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Hedayati R, Yousefi A, Dezaki ML, Bodaghi M. Analytical relationships for 2D Re-entrant auxetic metamaterials: An application to 3D printing flexible implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105938. [PMID: 37263172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Both 2D and 3D re-entrant designs are among the well-known prevalent auxetic structures exhibiting negative Poisson's ratio. The present study introduces novel analytical relationships for 2D re-entrant hexagonal honeycombs for both negative and positive ranges of the cell interior angle θ (θ<0 showing a negative Poisson's ratio). The derived analytical solutions are validated against finite element method (FEM) and experimental results. The results show that, compared to the analytical solutions available in the literature, the analytical relationships presented in this study provide the most accurate results for elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and yield stress. The analytical/computational tools are then implemented for designing Kinesio taping (KT) structures applicable to treatment of Achilles tendon injuries. One of the main features of the Achilles tendon is a natural auxetic behavior. Poisson's ratio distribution of an Achilles tendon is obtained using longitudinal and transverse strains and are then used to design and 3D print thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) KT structures with non-uniform distribution of auxetic unit cells. The presented novel KT shows that it is capable of replicating the deformation and global and local Poisson's ratio distributions, similar to those of the Achilles tendon. Due to the absence of similar formulations and procedures in the literature, the results are expected to be instrumental for designing and 3D printing of flexible implants with unusual auxeticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hedayati
- Department of Aerospace Materials and Structures (ASM), Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Kluyverweg 1, 2629, HS, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Armin Yousefi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mohammadreza Lalegani Dezaki
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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2
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Hong H, Hu M, Dai L. Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Hierarchical Resin Honeycomb by 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:19. [PMID: 33374746 PMCID: PMC7794928 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, surface projection micron stereo-lithography technology (PμSL) by 3D printing was used to prepare two resin honeycomb materials with different levels, and the mechanical behavior of these materials was studied. The quasi-static compression experiment and the dynamic compression experiment were carried out on the samples using the in situ micro-compression testing machine and the Split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) experimental equipment. The stress–strain curves of these materials at different strain rates were obtained, and the energy absorption characteristic of materials with two different levels were analyzed. This article reveals that the collapse strength and energy absorption properties of the materials are related to the hierarchical level of honeycomb. Multi-level hierarchical honeycomb (MHH) has higher collapse strength and better energy absorption properties than single-level hierarchical honeycomb (SHH). It turned out that increasing the hierarchical level of honeycomb could improve the mechanical properties of the materials. In the future development of products, the mechanical properties of hierarchical material by 3D printing can be further optimized through changing the level of the fractal structure.
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Płatek P, Rajkowski K, Cieplak K, Sarzyński M, Małachowski J, Woźniak R, Janiszewski J. Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092120. [PMID: 32957601 PMCID: PMC7569865 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this article is the analysis of the deformation process of regular cell structures under quasi-static load conditions. The methodology used in the presented investigations included a manufacturability study, strength tests of the base material as well as experimental and numerical compression tests of developed regular cellular structures. A regular honeycomb and four variants with gradually changing topologies of different relative density values have been successfully designed and produced in the TPU-Polyflex flexible thermoplastic polyurethane material using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Based on the results of performed technological studies, the most productive and accurate 3D printing parameters for the thermoplastic polyurethane filament were defined. It has been found that the 3D printed Polyflex material is characterised by a very high flexibility (elongation up to 380%) and a non-linear stress-strain relationship. A detailed analysis of the compression process of the structure specimens revealed that buckling and bending were the main mechanisms responsible for the deformation of developed structures. The Finite Element (FE) method and Ls Dyna software were used to conduct computer simulations reflecting the mechanical response of the structural specimens subjected to a quasi-static compression load. The hyperelastic properties of the TPU material were described with the Simplified Rubber Material (SRM) constitutive model. The proposed FE models, as well as assumed initial boundary conditions, were successfully validated. The results obtained from computer simulations agreed well with the data from the experimental compression tests. A linear relationship was found between the relative density and the maximum strain energy value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Płatek
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-839-657
| | - Kamil Rajkowski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Kamil Cieplak
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Marcin Sarzyński
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Małachowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Woźniak
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jacek Janiszewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. S. Kaliskiego Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (K.C.); (M.S.); (R.W.); (J.J.)
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Abstract
Meta-biomaterials are designer biomaterials with unusual and even unprecedented properties that primarily originate from their geometrical designs at different (usually smaller) length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Delft 2628 CD
- The Netherlands
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Kim MK, Kantarcigil C, Kim B, Baruah RK, Maity S, Park Y, Kim K, Lee S, Malandraki JB, Avlani S, Smith A, Sen S, Alam MA, Malandraki G, Lee CH. Flexible submental sensor patch with remote monitoring controls for management of oropharyngeal swallowing disorders. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaay3210. [PMID: 31853500 PMCID: PMC6910838 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Successful rehabilitation of oropharyngeal swallowing disorders (i.e., dysphagia) requires frequent performance of head/neck exercises that primarily rely on expensive biofeedback devices, often only available in large medical centers. This directly affects treatment compliance and outcomes, and highlights the need to develop a portable and inexpensive remote monitoring system for the telerehabilitation of dysphagia. Here, we present the development and preliminarily validation of a skin-mountable sensor patch that can fit on the curvature of the submental (under the chin) area noninvasively and provide simultaneous remote monitoring of muscle activity and laryngeal movement during swallowing tasks and maneuvers. This sensor patch incorporates an optimal design that allows for the accurate recording of submental muscle activity during swallowing and is characterized by ease of use, accessibility, reusability, and cost-effectiveness. Preliminary studies on a patient with Parkinson's disease and dysphagia, and on a healthy control participant demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ku Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cagla Kantarcigil
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bongjoong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ratul Kumar Baruah
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Shovan Maity
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kyunghun Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seungjun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jaime Bauer Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shitij Avlani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anne Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shreyas Sen
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Muhammad A. Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Georgia Malandraki
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.M.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.M.); (C.H.L.)
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Abstract
Rapid improvements in 3D printing technology bring about new possibilities to print with different types of printing materials. New studies have investigated and presented various printing methodologies. However, the majority of these studies are targeted at experimenting with rigid 3D printed objects rather than soft 3D printed fabrications. The presented research considers soft 3D printing, particularly focusing on the development of flexible patterns based on non-homogenous hybrid honeycombs for the interior of 3D printed objects to improve their flexibility and additional stretchability including the lightweight interior. After decomposing the area of an object into regions, our method creates a specific design where patterns are positioned at each partitioned region of the object area by connecting opposite sides of the boundary. The number of regions is determined according to application requirements or by user demands. The current study provides the results of conducted experiments. The aim of this research is to create flexible, stretchable, and lightweight soft 3D printed objects by exploring their deformation responses under tension, compression and flexure tests. This method generates soft 3D printed fabrications with physical properties that meet user demands.
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Antolak-Dudka A, Płatek P, Durejko T, Baranowski P, Małachowski J, Sarzyński M, Czujko T. Static and Dynamic Loading Behavior of Ti6Al4V Honeycomb Structures Manufactured by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS TM) Technology. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1225. [PMID: 30991637 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSTM) is currently a promising and developing technique. It allows for shortening the time between the design stage and the manufacturing process. LENS is an alternative to classic metal manufacturing methods, such as casting and plastic working. Moreover, it enables the production of finished spatial structures using different types of metallic powders as starting materials. Using this technology, thin-walled honeycomb structures with four different cell sizes were obtained. The technological parameters of the manufacturing process were selected experimentally, and the initial powder was a spherical Ti6Al4V powder with a particle size of 45–105 µm. The dimensions of the specimens were approximately 40 × 40 × 10 mm, and the wall thickness was approximately 0.7 mm. The geometrical quality and the surface roughness of the manufactured structures were investigated. Due to the high cooling rates occurring during the LENS process, the microstructure for this alloy consists only of the martensitic α’ phase. In order to increase the mechanical parameters, it was necessary to apply post processing heat treatment leading to the creation of a two-phase α + β structure. The main aim of this investigation was to study the energy absorption of additively manufactured regular cellular structures with a honeycomb topology under static and dynamic loading conditions.
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Ishikawa K, Munar ML, Tsuru K, Miyamoto Y. Fabrication of carbonate apatite honeycomb and its tissue response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1014-1020. [PMID: 30706693 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate apatite (CO3 Ap) block can be used as a bone substitute because it can be remodeled to new natural bone in a manner conforming with the bone remodeling process. Among the many porous structures available, honeycomb (HC) structure is advantageous for rapid replacement of CO3 Ap to bone. In this study, the feasibility to fabricate a CO3 Ap HC was studied, along with its initial tissue response in rabbit femur bone defect. First, a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and a wax-based binder was extruded from a HC mold. Then the fabricated HC was heated for binder removal and carbonation at 450°C in a mixed O2 -CO2 atmosphere, forming a CaCO3 HC. When the CaCO3 HC was immersed in 1 mol/L Na3 PO4 solution at 80°C for 7 days, its composition changed from CaCO3 to CO3 Ap, maintaining the structure of the original CaCO3 HC. Compressive strengths of the CaCO3 and CO3 Ap HCs were 65.2 ± 7.4 MPa and 88.7 ± 4.7 MPa, respectively. When the rabbit femur bone defect was reconstructed with the CO3 Ap HC, new bone penetrated the CO3 Ap HC completely. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone and osteocytes were also found in the newly formed bone, indicating ongoing bone remodeling. Furthermore, blood vessels were formed inside the pores of CO3 Ap HC. Therefore, CO3 Ap HC has good potential as an ideal bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1014-1020, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Melvin L Munar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Youji Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM, =3D printed) porous metallic biomaterials with topologically ordered unit cells have created a lot of excitement and are currently receiving a lot of attention given their great potential for improving bone tissue regeneration and preventing implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Delft
- The Netherlands
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10
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Hedayati R, Ahmadi SM, Lietaert K, Tümer N, Li Y, Amin Yavari S, Zadpoor AA. Fatigue and quasi-static mechanical behavior of bio-degradable porous biomaterials based on magnesium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1798-1811. [PMID: 29468807 PMCID: PMC6001791 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium and its alloys have the intrinsic capability of degrading over time in vivo without leaving toxic degradation products. They are therefore suitable for use as biodegradable scaffolds that are replaced by the regenerated tissues. One of the main concerns for such applications, particularly in load-bearing areas, is the sufficient mechanical integrity of the scaffold before sufficient volumes of de novo tissue is generated. In the majority of the previous studies on the effects of biodegradation on the mechanical properties of porous biomaterials, the change in the elastic modulus has been studied. In this study, variations in the static and fatigue mechanical behavior of porous structures made of two different Mg alloys (AZ63 and M2) over different dissolution times ( 6, 12, and 24 h) have been investigated. The results showed an increase in the mechanical properties obtained from stress-strain curve (elastic modulus, yield stress, plateau stress, and energy absorption) after 6-12 h and a sharp decrease after 24 h. The initial increase in the mechanical properties may be attributed to the accumulation of corrosion products in the pores of the porous structure before degradation has considerably proceeded. The effects of mineral deposition was more pronounced for the elastic modulus as compared to other mechanical properties. That may be due to insufficient integration of the deposited particles in the structure of the magnesium alloys. While the bonding of the parts being combined in a composite-like material is of great importance in determining its yield stress, the effects of bonding strength of both parts is much lower in determining the elastic modulus. The results of the current study also showed that the dissolution rates of the studied Mg alloys were too high for direct use in human body. © 2018 Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1798-1811, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hedayati
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtCX3584The Netherlands
| | - S. M. Ahmadi
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - K. Lietaert
- 3D Systems−LayerWise NV, Grauwmeer 14Leuven3001Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark ArenbergKU LeuvenLeuven44 3001Belgium
| | - N. Tümer
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - Y. Li
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
| | - S. Amin Yavari
- Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtCX3584The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2Delft2628 CDThe Netherlands
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Koloushani M, Hedayati R, Sadighi M, Mohammadi-aghdam M. CT-Based Micro-Mechanical Approach to Predict Response of Closed-Cell Porous Biomaterials to Low-Velocity Impact. J Imaging 2018; 4:49. [DOI: 10.3390/jimaging4030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new numerical approach based on CT-scan images and finite element (FE) method has been used to predict the mechanical behavior of closed-cell foams under impact loading. Micro-structural FE models based on CT-scan images of foam specimens (elastic-plastic material model with material constants of bulk aluminum) and macro-mechanical FE models (with crushable foam material model with material constants of foams) were constructed. Several experimental tests were also conducted to see which of the two noted (micro- or macro-) mechanical FE models can better predict the deformation and force-displacement curves of foams. Compared to the macro-structural models, the results of the micro-structural models were much closer to the corresponding experimental results. This can be explained by the fact that the micro-structural models are able to take into account the interaction of stress waves with cell walls and the complex pathways the stress waves have to go through, while the macro-structural models do not have such capabilities. Despite their high demand for computational resources, using micro-scale FE models is very beneficial when one needs to understand the failure mechanisms acting in the micro-structure of a foam in order to modify or diminish them.
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Ahmadi S, Hedayati R, Li Y, Lietaert K, Tümer N, Fatemi A, Rans C, Pouran B, Weinans H, Zadpoor A. Fatigue performance of additively manufactured meta-biomaterials: The effects of topology and material type. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:292-304. [PMID: 29127065 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques enable fabrication of bone-mimicking meta-biomaterials with unprecedented combinations of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties. The mechanical performance of AM meta-biomaterials is a direct function of their topological design. It is, however, not clear to what extent the material type is important in determining the fatigue behavior of such biomaterials. We therefore aimed to determine the isolated and modulated effects of topological design and material type on the fatigue response of metallic meta-biomaterials fabricated with selective laser melting. Towards that end, we designed and additively manufactured Co-Cr meta-biomaterials with three types of repeating unit cells and three to four porosities per type of repeating unit cell. The AM meta-biomaterials were then mechanically tested to obtain their normalized S-N curves. The obtained S-N curves of Co-Cr meta-biomaterials were compared to those of meta-biomaterials with same topological designs but made from other materials, i.e. Ti-6Al-4V, tantalum, and pure titanium, available from our previous studies. We found the material type to be far more important than the topological design in determining the normalized fatigue strength of our AM metallic meta-biomaterials. This is the opposite of what we have found for the quasi-static mechanical properties of the same meta-biomaterials. The effects of material type, manufacturing imperfections, and topological design were different in the high and low cycle fatigue regions. That is likely because the cyclic response of meta-biomaterials depends not only on the static and fatigue strengths of the bulk material but also on other factors that may include strut roughness, distribution of the micro-pores created inside the struts during the AM process, and plasticity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Meta-biomaterials are a special class of metamaterials with unusual or unprecedented combinations of mechanical, physical (e.g. mass transport), and biological properties. Topologically complex and additively manufactured meta-biomaterials have been shown to improve bone regeneration and osseointegration. The mechanical properties of such biomaterials are directly related to their topological design and material type. However, previous studies of such biomaterials have largely neglected the effects of material type, instead focusing on topological design. We show here that neglecting the effects of material type is unjustified. We studied the isolated and combined effects of topological design and material type on the normalized S-N curves of metallic bone-mimicking biomaterials and found them to be more strongly dependent on the material type than topological design.
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Boccaccio A, Uva AE, Fiorentino M, Monno G, Ballini A, Desiate A. Optimal Load for Bone Tissue Scaffolds with an Assigned Geometry. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:16-22. [PMID: 29333083 PMCID: PMC5765735 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the recent advances of three-dimensional printing technologies the design and the fabrication of a large variety of scaffold geometries was made possible. The surgeon has the availability of a wide number of scaffold micro-architectures thus needing adequate guidelines for the choice of the best one to be implanted in a patient-specific anatomic region. We propose a mechanobiology-based optimization algorithm capable of determining, for bone tissue scaffolds with an assigned geometry, the optimal value Lopt of the compression load to which they should be subjected, i.e. the load value for which the formation of the largest amounts of bone is favoured and hence the successful outcome of the scaffold implantation procedure is guaranteed. Scaffolds based on hexahedron unit cells were investigated including pores differently dimensioned and with different shapes such as elliptic or rectangular. The algorithm predicted decreasing values of the optimal load for scaffolds with pores with increasing dimensions. The optimal values predicted for the scaffolds with elliptic pores were found higher than those with rectangular ones. The proposed algorithm can be utilized to properly guide the surgeon in the choice of the best scaffold type/geometry that better satisfies the specific patient requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Boccaccio
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Antonio E Uva
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Michele Fiorentino
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monno
- Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Base Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Apollonia Desiate
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Hedayati R, Amin Yavari S, Zadpoor A. Fatigue crack propagation in additively manufactured porous biomaterials. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017; 76:457-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hedayati R, Sadighi M, Mohammadi-aghdam M, Zadpoor A. Mechanical properties of additively manufactured octagonal honeycombs. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 69:1307-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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