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Morniroli D, Signorini L, Dolci M, Vizzari G, Ronchi A, Pietrasanta C, Pugni L, Mosca F, Delbue S, Gianni ML. Breastmilk from COVID-19 negative lactating mothers shows neutralizing activity against SARS-COV-2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15521. [PMID: 37726309 PMCID: PMC10509262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk protects newborns from infections through specific and nonspecific compounds. This study investigated the neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 of breastmilk from SARS-CoV-2 negative, unvaccinated mothers, and compared it to that from infected nursing mothers. We enrolled women after COVID-19 swab testing results upon maternity admission, and divided them into two groups: group A, COVID-19-positive mothers, and group B, negative mothers. Breastmilk was randomly sampled at 2, 7, and 20 days postpartum. We collected 19 samples for Group A and 41 for Group B. A microneutralization assay was used to determine the 50% neutralization (NT50) titre. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was also determined. Group A had 100% neutralizing samples at 2 days postpartum (T0), declining 7 days postpartum (T1) and 20 days postpartum (T2). Group B samples exhibited neutralizing activity mostly at 7 days postpartum (T1) (90%). Negative mothers' samples showed no correlation between NT50 titres and antibodies' presence, suggesting that non-specific breastmilk components may exert antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morniroli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Vizzari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pugni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Gianni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Gianni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0255-032-483
| | - Daniela Morniroli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Enrica Bettinelli
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 19, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Mosca F, Roggero P, Garbarino F, Morniroli D, Bracco B, Morlacchi L, Mallardi D, Gianni ML, Consonni D. Determinants of breastfeeding discontinuation in an Italian cohort of mother-infant dyads in the first six months of life: a randomized controlled trial. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:134. [PMID: 30400806 PMCID: PMC6219192 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among breastfeeding determinants, the marketing of breast milk substitutes might contribute to suboptimal breastfeeding rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of receiving information on breast milk substitutes on breastfeeding rates. METHODS We conducted a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial from 2012 to 2014 in a northern Italian maternity ward. We enrolled 802 Caucasian mothers who gave birth to healthy, full-term singletons with a birth weight > 2500 g and who were exclusively breastfeeding from delivery to discharge. Mothers who gave birth to infants with congenital diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, perinatal infections and/or cardio-respiratory instability and/or mothers being affected by endocrine and/or metabolic and/or gastrointestinal and/or renal diseases were excluded. Mothers were randomized to either receive (group A, n = 405) or not (group B, n = 397) written information on a breast milk substitute at discharge. Breastfeeding was promoted and supported in all mother-infant pairs equally. The mode of feeding for up to 6 months after delivery was determined by phone interview. To detect a 10% difference between groups in the discontinuation rate of exclusive breastfeeding at three months of age at 5% significance and 80% power, a total of 356 mother-infant pairs per group were needed. RESULTS The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was 91% and 92% at 7 days, 79% and 70% at 1 month, 75% and 66% at 2 months, 72% and 62% at 3 months, and 3% and 2% at 6 months in groups A and B, respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of exclusive breastfeeding (group A vs B) at 7 days and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months was as follows: 0.99 (0.95-1.03), 1.12 (1.03-1.21), 1.13 (1.03-1.24), 1.15 (1.04-1.27), and 1.49 (0.62-3.61). Nutritional, lifestyle and lactational factors were the primary contributing determinants to early breastfeeding discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that receiving written information on breast milk substitutes at hospital discharge, provided that breastfeeding support and education are offered, does not negatively affect breastfeeding rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03208114. Registered 5 July 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mosca
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Garbarino
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Morniroli
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bracco
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Morlacchi
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenica Mallardi
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Gianni
- NICU Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Commenda 12, Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Epidemiology Unit, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Gianni ML, Bezze EN, Sannino P, Baro M, Roggero P, Muscolo S, Plevani L, Mosca F. Maternal views on facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding preterm infants. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 30149811 PMCID: PMC6112147 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The supply of breast milk to preterm infants tends to occur at a lower rate than that recorded among term infants. We aimed to investigate the facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding during hospital stay according to the experiences of mothers that gave birth to premature infants requiring admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted. Mothers who had delivered a newborn with a gestational age ≤33 weeks requiring intensive care, entered the study. Basic subjects’ characteristics and infant feeding practices were also recorded. Results A total of 64 mothers were enrolled, leading to a total of 81 infants. At discharge, any breastfeeding was recorded in 66% of infants, with 27% of those infants being exclusively breastfed. Any infant was exclusively fed directly at the breast. Most mothers experienced adequate support during their infant’s hospitalization and reported satisfaction with breastfeeding. Almost all mothers felt that feeding their infant human milk was beneficial for the infant’s health. Thirty percent of the mothers reported that they had experienced some obstacles to breastfeeding. Specifically, infants born to mothers who experienced difficulties in pumping breast milk (OR = 4.6; CI 1.5–13.9) or in providing an adequate amount of milk to the infant (OR = 3.57; CI 1.1–11.5) were at higher risk of being fed with formula at discharge. Conclusions On the basis of the present results, health care professionals should target their efforts to optimize breastfeeding support for mothers of premature infants admitted to level III care, especially by improving breast milk production and endorsing direct breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Gianni
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Nicoletta Bezze
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, S.I.T.R.A. Basic Education Sector, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Sannino
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, S.I.T.R.A. Basic Education Sector, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Baro
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Muscolo
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Plevani
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Commenda 12, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Gianni ML, Roggero P, Baudry C, Fressange-Mazda C, Galli C, Agostoni C, le Ruyet P, Mosca F. An infant formula containing dairy lipids increased red blood cell membrane Omega 3 fatty acids in 4 month-old healthy newborns: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:53. [PMID: 29433457 PMCID: PMC5810037 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When breastfeeding is not possible, infants are fed formulas (IF) in which lipids are usually of plant origin. However, the use of dairy fat in combination with plant oils enables a lipid profile closer to breast milk in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition, triglyceride structure, polar lipids and cholesterol contents. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an IF containing a mix of dairy fat and plant oils on Omega-3 FA content in red blood cells (RBC). Methods This study was a monocentric, double-blind, controlled, randomized trial. Healthy term infants were fed formulas containing a mix of dairy fat and plant oils (D), plant oils (P) or plant oils supplemented with ARA and DHA (PDHA). Breastfed infants were enrolled as a reference group (BF). FA in RBC phosphatidylethanolamine was evaluated after 4 months and FA in whole blood were evaluated at enrollment and after 4 months by gas chromatography. Differences between groups were assessed using an analysis of covariance with sex and gestational age as covariates. Results Seventy IF-fed and nineteen BF infants completed the protocol. At 4 months, RBC total Omega-3 FA levels in infants fed formula D were significantly higher than in group P and similar to those in groups PDHA and BF. RBC DHA levels in group D were also higher than in group P but lower than in groups PDHA and BF. RBC n-3 DPA levels in group D were higher than in groups P, PDHA and BF. A decrease in proportions of Omega-3 FA in whole blood was observed in all groups. Conclusions A formula containing a mix of dairy lipids and plant oils increased the endogenous conversion of Omega-3 long-chain FA from precursor, leading to higher total Omega-3, DPA and DHA status in RBC than a plant oil-based formula. Modifying lipid quality in IF by adding dairy lipids should be considered as an interesting method to improve Omega-3 FA status. Trial registration Identifier NCT01611649, retrospectively registered on May 25, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Gianni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Villar J, Giuliani F, Barros F, Roggero P, Coronado Zarco IA, Rego MAS, Ochieng R, Gianni ML, Rao S, Lambert A, Ryumina I, Britto C, Chawla D, Cheikh Ismail L, Ali SR, Hirst J, Teji JS, Abawi K, Asibey J, Agyeman-Duah J, McCormick K, Bertino E, Papageorghiou AT, Figueras-Aloy J, Bhutta Z, Kennedy S. Monitoring the Postnatal Growth of Preterm Infants: A Paradigm Change. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-2467. [PMID: 29301912 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus regarding how the growth of preterm infants should be monitored or what constitutes their ideal pattern of growth, especially after term-corrected age. The concept that the growth of preterm infants should match that of healthy fetuses is not substantiated by data and, in practice, is seldom attained, particularly for very preterm infants. Hence, by hospital discharge, many preterm infants are classified as postnatal growth-restricted. In a recent systematic review, 61 longitudinal reference charts were identified, most with considerable limitations in the quality of gestational age estimation, anthropometric measures, feeding regimens, and how morbidities were described. We suggest that the correct comparator for assessing the growth of preterm infants, especially those who are moderately or late preterm, is a cohort of preterm newborns (not fetuses or term infants) with an uncomplicated intrauterine life and low neonatal and infant morbidity. Such growth monitoring should be comprehensive, as recommended for term infants, and should include assessments of postnatal length, head circumference, weight/length ratio, and, if possible, fat and fat-free mass. Preterm postnatal growth standards meeting these criteria are now available and may be used to assess preterm infants until 64 weeks' postmenstrual age (6 months' corrected age), the time at which they overlap, without the need for any adjustment, with the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards for term newborns. Despite remaining nutritional gaps, 90% of preterm newborns (ie, moderate to late preterm infants) can be monitored by using the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century Preterm Postnatal Growth Standards from birth until life at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Villar
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
| | - Francesca Giuliani
- Azienda Ospedaliera, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita Sant'Anna, Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fernando Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Paola Roggero
- NICU, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Albertina S Rego
- Departmento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lorella Gianni
- NICU, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy
| | - Suman Rao
- St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Ann Lambert
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
| | - Irina Ryumina
- Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Carl Britto
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Chawla
- Department of Paediatrics, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
| | | | - Jane Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
| | - Jagjit Singh Teji
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karim Abawi
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Bertino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
| | | | - Zulfiqar Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen Kennedy
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Oxford Maternal & Perinatal Health Institute, Green Templeton College and
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Gianni ML, Roggero P, Baudry C, Fressange-Mazda C, le Ruyet P, Mosca F. No effect of adding dairy lipids or long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on formula tolerance and growth in full term infants: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29357820 PMCID: PMC5776758 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-0985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When breastfeeding is not possible, infants are fed formulas in which lipids are usually of plant origin. However, the use of dairy fat in combination with plant oils enables a lipid profile in formula closer to breast milk in terms of fatty acid composition, triglyceride structure and cholesterol content. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact on growth and gastrointestinal tolerance of a formula containing a mix of dairy lipids and plant oils in healthy infants. Methods This study was a monocentric, double-blind, controlled, randomized trial. Healthy term infants aged less than 3 weeks whose mothers did not breastfeed were randomly allocated to formula containing either: a mix of plant oils and dairy fat (D), only plant oils (P) or plant oils supplemented with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PDHA). Breastfed infants were included in a reference group (BF). Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured after 2 and 4 months. Gastrointestinal tolerance was evaluated during 2 day-periods after 1 and 3 months thanks to descriptive parameters reported by parents. Nonrandomized BF infants were not included in the statistical analysis. Results Eighty eight formula-fed and 29 BF infants were enrolled. Gains of weight, recumbent length, cranial circumference and fat mass were similar between the 3 formula-fed groups at 2 and 4 months and close to those of BF. Z-scores for weight, recumbent length and cranial circumference in all groups were within normal ranges for growth standards. No significant differences were noted among the 3 formula groups in gastrointestinal parameters (stool frequency/consistency/color), occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, flatulence, regurgitation) or infant’s behavior. Conclusions A formula containing a mix of dairy lipids and plant oils enables a normal growth in healthy newborns. This formula is well tolerated and does not lead to abnormal gastrointestinal symptoms. Consequently, reintroduction of dairy lipids could represent an interesting strategy to improve lipid quality in infant formulas. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01611649, retrospectively registered on May 25, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lorella Gianni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS "Ca' Granda" Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Gianni ML, Mora S, Roggero P, Mosca F. Quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy x ray absorptiometry in bone status assessment of ex-preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008; 93:F146-7. [PMID: 17573411 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2007.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants are at increased risk of low bone mass. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a non-invasive method for assessment of bone status. The application of QUS in a cohort of ex-preterm infants was investigated. This study suggests that QUS cannot be used as a surrogate for dual-energy x ray absorptiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gianni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Mangiagalli, IRCCS, University Medical School, Via Commenda 12, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Gianni ML, Vegni C, Picciolini O, Gangi S, Ferraris G, Marini A. [Disability in childhood. Care and professional training regarding particularly the problems currently seen in long-term control of newborns at risk]. Pediatr Med Chir 2005; 27:50-4. [PMID: 16922044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with disability are a heterogeneous population distributed between complex conditions including physical disorders, psychomotor and neurodevelopment disorders, social role and school activities limitations. Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal diseases together with disabling chronic conditions may cause childhood disability. Data from literature show a prevalence of childhood disability ranging from 5 to 20% with a wide range of severity level. The social impact of childhood disability is extremely relevant. Children with disabilities frequently require health care services and special education. VLBW (very low birth weight infants, birth weight <1500 gr) have major disabilities (10-15%) while minor disabilities can be found in 20-25% of these subjects. The first step stays in medical prevention but also an oriented training toward these problems for doctors both in pre and post-graduate formation can play a significant role. Support of society in order to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of childhood disability, through social care services, is mandatory. These measures, apparently costly, if correctly done, will be helpful for both the individual subject and the whole society, through a reduction of the disability problems and the final economy cost impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gianni
- Istituto di Pediatria e Neonatologia, Università degli Studi di Milano.
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