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Ismail NZ, Md Saad S, Adebayo IA, Md Toha Z, Abas R, Mohamad Zain NN, Arsad H. The antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of Clinacanthus nutans against human breast cancer cells through targeted apoptosis pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81685-81702. [PMID: 35737268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans dichloromethane fraction (CN-Dcm) extract has previously been proven to suppress breast cancer (MCF7) cell proliferation. Despite this, the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis mechanisms involved in C. nutans extract-treated MCF7 cells are still unknown. This study was intended to subfractionate CN-Dcm extract using column chromatography and analyse the treated MCF7 cells using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation (MTS) assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, western blot, and reverse transcription-qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Out of nine subfraction extracts (SF1 to SF9), SF2 extract strongly inhibited MCF7 cells with the lowest IC50 value (23.51 ± 1.00 µg/mL) and substantially induced apoptosis in the MCF7 cells. In treated MCF7 cells, SF2 extract significantly upregulated the expression of P53, BAX, BID, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, while downregulating the expression of BCL2. The presence of potential bioactive chemical compounds in the SF2 extract was identified using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Thus, the SF2 extract has the potential to induce apoptosis in MCF7 cells through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zafirah Ismail
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Salwani Md Saad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Abiola Adebayo
- Department of Clinical Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Analystical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Zaleha Md Toha
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Rafedah Abas
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Arsad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia.
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Wang J, Yan PP, Wang HY, Zuo SJ, Zhang SQ, Cao YX, Cao L. Novel compound ZCJ14, a gefitinib analog, exhibited prominent anti-cancer effect among several cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 307:120875. [PMID: 35963298 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM ZCJ14, a gefitinib analog, exhibited prominent anti-cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo. The present study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of ZCJ14 on human cancer cells, and explored its possible mechanism of action. MAIN METHODS The inhibitory effect of ZCJ14 on human-derived tumor cells in vitro was mainly measured by MTT and colony formation assays. The nude mouse xenograft models were established to figure out the inhibitory effect of ZCJ14 on solid tumors in vivo. Western blotting assays were used to detect the phosphorylation level of EGFR down-streaming proteins and the proteomic technique was used to study the proteome alterations of cancer cells triggered by ZCJ14. KEY FINDINGS ZCJ14 inhibited the proliferation of A549 (lung cancer), HCT116 (colorectal cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cells in vitro with 48 h IC50 values of 0.83, 0.85 and 0.92 μM, respectively. It suppressed the growth of A549, NCI-H1975, NCI-H1299 and MCF-7, HCT116 tumors in mouse xenograft models, and had almost no toxicity. At the same dose, the inhibitory effect of ZCJ14 on solid tumors was better than the corresponding positive drugs. ZCJ14 does not exert anti-tumor effects through inhibition of EGFR pathway, but by enhancing steroid biosynthesis and inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the excellent anti-tumor effect of ZCJ14 on human tumor cell lines, it can be used as an effective anti-tumor drug candidate. In addition, the results of proteomic study in this paper can provide clues for further study of the anti-tumor mechanism of ZCJ14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Sai-Jie Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Precision Medical Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Eugin Simon S, Ahmed U, Saad SM, Anwar A, Khan KM, Tan EW, Tan KO. New synthetic phenylquinazoline derivatives induce apoptosis by targeting the pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 67:128731. [PMID: 35421577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chemo-resistant cancer cells acquire robust growth potential through cell signaling mechanisms such as the down-regulation of tumor suppressors and the up-regulation of pro-survival proteins, respectively. To overcome chemo-resistance of cancer, small molecule drugs that interact with the cell signaling proteins to enhance sensitization of cancer cells toward cancer therapies are likely to be effective for the treatment of chemo-drug resistant cancer. To identify high potency small molecules, a series of ten novel phenylquinazoline derivatives were synthesized to determine their cellular effects in MCF-7 and MCF-7- cisplatin-resistant (CR) human breast cancer cells which led to the identification of two bioactive compounds, SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40, that exhibited an elevated level of cytotoxicity against the human breast cancer cells and spheroid cells. In addition, both compounds enhanced chemo-sensitization of the human breast cancer cells that were genetically engineered to express the tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic proteins, MOAP-1, Bax, and RASSF1a (MBR), suggesting that the compounds interact with the MBR signaling pathway. Furthermore, when MCF-7-CR cells were treated with SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 in the presence of ABT-737, a BCL-XL and BCL-2 inhibitor, enhanced chemo-sensitization was observed, suggesting SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 exert antagonistic activity to regulate the functional activity of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Western blot analysis showed that both SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 induced down-regulation of BCL-2 or both BCl-2 and BCL-XL expression, respectively while promoting the release of mitochondrial Cytochrome C. Taken together, the data showed that SMS-IV-20 and SMS-IV-40 are potent activators of apoptosis that enhance chemo-sensitization through their antagonistic actions on the pro-survival activity of the BCl-2 family in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Xiao X, Hou X, Shi W, Hu C, Cui Y, Hu J, Piao Z, Zhu X, Li Q, Xu F. Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells through the regulation of miRNA-140-5P. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13674-13682. [PMID: 35035706 PMCID: PMC8748102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxymatrine has shown strong anti-cancer ability, but its mechanism is not well-studied. METHODS The inhibitory rates of oxymatrine with various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 mg/ml) on MCF-7 cells were detected by CCK-8. The effects of oxymatrine on the expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF-7 cells were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). miRNA-140-5P mimics or NC mimics were transfected into cells using Lipofectamine 2000. Eventually, the cells were divided into control-group, drug-group, miRNA-140-5P mimics group, NC mimics group, and miRNA-140-5P mimics + drug group. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis rate of each group were measured by using Flow cytometry. Western blot was carried out to detect the protein expression of TGFBR1 and FGF9. RESULTS Oxymatrine at various concentrations had conspicuous inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on MCF-7 cells showed both dose- and time-dependent manners. The relative expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF cells was remarkably lower than that in MCF-10A. Oxymatrine could effectively promote the expression of miRNA-140-5P in MCF-7 cells, and the relative expression of miRNA-140-5P increased significantly with the increased dose of oxymatrine (P<0.05). Both transfection of miRNA-140-5P mimics and oxymatrine treatment could reduce the proliferation of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05), and the proliferation of cells in miRNA-140-5P mimics + drug-group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control-group, the protein expressions of TGFbR1 and FGF9 in low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were dramatically decreased (P<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Oxymatrine inhibits proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The mechanism may contribute to the regulation of miRNA-140-5p and its target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal HospitalZaozhuang 277100, Shandong, China
| | - Wenda Shi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Chanchan Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Jiuli Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Zongfang Piao
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical CollegeChengde 067000, Hebei, China
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Ismail NZ, Adebayo IA, Mohamed WAS, Mohamad Zain NN, Arsad H. Christia vespertilionis extract induced antiproliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF7) cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7361-7370. [PMID: 34665399 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C. vespertiliomis extracts were evaluated for antiproliferative and apoptosis effect on breast cancer (MCF7) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The leaves extracts were analysed for its antiproliferative effect on breast cancer (MCF7) cells and normal epithelial breast (MCF 10A) cells using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The selective extract was evaluated for its ability to induce apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC apoptosis staining and the expression of molecular genes using qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) against MCF7 cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the compounds from the selective extract. The findings showed that dichloromethane fraction (CV-Dcm) extract had high antiproliferative effect against MCF7 cells (IC50 = 24 µg/mL, selective index (SI) = 8.17). The percentages of apoptosis cells in CV-Dcm-treated MCF7 cells was 58.8%. The CV-Dcm extract induced downregulation of PCNA level. The apoptotic genes were also triggered in both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways, affecting a 1.5-fold increase in BAX, 1.4-fold increase in cytochrome c, 1.3-fold increase in caspase-8, 1.7-fold increase in caspase-3 and 0.5-fold-decrease in BCL-2. Treated MCF7 cells also activated P53-dependent apoptotic death pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present work strongly suggests that high efficacy of CV-Dcm extract was attributed to its antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activation in MCF7 cells, most likely due to its favourable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zafirah Ismail
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Abiola Adebayo
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Analystical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ahmad Syazani Mohamed
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Arsad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, 13200, Penang, Malaysia.
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Feng M, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yao B, Li Y, Xue J, Cao S, Shao X, Xu Y, Sohn KC, Shin IH, Yao C. Sanhuang Decoction Controls Tumor Microenvironment by Ameliorating Chronic Stress in Breast Cancer: A Report of Ninety Cases. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677939. [PMID: 34485118 PMCID: PMC8416106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term endocrine treatment which results in estrogen deprivation causes chronic stress associated with a series of uncomfortable symptoms leading not only to a decrease in quality of life but also to cancer recurrence, which may be mediated primarily through the enhanced expression of angiogenic factors, as well as a series of inflammatory microenvironmental changes that favor tumor progression. In this study, we designed a clinical trial and aimed to explore the effects of Sanhuang Decoction (SHD) treatment on chronic stress, inflammatory factors, and breast cancer recovery. A total of 90 patients with breast cancer who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the standard endocrine treatment and the traditional Chinese medicine decoction known as SHD. The control group received the standard endocrine treatment only. The treatment period was 6 months. The modified Kupperman Menopausal Index, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the self-rating depression scale were evaluated once per month. The body microenvironment plasma indices related to chronic stress, such as oxidative and antioxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors, hemorheology, coagulation, lipid and D-dimer, immunologic functions, tumor biomarkers, and angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured before and after 6 months of treatment. After treatment for 5 months, the scores in the treatment group decreased to nearly normal levels and the control group showed no significant improvement. After treatment for 6 months, all indices related to the body microenvironment, as well as the tumor biomarkers and carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 153, and angiogenic factor VEGF levels improved significantly to normal levels in the treatment group. Our primary research showed that treatment with SHD effectively improved the quality of life of breast cancer patients by facilitating a change in the body microenvironment that controlled tumor growth and prevented drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Feng
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yongfei Li
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Xue
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihan Cao
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Shao
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ki Cheul Sohn
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Im Hee Shin
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Chang Yao
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Soliman AM, Khalil A, Ramadan E, Ghorab MM. Induction of apoptosis, cytotoxicity and radiosensitization by novel 3,4-dihydroquinazolinone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128308. [PMID: 34363937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty new quinazolinone derivatives bearing a piperonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. The structures of the target compounds were in agreement with the microanalytical and spectral data. Compounds 4-10, 13, 14 and 17-27 were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. The target compounds showed IC50 in the range of 2.46-36.85 µM and 3.87-88.93 µM for HepG-2 and MCF-7, respectively. The promising compounds 7, 19, 26 and 27 were selected to measure their EGFR inhibitory activity. The IC50 values of the promising compounds were in the range of 146.9-1032.7 nM for EGFR in reference to Erlotinib (IC50 = 96.6 nM). In further studies on compounds 7, 19, 26 and 27 using HepG-2 cell line, there was significant overexpression of p21 and downregulation of two members of IAPs protein family; Survivin and XIAP, relative to their controls. Annexin V-FITC and caspase-3 analyses have established a significant increase in early apoptosis. Moreover, the four selected compounds have impaired cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase compared to their respective control. Considering radiotherapy as the primary treatment for many types of solid tumors, the radiosensitizing abilities of compounds 7, 19, 26 and 27 were measured against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines combined with a single dose of 8 Gy gamma radiation. Measurement of the IC50 of the promising compounds after irradiation revealed their ability to sensitize the cells to the lethal effect of gamma irradiation (IC50 = 1.56-4.32 µM and 3.06-5.93 µM for HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells, respectively). Molecular docking was performed to gain insights into the ligand-binding interactions of 7, 19, 26 and 27 inside the EGFR binding sites and revealed their essential interactions, explaining their good activity towards EGFR.
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Li W, Cao Z, Yu L, Huang Q, Zhu D, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. Hierarchical drug release designed Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs for targeted delivery to breast cancer with combined photothermal-chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:143. [PMID: 34001161 PMCID: PMC8130275 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer with a low survival rate and one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-tumor drug used in the treatment of BC. Poor dispersion in water and toxic side effects limit its clinical application. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), owing to their specific structures and unique biological and physiochemical properties, have emerged as potential vehicles for tumor targeting, bioimaging and cancer therapy. An innovative nano drug-loading system (Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs) was prepared for targeted treatment of BC. Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs under near infra-red region (NIR) irradiation showed effective photothermal therapy against MDA-MB-231 human BC cells growth in vitro by inducing apoptosis through triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and generating excessive heat. In vivo studies revealed deep penetration ability of Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs under NIR irradiation to find application in cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging, and exhibited effective photothermal therapy against BC xenograft growth by inducing apoptosis. Histopathological analysis, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity assay, and apoptosis experiments indicated that Au @PDA-PEG-MTX NPs possessed a good therapeutic effect with high biocompatibility and fewer side effects. This Au NPs drug-loading system achieved specific targeting of MTX to BC cells by surface functionalisation, fluorescence imaging under laser irradiation, combined photothermal-chemotherapy, and pH- and NIR- triggered hierarchical drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongjie Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Malla RR, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. Understanding the function of the tumor microenvironment, and compounds from marine organisms for breast cancer therapy. World J Biol Chem 2021; 12:15-37. [PMID: 33815682 PMCID: PMC8006057 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology and physiology of breast cancer (BC), including metastasis, and drug resistance, is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which hamper antitumor immunity. Recently, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to mediate pathophysiological develop-ments such as metastasis as well as immune suppression within the TME. Given the complex biology of BC, novel personalized therapeutic strategies that address its diverse pathophysiologies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the advances in the biology of breast neoplasia, including cellular and molecular biology, heterogeneity, and TME. We review the role of novel molecules such as long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of BC. Finally, we provide an up-to-date overview of anticancer compounds extracted from marine microorganisms, crustaceans, and fishes and their synergistic effects in combination with other anticancer drugs. Marine compounds are a new discipline of research in BC and offer a wide range of anti-cancer effects that could be harnessed to target the various pathways involved in BC development, thus assisting current therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Zha S, Ueno M, Liang Y, Okada S, Oda T, Ishibashi F. Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Leukemia U937 Cells by C18 Hydroxy Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from Red Alga Tricleocarpa jejuensis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030138. [PMID: 33801204 PMCID: PMC8001238 DOI: 10.3390/md19030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have found that (±)-(E)-12-hydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid (HOEA) isolated from the red alga Tricleocarpa jejuensis showed cytotoxic effects on various living organisms including harmful microalgae, Gram-positive bacteria, and mammalian tumor cells. Since natural products with apoptosis-inducing ability can be promising anti-cancer agents, in this study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of HOEA on U937 cells focusing on apoptosis induction. HOEA showed much stronger cytotoxic and cytolytic effects on U937 cells than elaidic acid, which has similar structure but no 12-hydroxy group, suggesting that hydroxy group is important for the cytotoxicity of HOEA. HOEA induced apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, time-dependent increase in annexin V+/PI+ cell population in HOEA-treated U937 cells was detected. Among the apoptosis-related reagents, caspase-family inhibitor almost completely inhibited HOEA-induced DNA fragmentation. In the analyses using specific caspase-substrates, extremely high cleavage activity toward caspase-3/7/8 substrate was observed in HOEA-treated U937 cells, and weak activities of caspase-1 and -3 were detected. Analyses using specific caspase inhibitors suggested that caspase-3 and caspase-8 might be predominantly responsible for the cleavage activity. Activation of these caspases were also confirmed by western blotting in which significant levels of cleaved forms of caspase 3, caspase 8, and PARP were detected in HOEA-treated U937 cells. Our results suggest that HOEA is capable of inducing apoptosis in U937 cells in which caspase-3 and caspase-8 might play important roles. Since the cytotoxic effect of HOEA is not strictly specific to tumor cells, development of appropriate drug delivery system for selective tumor targeting is necessary for the clinical applications to reduce the possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Zha
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.O.)
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Division of Hematopoiesis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (M.U.); (S.O.)
| | - Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.O.)
| | - Seiji Okada
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Division of Hematopoiesis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (M.U.); (S.O.)
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.O.)
| | - Fumito Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-2833
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Ye XS, Tian WJ, Zhou M, Zeng DQ, Lin T, Wang GH, Yao XS, Chen HF. Prenylated flavonoids from Ficus hirta induces HeLa cells apoptosis via MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127859. [PMID: 33609662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A pair of undescribed enantiomers, (±) ficusflavonid A (1a/1b), along with five known analogues, were isolated from the roots of Ficus hirta. Their structures were determined by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data (including UV, IR, HRESIMS and NMR). Two enantiomers (1a and 1b) were successfully separated by chiral chromatographic column and their absolute configurations were assigned by the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. The cytotoxicity of all the isolates against HeLa, MCF-7, HepG2 and H460 cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, 4 suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells with the IC50 value of 28.88 μM. Furthermore, the apoptotic effect of 4 on HeLa cells and the level of several crucial proteins in AKT/MAPKs signaling pathways were analyzed by flow cytometer and western blot assay. As a result, 4 induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a dose dependent manner and significantly increased the protein levels of p-JNK and p-p38, whereas distinctly reduced the expression of p-AKT, and p-ERK. Thus, compound 4 might induce HeLa cells apoptosis via MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, which could be considered as a potential leading compound for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Quan Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
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de Faria Lainetti P, Brandi A, Leis Filho AF, Prado MCM, Kobayashi PE, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca-Alves CE. Establishment and Characterization of Canine Mammary Gland Carcinoma Cell Lines With Vasculogenic Mimicry Ability in vitro and in vivo. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583874. [PMID: 33195606 PMCID: PMC7655132 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors affect intact and elderly female dogs, and almost 50% of these cases are malignant. Cell culture offers a promising preclinical model to study this disease and creates the opportunity to deposit cell lines at a cell bank to allow greater assay reproducibility and more reliable validation of the results. Another important aspect is the possibility of establishing models and improving our understanding of tumor characteristics, such as vasculogenic mimicry. Because of the importance of cancer cell lines in preclinical models, the present study established and characterized primary cell lines from canine mammary gland tumors. Cell cultures were evaluated for morphology, phenotype, vasculogenic mimicry (VM), and tumorigenicity abilities. We collected 17 primary mammary carcinoma and three metastases and obtained satisfactory results from 10 samples. The cells were transplanted to a xenograft model. All cell lines exhibited a spindle-shaped or polygonal morphology and expressed concomitant pancytokeratin and cytokeratin 8/18. Four cell lines had vasculogenic mimicry ability in vitro, and two cell lines showed in vivo tumorigenicity and VM in the xenotransplanted tumor. Cellular characterization will help create a database to increase our knowledge of mammary carcinomas in dogs, including studies of tumor behavior and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Brandi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Priscila Emiko Kobayashi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
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Han C, Wang Z, Xu Y, Chen S, Han Y, Li L, Wang M, Jin X. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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İnci D, Aydın R, Vatan Ö, Zorlu Y. A potent drug candidature of Cu(II) pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline complexes with bioactive ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, biomolecular interactions, radical scavenging and cytotoxicities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:7194-7212. [PMID: 32811370 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1808070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel ternary copper(II) complexes, - [Cu(py-phen)(asn)(NO3)(H2O)] (1) and [Cu(py-phen)(trp)(H2O)]NO3 (2)- (py-phen: pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline, asn: asparagine, trp: tryptophan), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Interaction of the complexes 1 and 2 with CT-DNA has been investigated by absorption spectral titration, EB and Hoechst 33258 displacement assay. The interaction between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA was investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The experimental outcomes indicate that the fluorescence quenching mechanism between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA is a static quenching process. The Stern-Volmer constants, binding constants, binding sites and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS) of BSA + complex systems were determined at different temperatures. The binding distance between the complexes 1 and 2 and BSA was calculated according to FRET. The effect of the complexes 1 and 2 on the conformation of BSA was also examined using synchronous, two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy. Radical scavenging activity of the complex was determined in terms of EC50, using the DPPH and H2O2 method. The anticancer activities of the complexes 1 and 2 were investigated using an XTT assay against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, Caco-2 and A549) and non-tumor cell line (BEAS-2B). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu İnci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Rahmiye Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Özgür Vatan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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15
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Zhang ML, Wu HT, Chen WJ, Xu Y, Ye QQ, Shen JX, Liu J. Involvement of glutathione peroxidases in the occurrence and development of breast cancers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:247. [PMID: 32571353 PMCID: PMC7309991 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to a family of enzymes that is important in organisms; these enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. Based on the establishment and development of the theory of the pathological roles of free radicals, the role of GPxs has gradually attracted researchers' attention, and the involvement of GPxs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors has been shown. On the other hand, the incidence of breast cancer in increasing, and breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide; breast cancer is thought to be related to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, indicating the involvement of GPxs in these processes. Therefore, this article focused on the molecular mechanism and function of GPxs in the occurrence and development of breast cancer to understand their role in breast cancer and to provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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