1
|
Kaimuangpak K, Rosalina R, Thumanu K, Weerapreeyakul N. Macromolecules with predominant β-pleated sheet proteins in extracellular vesicles released from Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef microgreens induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132001. [PMID: 38702007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive macromolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) were prepared as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Plant-derived EVs are gaining pharmaceutical research interest because of their bioactive components and delivery properties. The spherical nanosized EVs derived from Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef microgreens previously showed antiproliferative activity in HCT116 colon cancer cells from macromolecular compositions (predominantly proteins). To understand the mechanism of action, the biological activity studies, i.e., antiproliferation, cellular biochemical changes, DNA conformational changes, DNA damage, apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, apoptosis induction, and apoptotic pathways, were determined by neutral red uptake assay, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, comet assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometry, and caspase activity assay, respectively. EVs inhibited HCT116 cell growth in concentration- and time-dependent manners, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 675.4 ± 33.8 μg/ml at 48 h and a selectivity index of 1.5 ± 0.076. HCT116 treated with EVs mainly changed the cellular biochemical compositions in the nucleic acids and carbohydrates region. The DNA damage caused no changes in DNA conformation. The apoptotic nuclear morphological changes were associated with the increased apoptotic cell population. The apoptotic cell death was induced by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. EVs have potential as antiproliferative bioparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karnchanok Kaimuangpak
- Graduate School (Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Reny Rosalina
- Graduate School (Biomedical Sciences Program), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wachirattanapongmetee K, Katekaew S, Weerapreeyakul N, Thawornchinsombut S. Differentiation of protein types extracted from tilapia byproducts by FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis and their antioxidant protein hydrolysates. Food Chem 2024; 437:137862. [PMID: 37931446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to characterize protein types including sarcoplasmic protein (SP), myofibrillar protein (MP), and alkali-aided protein extract (AP) prepared from tilapia byproducts using water, 0.6 M NaCl, and alkaline solution (pH 11), respectively compared to freeze-dried minced tilapia muscle (CONTROL). Principal component analysis was performed from second derivative FTIR spectra to differentiate protein type. The AP mostly contained β-sheet structure and had low total sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity. SP can be distinguished from MP by the loading plots of the FTIR bands representing the α-helical structure. While the bands for lipids and β-sheet of protein were noted for differentiating AP from CONTROL. After being hydrolyzed by Protease G6, the AP hydrolysate disclosed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, while the SP hydrolysate revealed the strongest metal chelating ability. Thus, an understanding of how fish processing waste can be utilized in the production of antioxidant protein hydrolysates has been achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Somporn Katekaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawan Thawornchinsombut
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Srisongkram T, Syahid NF, Piyasawetkul T, Thirawatthanasak P, Khamtang P, Sawasnopparat N, Tookkane D, Weerapreeyakul N, Puthongking P. Prediction of Spheroid Cell Death Using Fluorescence Staining and Convolutional Neural Networks. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1980-1989. [PMID: 38052002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is emerging for drug design and drug screening. Skin toxicity is one of the most important assays for determining the toxicity of a compound before being used in skin application. Much work has been done to find an alternative assay without animal experiments. 3D cell culture is one of the methods that provides clinically relevant models with superior clinical translation compared to that of 2D cell culture. In this study, we developed a spheroid toxicity assay using keratinocyte HaCaT cells with propidium iodide and calcein AM. We also applied the transfer learning-containing convolutional neural network (CNN) to further determine spheroid cell death with fluorescence labeling. Our result shows that the morphologies of the spheroid are the key features in determining the apoptosis cell death of the HaCaT spheroid. Our CNN model provided good statistical measurement in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall in both validation and external test data sets. One can predict keratinocyte spheroid cell death if that spheroid image contains the fluorescence signals from propidium iodide and calcein AM. The CNN model can be accessed in the web application at https://qsarlabs.com/#spheroiddeath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nur Fadhilah Syahid
- Graduate School in the Program of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Piyasawetkul
- Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pannaphat Thirawatthanasak
- Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Khamtang
- Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nathida Sawasnopparat
- Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Dheerapat Tookkane
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Srisongkram T, Syahid NF, Tookkane D, Weerapreeyakul N, Puthongking P. Stacked ensemble learning on HaCaT cytotoxicity for skin irritation prediction: A case study on dipterocarpol. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114115. [PMID: 37863382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Skin irritation is an adverse effect associated with various substances, including chemicals, drugs, or natural products. Dipterocarpol, extracted from Dipterocarpus alatus, contains several skin benefits notably anticancer, wound healing, and antibacterial properties. However, the skin irritation of dipterocarpol remains unassessed. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is a recommended tool for toxicity assessment involving less time, money, and animal testing to access unavailable acute toxicity data. Therefore, our study aimed to develop a highly accurate machine learning-based QSAR model for predicting skin irritation. We utilized a stacked ensemble learning model with 1064 chemicals. We also adhered to the recommendations from the OECD for QSAR validation. Subsequently, we used the proposed model to explore the cytotoxicity of dipterocarpol on keratinocytes. Our findings indicate that the model displayed promising statistical quality in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall in both 10-fold cross-validation and test datasets. Moreover, the model predicted that dipterocarpol does not have skin irritation, which was confirmed by the cell-based assay. In conclusion, our proposed model can be applied for the risk assessment of skin irritation in untested compounds that fall within its applicability domain. The web application of this model is available at https://qsarlabs.com/#stackhacat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nur Fadhilah Syahid
- Graduate School in the Program of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Dheerapat Tookkane
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wattanathorn J, Tong-Un T, Thukham-Mee W, Weerapreeyakul N. A Functional Drink Containing Kaempferia parviflora Extract Increases Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Flexibility in Adult Volunteers. Foods 2023; 12:3411. [PMID: 37761119 PMCID: PMC10529813 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the reputation of Kaempferia parviflora and the crucial role of oxidative stress on the disturbance of physical fitness, the effect of a functional drink containing K. parviflora extract (KP) on the physical fitness of healthy adult volunteers was assessed. Healthy male and female volunteers (19-60 years old) were randomly divided into placebo, KP90, and KP180 groups. All the subjects in KP90 and KP180 were directed to consume a functional drink containing K. parviflora extract at doses of 90 and 180 mg per serving per 80 mL, respectively. Parameters of physical fitness, including cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition, together with changes in lactate, creatinine kinase, and oxidative stress markers were assessed before the intervention, and at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. The oxidative stress markers, creatine kinase, and lactate were also measured. Subjects who consumed the developed drink had increased VO2 max and improved performance in a timed shuttle run test and 5 min distance run, and exhibited decreased oxidative stress and lactate; therefore, K. parviflora extract can be successfully used for developing a KP drink to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and physical performance by improving oxidative stress and lactate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.T.-U.); (W.T.-M.); (N.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Terdthai Tong-Un
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.T.-U.); (W.T.-M.); (N.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-Mee
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.T.-U.); (W.T.-M.); (N.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for High Human Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (T.T.-U.); (W.T.-M.); (N.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tiranakwit T, Puangpun W, Tamprasit K, Wichai N, Siriamornpun S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Phytochemical Screening on Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Six Indigenous Plants Used in Traditional Thai Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13425. [PMID: 37686230 PMCID: PMC10487580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler, Huberantha cerasoides (Roxb.) Benth), Oxyceros horridus Lour, Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaerth, Combretum quadrangulare Kurz, and Ziziphus cambodiana Pierre. The stem was also studied in comparison. The ethanolic extract from each plant part and the mixed plants mimicking the traditional formula were prepared and investigated for antioxidant capability in vitro via DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The phytochemical constituents were determined by chemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between antioxidant activity and the contributed phytochemicals was determined using correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that extracts from both parts of the plant formula showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to a single plant extract. Among the six plants, C. digyna exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. TPC had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity. PCA revealed that gallic acid contributed to the antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the traditional formula and C. digyna have the potential for further chemical characterization and study related to antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanawuth Tiranakwit
- Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Wimonwan Puangpun
- Program of Doctor of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Kawintra Tamprasit
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Natthapong Wichai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Sirithon Siriamornpun
- Research Unit of Thai Food Innovation, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (K.T.); (T.S.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Syahid NF, Weerapreeyakul N, Srisongkram T. StackBRAF: A Large-Scale Stacking Ensemble Learning for BRAF Affinity Prediction. ACS Omega 2023; 8:20881-20891. [PMID: 37332807 PMCID: PMC10268632 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) is a proto-oncogene that plays a vital role in cell signaling and growth regulation. Identifying a potent BRAF inhibitor can enhance therapeutic success in high-stage cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. In this study, we proposed a stacking ensemble learning framework for the accurate prediction of BRAF inhibitors. We obtained 3857 curated molecules with BRAF inhibitory activity expressed as a predicted half-maximal inhibitory concentration value (pIC50) from the ChEMBL database. Twelve molecular fingerprints from PaDeL-Descriptor were calculated for model training. Three machine learning algorithms including extreme gradient boosting, support vector regression, and multilayer perceptron were utilized for constructing new predictive features (PFs). The meta-ensemble random forest regression, called StackBRAF, was created based on the 36 PFs. The StackBRAF model achieves lower mean absolute error (MAE) and higher coefficient of determination (R2 and Q2) than the individual baseline models. The stacking ensemble learning model provides good y-randomization results, indicating a strong correlation between molecular features and pIC50. An applicability domain of the model with an acceptable Tanimoto similarity score was also defined. Moreover, a large-scale high-throughput screening of 2123 FDA-approved drugs against the BRAF protein was successfully demonstrated using the StackBRAF algorithm. Thus, the StackBRAF model proved beneficial as a drug design algorithm for BRAF inhibitor drug discovery and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fadhilah Syahid
- Graduate
School in the Program of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon
Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human
High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human
High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Srisongkram T, Khamtang P, Weerapreeyakul N. Prediction of KRAS G12C inhibitors using conjoint fingerprint and machine learning-based QSAR models. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108466. [PMID: 37058997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus G12C (KRASG12C) is the major protein mutation associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) severity. Inhibiting KRASG12C is therefore one of the key therapeutic strategies for NSCLC patients. In this paper, a cost-effective data driven drug design employing machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was built for predicting ligand affinities against KRASG12C protein. A curated and non-redundant dataset of 1033 compounds with KRASG12C inhibitory activity (pIC50) was used to build and test the models. The PubChem fingerprint, Substructure fingerprint, Substructure fingerprint count, and the conjoint fingerprint-a combination of PubChem fingerprint and Substructure fingerprint count-were used to train the models. Using comprehensive validation methods and various machine learning algorithms, the results clearly showed that the XGBoost regression (XGBoost) achieved the highest performance in term of goodness of fit, predictivity, generalizability and model robustness (R2 = 0.81, Q2CV = 0.60, Q2Ext = 0.62, R2 - Q2Ext = 0.19, R2Y-Random = 0.31 ± 0.03, Q2Y-Random = -0.09 ± 0.04). The top 13 molecular fingerprints that correlated with the predicted pIC50 values were SubFPC274 (aromatic atoms), SubFPC307 (number of chiral-centers), PubChemFP37 (≥1 Chlorine), SubFPC18 (Number of alkylarylethers), SubFPC1 (number of primary carbons), SubFPC300 (number of 1,3-tautomerizables), PubChemFP621 (N-C:C:C:N structure), PubChemFP23 (≥1 Fluorine), SubFPC2 (number of secondary carbons), SubFPC295 (number of C-ONS bonds), PubChemFP199 (≥4 6-membered rings), PubChemFP180 (≥1 nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring), and SubFPC180 (number of tertiary amine). These molecular fingerprints were virtualized and validated using molecular docking experiments. In conclusion, this conjoint fingerprint and XGBoost-QSAR model demonstrated to be useful as a high-throughput screening tool for KRASG12C inhibitor identification and drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
So V, Poul P, Oeung S, Srey P, Mao K, Ung H, Eng P, Heim M, Srun M, Chheng C, Chea S, Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and HPLC Analysis of Nine Edible Sprouts in Cambodia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062874. [PMID: 36985845 PMCID: PMC10059773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-nutritional health benefits of sprouts are unconfirmed. Thus, nine sprout methanolic extracts were tested for phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity. The TPC, TCC, TFC, TAC, and TALC were measured. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. HPLC detected gallic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the extracts. The sprout extracts contained six compounds, with caffeic acid being the most abundant. Gallic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, and rutin were highest in soybean, black sesame, mustard, sunflower, white radish, and black sesame sprouts, respectively. Sunflower sprouts had the highest level of TCC while soybean sprouts had the highest level of TFC, Taiwanese morning glory had the highest level of TPC, mustard sprouts had the highest level of TALC, and black sesame sprouts had the highest level of TAC. Taiwanese morning glories scavenged the most DPPH and ABTS radicals. Colored and white radish sprouts had similar ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Antioxidation mechanisms varied by compound. Our findings demonstrated that sprouts have biological effects, and their short time for mass production offers an alternative food source for health benefits, and that they are useful for future research development of natural products and dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visessakseth So
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Philip Poul
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sokunvary Oeung
- Division of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Pich Srey
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Kimchhay Mao
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Huykhim Ung
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Poliny Eng
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Mengkhim Heim
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Marnick Srun
- Department of Technology Research and Development, National Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Phnom Penh 120601, Cambodia
| | - Chantha Chheng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Sin Chea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120204, Cambodia
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Wongpoomchai R. Thai Rat-Tailed Radish Prevents Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats by Blocking Mutagenicity, Inducing Hepatic Phase II Enzyme, and Decreasing Hepatic Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061906. [PMID: 36980792 PMCID: PMC10047847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef (RS) is an indigenous Thai plant with nutritional and medicinal values such as anticancer activity, but only in vitro. The chemopreventive effects of RS were, therefore, investigated in the initial stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a carcinogen, was intraperitoneally injected into rats to induce liver cancer. Along with the DEN injection, either aqueous (RS-H2O) or dichloromethane (RS-DCM) extract was administered orally. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect glutathione S-transferase placental (GST-P) positive foci and apoptotic cells in rat livers as indicators of initial-stage carcinogenesis. The underlying mechanisms of chemoprevention were investigated with (a) antimutagenic activity, (b) hepatic phase II enzyme induction, and (c) hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. The results showed that RS-DCM was more potent than RS-H2O in decreasing GST-P positive foci and apoptotic cells induced by DEN. The mechanisms of RS-DCM (phenolics and sulforaphene contents) against liver carcinogenesis (1) block the activity of carcinogens; (2) elevate phase II detoxifying enzymes; and (3) suppress the pro-inflammatory gene expression. RS-H2O (phenolics contents), in contrast, only decreases pro-inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, the RS extract consisting of phenolics and isothiocyanates exerted significant chemopreventive activity against DEN-induced liver carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N. Drug Repurposing against KRAS Mutant G12C: A Machine Learning, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010669. [PMID: 36614109 PMCID: PMC9821013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral G12C (KRASG12C) protein is one of the most common mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). KRASG12C inhibitors are promising for NSCLC treatment, but their weaker activity in resistant tumors is their drawback. This study aims to identify new KRASG12C inhibitors from among the FDA-approved covalent drugs by taking advantage of artificial intelligence. The machine learning models were constructed using an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The models can predict KRASG12C inhibitors well, with an accuracy score of validation = 0.85 and Q2Ext = 0.76. From 67 FDA-covalent drugs, afatinib, dacomitinib, acalabrutinib, neratinib, zanubrutinib, dutasteride, and finasteride were predicted to be active inhibitors. Afatinib obtained the highest predictive log-inhibitory concentration at 50% (pIC50) value against KRASG12C protein close to the KRASG12C inhibitors. Only afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib covalently bond at the active site like the KRASG12C inhibitors in the KRASG12C protein (PDB ID: 6OIM). Moreover, afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib exhibited a distance deviation between the KRASG2C protein-ligand complex similar to the KRASG12C inhibitors. Therefore, afatinib, neratinib, and zanubrutinib could be used as drug candidates against the KRASG12C protein. This finding unfolds the benefit of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing against KRASG12C protein.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaimuangpak K, Tamprasit K, Thumanu K, Weerapreeyakul N. Extracellular vesicles derived from microgreens of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef contain bioactive macromolecules and inhibit HCT116 cells proliferation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15686. [PMID: 36127415 PMCID: PMC9489735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles released from cells, containing natural cargos. Microgreens of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef were used in this study as the source of EVs. EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation. The physical properties were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopy. The biological and chemical composition were studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, respectively. EVs had a median size of 227.17 and 234.90 ± 23.30 nm determined by electron microscopy and DLS, respectively with a polydispersity index of 0.293 ± 0.019. Electron microscopy indicated the intact morphology and confirmed the size. The FTIR spectra revealed that EVs are composed of proteins as the most abundant macromolecules. Using a curve-fitting analysis, β-pleated sheets were the predominant secondary structure. Notably, the micromolecular biomarkers were not detected. EVs exerted anti-cancer activity on HCT116 colon cancer over Vero normal cells with an IC50 of 448.98 µg/ml and a selectivity index of > 2.23. To conclude, EVs could be successfully prepared with a simple and effective isolation method to contain nano-sized macromolecules possessing anti-cancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karnchanok Kaimuangpak
- Graduate School (in the Program of Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kawintra Tamprasit
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittrapap Road, Amphoe Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Srisongkram T, Bahrami K, Järvinen J, Timonen J, Rautio J, Weerapreeyakul N. Development of Sesamol Carbamate-L-Phenylalanine Prodrug Targeting L-Type Amino Acid Transporter1 (LAT1) as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent against Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158446. [PMID: 35955600 PMCID: PMC9369069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesamol is a compound reported to have anti-melanogenesis and anti-melanoma actions. Sesamol, however, has low intracellular drug concentration and fast excretion, which can limit its benefits in the clinic. To overcome this drawback and increase intracellular delivery of sesamol into the target melanoma, research has focused on L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-mediated prodrug delivery into melanoma cells. The sesamol prodrug was designed by conjugating sesamol with L-phenylalanine at the para position with a carbamate bond. LAT1 targeting was evaluated vis-à-vis a competitive [14C]-leucine uptake inhibition. The sesamol prodrug has a higher [14C]-leucine uptake inhibition than sesamol in human LAT1-transfected HEK293 cells. Moreover, the sesamol prodrug was taken up by LAT1-mediated transport into SK-MEL-2 cells more effectively than sesamol. The sesamol prodrug underwent complete hydrolysis, releasing the active sesamol at 72 h, which significantly exerted its cytotoxicity (IC50 of 29.3 µM) against SK-MEL-cells more than sesamol alone. Taken together, the strategy for LAT1-mediated prodrug delivery has utility for the selective uptake of sesamol, thereby increasing its intracellular concentration and antiproliferation activity, targeting melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells that overexpress the LAT1 protein. The sesamol prodrug thus warrants further evaluation in an in vivo model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Katayun Bahrami
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.B.); (J.J.); (J.T.)
| | - Juulia Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.B.); (J.J.); (J.T.)
| | - Juri Timonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.B.); (J.J.); (J.T.)
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.B.); (J.J.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (N.W.)
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (N.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jampa M, Sutthanut K, Weerapreeyakul N, Tukummee W, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. Multiple Bioactivities of Manihot esculenta Leaves: UV Filter, Anti-Oxidation, Anti-Melanogenesis, Collagen Synthesis Enhancement, and Anti-Adipogenesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051556. [PMID: 35268656 PMCID: PMC8911860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cassava root is an important global agro-industrial crop that yields cassava leaf as a left-over co-product of interest for further development as a sustainable resource of health and cosmeceutical active compounds. This work aimed to investigate the cosmeceutical potential and chemical composition of an ethanolic cassava leaf extract (BM). rutin, apigenin, and kaempferol were found to be major constituents via HPLC-DAD UV analysis. Interestingly, the multiple beneficial bioactivities of BM for cosmeceutical applications were manifested in a dose-dependent manner, including anti-oxidation in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, anti-melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, collagen synthesis enhancement in human fibroblasts, and anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the potential of the collagen synthesis enhancement of BM and rutin was significant when compared to ascorbic acid. Additionally, a UV filter property comparable to BEMT with characteristics of board spectral absorption and constant high absorptivity throughout all UV wavelength ranges was exhibited by UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. In conclusion, the cassava leaf was found to be a potential natural cosmeceutical active agent with multiple cosmeceutical-related bioactivities with respect to a substantial composition of bioactive flavonols. These obtained data will support and encourage the further study and development of cassava leaves as potential economic and sustainable sources of bioactive agents for health and cosmeceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuschanok Jampa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43202378
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.J.); (N.W.)
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
| | - Wipawee Tukummee
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suparporn Muchimapura
- Human High Performance & Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP Research Institute), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.); (S.M.)
- Department of Physiology (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Srisongkram T, Waithong S, Thitimetharoch T, Weerapreeyakul N. Machine Learning and In Vitro Chemical Screening of Potential α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Thai Indigenous Plants. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020267. [PMID: 35057448 PMCID: PMC8781461 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes are the rate-limiting steps for carbohydrate digestion. The inhibition of these two enzymes is clinically used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here, in vitro study and machine learning models were employed for the chemical screening of inhibiting the activity of 31 plant samples on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The results showed that the ethanolic twig extract of Pinus kesiya had the highest inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme. The respective ethanolic extract of Croton oblongifolius stem, Parinari anamense twig, and Polyalthia evecta leaf showed high inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The classification analysis revealed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Thai indigenous plants was more predictive based on phytochemical constituents, compared with the α-amylase inhibitory activity (1.00 versus 0.97 accuracy score). The correlation loading plot revealed that flavonoids and alkaloids contributed to the α-amylase inhibitory activity, while flavonoids, tannins, and reducing sugars contributed to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of P. kesiya, C. oblongifolius, P. anamense, and P. evecta have the potential for further chemical characterization and the development of anti-diabetic recipes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasisom Waithong
- Program of Aesthetic Sciences and Health, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Thitimetharoch
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pocasap P, Nonpunya A, Weerapreeyakul N. Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon induces apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell via intrinsic pathway by PARP and Topoisomerase I suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111628. [PMID: 33940508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (PK), widely found in Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used for the treatment of several illnesses. Our previous studies showed that PK was highly cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells. The detailed mechanism of anticancer action of 50% hydro-ethanolic extract of PK's twig was, therefore, investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity of PK was determined by using NR assay, followed by determination of the mode of cell death by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-inducing effect was determined based on caspases activity, mitochondria membrane potential change, and expression of proteins related to apoptosis by western blot. The biomolecular alteration in the PK-treated HepG2 cells was investigated by FTIR microspectroscopy. Inhibition of topoisomerase I enzyme was determined by using DNA relaxation assay. Results showed that PK displayed high selective cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis against HepG2. FTIR microspectroscopy indicated that PK altered major biomolecules in HepG2 different from melphalan (a positive control), indicating a different mechanism of anticancer action. PK induced apoptotic cell death through the intrinsic pathway by increasing caspases 9 and 3/7 activity, increasing Bax, and decreasing Bcl-2 expression leading to mitochondrial membrane potential changes. PK also inhibited Top I and PARP activity that triggered an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The phytochemical test presented terpenoids (i.e., α-pinene confirmed by GC-MS), alkaloids, steroids, xanthone, reducing sugar, and saponin. α-Pinene exhibited low cytotoxicity against HepG2, therefore, several terpene derivatives may work synergistically for inducing apoptosis. Our data demonstrated that PK has the potential for further study with chemotherapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Apiyada Nonpunya
- Merz Healthcare (Thailand) Company Limited, Bangkok 10110 Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Keowkase R, Kijmankongkul N, Sangtian W, Poomborplab S, Santa-ardharnpreecha C, Weerapreeyakul N, Sitthithaworn W. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Fruit Extract of Aegle marmelos Against Amyloid-β Toxicity in a Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20933511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia found in the elderly. AD is caused by the accumulation of toxic proteins including amyloid-β (Aβ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fruit extract of Aegle marmelos against Aβ toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. The fruit of A. marmelos has been used in a traditional Thai herb formula in fatigue patients recovering from illnesses such as fever and diarrhea. We used a transgenic C. elegans strain CL4176, which expresses the human Aβ42, to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of action of the extracts against Aβ toxicity. The extract of A. marmelos significantly delayed Aβ-induced paralysis. Aegle marmelos lost the ability to delay Aβ-induced paralysis in worms fed with daf-16 ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) bacteria, but not in worms fed with hsf-1 and skin-1 RNAi bacteria. These results indicated that daf-16 transcription factor was required for A. marmelos-mediated delayed paralysis. Aegle marmelos enhanced the level of daf-16 gene. Taken together, these results indicated that A. marmelos reduced Aβ toxicity via the DAF-16-mediated cell signaling pathway. In addition, A. marmelos reduced toxic Aβ oligomers. Aegle marmelos also displayed antioxidative effect in in vivo as it enhanced resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress in wild type worms. All of the results suggested that A. marmelos can protect against Aβ-induced toxicity and can be a potential candidate for the prevention or treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roongpetch Keowkase
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Nattanon Kijmankongkul
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Wanapong Sangtian
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Sireethorn Poomborplab
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | | | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Worapan Sitthithaworn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Srisongkram T, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K. Evaluation of Melanoma (SK-MEL-2) Cell Growth between Three-Dimensional (3D) and Two-Dimensional (2D) Cell Cultures with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114141. [PMID: 32531986 PMCID: PMC7312007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the growth of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2) in two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. FTIR microspectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, could be used to monitor the variability of spheroid morphologies prepared from different cell densities. The characteristic shift in absorbance bands of the 2D cells were different from the spectra of cells from 3D spheroids. FTIR microspectroscopy can also be used to monitor cell death similar to fluorescence cell staining in 3D spheroids. A change in the secondary structure of protein was observed in cells from the 3D spheroid versus the 2D culture system. FTIR microspectroscopy can detect specific alterations in the biological components inside the spheroid, which cannot be detected using fluorescence cell death staining. In the cells from 3D spheroids, the respective lipid, DNA, and RNA region content represent specific markers directly proportional to the spheroid size and central area of necrotic cell death, which can be confirmed using unsupervised PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis. FTIR microspectroscopy could be used as an alternative tool for spheroid cell culture discrimination, and validation of the usual biochemical technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarapong Srisongkram
- Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-202-378
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Timonen J, Järvinen J, Leppänen J, Kärkkäinen J, Rautio J. Tyrosine-Chlorambucil Conjugates Facilitate Cellular Uptake through L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062132. [PMID: 32244913 PMCID: PMC7139360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
l-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an amino acid transporter that is overexpressed in several types of cancer and, thus, it can be a potential target for chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to (a) synthesize LAT1-targeted chlorambucil derivatives and (b) evaluate their LAT1-mediated cellular uptake as well as antiproliferative activity in vitro in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Chlorambucil was conjugated to l-tyrosine—an endogenous LAT1 substrate—via either ester or amide linkage (compounds 1 and 2, respectively). While chlorambucil itself did not bind to LAT1, its derivatives 1 and 2 bound to LAT1 with a similar affinity as with l-tyrosine and their respective cellular uptake was significantly higher than that of chlorambucil in MCF-7. The results of our cellular uptake study are indicative of antiproliferative activity, as a higher intracellular uptake of chlorambucil derivatives resulted in greater cytotoxicity than chlorambucil by itself. LAT1 thus contributes to intracellular uptake of chlorambucil derivatives and, therefore, increases antiproliferative activity. The understanding gained from our research can be used in the development of LAT1-targeted anticancer drugs and prodrugs for site-selective and enhanced chemotherapeutic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Juri Timonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.T.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Juulia Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.T.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.T.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jussi Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.T.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.T.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tamprasit K, Weerapreeyakul N, Sutthanut K, Thukhammee W, Wattanathorn J. Harvest Age Effect on Phytochemical Content of White and Black Glutinous Rice Cultivars. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244432. [PMID: 31817117 PMCID: PMC6943599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on the bioactive compounds of rice seeds, however, there is limited information on the bioactive compounds of rice sprouts. This study focused on the age effect on the phytochemical content of white and black glutinous rice sprouts harvested between 5 and 25 days old. We assessed yield, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, total chlorophyll content, and proximate analysis. HPLC results identified protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin in the sprouts of both cultivars, ranging between 0.56–1.58, 0.65–7.69, and 0.47–1.68 mg/g extract, respectively. The amount of bioactive compounds and proximate compositions in black glutinous rice were generally higher than white glutinous rice in an age-dependent manner (p < 0.05). At 5–7 days, black glutinous rice contained the highest total anthocyanin content, while white glutinous rice contained the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content (p < 0.05). High total chlorophyll content was initially detected in white glutinous rice at a younger age than black glutinous rice (p < 0.05), while total chlorophyll content in both cultivars was not significantly different. Our study confirms the presence of phytoconstituents in the rice sprouts of white and black glutinous rice and their potential as functional foods and for being further development as natural health products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawintra Tamprasit
- Graduate School (in the program of Aesthetic Sciences and Health), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-4320-2378
| | - Khaetthareeya Sutthanut
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (W.T.); (J.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K. Alyssin and Iberin in Cruciferous Vegetables Exert Anticancer Activity in HepG2 by Increasing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Tubulin Depolymerization. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:540-552. [PMID: 31405267 PMCID: PMC6824623 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the chemopreventive potential of alyssin and iberin, the in vitro anticancer activities and molecular targets of isothiocyanates (ITCs) were measured and compared to sulforaphane in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. The SR-FTIR spectra observed a similar pattern vis-à-vis the biomolecular alteration amongst the ITCs-treated cells suggesting a similar mode of action. All of the ITCs in this study cause cancer cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in concentration dependent manner (20–80 μM). We found no interactions of any of the ITCs studied with DNA. Notwithstanding, all of the ITCs studied increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed tubulin polymerization, which led to cell-cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phase. Alyssin possessed the most potent anticancer ability; possibly due to its ability to increase intracellular ROS rather than tubulin depolymerization. Nevertheless, the structural influence of alkyl chain length on anticancer capabilities of ITCs remains inconclusive. The results of this study indicate an optional, potent ITC (viz., alyssin) because of its underlying mechanisms against hepatic cancer. As a consequence, further selection and development of effective chemotherapeutic ITCs is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP&HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suebsakwong P, Wang J, Khetkam P, Weerapreeyakul N, Wu J, Du Y, Yao ZJ, Li JX, Suksamrarn A. A Bioreductive Prodrug of Cucurbitacin B Significantly Inhibits Tumor Growth in the 4T1 Xenograft Mice Model. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1400-1406. [PMID: 31620225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin B (CuB), a highly cytotoxic constituent of the Cucurbitaceae plant, was identified to exhibit potent inhibitory activity against human cancer cells as well as normal cells. This disadvantage hampers the possibility of developing this compound into an anticancer drug candidate. In this work, several bioreductive prodrugs of CuB were designed to reduce toxicity to normal cells while maintaining the cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. Embedded with a bioreductive delivery and cleavable system in cancer tissues, cucurbitacin B-based prodrugs 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Compared with the parent CuB, prodrug 1 was found to significantly reduce the toxicity down to 310-fold lower against noncancerous cells. LC-MS analyses show that prodrug 1 efficiently releases the parent compound in the reductase-overexpressed MCF-7 cells. In addition, prodrug 1 shows satisfactory and comparable effectiveness in controlling tumor growth as that by tamoxifen in the 4T1 xenograft mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parichat Suebsakwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Phorntip Khetkam
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | | | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian-Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jantamat P, Weerapreeyakul N, Puthongking P. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Coumarins and Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183385. [PMID: 31540345 PMCID: PMC6767265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven compounds, carbazole alkaloids (heptaphylline, 7-methoxyheptaphylline, 7-methoxymukonal) and coumarins (clausarin, dentatin, nordentatin, and xanthoxyletin), were isolated from the root bark of Clausena harmandiana. Antioxidation, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were evaluated in vitro. Results showed that clausarin exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging and 7-methoxymukonal had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power. In contrary, dentatin was the least DPPH radical scavenger, and heptaphylline was the least reducing antioxidant power. The isolated compounds showed different cytotoxicity. The hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) was generally more sensitive to the isolated compounds than lung cancer (SK-LU-1), colon cancer (HCT-116), and noncancerous (Vero) cell lines, respectively. Clausarin possessed the highest cytotoxicity selectively against cancer cell lines tested. 7-Methoxymukonal and 7-methoxyheptaphylline exhibited less cytotoxicity only in HepG2 cells and were inactive in the SK-LU-1 and HCT116 cells. Despite xantoxyletin possessing low antioxidant and low cytotoxic activity, it induced the highest apoptosis percentage with the lowest necrosis percentage of HepG2 cells after 24 h. In conclusion, xantoxyletin primarily show potential anticancer activity. The root bark of C. harmandiana is a good source of bioactive compounds or the lead for the development of new pharmaceutical agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Porntip Jantamat
- Chemistry and Natural Products Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Human High Performance and Health Promotion Research Institute (HHP and HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Tavichakorntrakool R, Lulitanond A, Sangka A, Sungkeeree S. Antibacterial activity and bioactive compounds of 50% hydroethanolic extract of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.259000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
25
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K. Structures of isothiocyanates attributed to reactive oxygen species generation and microtubule depolymerization in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [PMID: 29522950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the isothiocyanates (ITCs)-erucin, sulforaphane, erysolin, sulforaphene, and phenethyl isothiocyanate-were assessed as well as their respective in vitro anticancer activity on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. All of these ITCs induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. FTIR analysis indicated that the ITCs caused changes in cellular components comparable to vinblastine. Despite no observable effect on DNA, the ITCs all induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed microtubule polymerization. The variation in sulfur oxidation states and the presence of an aromatic ring on the ITC side chain affected microtubule depolymerization and intracellular ROS generation, leading to apoptotic and necrotic cancer cell death. Knowing the influences of structural variations of the ITC side chain would be useful for selecting the more potent ITCs (i.e., erysolin) for the design and development of effective chemopreventive agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piman Pocasap
- Research and Development of Pharmaceuticals Program, Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Siriwarin B, Tanthanuch W, Thumanu K. Biomolecular changes and DNA targeting effect of sesamol in human lung adenocarcinoma (SK-LU-1) cells by FTIR microscopy. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.239425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
27
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Tanthanuch W, Thumanu K. Sulforaphene in Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef increased in late-bolting stage as well as anticancer activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
28
|
Sangthong S, Weerapreeyakul N, Lehtonen M, Leppanen J, Rautio J. High-accuracy mass spectrometry for identification of sulphur-containing bioactive constituents and flavonoids in extracts of Raphanus sativus var. caudatus Alef (Thai rat-tailed radish). J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
29
|
Junhom C, Weerapreeyakul N, Tanthanuch W, Thumanu K. Partial least squares regression and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy for prediction of resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 351:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Siriwarin B, Weerapreeyakul N. Sesamol induced apoptotic effect in lung adenocarcinoma cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
31
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Machana S, Barusrux S. Synergistic effects of melphalan and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Simaosong) extracts on apoptosis induction in human cancer cells. Chin Med 2016; 11:29. [PMID: 27366203 PMCID: PMC4928253 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to determine the synergistic effects of the chemotherapeutic drug melphalan and the phytoconstituents extracted from Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Simaosong) in human cancer cells. Methods P. kesiya twigs extracted from 50 % ethanol–water were evaluated alone (6–500 µg/mL) and in combination with melphalan (0.75–15 µg/mL). The cytotoxic effects of single extract or extract and melphalan combination were examined by a neutral red assay to investigate their antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in the U937 and HepG2 cell lines. Nuclei morphological change and DNA fragmentation were examined by DNA nuclei staining with 4´6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The chemical constituents of the P. kesiya extract were assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The synergistic effects of different IC50 ratios of the P. kesiya extract and melphalan combination were analyzed in each cancer cell line. The dose reduction index (DRI) was calculated to determine the extent of concentration reduction in the combination treatment compared with the concentration of each single treatment. Results The IC50 ratios for melphalan to P. kesiya extract that caused 75 % antiproliferation could be reduced after combination. This response was greater in the U937 cells than in the HepG2 cells (all P < 0.001). Melphalan and P. kesiya extract had a similar effect on apoptosis induction both singly and in combination. P. kesiya extract synergized the antiproliferation and apoptosis induction effects of melphalan. Conclusions Combining the P. kesiya extract with melphalan reduced toxicity while retaining the therapeutic efficacy of melphalan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahapat Barusrux
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Junhom C, Barusrux S, Thitimetharoch T. Induction of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by extracts of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. and Diospyros castanea (Craib) Fletcher. Chin Med 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 27110278 PMCID: PMC4841969 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal plants are a preferred source of anticancer agents. This study aims to screen the anticancer activity of a crude extract of twigs of (a) Bombax anceps Pierre var. anceps (BA); (b) Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC.) Tirveng. (CT); (c) Erythrophleum succirubrum Gagnep. (ES); (d) Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (LC); and (e) leaves and (f) twigs of Diospyros castanea (Craib) Fletcher (DC). Methods The 50 % ethanol–water extracts were prepared from each plant sample. In vitro anticancer effects of six extracts on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) in terms of cytotoxicity were investigated by neutral red assay, apoptosis induction by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Normal Vero cells were tested for comparison and to determine cancer selectivity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the compounds in the extracts. Results The six crude extracts had different cytotoxicities and were classified into three groups based on their IC50 value and selectivity index (SI). DC (twig) crude extract had both a high cytotoxicity and SI toward HepG2 cells comparable to melphalan (P = 0.023). The crude extracts of DC (leaves), LC (twig), and BA (twig) had moderate cytotoxicity and a lower SI. Although all crude plant extracts induced apoptosis in more than 50 % of the DAPI-positive apoptotic HepG2 cells, only DC (twig) and LC (twig) showed laddering in the DNA fragmentation assay. 2-Palmitoylglycerol was the major compound common to both. Pyrogallol and lupeol were the major compounds in DC (twig) crude extract. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecenoic acid were the major compounds in LC (twig) crude extract, which had high toxicity but low selectivity. Conclusion Ethanolic extracts from DC and LC twigs induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cell line. Pyrogallol and lupeol in DC (twig) might be responsible for the cytotoxicity toward the HepG2 cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cholpajsorn Junhom
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Sahapat Barusrux
- Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Keowkase R, Weerapreeyakul N. Cratoxylum formosum Extract Protects against Amyloid-Beta Toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Planta Med 2016; 82:516-523. [PMID: 26845710 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, is toxic to neurons and causes cell death in the brain. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease, and there is strong evidence linking oxidative stress to amyloid-β. The herbal plant "Tiew kon" (Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum) is an indigenous vegetable that is grown in Southeast Asia. Many reports suggested that the twig extract from C. formosum possesses an antioxidant property. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of the twig extract from C. formosum against amyloid-β toxicity using the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. This study demonstrated that the extract significantly delayed amyloid-β-induced paralysis in the C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Using a genetic approach, we found that DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, heat shock factor 1, and SKN-1 (Nrf2 in mammals) were required for the extract-mediated delayed paralysis. The extract ameliorated oxidative stress by reducing the level of H2O2, which appeared to account for the protective action of the extract. The extract possesses antioxidant activity against juglone-induced oxidative stress as it was shown to increase survival of the stressed worms. In addition, C. formosum decreased the expression of the heat shock protein-16.2 gene which was induced by thermal stress, indicating its ability to reduce cellular stress. The results from this study support the C. elegans model in the search for disease-modifying agents to treat Alzheimer's disease and indicate the potential of the extract from C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum as a source for the development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roongpetch Keowkase
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Taechakulwanijya N, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S, Siriamornpun S. Apoptosis-inducing effects of jujube (Zǎo) seed extracts on human Jurkat leukemia T cells. Chin Med 2016; 11:15. [PMID: 27042202 PMCID: PMC4818408 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jujube (Zǎo) seeds exhibited anticancer effects and used in Chinese medicine for many years. This study aims to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of seed extracts from eight different cultivated species ('Apple', 'Bombay', 'Jumbo', 'Kaew', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros', and 'Taiwan') on human Jurkat leukemia T cells. METHODS We evaluated the effects of seed extracts from eight jujube cultivated species on human Jurkat leukemia T cells. The crude seed extracts were prepared sequentially by using water, 95 % ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform or hexane. The antiproliferative effects of the jujube seed extracts relative to that of melphalan were evaluated by neutral red assays. Apoptotic cell death induced by the ethanolic extracts at 1 × IC50 and 2 × IC50 concentrations was demonstrated by DAPI staining, gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 enzyme activities. RESULTS Ethanolic extracts of 'Taiwan', 'Jumbo', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros', and 'Bombay', significantly inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells compared with untreated cells (all P < 0.001), while the extracts of 'Kaew' and 'Apple' were inactive. The six active extracts preferentially induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner with DNA fragmentation (2 × IC50). Increased caspase-3 activity was detected after treatment with the six extracts. The 'Taiwan', 'Nomsod', 'Jumbo', and 'Rianthong' extracts (2 × IC50) induced both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways by increasing caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity, respectively. Alkaloids (Dragendorff's method) and reducing sugars (Fehling's test) were mainly identified in the apoptosis-inducing extracts. CONCLUSIONS The tested of six active extracts ('Taiwan', 'Jumbo', 'Nomsod', 'Rianthong', 'Samros' and 'Bombay') contained alkaloids or reducing sugars, and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human Jurkat leukemia T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahapat Barusrux
- Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Sirithorn Siriamornpun
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N. Sulforaphene and sulforaphane in commonly consumed cruciferous plants contributed to antiproliferation in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
36
|
Junhom C, Weerapreeyakul N, Tanthanuch W, Thumanu K. FTIR microspectroscopy defines early drug resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
37
|
Machana S, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. Anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:368-74. [PMID: 23569932 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anticancer activity of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). METHODS The anticancer activity was based on (a) the cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells (HepG2) assessed using a neutral red assay and (b) apoptosis induction determined by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was assessed by HPLC analysis. RESULTS The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) showed greater potential anticancer activity with high cytotoxicity [IC50 = (62.8 ± 7.3)µg/mL] and higher selectivity in HepG2 cells than normal Vero cells [selective index (SI) = 7.9]. The SI of EW-L was higher than the positive control, melphalan (SI = 1.6) and the apoptotic cells (46.4 ± 2.6) % induced by EW-L was higher than the melphalan (41.6 ± 2.1)% (P<0.05). The HPLC chromatogram of the EW-L revealed the presence of various kinds of polyphenolics and flavonoids in it. CONCLUSIONS P. evecta is a potential plant with anticancer activity. The isolation of pure compounds and determination of the bioactivity of individual compounds will be further performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasipawan Machana
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Plaimee P, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S, Johns NP. Melatonin potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:67-77. [PMID: 25580987 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Melatonin produces anti-cancer effects via several mechanisms, including by induction of apoptosis. In this way, it has been shown to be of use, in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, for cancer treatment. The study described here has evaluated effects of melatonin on cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, in human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-sensitive cell line (SK-LU-1), which previously had only limit data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells of the SK-LU-1 line were treated with melatonin alone at 1-5 mM concentration or cisplatin alone 10-200 μM, for 48 h in culture. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT reduction assay. Apoptosis induction was detected by annexin V/PI staining using flow cytometric analysis and DAPI nuclear staining. Change in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was quantified using DiOC6(3) reagent and activities of caspases-3/7 were also investigated. DNA fractions were measured using propidium iodide (PI) staining. RESULTS Melatonin or cisplatin alone had 50% (IC50 ) cytotoxicity at 5 mM or 34 μM concentrations respectively. Combination of 1 or 2 mM melatonin and cisplatin significantly augmented cytotoxicity of cisplatin by reducing its IC50 to 11 and 4 μM, respectively. Consistently, combined treatment increased population of apoptotic cells by elevating mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activating caspases-3/7 and inducing cell cycle arrest in the S phase, compared to treatment with cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that melatonin enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in SK-LU-1 lung cancer cells. SK-LU-1 cell population growth inhibition was mediated by cell cycle arrest in the S phase. These findings suggest that melatonin has the potential to be used for NSCLC treatment in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent such as cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Plaimee
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Machana S, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S, Thumanu K, Tanthanuch W. Synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta caused apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:589-96. [PMID: 23569977 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anticancer activity of the extract fraction of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep and the synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from P. evecta by using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. METHODS The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) was prepared and was further fractionated to isolate various fractions. The anticancer activity was investigated from cytotoxicity against HepG2 using a neutral red assay and apoptosis induction by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Synergistic anticancer effects of the extracts from P. evecta were performed using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy. RESULTS The result showed that the EW-L showed higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells than its fractionated extracts. The hexane extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction than the water extracts, but less than the EW-L. The combined water and hexane extracts apparently increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. The %apoptotic cells induced by the extract mixture were increased about 2-fold compared to the single hexane extract. CONCLUSIONS The polar extract fraction is necessary for the anticancer activity of the non-polar extract fraction. The ATR/FT-IR spectra illustrates the physical interaction among the constituents in the extract mixture and reveals the presence of polyphenolic constituents in the EW-L, which might play a role for the synergistic anticancer effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasipawan Machana
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Siriamornpun S, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. Bioactive compounds and health implications are better for green jujube fruit than for ripe fruit. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
41
|
Plaimee P, Weerapreeyakul N, Thumanu K, Tanthanuch W, Barusrux S. Melatonin induces apoptosis through biomolecular changes, in SK-LU-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:564-77. [PMID: 25345555 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anti-cancer effects of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, an indole-amine), have been widely reported, however, little has been known, regarding its mechanism(s) of action in lung cancer. Thus, we investigated its induction of apoptosis through biomolecular changes (lipid, protein and nucleic acid/DNA) in the SK-LU-1 human lung cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, and conventional methods, to confirm changes in lipid (annexin V/PI staining for membrane alteration), protein (caspase-3/7 protein activity) and DNA (DAPI staining for DNA fragmentation). RESULTS We observed from FTIR data that melatonin increased lipid content and reduced intensity of nucleic acid/DNA, confirmed by annexin V/PI and DAPI respectively. Secondary protein structure at 1656 cm(-1) (α-helix) was reduced and peak position of β-sheet structure (1637 cm(-1) ) was shifted to lower frequency. Alteration in apoptotic proteins was demonstrated via caspase-3/7 activity induction. CONCLUSIONS High melatonin concentration exerted anti-cancer effects by changing biomolecular structure of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, supporting its enhancement of apoptotic induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Plaimee
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Plaimee P, Khamphio M, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S, Johns NP. Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in SK-LU-1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:406-15. [PMID: 25053373 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anti-cancer potential of melatonin has been examined using a variety of experimental approaches. Melatonin immunomodulatory action was evaluated against the lung cancer cell line SK-LU-1, in co-culture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Melatonin was tested on the cell line only after 24 h incubation (direct effect), and on the co-culture system of SK-LU-1 and PBMC to investigate any indirect effect. Apoptotic induction of the cancer cells was assessed using annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometric analysis for membrane alteration. Intracellular superoxide anion (O2 (•-) ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) for intracellular oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) for intracellular anti-oxidation were measured with specific fluorescence probes. DNA fractions were measured employing propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining. RESULTS High doses of melatonin were directly toxic to SK-LU-1 cells, while PBMC-mediated indirect effect occurred after moderate doses (1 μm). Under co-culture conditions, increases in apoptotic cell death, increase in oxidative stress by reduction of GSH and cell cycle arrest in G0 /G1 in SK-LU-1 cells, were observed as the immunomodulatory effect of melatonin. CONCLUSION Melatonin had indirect effects on lung cancer cells by enhancement of immunomodulatory effects, but further studies of mechanism(s) involved are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Plaimee
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sangthong S, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. 795: Plausible extraction technique for cancer chemopreventive isothiocyanate compounds from the Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
44
|
Siriwarin B, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. 150: High selective cytotoxic activity of sesamol induced mitochondrialmediated apoptosis pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
45
|
Nonpanya A, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. 800: The effect of 50% hydroethanolic extract of Pinus kesiya on apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
46
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Srisayam M, Barusrux S. 806: Concentration dependent effect of sesamol on cell cycle arrest. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Junhom C, Siriwarin B, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. 210: Effect of sesamin, sesamolin and sesamol on P-glycoprotein mediated efflux. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
48
|
Srisayam M, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S, Kanokmedhakul K. Antioxidant, antimelanogenic, and skin-protective effect of sesamol. J Cosmet Sci 2014; 65:69-79. [PMID: 24797023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sesame contains high nutritional value and important bioactive lignans which are good for health-promoting effects including sesamol. Sesamol is found in trace amounts in sesame. The biological action from the trace amounts of sesamol found might indicate its efficacy. This paper presents a systematic study of the antimelanogenic and skin-protective effects (antioxidant) of sesamol and positive compounds. The results showed that sesamol had the most scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH·) radical with an IC50 value < 14.48 µM. The antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power value) of sesamol at a concentration of 0.1129 µM was 189.88 ± 17.56 µM FeSO4. Sesamol inhibited lipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 6.15 ± 0.2 µM. Moreover, sesamol possessed a whitening effect by inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase at an IC50 value of 1.6 µM and an inhibition of cellular tyrosinase with 23.55 ± 8.25% inhibition at a concentration of 217.2 µM. Sesamol exhibited high antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity compared to the positive control, kojic acid and β-arbutin. Sesamol from edible sesame seed could therefore have an alternative cosmeceutical purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montra Srisayam
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (M.S.), Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (K.K.)
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (M.S.), Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (K.K.)
| | - Sahapat Barusrux
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (M.S.), Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (K.K.)
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (M.S.), Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (N.W.), Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (S.B.), Faculty of Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pocasap P, Weerapreeyakul N, Barusrux S. Cancer preventive effect of Thai rat-tailed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef). J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
50
|
Weerapreeyakul N, Nonpunya A, Barusrux S, Thitimetharoch T, Sripanidkulchai B. Evaluation of the anticancer potential of six herbs against a hepatoma cell line. Chin Med 2012; 7:15. [PMID: 22682026 PMCID: PMC3502167 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Six herbs in the Plant Genetics Conservation Project that have been used as complementary medicines were chosen on the basis of their medicinal value, namely Terminalia mucronata, Diospyros winitii, Bridelia insulana, Artabotrys harmandii, Terminallia triptera, and Croton oblongifolius. This study aims to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of 50% ethanol-water extracts of these six herbs. Methods Fifty percent ethanol-water crude extracts of the six herbs were prepared. The cytotoxicity of the herbal extracts relative to that of melphalan was evaluated using a hepatoma cell line (HepG2), and examined by neutral red assays and apoptosis induction by gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry after 24 h. Results A significant difference was found between the cytotoxicity of the 50% ethanol-water crude extracts and melphalan (P = 0.000). The 50% ethanol-water crude extracts of all six herbs exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 100 to 500 μg/mL. The extract of T. triptera showed the highest cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 148.7 ± 12.3 μg/mL, while melphalan had an IC50 of 39.79 ± 7.62 μg/mL. The 50% ethanol-water crude extracts of D. winitii and T. triptera, but not A. harmandii, produced a DNA ladder. The 50% ethanol-water crude extracts of D. winitii, T. triptera, and A. harmandii induced apoptosis detected by flow cytometry. Conclusion The 50% ethanol-water crude extracts of D. winitii, T. triptera, and A. harmandii showed anticancer activity in vitro.
Collapse
|