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Liao XL, Cao CH, Gamble JH, Li LL, Jiang XY, Bo CX, Chen IH. Latent profile analysis of psychological needs thwarting in Chinese school teachers: longitudinal associations with problematic smartphone use, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1299929. [PMID: 38174075 PMCID: PMC10764027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1299929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In light of the significant impact that teachers have on education quality and student growth, their mental health warrants special attention. With the increasing popularity of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the rise of online teaching during the pandemic, teachers have become a group prone to developing problematic smartphone use (PSU). Psychological need thwarting (PNT) has been shown to be closely related to PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. However, most previous studies have adopted a variable-centered approach, which may overlook the possibility that the three basic needs are not closely associated and could form distinct profiles. Therefore, this study aims to apply latent profile analysis to identify different PNT profiles and their associations with PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. Methods A longitudinal survey was conducted using convenience and purposive sampling methods. The survey involved 1,642 primary and middle school teachers working in China over a two-month interval, with the first assessment in November 2021 (Time 1) and the second in January 2022 (Time 2). Results The results indicate that a three-profile model, intricately based on the PNT data gathered at Time 1, is most optimal: Class 1 is labeled as 'High autonomy-High competence and Moderate relatedness thwarting', Class 2 as 'High autonomy-High competence and High relatedness thwarting', and Class 3 as 'Low psychological needs thwarting'. Distinct associations were observed among the three profiles concerning PSU, psychological distress, and perceived administrative support. Specifically, in terms of PSU, the score of Class 2 was higher than Class 1, with that of Class 3 being the lowest at Time 1, while at Time 2 no significant difference was found between any two of these three groups; in terms of distress, the scores of the three profiles were arranged from high to low as Class 2, 1, and 3 at both time points; and in terms of perceived administrative support, the order was just the opposite, with 3, 1, and 2 from high to low at both Time 1 and Time 2. Conclusion Notably, the consistent ranking of the three classes in terms of psychological distress and administrative support suggests a lasting influence of PNT. Future studies should explore this enduring impact further by employing additional longitudinal data sets and examining potential mediators or moderators beyond the current study's scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Liao
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cui-Hong Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan, China
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- No.1 Senior High School, Xinjian District of Nanchang City, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Cun-Xu Bo
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Education Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
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Kamolthip R, Yang YN, Latner JD, O’Brien KS, Chang YL, Lin CC, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. The effect of time spent sitting and excessive gaming on the weight status, and perceived weight stigma among Taiwanese young adults. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14298. [PMID: 36938463 PMCID: PMC10018563 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors (i.e., longer sitting time and excessive gaming) increased because governments across the globe adopted stringent mitigation strategies such as social distancing and lockdowns to curb the spread of the virus. Excessive gaming was one of the coping mechanisms used to deal with the pressure associated with the pandemic. Moreover, perceived weight stigma (PWS) and weight status became more salient concerns among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between time spent sitting, excessive gaming, weight status, and PWS of Taiwanese Young adults. Additionally, weight status and PWS were examined as mediators between both sedentary behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 600 participants who were recruited through Taiwan universities. All participants completed a demographic questionnaire (including weight and height) and self-report measures including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), the Perceived Weight Stigma Scale (PWSS), and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-short form (IGDS9-SF). PROCESS model was performed to test the potential mediation roles of weight status and PWS. Moreover, we categorized participants into two groups based on the sitting-time item in the IPAQ-SF: students whose sitting time was less than 8 h daily, and those more than 8 h daily. Results The group that had less than 8 h had significantly higher PWS and IGDS9-SF scores than the other group. Sitting time was negatively associated with weight status, PWS, and IGDS9-SF. Additionally, we found a significantly direct effect between time spent sitting and excessive gaming. Both weight status and PWS were significant mediators in the association between time spent sitting and excessive gaming.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated important negative correlates of excessive sedentary behaviors. Prevention efforts should focus on promoting physical activity and providing information to decrease sedentary behavior among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruckwongpatr Kamolthip
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Janet D. Latner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kerry S. O’Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, No. 362, Zhongzheng Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei 23148, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, and Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd, Tainan 701401, Taiwan.
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Kadir A, Sunarno SDAM, Oktaviana A, Zulfah AF, Maharani CF, Santoso NT, Lestari F, Erwandi D, Dhesi SK. Factors Associated with Psychosocial Symptoms Experienced by Students in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multivariate Analysis. Inquiry 2023; 60:469580231155720. [PMID: 36803104 PMCID: PMC9939915 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231155720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted many sectors, including the education sector. After in-person school activities were suspended due to the pandemic, a number of educational institutions in Indonesia reported concerns in implementing online learning due to the institutions' unpreparedness. This issue may potentially induce mental health disorders among students and triggers long-term stress. This study aimed to examine factors linked to the psychosocial symptoms of anxiety, stress, and depression in response to the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study in Indonesia was conducted with 433 undergraduate and senior high school students aged 15 to 26 years old, both female and male. The self-reported symptoms were analyzed using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression methods. It was found that the percentage of participants with depression symptoms was 66%, while 61% and 43% participants experienced stress and anxiety respectively. The bivariate analysis presented strong correlations between anxiety and gender, learning duration and use of gadgets, internet expenses, and highly-interrupted learning. Furthermore, the multivariate regression revealed that only anxiety was significantly linked to internet expenses. This study indicates that many students are affected by COVID-19, the impacts of which manifest in psychosocial issues in the form of anxiety. We suggest that creating a supportive and positive family environment would help to alleviate some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kadir
- Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia,Abdul Kadir, Occupational Health and Safety Department, Faculty of Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nanda Trio Santoso
- Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB, Bouchard JP, Stiegler N. Facing Your Fear of COVID-19: Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Burnout in South African Teachers. Ann Med Psychol (Paris) 2023; 181:119-127. [PMID: 35573929 PMCID: PMC9091263 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Frontline workers have been distinctively impacted by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, as frontline employees in the educational system, had to contend with unprecedented changes to their work role, as well as new job demands coupled with insufficient resources and the effects of the pandemic on their personal lives. While some teachers struggled to cope and reported intense levels of fear of COVID-19 and burnout, others were able to adapt and experienced a sense of growth and accomplishment. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the role of resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among South African schoolteachers using a survey design. Materials and methods Schoolteachers in South Africa (n = 355) were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. Results The results showed a positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed a health-sustaining role for resilience as it had a significant direct effect on burnout. Resilience also partially mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on depersonalization as well as emotional exhaustion, and fully mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on personal accomplishment. Conclusions Our findings underscore that promoting individual- and institutional-level strategies to support teachers is necessary to build resilience, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Padmanabhanunni
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe Road, Belville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
| | - Tyrone B. Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe Road, Belville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouchard
- Institut psycho-judiciaire et de psychopathologie (IPJP), Institute of Forensic Psychology and Psychopathology, centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France,Unité pour malades difficiles (UMD), pôle de psychiatrie médico-légale (PPML), centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 10, avenue Joseph-Caussil, 33410 Cadillac, France,Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe road, Bellville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
| | - Nancy Stiegler
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe road, Bellville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
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Chen IH, Chen HP, Gamble JH, Liao XL, Chen XM, Yang YTC, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Evaluating a cross-lagged panel model between problematic internet use and psychological distress and cross-level mediation of school administrator support on problematic internet use: The serial mediating role of psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987366. [PMID: 36407990 PMCID: PMC9667893 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reduce the transmission of COVID-19, many teachers across the globe, including teachers in China, were required to teach online. This shift to online teaching can easily result in psychological need thwarting (PNT) of teachers' psychological basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), leaving them vulnerable to negative psychological outcomes. Resulting negative emotional state may lead to problematic internet use (PIU), which can lead to further psychological distress, forming a vicious cycle. Methods The present study was conducted using a cross-lagged panel model (with longitudinal data) and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) (with cross-sectional data). The aims were to investigate (i) the reciprocal relationships between two specific forms of PIU [problematic social media use (PSMU) and problematic gaming (PG)] and psychological distress among schoolteachers, and (ii) the influence of administrators' support on schoolteachers' PIU through a cross-level serial mediation model (PNT of online teaching was the first mediator and psychological distress was the second mediator affected by PNT of online teaching). Primary and secondary schoolteachers (N = 980; mean age = 34.76; 82.90% females) participated in two surveys (Time 1: mid-November 2021; Time 2: early-January 2022). Results Results indicated that (i) high psychological distress at Time 1 was associated with increased levels of PSMU and PG at Time 2. Inversely, PG at Time 1 was associated with increased psychological distress at Time 2, although PSMU at Time 1 did not have a significant influence on psychological distress at Time 2; (ii) during Time 1, increased administrative support contributed to alleviating teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching, thereby lowering their psychological distress which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in PG. Conclusion PG had a stronger negative influence on teachers' psychological distress than PSMU. To relieve teachers' PG, administrative support can alleviate teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Based on this finding, school managers must consider effective ways to support teachers during mandatory online teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Xiao ling Liao
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiu-Mei Chen
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Ya-Ting Carolyn Yang
- Institute of Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Ya-Ting Carolyn Yang
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Chung-Ying Lin
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González Gutiérrez JL, Écija Gallardo MC, Matías Pompa B, Alonso Fernández M, Pacho Hernández JC, López López A. Stressors and uplifts of confinement due to covid‐19: A longitudinal study on mental health in a sample of academic and administrative university staff in Spain. Stress Health 2022; 39:429-448. [PMID: 36075578 PMCID: PMC9538372 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 caused many countries to decide to enter full lockdown, a circumstance that impacted all aspects of life, including mental health. The present longitudinal study aimed to analyse how stressors and uplifts of confinement were linked to psychological symptoms at three different time points: during the full lockdown (wave 1), after the gradual lifting of restrictions (wave 2) and after confinement (wave 3). The sample was made up by one hundred and twenty academic and administrative staff from a big University in Spain, they all completed an online survey. Results showed that psychological status did not change over time, but a significant interindividual variability was found throughout. Some stressors were only linked to symptoms at wave 1, but others maintained their associations during waves 2 and 3. Uplifts were, for the most part, inversely (and exclusively) linked to symptoms at wave 1. However, some of them, although enjoyable, were paradoxically linked to worse mental health at wave 1, and even at waves 2 and 3. These findings highlight the importance of providing preventive psychological strategies for mental distress before, during and after confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borja Matías Pompa
- Departamento de PsicologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcónMadridSpain
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Chen IH, Chen XM, Liao XL, Zhao KY, Wei ZH, Lin CY, Gamble JH. Evaluating the immediate and delayed effects of psychological need thwarting of online teaching on Chinese primary and middle school teachers’ psychological well-being. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943449. [PMID: 36051193 PMCID: PMC9424862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the effects of mandatory online teaching, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, have widely reported low levels of satisfaction, unwillingness to continue online teaching, and negative impacts on the psychological well-being of teachers. Emerging research has highlighted the potential role of psychological need thwarting (PNT), in terms of autonomy, competence, and relatedness thwarting, resulting from online teaching. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and delayed (longitudinal) effects of PNT of online teaching on teachers’ well-being (including distress and burnout), intention to continue online teaching, and job satisfaction. Moreover, data collected from both cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys allowed for a systematic validation of an important instrument in the field of teacher psychology, the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale of Online Teaching (PNTSOT), in terms of longitudinal reliability and validity. The data reveal the usefulness of the construct of PNT in terms predicting and explaining teachers’ willingness to continue using online teaching as well as the degree of burnout after a period of 2 months, such that PNT is positively associated with burnout and negatively associated with willingness to continue online teaching. As such, the PNTSOT is recommended for future research evaluating the long-term psychological, affective, and intentional outcomes stemming from teachers’ PNT. Moreover, based on our findings that the impact from PNT of online teaching is persistent and long-term, we suggest that school leaders provide flexible and sustained professional development, model respectful and adaptive leadership, and create opportunities for mastery for the development of community of practice that can mitigate the thwarting of teachers’ autonomy, competence, and relatedness during times of uncertainty. Additionally, in terms of the psychometric properties of the PNTSOT instrument, our empirical findings demonstrate internal reliability, test–retest reliability, measurement invariance, and criterion validity (concurrent and predictive) based on cross-sectional and longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiu-mei Chen
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiao-ling Liao
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ke-Yun Zhao
- School of Communication, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wei
- Department of Development and Research, Shanghai Open University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chung-Ying Lin,
| | - Jeffrey Hugh Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
- Jeffrey Hugh Gamble, ;
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Papazis F, Avramidis E, Bacopoulou F. Greek teachers' resilience levels during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and its association with attitudes towards emergency remote teaching and perceived stress. Psychol Sch 2022; 60:PITS22709. [PMID: 35572178 PMCID: PMC9088383 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mandatory closure of schools due to the Covid-19 pandemic affected the mental health, and, by extension, the personal and professional life of teachers. This study explored their level of resilience during the pandemic and its association with attitudes towards emergency remote teaching and perceived stress. Data were collected through the administration of three self-report instruments: (a) the "Teachers' Professional Attitudes and Behaviors Scale", (b) the "Teachers' Resilience Scale", and (c) the "Perceived Stress Scale". The sample consisted of 1415 general teachers from central Greece. Teachers were found to possess neutral attitudes towards emergency remote teaching, moderate levels of resilience, and experienced slightly increased levels of stress. The examined constructs were largely influenced by some of the teachers' demographic and professional characteristics. Teachers' perceptions of resilience predicted their attitudes to emergency remote teaching and stress levels during the pandemic. The study has reaffirmed the importance of holding sufficient levels of resilience to cope with adverse circumstances and has offered clear directions about which groups of teachers are in most need for counselling and professional support so that their resilience is strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Papazis
- Department of Special EducationUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - Elias Avramidis
- Department of Special EducationUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- School of MedicineNational & Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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Chung GKK, Strong C, Chan YH, Chung RYN, Chen JS, Lin YH, Huang RY, Lin CY, Ko NY. Psychological Distress and Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations: Hong Kong General Population, Taiwan Healthcare Workers, and Taiwan Outpatients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:800962. [PMID: 35242778 PMCID: PMC8885588 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused psychological distress and changed human living styles. However, rare studies have examined the psychological distress and protective behaviors across different populations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess psychological distress, protective behaviors, and potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors across the Hong Kong general population, Taiwan healthcare workers, and Taiwan outpatients. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to recruit participants from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Telephone interviews were carried out for Hong Kong participants (n = 1,067; 30.2% male participants); online surveys were used for Taiwan healthcare workers (n = 500; 8.0% male participants) and Taiwan outpatients (n = 192; 32.8% male participants). All the participants completed questions on psychological distress and protective behaviors. Multiple linear regressions and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to explore the potential predictors of psychological distress and protective behaviors, respectively. RESULTS Hong Kong participants had significantly lower levels of psychological distress than Taiwan participants [mean (SD) = 0.16 (0.39) vs. 0.47 (0.59) in healthcare workers and 0.46 (0.65) in outpatients; p < 0.001]. Hong Kong participants (51.7%) and Taiwan outpatients had more people showing fear of COVID-19 (52.0%) than Taiwan healthcare providers (40.8%; p < 0.001). Moreover, Hong Kong participants engaged the most in protective behaviors, followed by Taiwan healthcare providers and Taiwan outpatients (p < 0.001). Moreover, being a female, fear of COVID-19 and worry about personal savings were associated with protective behaviors in general. CONCLUSIONS Despite the greater COVID-19 severity and fear of COVID-19 in Hong Kong, the general population in Hong Kong experienced less psychosocial distress with higher compliance to protective behaviors than the other groups in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yat-Hang Chan
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yi Huang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Mrayyan MT, Al-Atiyyat N, Abu Khait A, Al-Rawashdeh S, Algunmeeyn A, Abunab HY. Does cyberchondria predict Internet addiction among students during the COVID-19 pandemic? A web-based survey study. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:337-343. [PMID: 34978086 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has investigated the association of this phenomenon and Internet addiction. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted to elucidate the predictive associations among these concepts among students. OBJECTIVE This study reported students' cyberchondria and Internet addiction, and it examined whether cyberchondria predicts Internet addiction. MATERIAL AND METHODS During the COVID-19 pandemic, cross-sectional data were collected using a web survey from a convenience snowball sample of 143 students enrolled in e-learning courses at a governmental university. RESULTS A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. Moderate to high significant correlations were reported among the studied concepts and with the sample's characteristics. Cyberchondria and unavailability of the Internet at school were predictors of Internet addiction. IMPLICATIONS Healthcare providers, including nurses, should provide information that preserves students' mental health during stressful periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic and should offer clear instructions on stress and anxiety management during such times. A longer scale, especially for cyberchondria, is warranted in future research with a random and larger sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that cyberchondria serves as a predictor of Internet addiction, contrary to findings of previous studies. Various psychosocial interventions should always be initiated to help students prevent or address cyberchondria and Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd T Mrayyan
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sami Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Algunmeeyn
- Department of Advanced Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamza Yousef Abunab
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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