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Guerreiro O, Francisco AE, Alves SP, Soldado D, Cachucho L, Chimenos AU, Duarte F, Santos-Silva J, Bessa RJ, Jerónimo E. Inclusion of the aerial part and condensed tannin extract from Cistus ladanifer L. in lamb diets – Effects on rumen microbial community and fatty acid profile. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Frazão DF, Martins-Gomes C, Steck JL, Keller J, Delgado F, Gonçalves JC, Bunzel M, Pintado CMBS, Díaz TS, Silva AM. Labdanum Resin from Cistus ladanifer L.: A Natural and Sustainable Ingredient for Skin Care Cosmetics with Relevant Cosmeceutical Bioactivities. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11111477. [PMID: 35684251 PMCID: PMC9183103 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Labdanum resin from Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae) is an abundant natural resource in the Iberian Peninsula worth being explored in a sustainable manner. It is already used in the cosmetic industry; mainly by the fragrances/perfumery sector. However, given the highest market share and traditional uses, labdanum resin also has the potential to be used and valued as a cosmetic ingredient for skincare. Aiming to evaluate this potential, labdanum methanolic absolute and fractions purified by column chromatography were characterized by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and then evaluated for UV-protection, antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Labdanum absolute represented ~70% of the resin; diterpenoid and flavonoid fractions represented ~75% and 15% of the absolute, respectively. Labdane-type diterpenoids and methylated flavonoids were the main compounds in labdanum absolute and in diterpenoid and flavonoid fractions, respectively. Labdanum absolute showed a spectrophotometric sun protection factor (SPF) near 5, which is mainly due to flavonoids, as the flavonoids’ SPF was 13. Low antioxidant activity was observed, with ABTS radical scavenging being the most significant (0.142 ± 0.017, 0.379 ± 0.039 and 0.010 ± 0.003 mgTE/mgExt, for the absolute and flavonoid and terpene fractions, respectively). Anti-aging and anti-inflammatory activity are reported here for the first time, by the inhibition of elastase activity (22% and 13%, by absolute and flavonoid extract at 1 mg/mL), and by the inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (84% to 98%, at 15 µg/mL extracts, flavonoid fraction the most active), respectively. Antimicrobial activity, against relevant skin and cosmetic product microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli, revealed that only S. aureus was susceptible to labdanum absolute (MIC: 1.2 mg/mL) and its fractions (MIC: <0.3 mg/mL). In conclusion, labdanum resin showed potential to be used in sunscreen cosmetics, anti-inflammatory skincare cosmeceuticals or medicines but has low potential as a cosmetic product preservative given the low antioxidant and low-spectrum antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Frazão
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.); (C.M.B.S.P.)
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Jan L. Steck
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.L.S.); (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Judith Keller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.L.S.); (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Fernanda Delgado
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.); (C.M.B.S.P.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco-School of Agriculture (IPCB-ESA), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - José C. Gonçalves
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.); (C.M.B.S.P.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco-School of Agriculture (IPCB-ESA), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.L.S.); (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina M. B. S. Pintado
- Plant Biotechnology Center of Beira Interior (CBPBI), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (F.D.); (J.C.G.); (C.M.B.S.P.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco-School of Agriculture (IPCB-ESA), Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sosa Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.F.F.); (C.M.-G.)
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Tena C, Santiago ADR, Osuna D, Sosa T. Phytotoxic Activity of p-Cresol, 2-Phenylethanol and 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, Phenolic Compounds Present in Cistus ladanifer L. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10061136. [PMID: 34205022 PMCID: PMC8228151 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies about the leaf exudate of Cistus ladanifer highlight this Mediterranean shrub as an allelopathic species. Despite the very high diversity of secondary metabolites identified in its labdanum, only a few components have been evaluated. p-Cresol, 2-phenylethanol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol are three phenolic components present in the labdanum of C. ladanifer whose role has not been specified to date. The present study, through a static acute toxicity test, analyzed their activity, with respect to Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa. These three separate compounds and the mixture of all of them have a more or less phytotoxic activity depending on the medium, species and concentration tested. When the test is carried out on paper, the three pure allelochemicals and their mixture at 1 mM significantly inhibited the total germination, the germination rate and the development of the Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa seedlings to a lesser extent, but when the test performed in soil, the effects on the size of roots and cotyledons are attenuated. Furthermore, in the two species tested on paper, the joint action of the three compounds at 1 mM shows a significantly greater inhibition of the measured indices than each of the compounds separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tena
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Ana del Rosario Santiago
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Department of Crop Protection, 06187 Badajoz, Spain; (A.d.R.S.); (D.O.)
| | - Dolores Osuna
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Department of Crop Protection, 06187 Badajoz, Spain; (A.d.R.S.); (D.O.)
| | - Teresa Sosa
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Gallego JCA, Caro JG, Campos VH, Lobón NC. Effect of Leaf Litter from Cistus ladanifer L. on the Germination and Growth of Accompanying Shrubland Species. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9050593. [PMID: 32392769 PMCID: PMC7285496 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most communities with the presence of Cistus ladanifer are characterised by the low richness of accompanying species, with C. ladanifer, in most cases, exceeding 70% of the coverage of woody species. This fact could be due to the allelopathic activity attributed to compounds present in the leaves of C. ladanifer, which may have a negative effect on the germination and growth of woody species that share its habitat. One of the possible ways of incorporating allelopathic compounds to the soil is the degradation of leaf litter. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine how the presence of leaf litter from C. ladanifer affects accompanying species. Under controlled conditions, we analysed the effect of C. ladanifer leaf litter on the germination and growth of seedlings of five species that share their habitat with C. ladanifer (Retama sphaerocarpa, Cytisus multiflorus, Lavandula stoechas, Cistus salviifolius, and Cistus crispus). Additionally, the effect of leaf litter on the species itself, C. ladanifer, has been studied. The experiments were designed with different concentrations of leaf litter (UL) and leaf litter from which the compounds with allelopathic activity were extracted (WL). The results show that such effect greatly depends on the analysed species, with L. stoechas being the most negatively affected species. On the other hand, C. multiflorus and C. salviifolius were only negatively affected at the stage of seedling growth. The results reveal the involvement of leaf litter in the allelopathic activity attributed to C. ladanifer and that its presence has a negative influence on the germination and growth of accompanying woody species. This shows the need to delve into the potential relevance of allelopathy as an interaction that determines the composition, structure and dynamics of a community.
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Jerónimo E, Cachucho L, Soldado D, Guerreiro O, Bessa RJB, Alves SP. Fatty Acid Content and Composition of the Morphological Fractions of Cistus Ladanifer L. and Its Seasonal Variation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071550. [PMID: 32231039 PMCID: PMC7180782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer L. is a shrub from Cistaceae family, widespread in Mediterranean countries. Fatty acids (FA) have multiple roles in plants and are involved in adaption mechanisms to environmental conditions. This work evaluated the FA content and composition of each morphological fraction of C. ladanifer (leaves, stems, flower buds, flowers and seed heads) throughout a full year. Cistus ladanifer plants were collected in southern Portugal, during four consecutive seasons (18 plants/season), and the different morphological plant fractions (leaves, stems, flower buds, flowers and seed heads) were separated. Cistus ladanifer morphological fractions showed distinct FA compositions, being possible to discriminate three groups—the leaves that showed to be dominated by saturated FA (main 20:0) and contain branched-chain FA (iso-19:0 and iso-21:0); the stems that are composed mainly by SFA (main 22:0); and the reproductive organs that showed higher contents of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and the 16:0 as the main SFA. The FA composition of leaves changed over seasons, with replacement of the PUFA by monounsaturated FA and branched-chain FA during hot seasons. Regarding the other C. ladanifer morphological fractions, the FA composition was more stable over seasons, suggesting that leaves are more prone to adaptations to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (L.C.); (D.S.); (O.G.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 351 284314399
| | - Liliana Cachucho
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (L.C.); (D.S.); (O.G.)
| | - David Soldado
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (L.C.); (D.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Olinda Guerreiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; (L.C.); (D.S.); (O.G.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.J.B.B.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Susana P. Alves
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.J.B.B.); (S.P.A.)
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Zlatić N, Jakovljević D, Stanković M. Temporal, Plant Part, and Interpopulation Variability of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Inula helenium L. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8060179. [PMID: 31213017 PMCID: PMC6630240 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Variations in abiotic environmental factors have significant effects on quantity and quality of secondary metabolites, which is particularly important for plant species that possess biologically active compounds. The purpose of this study is determination of the total phenolic content, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of the different parts of Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae) sampled from different populations and in different time periods. The amounts obtained for the total phenolics varied from 16.73 to 89.85 mg of gallic acid (GA)/g. The concentration of flavonoids ranged from 9.32 to 376.22 mg of rutin (Ru)/g. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method varied from 161.60 to 1563.02 μg/ml. The inflorescence and roots possessed high concentration of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity, while leaves contained the highest concentration of flavonoids. Additionally, the quantity of the phenolics, as well as antioxidant activity, significantly varied among the different populations due to different impacts of environmental factors. This research showed that I. helenium represents an abundant source of bioactive substances, and that the quantity of these compounds greatly differs among the different populations as well as in the same populations regarding the different time periods as well as plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Zlatić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Dragana Jakovljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Milan Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
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Yeddes W, Chalghoum A, Aidi-Wannes W, Ksouri R, Saidani Tounsi M. Effect of bioclimatic area and season on phenolics and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1577305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Yeddes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Borj Cedria Biotechnology Center, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkader Chalghoum
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Valorization and Research Support Space, Center of Biotechnology, Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Aidi-Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Borj Cedria Biotechnology Center, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Borj Cedria Biotechnology Center, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Borj Cedria Biotechnology Center, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Chaves Lobón N, Ferrer de la Cruz I, Alías Gallego JC. Autotoxicity of Diterpenes Present in Leaves of Cistus ladanifer L. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8020027. [PMID: 30678267 PMCID: PMC6410244 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer has been described as an allelopathic and autoallelopathic species, and the compounds that could be involved in its autotoxicity are the flavonoids and diterpenes present in the exudate of its leaves. The aim of this study was to determine which family of compounds, either phenols or terpenes, are responsible for the autoallelopathic activity quantified in C. ladanifer. These compounds were extracted from the exudate of young leaves collected in spring and separated by column chromatography into two fractions: diterpenes and flavonoids. The obtained results showed that flavonoids, at the tested concentrations, did not have a negative effect on any of the parameters quantified in the germination process of C. ladanifer seeds. On the other hand, the germination, seedling size and seedling establishment, quantified through the germination index and rate, were negatively affected by the tested diterpene solutions. In view of the obtained results, it was concluded that the compounds involved in the autoallelopathy process of C. ladanifer are diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Chaves Lobón
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Irene Ferrer de la Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Alías Gallego
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Haberstroh S, Kreuzwieser J, Lobo-do-Vale R, Caldeira MC, Dubbert M, Werner C. Terpenoid Emissions of Two Mediterranean Woody Species in Response to Drought Stress. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1071. [PMID: 30083180 PMCID: PMC6064746 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental constrain affecting plant performance and survival, particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems. Terpenoids may play a protective role under these conditions, however, observations of drought effects on plant terpenoid emissions are controversial ranging from decreased emissions to unaffected or increased release of terpenoids. In the present study we investigated terpenoid emissions of cork oak (Quercus suber) and gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer) in response to summer drought stress in 2017. Pre-dawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) decreased from -0.64 to -1.72 MPa in Q. suber and from -1.69 to -4.05 MPa in C. ladanifer, indicating a transition from mild to severe drought along summer. Total terpenoid emissions decreased with drought, but differed significantly between species (p < 0.001) and in response to ΨPD, air temperature and assimilation rates. C. ladanifer emitted a large variety of >75 compounds comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and even diterpenes, which strongly decreased from 1.37 ± 0.23 μg g-1h-1 to 0.40 ± 0.08 μg g-1h-1 (p < 0.001) in response to drought. Total emission rates were positively correlated to air temperature (p < 0.001). C. ladanifer behavior points toward terpenoid leaf storage depletion and reduced substrate availability for terpenoid synthesis with increasing drought, most likely accelerated by high air temperatures. Q. suber emitted mainly monoterpenes and emissions declined significantly from June (0.50 ± 0.08 μg g-1h-1) to August (0.29 ± 0.02 μg g-1h-1) (p < 0.01). Emission rates were weakly correlated with net assimilation rates (R2 = 0.19, p < 0.001), but did not respond strongly to ΨPD and air temperature. Early onset of drought in 2017 most likely reduced plant metabolism in Q. suber, resulting in diminished, but stable terpenoid fluxes. Calculation of standard emission factors (at 30°C) revealed contrasting emission patterns of decreasing, unaffected, or increasing fluxes of single terpenoid compounds. Unaffected or drought-enhanced emissions of compounds such as α-pinene, camphene or manoyl oxide may point toward a specific role of these terpenoids in abiotic stress adaptation. In conclusion, these results suggest a strong negative, but species- and compound-specific effect of severe drought on terpenoid fluxes in Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Raquel Lobo-do-Vale
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Fasbender L, Kreuzwieser J, Dubbert D, Haberstroh S, Lobo-do-Vale R, Caldeira MC, Werner C. Volatile diterpene emission by two Mediterranean Cistaceae shrubs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6855. [PMID: 29717178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean vegetation emits a wide range of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) among which isoprenoids present quantitatively the most important compound class. Here, we investigated the isoprenoid emission from two Mediterranean Cistaceae shrubs, Halimium halimifolium and Cistus ladanifer, under controlled and natural conditions, respectively. For the first time, diurnal emission patterns of the diterpene kaurene were detected in real-time by Proton-Transfer-Reaction-Time-of-Flight-Mass-Spectrometer. Kaurene emissions were strongly variable among H. halimifolium plants, ranging from 0.01 ± 0.003 to 0.06 ± 0.01 nmol m−2 s−1 in low and high emitting individuals, respectively. They were in the same order of magnitude as monoterpene (0.01 ± 0.01 to 0.11 ± 0.04 nmol m−2 s−1) and sesquiterpene (0.01 ± 0.01 to 0.52 nmol m−2 s−1) emission rates. Comparable range and variability was found for C. ladanifer under natural conditions. Labelling with 13C-pyruvate suggested that emitted kaurene was not derived from de novo biosynthesis. The high kaurene content in leaves, the weak relationship with ecophysiological parameters and the tendency of higher emissions with increasing temperatures in the field indicate an emission from storage pools. This study highlights significant emissions of kaurene from two Mediterranean shrub species, indicating that the release of diterpenes into the atmosphere should probably deserve more attention in the future.
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Frazão DF, Raimundo JR, Domingues JL, Quintela-Sabarís C, Gonçalves JC, Delgado F. Cistus ladanifer (Cistaceae): a natural resource in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Planta 2018; 247:289-300. [PMID: 29218421 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer has a well-defined taxonomic identity. 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone may be an authenticity and taxonomic marker. Its traits and applications make it a possible economic resource fitted for Mediterranean areas. Cistus ladanifer is a dominant shrub species endemic to the western Mediterranean region. Due to its dominant nature and its potential ecological, aromatic or pharmacological applications, C. ladanifer has been the object of numerous studies. In this review current knowledge on different aspects of this species is summarized, from its taxonomy to its chemical characterisation or its competitive traits. There are no doubts about the taxonomic entity of C. ladanifer, although the recognition of infraspecific taxa deserves more attention. Given that the fragrant exudate of C. ladanifer holds a very specific composition, one species specific carotenoid, 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, derivative is proposed as an authenticity marker for uses of C. ladanifer in pharmacological or aromatic industries. Evidence is also gathered on the extreme adaptation of C. ladanifer to stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region, such as the ability to survive in low hydric and high solar exposition conditions, presistence in poor and contaminated soils, and growth inhibition of several other plants through the release of allelochemicals. Thus, the finding of potential applications for this plant may contribute to enhance the economic dimension of derelict lands, such as mine tailings or poor agricultural Mediterranean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Frazão
- CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Joana R Raimundo
- CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Joana L Domingues
- CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Celestino Quintela-Sabarís
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (UMR 1120, INRA-Univ. Lorraine), ENSAIA, 2 Av. de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - José C Gonçalves
- CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- IPCB-ESA, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- CERNAS/IPCB, Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade/Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Delgado
- CBPBI, Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
- IPCB-ESA, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, Apartado 119, 6001-909, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
- CERNAS/IPCB, Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Sociedade/Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
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Valares Masa C, Alías Gallego JC, Chaves Lobón N, Sosa Díaz T. Intra-Population Variation of Secondary Metabolites in Cistus ladanifer L. Molecules 2016; 21:E945. [PMID: 27455211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, secondary metabolites in the leaf exudate of Cistus ladanifer, specifically aglycone flavonoids and diterpenes, were demonstrated to play an ecophysiological role. They protect against ultraviolet radiation, have antiherbivore activity, and are allelopathic agents. Their synthesis in the plant was also found to vary quantitatively and qualitatively in response to various environmental factors. In view of these findings, the present work was designed to clarify whether within a single population there are differences among individuals subject to the same environmental conditions. To this end, we analyzed the leaves of 100 individuals of C. ladanifer. The results showed the existence of intrapopulational variation, since, although all the individuals had the same composition of secondary chemistry, the amounts were different. The individuals of a given population of C. ladanifer differ from each other even when growing under similar conditions. According to the ammount of flavonoids and diterpenes observed in each individual, it was possible to distinguish four different groups of individuals. Most individuals, evenly distributed within the population, had low concentrations of the studied compounds, whilst other individuals synthesized greater amounts and were randomly distributed among the former. Given the functions of flavonoids and diterpenes in this species, the quantified intra-population variation may involve greater plasticity for the species in the face of environmental changes.
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Valares Masa C, Sosa Díaz T, Alías Gallego JC, Chaves Lobón N. Quantitative Variation of Flavonoids and Diterpenes in Leaves and Stems of Cistus ladanifer L. at Different Ages. Molecules 2016; 21:275. [PMID: 26927053 PMCID: PMC6274041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The compounds derived from secondary metabolism in plants perform a variety of ecological functions, providing the plant with resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. The basal levels of these metabolites for each organ, tissue or cell type depend on the development stage of the plant and they may be modified as a response to biotic and/or abiotic stress. As a consequence, the resistance state of a plant may vary in space and time. The secondary metabolites of Cistus ladanifer have been quantified in leaves and stems throughout autumn, winter, spring and summer, and at different ages of the plant. This study shows that there are significant differences between young leaves, mature leaves and stems, and between individuals of different ages. Young leaves show significantly greater synthesis of flavonoids and diterpenes than mature leaves and stems, with a clear seasonal variation, and the differences between leaves at different growth stages and stems is maintained during the quantified seasons. With respect to age, specimens under one year of age secreted significantly lower amounts of compounds. The variation in the composition of secondary metabolites between different parts of the plant, the season and the variations in age may determine the interactions of Cistus ladanifer with the biotic and abiotic factors to which it is exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valares Masa
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Teresa Sosa Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Alías Gallego
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Natividad Chaves Lobón
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Papaefthimiou D, Papanikolaou A, Falara V, Givanoudi S, Kostas S, Kanellis AK. Genus Cistus: a model for exploring labdane-type diterpenes' biosynthesis and a natural source of high value products with biological, aromatic, and pharmacological properties. Front Chem 2014; 2:35. [PMID: 24967222 PMCID: PMC4052220 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Cistaceae (Angiosperm, Malvales) consists of 8 genera and 180 species, with 5 genera native to the Mediterranean area (Cistus, Fumara, Halimium, Helianthemum, and Tuberaria). Traditionally, a number of Cistus species have been used in Mediterranean folk medicine as herbal tea infusions for healing digestive problems and colds, as extracts for the treatment of diseases, and as fragrances. The resin, ladano, secreted by the glandular trichomes of certain Cistus species contains a number of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, total leaf aqueous extracts possess anti-influenza virus activity. All these properties have been attributed to phytochemicals such as terpenoids, including diterpenes, labdane-type diterpenes and clerodanes, phenylpropanoids, including flavonoids and ellagitannins, several groups of alkaloids and other types of secondary metabolites. In the past 20 years, research on Cistus involved chemical, biological and phylogenetic analyses but recent investigations have involved genomic and molecular approaches. Our lab is exploring the biosynthetic machinery that generates terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, with a goal to harness their numerous properties that have applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical and aromatic industries. This review focuses on the systematics, botanical characteristics, geographic distribution, chemical analyses, biological function and biosynthesis of major compounds, as well as genomic analyses and biotechnological approaches of the main Cistus species found in the Mediterranean basin, namely C. albidus, C. creticus, C. crispus, C. parviflorus, C. monspeliensis, C. populifolius, C. salviifolius, C. ladanifer, C. laurifolius, and C. clusii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigoni Papanikolaou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Falara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of DelawareNewark, DE, USA
| | - Stella Givanoudi
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Floriculture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece
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Rashid K, Wachira FN, Nyabuga JN, Wanyonyi B, Murilla G, Isaac AO. Kenyan purple tea anthocyanins ability to cross the blood brain barrier and reinforce brain antioxidant capacity in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 17:178-85. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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