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Alonso-Pérez V, Hernández V, Calzado MA, Vicente-Blázquez A, Gajate C, Soler-Torronteras R, DeCicco-Skinner K, Sierra A, Mollinedo F. Suppression of metastatic organ colonization and antiangiogenic activity of the orally bioavailable lipid raft-targeted alkylphospholipid edelfosine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116149. [PMID: 38266621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic cancer is notoriously difficult to treat, and it accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The ether lipid edelfosine is the prototype of a family of synthetic antitumor compounds collectively known as alkylphospholipid analogs, and its antitumor activity involves lipid raft reorganization. In this study, we examined the effect of edelfosine on metastatic colonization and angiogenesis. Using non-invasive bioluminescence imaging and histological examination, we found that oral administration of edelfosine in nude mice significantly inhibited the lung and brain colonization of luciferase-expressing 435-Lung-eGFP-CMV/Luc metastatic cells, resulting in prolonged survival. In metastatic 435-Lung and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we found that edelfosine also inhibited cell adhesion to collagen-I and laminin-I substrates, cell migration in chemotaxis and wound-healing assays, as well as cancer cell invasion. In 435-Lung and other MDA-MB-435-derived sublines with different organotropism, edelfosine induced G2/M cell cycle accumulation and apoptosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Edelfosine also inhibited in vitro angiogenesis in human and mouse endothelial cell tube formation assays. The antimetastatic properties were specific to cancer cells, as edelfosine had no effects on viability in non-cancerous cells. Edelfosine accumulated in membrane rafts and endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells, and membrane raft-located CD44 was downregulated upon drug treatment. Taken together, this study highlights the potential of edelfosine as an attractive drug to prevent metastatic growth and organ colonization in cancer therapy. The raft-targeted drug edelfosine displays a potent activity against metastatic organ colonization and angiogenesis, two major hallmarks of tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alonso-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vanessa Hernández
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Molecular Oncology Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Soler-Torronteras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Angels Sierra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Molecular Oncology Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), E-08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona-FCRB, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Faculty of Health and Live Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Onwudiwe K, Burchett AA, Datta M. Mechanical and metabolic interplay in the brain metastatic microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932285. [PMID: 36059679 PMCID: PMC9436395 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective, we provide our insights and opinions about the contribution—and potential co-regulation—of mechanics and metabolism in incurable breast cancer brain metastasis. Altered metabolic activity can affect cancer metastasis as high glucose supply and demand in the brain microenvironment favors aerobic glycolysis. Similarly, the altered mechanical properties of disseminating cancer cells facilitate migration to and metastatic seeding of the brain, where local metabolites support their progression. Cancer cells in the brain and the brain tumor microenvironment often possess opposing mechanical and metabolic properties compared to extracranial cancer cells and their microenvironment, which inhibit the ease of extravasation and metastasis of these cells outside the central nervous system. We posit that the brain provides a metabolic microenvironment that mechanically reinforces the cellular structure of cancer cells and supports their metastatic growth while restricting their spread from the brain to external organs.
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Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a transcription factor with a basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper, has two isoforms, SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c, derived from the same gene for regulating the genes of lipogenesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Importantly, SREBP-1 participates in metabolic reprogramming of various cancers and has been a biomarker for the prognosis or drug efficacy for the patients with cancer. In this review, we first introduced the structure, activation, and key upstream signaling pathway of SREBP-1. Then, the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of SREBP-1-regulated lipogenesis in various types of cancer, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and hepatocellular cancer, were summarized. We also discussed potential therapies targeting the SREBP-1-regulated pathway by small molecules, natural products, or the extracts of herbs against tumor progression. This review could provide new insights in understanding advanced findings about SREBP-1-mediated lipogenesis in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
| | - Guan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyu Lin, ; Guan Wang,
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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Kc RB, Uludağ H. Linoleic Acid-Substituted Polyethyleneimine to Silence Heat Shock Protein 90B1 (HSP90B1) to Inhibit Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3419. [PMID: 35373897 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death in women and the lack of treatment options for distant metastasis warrants the need to identify and develop more effective approaches. The aim of this study was to identify and validate targets that are associated with the survival and migration of the breast cancer cells in vitro through RNA interference (RNAi) approach. METHODS Linoleic acid modified polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer was used to screen a siRNA library against numerous cell adhesion and cytoskeleton genes in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cell line and the functional outcome of silencing was determined by growth and migration inhibition with further target validation studies. RESULTS Heat shock protein 90B1 (HSP90B1) was identified as a crucial gene which is known to be involved in various breast cancer machineries, including uncontrolled proliferation and brain metastasis. The success of this approach was also due to the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) additive in lipopolymer complexes that showed a profound impact in reducing the cell viability (~50%), migration (~40%), and mRNA transcript levels (~80%) with a physiologically relevant siRNA concentration of 60 nM. The use of dicer-substrate siRNA proved to be beneficial in target silencing and a combinational treatment of integrin-β1 (ITGB1) and HSP90B1 was effective in reducing the migration of the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potential to identify and silence targets using lipid modified PEI/siRNA system and highlight the importance of HSP90B1 in the growth and migration of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remant Bahadur Kc
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, U. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, U. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, U. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, U. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Santana-Codina N, Muixí L, Foj R, Sanz-Pamplona R, Badia-Villanueva M, Abramowicz A, Marcé-Grau A, Cosialls AM, Gil J, Archilla I, Pedrosa L, Gonzalez J, Aldecoa I, Sierra A. GRP94 promotes brain metastasis by engaging pro-survival autophagy. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:652-664. [PMID: 31637425 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRP94 is a glucose-regulated protein critical for survival in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Expression of GRP94 is associated with cellular transformation and increased tumorigenicity in breast cancer. Specifically, overexpression of GRP94 predicts brain metastasis (BM) in breast carcinoma patients with either triple negative or ErbB2 positive tumors. The aim of this study was to understand if microenvironmental regulation of GRP94 expression might be a hinge orchestrating BM progression. METHODS GRP94 ablation was performed in a BM model BR-eGFP-CMV/Luc-V5CA1 (BRV5CA1) of breast cancer. In vitro results were validated in a dataset of 29 metastases in diverse organs from human breast carcinomas and in BM tissue from tumors of different primary origin. BM patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were used to test sensitivity to the therapeutic approach. RESULTS BMs that overexpress GRP94 as well as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 are more resistant to glucose deprivation by induction of anti-apoptotic proteins (B-cell lymphoma 2 and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) and engagement of pro-survival autophagy. GRP94 ablation downregulated autophagy in tumor cells, resulting in increased BM survival in vivo. These results were validated in a metastasis dataset from human patients, suggesting that targeting autophagy might be strategic for BM prevention. Indeed, hydroxychloroquine treatment of preclinical models of BM from PDX exerts preventive inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We show that GRP94 is directly implicated in BM establishment by activating pro-survival autophagy. Disruption of this compensatory fueling route might prevent metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Muixí
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Foj
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Badia-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Center of Biomedical Research-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agata Abramowicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Marcé-Grau
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María Cosialls
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell, Bellvitge Medical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Oncobell, Bellvitge Medical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Archilla
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS Advances in Neurosurgery Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Pathology Department, Center of Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Center of Biomedical Research-August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Social Studies Center (CESS), University of Vic‒Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
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6
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Ferraro GB, Ali A, Luengo A, Kodack DP, Deik A, Abbott KL, Bezwada D, Blanc L, Prideaux B, Jin X, Posada JM, Chen J, Chin CR, Amoozgar Z, Ferreira R, Chen IX, Naxerova K, Ng C, Westermark AM, Duquette M, Roberge S, Lindeman NI, Lyssiotis CA, Nielsen J, Housman DE, Duda DG, Brachtel E, Golub TR, Cantley LC, Asara JM, Davidson SM, Fukumura D, Dartois VA, Clish CB, Jain RK, Vander Heiden MG. FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS IS REQUIRED FOR BREAST CANCER BRAIN METASTASIS. Nat Cancer 2021; 2:414-428. [PMID: 34179825 PMCID: PMC8223728 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases are refractory to therapies that control systemic disease in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) breast cancer, and the brain microenvironment contributes to this therapy resistance. Nutrient availability can vary across tissues, therefore metabolic adaptations required for brain metastatic breast cancer growth may introduce liabilities that can be exploited for therapy. Here, we assessed how metabolism differs between breast tumors in brain versus extracranial sites and found that fatty acid synthesis is elevated in breast tumors growing in brain. We determine that this phenotype is an adaptation to decreased lipid availability in brain relative to other tissues, resulting in a site-specific dependency on fatty acid synthesis for breast tumors growing at this site. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) reduces HER2+ breast tumor growth in the brain, demonstrating that differences in nutrient availability across metastatic sites can result in targetable metabolic dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alba Luengo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David P Kodack
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keene L Abbott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Landry Blanc
- The Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux, France
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- The Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Posada
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivy X Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Ng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Westermark
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Duquette
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Roberge
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David E Housman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Brachtel
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lewis Sigler Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Véronique A Dartois
- The Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ibrahim O, Toner M, Flint S, Byrne HJ, Lyng FM. The Potential of Raman Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Dysplastic and Malignant Oral Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:619. [PMID: 33557195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raman spectroscopy, a light scattering technique that provides the biochemical fingerprint of a sample, was used on samples taken from patients with cancer and precancerous lesions. This information was then used to build a classifier to identify cancer and the precancerous phases. The ability to distinguish cancerous tissue from normal and precancerous tissue is diagnostically crucial as it can alter the patients’ prognosis and management. Moreover, as cellular changes are often present at the tumour margin, the ability to distinguish these changes from cancer can help in preserving more of the tissue and maintaining aesthetics and functionality for the patient. Abstract Early diagnosis, treatment and/or surveillance of oral premalignant lesions are important in preventing progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The current gold standard is through histopathological diagnosis, which is limited by inter- and intra-observer errors and sampling errors. The objective of this work was to use Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between benign, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia and OSCC in formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissues. The study included 72 different pathologies from which 17 were benign lesions, 20 mildly dysplastic, 20 moderately dysplastic, 10 severely dysplastic and 5 invasive OSCC. The glass substrate and paraffin wax background were digitally removed and PLSDA with LOPO cross-validation was used to differentiate the pathologies. OSCC could be differentiated from the other pathologies with an accuracy of 70%, while the accuracy of the classifier for benign, moderate and severe dysplasia was ~60%. The accuracy of the classifier was lowest for mild dysplasia (~46%). The main discriminating features were increased nucleic acid contributions and decreased protein and lipid contributions in the epithelium and decreased collagen contributions in the connective tissue. Smoking and the presence of inflammation were found to significantly influence the Raman classification with respective accuracies of 76% and 94%.
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8
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Maiti A, Hait NC. Autophagy-mediated tumor cell survival and progression of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. J Cancer 2021; 12:954-964. [PMID: 33442395 PMCID: PMC7797661 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a substantial amount of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer (BC). Metastatic breast tumor cells committed to brain metastases are unique because they escape immune surveillance, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and also adapt to the brain tissue microenvironment (TME) for colonization and outgrowth. In addition, dynamic intracellular interactions between metastatic cancer cells and neighboring astrocytes in the brain are thought to play essential roles in brain tumor progression. A better understanding of the above mechanisms will lead to developing more effective therapies for brain metastases. Growing literature suggests autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway involved in cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions, plays essential roles in breast tumor metastatic transformation and brain metastases. Cancer cells must adapt under various microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia, and nutrient (glucose) deprivation, in order to survive and progress. Clinical studies reveal that tumoral expression of autophagy-related proteins is higher in brain metastasis compared to primary breast tumors. In this review, we outline the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy-mediated BC cell survival and metastasis to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Maiti
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Nitai C. Hait
- Division of Breast Surgery and Department of Surgical Oncology, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
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9
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Santana-Codina N, Gonzalez J, Sierra A. Reply to Letter to the Editor. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:734-735. [PMID: 32219414 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBAPS Advances in Neurosurgery Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Sierra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Cellex Biomedical Research Center-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski P. Metastases to the central nervous system: Molecular basis and clinical considerations. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116755. [PMID: 32120132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic tumors are the most common malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. CNS metastases are associated with unfavorable prognosis, high morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer is the most common source of brain metastases, followed by breast cancer and melanoma. Rising incidence is primarily due to improvements in systemic control of primary malignancies, prolonged survival and advances in cancer detection. PURPOSE To provide an overview of the metastatic cascade and the role of angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, metabolic adaptations, and clinical details about brain metastases from different primary tumors. METHODS A review of the literature on brain metastases was conducted, focusing on the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. PubMed was used to search for relevant articles published from January 1975 through December 2019 using the keywords brain metabolism, brain metastasis, metastatic cascade, molecular mechanisms, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. 146 articles met the criteria and were included in this review. DISCUSSION Some primary tumors have a higher tendency to metastasize to the CNS. Establishing a suitable metastatic microenvironment is important in maintaining tumor cell growth and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Available treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and systemic targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of metastases to the CNS remains a difficult challenge. Advances in screening of high-risk patients and future development of novel treatments may improve patient outcomes.
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