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Ni X, Zhang Z, Deng Z, Li J. Optimizing ARA and DHA in infant formula: A systematic review of global trends, regional disparities, and considerations for precision nutrition. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114049. [PMID: 38519198 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In the context of precision nutrition, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula needs to consider more factors. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review, including 112 relevant Chinese and English articles, to summarize and analyze the global levels of ARA, DHA, and the ARA/DHA ratio in breast milk. The data were correlated with local aquatic products intake and children's IQ. The results indicated that the average level of DHA in breast milk across regions is lower than that of ARA. Variations in DHA content were identified as a primary factor influencing ARA/DHA ratio fluctuations. Breast milk ARA and DHA levels decrease with prolonged lactation periods but increase over the past 22 years. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between aquatic products intake and breast milk DHA levels (r = 0.64, p < 0.05). Breast milk DHA levels also showed a significant positive correlation with children's IQ (r = 0.67, p < 0.01). Stable breast milk ARA content did not exhibit significant correlations with aquatic products intake or children's IQ (r = 0, p > 0.05). Among 22 infant formula products available in China, only 5 had ARA levels within the range of breast milk. Most formula products had higher ARA levels than DHA, resulting in ARA/DHA ratios generally exceeding 1. The temporal and spatial variability in breast milk ARA and DHA levels may lead to diverse health outcomes in infants. Therefore, the addition of ARA and DHA in infant formula should consider this variability, including the molecular forms and positional isomerism of the added ARA and DHA. Additionally, considering the impact of different cognitive development tests and infant's gene expression on formula assessment results, there is a need to establish a more comprehensive infant health assessment system to guide the addition of ARA and DHA in formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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Gao F, Zhang W, Cao M, Liu X, Han T, He W, Shi B, Gu Z. Maternal supplementation with konjac glucomannan improves maternal microbiota for healthier offspring during lactation. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3736-3748. [PMID: 38234014 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal diet during gestation and lactation affects the health of the offspring. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a significantly functional polysaccharide in food research, possessing both antioxidant and prebiotic properties. However, the mechanisms of how KGM regulates maternal nutrition remain insufficient and limited. This study aimed to investigate maternal supplementation with KGM during late gestation and lactation to benefit both maternal and offspring generations. RESULTS Our findings indicate that KGM improves serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the KGM group displayed a significant increase in the feed intake-related hormones neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), Ghrelin, and adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) levels. KGM modified the relative abundance of Clostridium, Candidatus Saccharimonas, unclassified Firmicutes, and unclassified Christensenellaceae in sow feces. Acetate, valerate, and isobutyrate were also improved in the feces of sows in the KGM group. These are potential target bacterial genera that may modulate the host's health. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis unveiled significant correlations between the altered bacteria genus and feed intake-related hormones. More importantly, KGM reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in milk, further improved IL-10 levels, and reduced zonulin levels in the serum of offspring. CONCLUSION In conclusion, maternal dietary supplementation with KGM during late gestation and lactation improves maternal nutritional status by modifying maternal microbial and increasing lactation feed intake, which benefits the anti-inflammatory capacity of the offspring serum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Tan C, Tian Y, Tao L, Xie J, Wang M, Zhang F, Yu Z, Sheng J, Zhao C. Exploring the Effect of Milk Fat on Fermented Milk Flavor Based on Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:1099. [PMID: 38474610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is a premium nutritional health product, yet there is a lack of high-fat dairy products for daily consumption in the current market. This study investigated the influence of different milk fat contents on the physicochemical and textural properties of fermented milk. The research revealed that an increase in milkfat content significantly improved the water-holding capacity, syneresis, color, hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of fermented milk, while showing minimal changes in pH and total titratable acidity. Response surface analysis indicated that fermented milk with 25% milk fat, 2.5% inoculum, a fermentation time of 16 h, and a fermentation temperature of 30 °C exhibited the highest overall acceptability. Using GC-IMS technology, 36 volatile compounds were identified, with an increase in milk fat content leading to elevated levels of ketone compounds, and 14 compounds were defined as key aroma compounds (ROAV > 1). Electronic nose distinguished samples with different milk fat contents. The results demonstrate that an increase in milk fat content enhances the physicochemical and flavor attributes of fermented milk. This work provides theoretical references for the production and development of high-fat fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- PuEr University, PuEr 665000, China
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhijin Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Cunchao Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
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Al-Thubaity DD, Alshahrani MA, Elgzar WT, Ibrahim HA. Determinants of High Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy among Nursing Mothers in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081919. [PMID: 37111138 PMCID: PMC10145845 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors have been found to correlate with satisfactory Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practices. The relationships between EBF practices and associated factors are complex and multidimensional; Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSE) is the most important psychological factor that may help the mother to overcome any expected barriers. This study investigates the determinants of high breastfeeding self-efficacy among Saudi nursing mothers. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study investigating the determinant of BSE among 1577 nursing mothers in primary health centers in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. The study uses a cluster random sampling technique. Data collection was performed from June 2022 to January 2023 using a self-reported questionnaire that encompasses the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF), Gender Friendly Breastfeeding Knowledge Scale (GFBKS), Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and a basic data questionnaire to assess women's demographic factors and obstetric history. RESULTS The mean score for all BSES-SF items was between 3.23-3.41, the highest mean score was in mothers who felt comfortable breastfeeding with family members present (3.41 ± 1.06), and the lowest mean was in mothers who could breastfeed their baby without using formula as a supplement (3.23 ± 0.94). The overall BSE score was high among 67% of the study participants. Binary logistic regression showed that being a housewife, being highly educated, having breastfeeding experience, and being multiparous are positive predictors for high BSE (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, having adequate breastfeeding knowledge and positive breastfeeding attitudes were positively associated with higher BSE (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION BSE can be predicted by modifiable predictors such as mothers' education, working status, parity, breastfeeding experience, adequate breastfeeding knowledge, and positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. If such predictors are considered during breastfeeding-related educational interventions, it could lead to more effective and sustainable effects in community awareness regarding breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaifAllah D Al-Thubaity
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa T Elgzar
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Nursing, Nursing College, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22514, Egypt
| | - Heba A Ibrahim
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetrics and Woman Health Nursing, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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Pitino MA, Beggs MR, O'Connor DL, Doyen A, Pouliot Y, Sergius-Ronot M, Unger S. Donor human milk processing and its impact on infant digestion: A systematic scoping review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:173-189. [PMID: 36811588 PMCID: PMC10102984 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When there is an inadequate supply of mother's milk, pasteurized donor human milk is preferred over formula to supplement feeds for preterm infants. Although providing donor milk helps to improve feeding tolerance and reduce necrotizing enterocolitis, changes to its composition and reductions in bioactivity during processing, are thought to contribute to the slower growth often exhibited by these infants. To improve the clinical outcomes of recipient infants by maximizing the quality of donor milk, research is currently investigating strategies to optimize all aspects of processing, including pooling, pasteurization, and freezing; however, reviews of this literature typically only summarize the impact of a processing technique on composition or bioactivity. Reviews of published research investigating the impact of donor milk processing on infant digestion/absorption are lacking and thus, was the objective for this systematic scoping review, Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PJTMW). Databases were searched for primary research studies evaluating donor milk processing for pathogen inactivation or other rationale and subsequent effect on infant digestion/absorption. Non-human milk studies or those assessing other outcomes were excluded. Overall, 24 articles from 12,985 records screened were included. Most studied thermal methods to inactivate pathogens, predominantly Holder pasteurization (HoP) (62.5°C, 30 min) and high-temperature short-time. Heating consistently decreased lipolysis and increased proteolysis of lactoferrin and caseins; however, protein hydrolysis was unaffected from in vitro studies. The abundance and diversity of released peptides remain unclear and should be further explored. Greater investigation into less-harsh methods for pasteurization, such as high-pressure processing, is warranted. Only 1 study assessed the impact of this technique and found minimal impact on digestion outcomes compared with HoP. Fat homogenization appeared to positively impact fat digestion (n = 3 studies), and only 1 eligible study investigated freeze-thawing. Identified knowledge gaps regarding optimal methods of processing should be further explored to improve the quality and nutrition of donor milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pitino
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan R Beggs
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Doyen
- Université Laval, Département des Sciences des Aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF) Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- Université Laval, Département des Sciences des Aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF) Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Sergius-Ronot
- Université Laval, Département des Sciences des Aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF) Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharon Unger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rogers Hixon Ontario Human Milk Bank, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Manin LP, Rydlewski AA, Pizzo JS, da Cruz VHM, da Silva Alves E, Santos PDS, Mikcha JMG, Cristianini M, Santos OO, Visentainer JV. Effects of pasteurization and high-pressure processing on the fatty acids, triacylglycerol profile, Dornic acidity, and macronutrients in mature human milk. J Food Compost Anal 2023; 115:104918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu Y, Hettinga K, Liu D, Zhang L, Zhou P. Current progress of emerging technologies in human and animals' milk processing: Retention of immune-active components and microbial safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4327-4353. [PMID: 36036722 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human milk and commercial dairy products play a vital role in humans, as they can provide almost all essential nutrients and immune-active components for the development of children. However, how to retain more native immune-active components of milk during processing remains a big question for the dairy industry. Nonthermal technologies for milk processing are gaining increasing interest in both academic and industrial fields, as it is known that thermal processing may negatively affect the quality of milk products. Thermosensitive components, such as lactoferrin, immunoglobulins (Igs), growth factors, and hormones, are highly important for the healthy development of newborns. In addition to product quality, thermal processing also causes environmental problems, such as high energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This review summarizes the recent advances of UV-C, ultrasonication (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), and other emerging technologies for milk processing from the perspective of immune-active components retention and microbial safety, focusing on human, bovine, goat, camel, sheep, and donkey milk. Also, the detailed application, including the instrumental design, technical parameters, and obtained results, are discussed. Finally, future prospects and current limitations of nonthermal techniques as applied in milk processing are discussed. This review thereby describes the current state-of-the-art in nonthermal milk processing techniques and will inspire the development of such techniques for in-practice applications in milk processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen, University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dasong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chen Y, Luo L, Xu F, Xu X, Bao J. Carbohydrate Repartitioning in the Rice Starch Branching Enzyme IIb Mutant Stimulates Higher Resistant Starch Content and Lower Seed Weight Revealed by Multiomics Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9802-9816. [PMID: 35903884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The starch branching enzyme IIb mutant (be2b) in rice significantly increases the resistant starch (RS) content and leads to reduced seed weight. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain unclear. Proteomic analysis indicated that upregulation of starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) and SSIIIa and downregulation of BEI and SSI were possibly responsible for the decreased short amylopectin chains (DP 6-15) and increased longer chains (DP > 16) of be2b starch. The upregulation of granule-bound starch synthase led to increased amylose content (AC). These changes in the amylopectin structure and AC accounted for the increased RS content. α-Amylase 2A showed the strongest upregulation (up to 8.45-fold), indicating that the loss of BEIIb activity enhanced starch degradation. Upregulation of glycolysis-related proteins stimulated carbohydrate repartitioning through glycerate-3-phosphate and promoted the accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and fatty acids. The unexpected carbohydrate partitioning and enhanced starch degradation resulted in the reduced seed weight in the be2b mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Yazhou Bay Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinsong Bao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Yazhou Bay Laboratory, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China
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Pitino MA, Unger S, Gill A, McGeer AJ, Doyen A, Pouliot Y, Bazinet RP, Kothari A, Mazzulli T, Stone D, O'Connor DL. High pressure processing inactivates human cytomegalovirus and hepatitis A virus while preserving macronutrients and native lactoferrin in human milk. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kontopodi E, Stahl B, van Goudoever JB, Boeren S, Timmermans RAH, den Besten HMW, Van Elburg RM, Hettinga K. Effects of High-Pressure Processing, UV-C Irradiation and Thermoultrasonication on Donor Human Milk Safety and Quality. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:828448. [PMID: 35386262 PMCID: PMC8979557 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.828448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Holder pasteurization (HoP) is the current recommended treatment for donor human milk. Although this method inactivates microbial contaminants, it also negatively affects various milk components. High-pressure processing (HPP, 400, 500, and 600 MPa), ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C, 2,430, 3,645, and 4,863 J/L) and thermoultrasonication (TUS, 1,080 and 1,620 kJ/L) were investigated as alternatives to thermal pasteurization (HoP). We assessed the effects of these methods on microbiological safety, and on concentration and functionality of immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme and bile salt-stimulated lipase, with LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and activity assays. HoP, HPP, TUS, and UV-C at 4863 J/L, achieved >5-log10 microbial reduction. Native protein levels and functionality showed the highest reduction following HoP, while no significant reduction was found after less intense HPP and all UV-C treatments. Immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, and lysozyme contents were also preserved after low intensity TUS, but bile salt-stimulated lipase activity was significantly reduced. This study demonstrated that HPP and UV-C may be considered as suitable alternatives to HoP, since they were able to ensure sufficient microbial inactivation while at the same time better preserving the bioactive components of donor human milk. In summary, our results provide valuable insights regarding the evaluation and selection of suitable processing methods for donor human milk treatment, which may replace HoP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kontopodi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rian A H Timmermans
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ruurd M Van Elburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Martysiak-Żurowska D, Malinowska-Pańczyk E, Orzołek M, Kiełbratowska B, Sinkiewicz-Darol E. Effect of convection and microwave heating on the retention of bioactive components in human milk. Food Chem 2021; 374:131772. [PMID: 34896952 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive substances are very important components of human milk (HM), especially for premature newborns. The effects of convection (CH) and microwave heating (MWH) at 62.5 and 66 °C, on the level of selected bioactive components of HM: lysozyme (LZ), lactoferrin (LF), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), basal lipase (BL), cytokine TGF-2, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was compared. Regardless of the used heating methods the TAC of HM, determined by TEAC and ORAC-FL assay, proved to be insensitive to temperature pasteurization, in contrary to BL. MWH in the conditions of 62.5 for 5 min and 66 °C for 3 min are ensuring microbiological safety with a higher retention of most of the tested active HM proteins compared to CH. Only in the case of LZ the MWH had a more degradative effect on its concentration. Controlled conditions of MWH preserve the bioactive components of the HM better than CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Orzołek
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Str., 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elena Sinkiewicz-Darol
- Human Milk Bank, Ludwik Rydygier' Provincial Polyclinical Hospital in Torun, Torun, 53-59 St. Jozef St., 87-100 Torun, Poland; Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Juncker HG, Ruhé EJM, Burchell GL, van den Akker CHP, Korosi A, van Goudoever JB, van Keulen BJ. The Effect of Pasteurization on the Antioxidant Properties of Human Milk: A Literature Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111737. [PMID: 34829608 PMCID: PMC8614754 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of oxidative stress are common in preterm born infants and have short- and long-term consequences. The antioxidant properties of human milk limits the consequences of excessive oxidative damage. However, as the mother's own milk it is not always available, donor milk may be provided as the best alternative. Donor milk needs to be pasteurized before use to ensure safety. Although pasteurization is necessary for safety reasons, it may affect the activity and concentration of several biological factors, including antioxidants. This literature review describes the effect of different pasteurization methods on antioxidant properties of human milk and aims to provide evidence to guide donor milk banks in choosing the best pasteurization method from an antioxidant perspective. The current literature suggests that Holder pasteurization reduces the antioxidant properties of human milk. Alternative pasteurization methods seem promising as less reduction is observed in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Juncker
- Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.J.); (E.J.M.R.); (B.J.v.K.)
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences—Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eliza J. M. Ruhé
- Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.J.); (E.J.M.R.); (B.J.v.K.)
| | - George L. Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Chris H. P. van den Akker
- Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics–Neonatology, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences—Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.J.); (E.J.M.R.); (B.J.v.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Britt J. van Keulen
- Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.J.); (E.J.M.R.); (B.J.v.K.)
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Blackshaw K, Wu J, Proschogo N, Davies J, Oldfield D, Schindeler A, Banati RB, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. The effect of thermal pasteurization, freeze-drying, and gamma irradiation on donor human milk. Food Chem 2021; 373:131402. [PMID: 34741965 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The availability of donor human milk (DHM) is currently limited by the volumes that can be thermally pasteurized and kept in long-term cold storage. This study assesses the application of freeze-drying followed by low-dose gamma irradiation of DHM for simplified, safe long-term storage. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) GC-MS, SDS and native PAGE gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the overall changes in volatile and protein profiles in Holder pasteurized and freeze-dried DHM was negligible compared to the natural variations in DHM. Freeze-dried DHM samples (moisture < 2.2 %) processed with 2 kGy gamma irradiation did not show any significant lipid oxidation end-products and variation in protein profile. Therefore, freeze-drying followed by in-packaging gamma irradiation could be a safe method for pasteurization, convenient storage and delivery of DHM at ambient temperature. These methods may generate a means to create a reserve stock of DHM for emergencies and humanitarian aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackshaw
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jiadai Wu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Justin Davies
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Daniel Oldfield
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Bioengineering and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Medical Imaging Sciences, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Mothers Milk Bank Charity (Human Milk Emergency Reserve-Project), Australia.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Stinson LF, Sindi ASM, Cheema AS, Lai CT, Mühlhäusler BS, Wlodek ME, Payne MS, Geddes DT. The human milk microbiome: who, what, when, where, why, and how? Nutr Rev 2021; 79:529-543. [PMID: 32443154 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains an incredible array of microorganisms. These likely contribute to the seeding of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome, thereby influencing infant immune and metabolic development and later-life health. Given the importance of the HM microbiota in this context, there has been an increase in research efforts to characterize this in different populations and in relation to different maternal and infant characteristics. However, despite a decade of intensive research, there remain several unanswered questions in this field. In this review, the "5 W+H" approach (who, what, when, where, why, and how) is used to comprehensively describe the composition, function, and origin of the HM microbiome. Here, existing evidence will be drawn together and critically appraised to highlight avenues for further research, both basic and applied. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the potential to modulate the HM microbiome using pre/probiotics or dietary interventions. Another exciting possibility is the personalization of donor milk for women with insufficient supply. By gaining a deeper understanding of the HM microbiome, opportunities to intervene to optimize infant and lifelong health may be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Azhar S M Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ali S Cheema
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beverly S Mühlhäusler
- CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Binte Abu Bakar SY, Salim M, Clulow AJ, Nicholas KR, Boyd BJ. Human milk composition and the effects of pasteurisation on the activity of its components. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lorenzetti S, Plösch T, Teller IC. Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:550. [PMID: 33916168 PMCID: PMC8065843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides overall beneficial health to the mother-child dyad and is universally recognized as the preferred feeding mode for infants up to 6-months and beyond. Human milk provides immuno-protection and supplies nutrients and bioactive compounds whose concentrations vary with lactation stage. Environmental and dietary factors potentially lead to excessive chemical exposure in critical windows of development such as neonatal life, including lactation. This review discusses current knowledge on these environmental and dietary contaminants and summarizes the known effects of these chemicals in human milk, taking into account the protective presence of antioxidative molecules. Particular attention is given to short- and long-term effects of these contaminants, considering their role as endocrine disruptors and potential epigenetic modulators. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and indicate potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jarzynka S, Strom K, Barbarska O, Pawlikowska E, Minkiewicz-Zochniak A, Rosiak E, Oledzka G, Wesolowska A. Combination of High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying as the Most Effective Techniques in Maintaining Biological Values and Microbiological Safety of Donor Milk. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18042147. [PMID: 33671763 PMCID: PMC7926441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk banks have a pivotal role in provide optimal food for those infants who are not fully breastfeed, by allowing human milk from donors to be collected, processed and appropriately distributed. Donor human milk (DHM) is usually preserved by Holder pasteurization, considered to be the gold standard to ensure the microbiology safety and nutritional value of milk. However, as stated by the European Milk Banking Association (EMBA) there is a need to implement the improvement of the operating procedure of human milk banks including preserving and storing techniques. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the selected new combination of methods for preserving donor human milk in comparison with thermal treatment (Holder pasteurization). METHODS We assessed (1) the concentration of bioactive components (insulin, adiponectin, leptin, activity of pancreatic lipase, and hepatocyte growth factor) and (2) microbiological safety in raw and pasteurized, high-pressure processed and lyophilization human breast milk. RESULTS The combination of two techniques, high-pressure processing and freeze-drying, showed the best potential for preserving the nutritional value of human milk and were evaluated for microbiological safety. Microbiological safety assessment excluded the possibility of using freeze-drying alone for human milk sample preservation. However, it can be used as a method for long-term storage of milk samples, which have previously been preserved via other processes. CONCLUSION The results show that high-pressure treatment is the best method for preservation that ensures microbiological safety and biological activity but subsequent freeze-drying allowed long-term storage without loss of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Jarzynka
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (K.S.); (O.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Kamila Strom
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (K.S.); (O.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Olga Barbarska
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (K.S.); (O.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Emilia Pawlikowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Minkiewicz-Zochniak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (K.S.); (O.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Elzbieta Rosiak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Oledzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (K.S.); (O.B.); (A.M.-Z.); (G.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-92-50
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Burge K, Vieira F, Eckert J, Chaaban H. Lipid Composition, Digestion, and Absorption Differences among Neonatal Feeding Strategies: Potential Implications for Intestinal Inflammation in Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021; 13:550. [PMID: 33567518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Formula feeding is among the many risk factors for developing the condition, a practice often required in the cohort most often afflicted with NEC, preterm infants. While the virtues of many bioactive components of breast milk have been extolled, the ability to digest and assimilate the nutritional components of breast milk is often overlooked. The structure of formula differs from that of breast milk, both in lipid composition and chemical configuration. In addition, formula lacks a critical digestive enzyme produced by the mammary gland, bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL). The gastrointestinal system of premature infants is often incapable of secreting sufficient pancreatic enzymes for fat digestion, and pasteurization of donor milk (DM) has been shown to inactivate BSSL, among other important compounds. Incompletely digested lipids may oxidize and accumulate in the distal gut. These lipid fragments are thought to induce intestinal inflammation in the neonate, potentially hastening the development of diseases such as NEC. In this review, differences in breast milk, pasteurized DM, and formula lipids are highlighted, with a focus on the ability of those lipids to be digested and subsequently absorbed by neonates, especially those born prematurely and at risk for NEC.
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20
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Escuder-Vieco D, Rodríguez JM, Espinosa-Martos I, Corzo N, Montilla A, García-Serrano A, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, Serrano J, Fernández L, Pallás-Alonso CR. High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020114. [PMID: 33546253 PMCID: PMC7913308 DOI: 10.3390/life11020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Escuder-Vieco
- Banco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.E.-V.); or (L.F.); Tel.: +34-913-908-811 (D.E.-V.); +34-913-943-745 (L.F.)
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Veterinaria), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Nieves Corzo
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (A.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Antonia Montilla
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (A.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Alba García-Serrano
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (A.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - M. Visitación Calvo
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (A.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.C.); (A.M.); (A.G.-S.); (M.V.C.); (J.F.)
| | - José Serrano
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida, 25008 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria (Veterinaria), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.E.-V.); or (L.F.); Tel.: +34-913-908-811 (D.E.-V.); +34-913-943-745 (L.F.)
| | - Carmen Rosa Pallás-Alonso
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
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21
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Koh J, Victor AF, Howell ML, Yeo JG, Qu Y, Selover B, Waite-Cusic J, Dallas DC. Bile Salt-Stimulated Lipase Activity in Donor Breast Milk Influenced by Pasteurization Techniques. Front Nutr 2020; 7:552362. [PMID: 33282897 PMCID: PMC7689290 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.552362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), which significantly increases the fat digestion capacity of newborns who have limited pancreatic lipase secretion in the first few months after birth. Problematically, Holder pasteurization used in non-profit milk banks to ensure the microbiological safety of donor milk for infants, particularly preterm infants (<37 weeks gestation age), destroys milk BSSL, thus limiting infant fat absorption capacity. Alternative strategies are needed to ensure the safety of donor milk while preserving BSSL activity. Three alternative pasteurization techniques—high-pressure processing (HPP, 550 MPa, 5 min), gamma cell irradiation (IR, 2.5 Mrads) and UV-C (254 nm, 0–33,000 J/L)—were compared with Holder pasteurization (low-temperature long-time, LTLT, 62.5°C, 30 min) for retention of BSSL activity in donor breast milk. As the time required for donor milk pasteurization by UV-C in published methods was not clear, donor breast milk was spiked with seven common bacterial strains and treated by UV-C for variable time periods and the minimum UV-C dosage required to achieve a 5-log10 reduction of CFU/mL was determined. Eight thousand two hundred fifty J/L of UV-C exposure was sufficient to achieve 5-log10 reduction of each of bacterial targets, including Bacillus and Paenibacillus spores. The retention of BSSL activity was highest after HPP (retaining 62% of the untreated milk BSSL activity), followed by UV-C (16,500 J/L), IR and LTLT (35, 29, and 0.3% retention, respectively). HPP was an effective alternative to pasteurize milk with improved retention of BSSL activity compared to Holder pasteurization. Future work should investigate the effect of alternative pasteurization techniques on the entire array of bioactive components in donor breast milk and how these changes affect preterm infant health outcomes. Implementation of HPP technique at milk banks could improve donor milk-fed infant fat absorption and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ashley F Victor
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Matthew L Howell
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jooyoung G Yeo
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brandon Selover
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Joy Waite-Cusic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Ramírez R, Garrido M, Rocha-Pimienta J, García-Parra J, Delgado-Adámez J. Immunological components and antioxidant activity in human milk processed by different high pressure-thermal treatments at low initial temperature and flash holding times. Food Chem 2020; 343:128546. [PMID: 33214041 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of high pressure thermal (HPT) processing on the immunoglobulin (IgM, IgA and IgG), and cytokine content (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α), and antioxidant activity of human milk was analyzed after the application of different treatments between 200, and 800 MPa at low initial temperatures (between -15, and 50 °C) and for 1 s (flash treatments). Low pressures intensities did not induce changes in Igs while at 800 MPa, all combinations reduced the control levels. IL-6 and IL-10 were not affected by any of the treatments applied while IL-8 and TNF-α were reduced at treatments which combined temperatures at 50 °C. In general antioxidant activity was not affected at the processing conditions chosen. The flash HPT treatment applied at 600 MPa and at 0 °C could be the best choice to preserve immunological parameters and the antioxidant activity of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Ramírez
- Technological Agri-food Institute (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Garrido
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Pimienta
- Technological Agri-food Institute (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Parra
- Technological Agri-food Institute (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jonathan Delgado-Adámez
- Technological Agri-food Institute (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Badajoz, Spain.
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23
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Abstract
Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Gianni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0255-032-483
| | - Daniela Morniroli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Enrica Bettinelli
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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