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Xia Y, Sun M, Huang H, Jin WL. Drug repurposing for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:92. [PMID: 38637540 PMCID: PMC11026526 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a complex and multifactorial disease, presents a significant challenge to global health. Despite significant advances in surgical, radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches, which have improved cancer treatment outcomes, drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy. However, the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects, and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics. One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing: the identification of new applications for existing, clinically approved drugs. Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective, proven to be safe, and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles. In light of this, the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing, specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer. We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs, and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In addition, we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery. We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen. To conclude, we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China.
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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2
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Fatima I, Ahmad R, Barman S, Gowrikumar S, Pravoverov K, Primeaux M, Fisher KW, Singh AB, Dhawan P. Albendazole inhibits colon cancer progression and therapy resistance by targeting ubiquitin ligase RNF20. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1046-1058. [PMID: 38278978 PMCID: PMC10951408 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repurposing of FDA-approved drugs for anti-cancer therapies is appealing due to their established safety profiles and pharmacokinetic properties and can be quickly moved into clinical trials. Cancer progression and resistance to conventional chemotherapy remain the key hurdles in improving the clinical management of colon cancer patients and associated mortality. METHODS High-throughput screening (HTS) was performed using an annotated library of 1,600 FDA-approved drugs to identify drugs with strong anti-CRC properties. The candidate drug exhibiting most promising inhibitory effects in in-vitro studies was tested for its efficacy using in-vivo models of CRC progression and chemoresistance and patient derived organoids (PTDOs). RESULTS Albendazole, an anti-helminth drug, demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects on the tumorigenic potentials of CRC cells, xenograft tumor growth and organoids from mice. Also, albendazole sensitized the chemoresistant CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin suggesting potential to treat chemoresistant CRC. Mechanistically, Albendazole treatment modulated the expression of RNF20, to promote apoptosis in CRC cells by delaying the G2/M phase and suppressing anti-apoptotic-Bcl2 family transcription. CONCLUSIONS Albendazole, an FDA approved drug, carries strong therapeutic potential to treat colon cancers which are aggressive and potentially resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings also lay the groundwork for further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristina Pravoverov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mark Primeaux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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3
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Osorio-Pérez SM, Estrada-Meza C, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Arvizu-Espinosa MG, Srivastava A, Sharma A, Paul S. Thymoquinone Potentially Modulates the Expression of Key Onco- and Tumor Suppressor miRNAs in Prostate and Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Insights from PC3 and HCT-15 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1730. [PMID: 37761870 PMCID: PMC10531155 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) and colon cancer significantly contribute to global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical found in black cumin, has shown potential as an anticancer compound. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TQ on the expression profile of key tumor suppressor and onco-suppressor miRNAs in PC3 prostate cancer cells and HCT-15 colon cancer cells. Cell viability assays revealed that TQ inhibited the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of approximately 82.59 μM for HCT-15 and 55.83 μM for PC3 cells. Following TQ treatment at the IC50 concentrations, miRNA expression analysis demonstrated that TQ significantly downregulated miR-21-5p expression in HCT-15 cells and upregulated miR-34a-5p, miR-221-5p, miR-17-5p, and miR-21-5p expression in PC3 cells. However, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of miR-34a-5p and miR-200a-5p in HCT-15 cells. The current findings suggest that TQ might exert its antiproliferative effects by modulating specific tumor suppressor and onco-suppressor miRNAs in prostate and colon cancer cells. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise underlying mechanisms and to explore the therapeutic potential of TQ in cancer treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the effect of TQ on the miRNA expression profile in colon and prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Madeline Osorio-Pérez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Carolina Estrada-Meza
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | - María Goretti Arvizu-Espinosa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
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4
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Jain A, Bhattacharya S. Recent advances in nanomedicine preparative methods and their therapeutic potential for colorectal cancer: a critical review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211603. [PMID: 37427139 PMCID: PMC10325729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that affects a large percentage of the global population. The conventional treatments for CRC have a number of limitations. Nanoparticles have emerged as a promising cancer treatment method due to their ability to directly target cancer cells and regulate drug release, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. This compilation examines the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for CRC treatment. Different nanomaterials can be used to administer anticancer drugs, including polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, liposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we discuss recent developments in nanoparticle preparation techniques, such as solvent evaporation, salting-out, ion gelation, and nanoprecipitation. These methods have demonstrated high efficacy in penetrating epithelial cells, a prerequisite for effective drug delivery. This article focuses on the various targeting mechanisms utilized by CRC-targeted nanoparticles and their recent advancements in this field. In addition, the review offers descriptive information regarding numerous nano-preparative procedures for colorectal cancer treatments. We also discuss the outlook for innovative therapeutic techniques in the management of CRC, including the potential application of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. The review concludes with a discussion of current nanotechnology patents and clinical studies used to target and diagnose CRC. The results of this investigation suggest that nanoparticles have great potential as a method of drug delivery for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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5
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Liu Z, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Ahituv N, Wong KC. Risk scoring based on DNA methylation-driven related DEGs for colorectal cancer prognosis with systematic insights. Life Sci 2023; 316:121413. [PMID: 36682524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques and medications. Its prognosis remains challenging. DNA methylation-driven related circulating tumor cells have attracted enormous interest in diagnosing owing to their non-invasive nature and early recognition properties. However, the mechanism through which risk biomarkers act remains elusive. Here, we designed a risk model based on differentially expressed genes, DNA methylation, robust, and survival-related factors in the framework of Cox regression. The model has satisfactory performance and is independently verified by an external and isolated dataset in terms of C-index value, ROC, and tROC. The model was applied to Colorectal cancer patients who were subsequently divided into high- and low-risk groups. Functional annotations, genomic alterations, tumor immune environment, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. We observed that up-regulated genes are associated with epithelial cell differentiation and MAPK signaling pathways. The down-regulated genes are related to IL-7 signaling and apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation. Interestingly, the immune system was inhibited in high-risk groups. High-frequency mutation genes tend to co-occur. High-risk score patients are related to copy number amplification events. To address the challenges, we suggested eleven and twenty-one drugs that are sensitive to low- and high-risk patients. Finally, an artificial neural network was provided to evaluate the immunotherapeutic efficiency. Taken together, the findings demonstrated that our risk score model is robust and reliable for evaluating the prognosis with novel diagnostic and treatment targets. It also yields benefits for the treatment and provides unique insights into developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ka-Chun Wong
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Doumat G, Daher D, Zerdan MB, Nasra N, Bahmad HF, Recine M, Poppiti R. Drug Repurposing in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Old Solutions for New Problems. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:704-719. [PMID: 36661704 PMCID: PMC9858415 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 2022. The majority (80%) of lung cancer cases belong to the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) subtype. Despite the increased screening efforts, the median five-year survival of metastatic NSCLC remains low at approximately 3%. Common treatment approaches for NSCLC include surgery, multimodal chemotherapy, and concurrent radio and chemotherapy. NSCLC exhibits high rates of resistance to treatment, driven by its heterogeneity and the plasticity of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Drug repurposing offers a faster and cheaper way to develop new antineoplastic purposes for existing drugs, to help overcome therapy resistance. The decrease in time and funds needed stems from the availability of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to be repurposed. This review provides a synopsis of the drug-repurposing approaches and mechanisms of action of potential candidate drugs used in treating NSCLC, including but not limited to antihypertensives, anti-hyperlipidemics, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-diabetics, and anti-microbials.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Doumat
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Morgan Bou Zerdan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Nasri Nasra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo 15310, Syria
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Monica Recine
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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7
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Cao X, Li R, Wang H, Guo C, Wang S, Chen X, Zhao R. Novel indole–chalcone platinum(IV) complexes as tubulin polymerization inhibitors to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Drug Repurposing against KRAS Mutant G12C: A Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010669. [PMID: 36614109 PMCID: PMC9821013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral G12C (KRASG12C) protein is one of the most common mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRASG12C inhibitors are promising for NSCLC treatment, but their weaker activity in resistant tumors is their drawback. This study aims to identify new KRASG12C inhibitors from among the FDA-approved covalent drugs by taking advantage of artificial intelligence. The machine learning models were constructed using an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The models can predict KRASG12C inhibitors well, with an accuracy score of validation = 0.85 and Q2Ext = 0.76. From 67 FDA-covalent drugs, afatinib, dacomitinib, acalabrutinib, neratinib, zanubrutinib, dutasteride, and finasteride were predicted to be active inhibitors. Afatinib obtained the highest predictive log-inhibitory concentration at 50% (pIC50) value against KRASG12C protein close to the KRASG12C inhibitors. Only afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib covalently bond at the active site like the KRASG12C inhibitors in the KRASG12C protein (PDB ID: 6OIM). Moreover, afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib exhibited a distance deviation between the KRASG2C protein-ligand complex similar to the KRASG12C inhibitors. Therefore, afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib could be used as drug candidates against the KRASG12C protein. This finding unfolds the benefit of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing against KRASG12C protein.
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9
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Mbugua SN. Targeting Tumor Microenvironment by Metal Peroxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:5041399. [PMID: 36568636 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5041399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors have a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes hypoxia, low acidity, and high hydrogen peroxide and glutathione (GSH) levels, among others. These unique factors, which offer favourable microenvironments and nourishment for tumor development and spread, also serve as a gateway for specific and successful cancer therapies. A good example is metal peroxide structures which have been synthesized and utilized to enhance oxygen supply and they have shown great promise in the alleviation of hypoxia. In a hypoxic environment, certain oxygen-dependent treatments such as photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy fail to respond and therefore modulating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been found to enhance the antitumor impact of certain drugs. Under acidic environments, the hydrogen peroxide produced by the reaction of metal peroxides with water not only induces oxidative stress but also produces additional oxygen. This is achieved since hydrogen peroxide acts as a reactive substrate for molecules such as catalyse enzymes, alleviating tumor hypoxia observed in the tumor microenvironment. Metal ions released in the process can also offer distinct bioactivity in their own right. Metal peroxides used in anticancer therapy are a rapidly evolving field, and there is good evidence that they are a good option for regulating the tumor microenvironment in cancer therapy. In this regard, the synthesis and mechanisms behind the successful application of metal peroxides to specifically target the tumor microenvironment are highlighted in this review. Various characteristics of TME such as angiogenesis, inflammation, hypoxia, acidity levels, and metal ion homeostasis are addressed in this regard, together with certain forms of synergistic combination treatments.
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Abbott K, Salamat JM, Flannery PC, Chaudhury CS, Chandran A, Vishveshwara S, Mani S, Huang J, Tiwari AK, Pondugula SR. Gefitinib Inhibits Rifampicin-Induced CYP3A4 Gene Expression in Human Hepatocytes. ACS Omega 2022; 7:34034-34044. [PMID: 36188260 PMCID: PMC9520547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During multidrug combination chemotherapy, activation of the nuclear receptor and the transcription factor human pregnane xenobiotic receptor (hPXR) has been shown to play a role in the development of chemoresistance. Mechanistically, this could occur due to the cancer drug activation of hPXR and the subsequent upregulation of hPXR target genes such as the drug metabolism enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In the context of hPXR-mediated drug resistance, hPXR antagonists would be useful adjuncts to PXR-activating chemotherapy. However, there are currently no clinically approved hPXR antagonists in the market. Gefitinib (GEF), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and effectively used in combinational chemotherapy treatments, is a promising candidate owing to its hPXR ligand-like features. We, therefore, investigated whether GEF would act as an hPXR antagonist when combined with a known hPXR agonist, rifampicin (RIF). At therapeutically relevant concentrations, GEF successfully inhibited the RIF-induced upregulation of endogenous CYP3A4 gene expression in human primary hepatocytes and human hepatocells. Additionally, GEF inhibited the RIF induction of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. The computational modeling of molecular docking predicted that GEF could bind to multiple sites on hPXR including the ligand-binding pocket, allowing for potential as a direct antagonist as well as an allosteric inhibitor. Indeed, GEF bound to the ligand-binding domain of the hPXR in cell-free assays, suggesting that GEF directly interacts with the hPXR. Taken together, our results suggest that GEF, at its clinically relevant therapeutic concentration, can antagonize the hPXR agonist-induced CYP3A4 gene expression in human hepatocytes. Thus, GEF could be a potential candidate for use in combinational chemotherapies to combat hPXR agonist-induced chemoresistance. Further studies are warranted to determine whether GEF has sufficient hPXR inhibitor abilities to overcome the hPXR agonist-induced chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodye
L. Abbott
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Julia M. Salamat
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Patrick C. Flannery
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chloe S. Chaudhury
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Department
of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur
University, Kannur, Kerala 670661, India
| | | | - Sridhar Mani
- Albert Einstein
Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, New York 10461, United States
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Center
of Medical Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 306, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Department
of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of
Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United
States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department
of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Auburn
University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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11
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Gales L, Forsea L, Mitrea D, Stefanica I, Stanculescu I, Mitrica R, Georgescu M, Trifanescu O, Anghel R, Serbanescu L. Antidiabetics, Anthelmintics, Statins, and Beta-Blockers as Co-Adjuvant Drugs in Cancer Therapy. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091239. [PMID: 36143915 PMCID: PMC9503803 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, repurposed agents have provided growing evidence of fast implementation in oncology treatment such as certain antimalarial, anthelmintic, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic agents. In this study, the four agents of choice were present in our patients’ daily treatment for nonmalignant-associated pathology and have known, light toxicity profiles. It is quite common for a given patient’s daily administration schedule to include two or three of these drugs for the duration of their treatment. We chose to review the latest literature concerning metformin, employed as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes; mebendazole, as an anthelmintic; atorvastatin, as a cholesterol-lowering drug; propranolol, used in cardiovascular diseases as a nonspecific inhibitor of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. At the same time, certain key action mechanisms make them feasible antitumor agents such as for mitochondrial ETC inhibition, activation of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, amelioration of endogenous hyperinsulinemia, inhibition of selective tyrosine kinases (i.e., VEGFR2, TNIK, and BRAF), and mevalonate pathway inhibition. Despite the abundance of results from in vitro and in vivo studies, the only solid data from randomized clinical trials confirm metformin-related oncological benefits for only a small subset of nondiabetic patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and early-stage colorectal cancer. At the same time, clinical studies confirm metformin-related detrimental/lack of an effect for lung, breast, prostate cancer, and glioblastoma. For atorvastatin we see a clinical oncological benefit in patients and head and neck cancer, with a trend towards radioprotection of critical structures, thus supporting the role of atorvastatin as a promising agent for concomitant association with radiotherapy. Propranolol-related increased outcomes were seen in clinical studies in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, and sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentia Gales
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leyla Forsea
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Mitrea
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stefanica
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stanculescu
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Mitrica
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-741-964-311
| | - Mihai Georgescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Trifanescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Anghel
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Serbanescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Yoon K, Chung J, Kim KG. A Metal Detector for Clip Location Tracking of Stomach and Colon Cancer during Laparoscopic Surgery. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:7330. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In laparoscopic surgery for colorectal and gastric cancer, it is difficult to locate the tumor in the cavity for excision. Tumors in the colon or stomach are blocked by mucous membranes; thus, the view from the cavity is obscured. Therefore, to determine the location of the tumor, a marker can be installed around the tumor and the location of the tumor can be found using a sensor. Until now, most of the clip-detectors that have been developed can detect the location of tumors for either colorectal or gastric cancer. The research on the development of a detector that can detect the location of tumors for both colorectal and gastric cancer, is insufficient. Most detectors for tumor location determination are devised using a magnet by connecting a wire to a clip. In this method, the position of the magnet moves along the length of the wire. Therefore, it is difficult for the detector to detect the exact location of the tumor. Based on this method, this study designs a clip maker to determine the location of a tumor and a detector that can detect the clip. The clip and the sensing element are directly connected. The clip is developed using ferrite and coil to generate a magnetic field induced by an eddy current in the metal (clip), and the detector is designed using the Colpitts oscillator to induce a magnetic field. After installing the prepared clip at the tumor location, the detector is used to detect the clip, and accordingly, the location of the tumor can be identified using the detector. To test the performance of the clip and detector, we conducted animal experiments. In the course of the animal experiment, four clips were installed in the colon and stomach, and we succeeded in detecting all the clips. Because the clip-detector is used to locate the tumor during laparoscopic surgery, an endoscope must be used. Therefore, it is predicted that the demand for laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic medical industry will increase because of the clip-detector.
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Yoon K, Kim KG, Chung JW, Lee WS. Clip-Detector Using a Neodymium Magnet to Locate Malignant Tumors during Laparoscopic Surgery. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5404. [PMID: 35891084 PMCID: PMC9319524 DOI: 10.3390/s22145404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During laparoscopic surgery for colorectal or gastric cancers, locating the tumor for excision is difficult owing to it being obscured by mucous membranes. Therefore, a clip can be installed around the tumor, which can be located using a sensor. Most of the clip-detectors developed thus far can only detect tumors in either the colon or stomach and require a wire to connect the clip and detector. This study designs a clip and detector that can locate a tumor in the stomach and colon. The clip contains a neodymium magnet that generates a magnetic field, and the detector includes a Colpitts oscillator that allows magnetic coupling of the clip and detector. After installing the prepared clip at the tumor location, the detector is used to locate the clip. To test the clip and detector, we conducted animal experiments, during which four clips were installed in the colon and stomach of a mini pig. We succeeded in locating the clips within 2.17 and 3.14 s in the stomach and colon, respectively, which were shorter than the detection times reported in previous studies. The demand for laparoscopic surgery and endoscopes is predicted to increase owing to this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kicheol Yoon
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center & College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- CAIMI Co., Ltd., #206 Building of Incheon Startup Park, 204 Convensia-daero (Songdo-dong), Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22004, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center & College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
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