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Dashti P, Lewallen EA, Gordon JAR, Montecino MA, Davie JR, Stein GS, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Wijnen AJ. Epigenetic regulators controlling osteogenic lineage commitment and bone formation. Bone 2024; 181:117043. [PMID: 38341164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone formation and homeostasis are controlled by environmental factors and endocrine regulatory cues that initiate intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating gene expression in the nucleus. Bone-related gene expression is controlled by nucleosome-based chromatin architecture that limits the accessibility of lineage-specific gene regulatory DNA sequences and sequence-specific transcription factors. From a developmental perspective, bone-specific gene expression must be suppressed during the early stages of embryogenesis to prevent the premature mineralization of skeletal elements during fetal growth in utero. Hence, bone formation is initially inhibited by gene suppressive epigenetic regulators, while other epigenetic regulators actively support osteoblast differentiation. Prominent epigenetic regulators that stimulate or attenuate osteogenesis include lysine methyl transferases (e.g., EZH2, SMYD2, SUV420H2), lysine deacetylases (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC7, SIRT1, SIRT3), arginine methyl transferases (e.g., PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1, PRMT5), dioxygenases (e.g., TET2), bromodomain proteins (e.g., BRD2, BRD4) and chromodomain proteins (e.g., CBX1, CBX2, CBX5). This narrative review provides a broad overview of the covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins that involve hundreds of enzymes that add, read, or delete these epigenetic modifications that are relevant for self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal stem cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Martin A Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Aimaretti E, Porchietto E, Mantegazza G, Gargari G, Collotta D, Einaudi G, Ferreira Alves G, Marzani E, Algeri A, Dal Bello F, Aragno M, Cifani C, Guglielmetti S, Mastrocola R, Collino M. Anti-Glycation Properties of Zinc-Enriched Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Contribute to Prevention of Metaflammation in a Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:552. [PMID: 38398877 PMCID: PMC10892558 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exert a key pathogenic role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Thanks to its abundance in bioactive compounds, the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, SP) is proposed as a nutritional supplement. Here, we investigated the potential anti-glycating properties of SP enriched with zinc (Zn-SP) and the following impact on diet-induced metabolic derangements. Thirty male C57Bl6 mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 12 weeks, and a subgroup of HFHS mice received 350 mg/kg Zn-SP three times a week. A HFHS diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transaminases. Zn-SP administration restored glucose homeostasis and reduced hepatic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. In the liver of HFHS mice, a robust accumulation of AGEs was detected, paralleled by increased expression of the main AGE receptor (RAGE) and depletion of glyoxalase-1, whereas Zn-SP administration efficiently prevented these alterations reducing local pro-inflammatory responses. 16S rRNA gene profiling of feces and ileum content revealed altered bacterial community structure in HFHS mice compared to both SD and HFHS + Zn-SP groups. Overall, our study demonstrates relevant anti-glycation properties of Zn-SP which contribute to preventing AGE production and/or stimulate AGE detoxification, leading to the improvement of diet-related dysbiosis and metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aimaretti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisa Porchietto
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Giacomo Mantegazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Giacomo Einaudi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Enrica Marzani
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessandro Algeri
- Italian Union of Biological Spirulin (Unione Spirulina Biologica Italiana, USBI), Curtatone (Mantova), 46010 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.P.); (G.E.); (G.F.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences (BtBs), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.A.); (M.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (E.M.)
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Choukroun E, Parnot M, Surmenian J, Gruber R, Cohen N, Davido N, Simonpieri A, Savoldelli C, Afota F, El Mjabber H, Choukroun J. Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System-A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:191. [PMID: 38391677 PMCID: PMC10886049 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the evidence of a significant communication and connection pathway between the bone and immune systems, a new science has emerged: osteoimmunology. Indeed, the immune system has a considerable impact on bone health and diseases, as well as on bone formation during grafts and its stability over time. Chronic inflammation induces the excessive production of oxidants. An imbalance between the levels of oxidants and antioxidants is called oxidative stress. This physio-pathological state causes both molecular and cellular damage, which leads to DNA alterations, genetic mutations and cell apoptosis, and thus, impaired immunity followed by delayed or compromised wound healing. Oxidative stress levels experienced by the body affect bone regeneration and maintenance around teeth and dental implants. As the immune system and bone remodeling are interconnected, bone loss is a consequence of immune dysregulation. Therefore, oral tissue deficiencies such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis should be regarded as immune diseases. Bone management strategies should include both biological and surgical solutions. These protocols tend to improve immunity through antioxidant production to enhance bone formation and prevent bone loss. This narrative review aims to highlight the relationship between inflammation, oxidation, immunity and bone health in the oral cavity. It intends to help clinicians to detect high-risk situations in oral surgery and to propose biological and clinical solutions that will enhance patients' immune responses and surgical treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Franck Afota
- Private Practice, 06000 Nice, France
- Head and Neck Institute, CHU, 06000 Nice, France
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Lei X, Xu Z, Huang L, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Liu D. The potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332567. [PMID: 38273825 PMCID: PMC10808166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular energetic metabolism, intracellular signaling orchestration and programmed death regulation. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various pathogeneses. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury are coordinated by mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy, which are collectively referred to as mitochondrial quality control. There is increasing evidence that mitochondria are important targets for melatonin to exert protective effects under pathological conditions. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported and metabolized in mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the important role of melatonin in the damaged mitochondria elimination and mitochondrial energy supply recovery by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which may provide new strategies for clinical treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Cai M, Chen Y, Lin Y, Hu Z, Li L, Huang H, Lin J. SIRT1 Asn346 sugar chain promoting collagen deacetylation protective effect on osteoblasts under stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:148-155. [PMID: 37806254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Silencing type information regulator homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylases, which is the convergence point of important physiological processes in vivo, namely, osteoblast aging, energy metabolism, and bone remodeling. To verify whether the O-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of SIRT1 in the nucleus of osteoblasts enhances its deacetylase activity under stress and protects osteoblasts through the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway by collagen deacetylation. The R language and online data research identified SIRT1 as being involved in bone metabolism. Enrichment analysis showed that SIRT1 is involved in osteoblast transcription, apoptosis, and deacetylation pathways. Interactive Immuno-blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that SIRT1 and O-glycosylation catalytic enzyme (OGT) were localized in the nucleus. Mass Spectrometry analysis showed that O-glycosylation occurred on the asparagine at the 346th position of SIRT1, and N346th was located in the central domain of SIRT1. Furthermore, the protein structure analysis of PyMol also proved that the OGT binding region was in the central domain of SIRT1. Under physiological conditions, both wtSIRT1 and SIRT1N346R can inhibit RANKL-mediated transcriptional activation. The RT-PCR detection results showed that wtSIRT1 reduced RANKL transcription under the conditions of apoptotic agent treatment. The finding that SIRT1 can regulate the physiological process of bone remodeling through the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway in osteoblasts under stress. The O-glycosylation and deacetylation activity of SIRT1 significantly increased, regulating the balance between osteoblast survival and apoptosis by deacetylation of key proteins such as RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaoqi Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangjie Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhi Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianli Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Matysek A, Sun L, Kimmantudawage SP, Feng L, Maier AB. Targeting impaired nutrient sensing via the sirtuin pathway with novel compounds to prevent or treat dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102029. [PMID: 37549873 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is prevalent in aged populations and is associated with disability and distress for those affected. Therapeutic benefits of drugs targeting dementia are small. Impaired nutrient sensing pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia and may offer a novel treatment target. AIMS This systematic review collated evidence for novel therapeutic compounds that modify nutrient sensing pathways, particularly the sirtuin pathway, in preventing cognitive decline or improving cognition in normal ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched using key search terms. Articles were screened using Covidence systematic review software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool v 2.0 for human studies. RESULTS Out of 3841 articles, 68 were included describing 38 different novel therapeutic compounds that modulate the nutrient sensing pathway via the sirtuin pathway. In animal models (58 studies), all investigated novel therapeutic compounds showed cognitive benefits. Ten studies were human intervention trials targeting normal ageing (1 study) and dementia populations (9 studies). Direct sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (SIRT1) activators Resveratrol and Nicotinamide derivatives improved cognitive outcomes among human subjects with normal cognition and MCI. CONCLUSION Animal studies support that modulation of the sirtuin pathway has the potential to improve cognitive outcomes. Overall, there is a clear lack of translation from animal models to human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Matysek
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | | | - Lei Feng
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Guan W, Gao H, Sun S, Zheng T, Wu L, Wang X, Huang R, Li G. Multi-scale, multi-level anisotropic silk fibroin/metformin scaffolds for repair of peripheral nerve injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125518. [PMID: 37353122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) as a natural polymer has a long history of application in various regenerative medicine fields, but there are still many shortcomings in silk fibroin for using as nerve scaffolds, which limit its clinical application in peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). In this work, a multi-scale and multi-level metformin (MF)-loaded silk fibroin scaffold with anisotropic micro-nano composite topology was prepared by micromolding electrospinning for accelerating PNR. The scaffolds were characterized for morphology, wettability, mechanical properties, degradability, and drug release, and Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were cultured on the scaffolds to assess their effects on neural cell behavior. Finally, the gene expression differences of neural cells cultured on scaffolds were analyzed by gene sequencing and RT-qPCR to explore the possible signaling pathways and mechanisms. The results showed that the scaffolds had excellent mechanical properties and hydrophilicity, slow degradation rate and drug release rate, which were enough to support the repair of peripheral nerve injury for a long time. In Vitro cell experiments showed that the scaffolds could significantly promote the orientation of SCs and axons extension of DRG. Gene sequencing and RT-qPCR revealed that the scaffolds could up-regulate the expression of genes related to SCs proliferation, adhesion, migration, and myelination. In summary, the scaffolds hold great potential for promoting PNR at the micro/nano multiscale and physical/chemical levels and show promising application for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Guan
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Linliang Wu
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Suzhou Simatech CO.,LTD., Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Zhejiang Silkseekers Biotechnology CO., LTD., Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Cao J, Wang Y, Anwar N, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Xiao L, Wang X. The role of autophagy in bone metabolism and clinical significance. Autophagy 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36858962 PMCID: PMC10392742 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2186112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is the basis of the vertebral body composition, which affords stabilization sites for muscle attachment, protects vital organs, stores mineral ions, supplies places to the hematopoietic system, and participates in complex endocrine and immune system. Not surprisingly, bones are constantly reabsorbed, formed, and remodeled under physiological conditions. Once bone metabolic homeostasis is interrupted (including inflammation, tumors, fractures, and bone metabolic diseases), the body rapidly initiates bone regeneration to maintain bone tissue structure and quality. Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential metabolic process in eukaryotic cells, which maintains metabolic energy homeostasis and plays a vital role in bone regeneration by controlling molecular degradation and organelle renewal. One relatively new observation is that mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and vascularization process exhibit autophagy, and the molecular mechanisms and targets involved are being explored and updated. The role of autophagy is also emerging in degenerative diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD], osteoarthritis [OA], etc.) and bone metabolic diseases (osteoporosis [OP], osteitis deformans, osteosclerosis). The use of autophagy regulators to modulate autophagy has benefited bone regeneration, including MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) inhibitors, AMPK activators, and emerging phytochemicals. The application of biomaterials (especially nanomaterials) to trigger autophagy is also an attractive research direction, which can exert superior therapeutic properties from the material-loaded molecules/drugs or the material's properties such as shape, roughness, surface chemistry, etc. All of these have essential clinical significance with the discovery of autophagy associated signals, pathways, mechanisms, and treatments in bone diseases in the future.Abbreviations: Δψm: mitochondrial transmembrane potential AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ARO: autosomal recessive osteosclerosis ATF4: activating transcription factor 4 ATG: autophagy-related β-ECD: β-ecdysone BMSC: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ER: endoplasmic reticulum FOXO: forkhead box O GC: glucocorticoid HIF1A/HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha HSC: hematopoietic stem cell HSP: heat shock protein IGF1: insulin like growth factor 1 IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta IVDD: intervertebral disc degradation LPS: lipopolysaccharide MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase MSC: mesenchymal stem cell MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase NP: nucleus pulposus NPWT: negative pressure wound therapy OA: osteoarthritis OP: osteoporosis PTH: parathyroid hormone ROS: reactive oxygen species SIRT1: sirtuin 1 SIRT3: sirtuin 3 SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1 TNFRSF11B/OPG: TNF receptor superfamily member 11b TNFRSF11A/RANK: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a TNFSF11/RANKL: tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 TSC1: tuberous sclerosis complex 1 ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadia Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Song P, Chen T, Rui S, Duan X, Deng B, Armstrong DG, Ma Y, Deng W. Canagliflozin promotes osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 differentiation via AMPK/RUNX2 and improves bone microarchitecture in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1081039. [PMID: 36589840 PMCID: PMC9800613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone metabolic disorders and bone fracture due to disease progression and clinical treatment. The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, now greatly prescribed for the treatment of T2DM, on bone metabolism is not clear. This study aimed to explore the possible influence of bone metabolic disorder and the underlying mechanism through a comparison of three different SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) in the treatment of type 2 diabetic mice. For the in vivo experiments, four groups (DM, DM+Cana, DM+Dapa, and DM+Empa) were established using micro-CT to detect the bone microarchitecture and bone-related parameters. The study results indicated that canagliflozin, but not dapagliflozin or empagliflozin, increased bone mineral density (p<0.05) and improved bone microarchitecture in type 2 diabetic mice. Furthermore, canagliflozin promoted osteoblast differentiation at a concentration of 5 μM under high glucose concentration (HG). Phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α (Thr172) has been confirmed to activate run-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) to perform this function. This effect can be partially reversed by the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (compound C) and strengthened by the AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) in vitro. The level trend of RUNX2 and p-AMPK in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. This study suggested that canagliflozin played a beneficial role in bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice compared with dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. It provides some theoretical support for the chosen drugs, especially for patients with osteoporosis or a high risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunli Rui
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - David G. Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuquan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu M, Zhao Z, Xu HHK, Dai Z, Yu K, Xiao L, Schneider A, Weir MD, Oates TW, Bai Y, Zhang K. Effects of Metformin Delivery via Biomaterials on Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach that uses seed-cell-scaffold drug delivery systems to reconstruct bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or other diseases (e.g., periodontitis). Metformin, a widely used medication for type II diabetes, has the ability to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis by promoting cell migration and differentiation. Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and bone defect regeneration via activation of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Bone tissue engineering depends highly on vascular networks for adequate oxygen and nutrition supply. Metformin also enhances vascular differentiation via the AMPK/mechanistic target of the rapamycin kinase (mTOR)/NLR family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling axis. This is the first review article on the effects of metformin on stem cells and bone tissue engineering. In this paper, we review the cutting-edge research on the effects of metformin on bone tissue engineering. This includes metformin delivery via tissue engineering scaffolds, metformin-induced enhancement of various types of stem cells, and metformin-induced promotion of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and its regulatory pathways. In addition, the dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications of metformin in bone repair and regeneration are also discussed.
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Puca F, Fedele M, Rasio D, Battista S. Role of Diet in Stem and Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158108. [PMID: 35897685 PMCID: PMC9330301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle factors greatly affect health and susceptibility to diseases, including cancer. Stem cells’ functions, including their ability to divide asymmetrically, set the rules for tissue homeostasis, contribute to health maintenance, and represent the entry point of cancer occurrence. Stem cell properties result from the complex integration of intrinsic, extrinsic, and systemic factors. In this context, diet-induced metabolic changes can have a profound impact on stem cell fate determination, lineage specification and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the multiple “non-metabolic” effects of diet on stem cell functions, including little-known effects such as those on liquid-liquid phase separation and on non-random chromosome segregation (asymmetric division). A deep understanding of the specific dietetic requirements of normal and cancer stem cells may pave the way for the development of nutrition-based targeted therapeutic approaches to improve regenerative and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Puca
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 78705, USA;
- Department of Oncology, IRBM Science Park SpA, 00071 Pomezia, Italy
| | - Monica Fedele
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Debora Rasio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Battista
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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