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Chen G, Stepanenko A, Borisjuk N. Contrasting patterns of 5S rDNA repeats in European and Asian ecotypes of greater duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378683. [PMID: 38711607 PMCID: PMC11070557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) contains highly conserved, specifically organized sequences encoding ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) separated by variable non-transcribed intergenic spacers (NTSs) and is abundant in eukaryotic genomes. These characteristics make the rDNA an informative molecular target to study genome organization, molecular evolution, and phylogenetics. In this study, we characterized the 5S rDNA repeats in the greater duckweed Spiroldela polyrhiza, a species known for its small size, rapid growth, highly conserved genome organization, and low mutation rate. Sequence analysis of at least 12 individually cloned PCR fragments containing the 5S rDNA units for each of six ecotypes that originated from Europe (Ukraine) and Asia (China) revealed two distinct types of 5S rDNA repeats containing NTSs of different lengths and nucleotide compositions. The shorter 5S rDNA repeat units had a highly homogeneous 400-bp NTS, with few ecotype- or region-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The longer 5S rDNA units had NTSs of 1056-1084 bp with characteristic intra- and inter-genomic variants due to specific SNPs and insertions/deletions of 4-15-bp DNA elements. We also detected significant variability in the ratio of short/long 5S rDNA variants between ecotypes of S. polyrhiza. The contrasting dynamics of the two types of 5S rDNA units, combined with the unusually low repeat copy number (for plants) in S. polyrhiza (46-220 copies per genome), shows that this species could serve as an excellent model for examining the mechanisms of concerted evolution and functional significance of rDNA variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Anton Stepanenko
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
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Yang J, Zhao X, Wang X, Xia M, Ba S, Lim BL, Hou H. Biomonitoring of heavy metals and their phytoremediation by duckweeds: Advances and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118015. [PMID: 38141920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of water bodies severely threatens human and ecosystem health. There is growing interest in the use of duckweeds for HMs biomonitoring and phytoremediation due to their fast growth, low cultivation costs, and excellent HM uptake efficiency. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on duckweeds and their suitability for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation. Duckweeds have been used for phytotoxicity assays since the 1930s. Some toxicity tests based on duckweeds have been listed in international guidelines. Duckweeds have also been recognized for their ability to facilitate HM phytoremediation in aquatic environments. Large-scale screening of duckweed germplasm optimized for HM biomonitoring and phytoremediation is still essential. We further discuss the morphological, physiological, and molecular effects of HMs on duckweeds. However, the existing data are clearly insufficient, especially in regard to dissection of the transcriptome, metabolome, proteome responses and molecular mechanisms of duckweeds under HM stresses. We also evaluate the influence of environmental factors, exogenous substances, duckweed community composition, and HM interactions on their HM sensitivity and HM accumulation, which need to be considered in practical application scenarios. Finally, we identify challenges and propose approaches for improving the effectiveness of duckweeds for bioremediation from the aspects of selection of duckweed strain, cultivation optimization, engineered duckweeds. We foresee great promise for duckweeds as phytoremediation agents, providing environmentally safe and economically efficient means for HM removal. However, the primary limiting issue is that so few researchers have recognized the outstanding advantages of duckweeds. We hope that this review can pique the interest and attention of more researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Manli Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Sang Ba
- Center for Carbon Neutrality in the Third Pole of the Earth, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China; Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Wetland and Watershed Ecosystem, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Rai PK, Nongtri ES. Heavy metals/-metalloids (As) phytoremediation with Landoltia punctata and Lemna sp. (duckweeds): coupling with biorefinery prospects for sustainable phytotechnologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16216-16240. [PMID: 38334920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals/-metalloids can result in serious human health hazards. Phytoremediation is green bioresource technology for the remediation of heavy metals and arsenic (As). However, there exists a knowledge gap and systematic information on duckweed-based metal phytoremediation in an eco-sustainable way. Therefore, the present review offers a critical discussion on the effective use of duckweeds (genera Landoltia and Lemna)-based phytoremediation to decontaminate metallic contaminants from wastewater. Phytoextraction and rhizofiltration were the major mechanism in 'duckweed bioreactors' that can be dependent on physico-chemical factors and plant-microbe interactions. The biotechnological advances such as gene manipulations can accelerate the duckweed-based phytoremediation process. High starch and protein contents of the metal-loaded duckweed biomass facilitate their use as feedstock in biorefinery. Biorefinery prospects such as bioenergy production, value-added products, and biofertilizers can augment the circular economy approach. Coupling duckweed-based phytoremediation with biorefinery can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl, 796004, India.
| | - Emacaree S Nongtri
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl, 796004, India
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Boonmak C, Kettongruang S, Buranathong B, Morikawa M, Duangmal K. Duckweed-associated bacteria as plant growth-promotor to enhance growth of Spirodela polyrhiza in wastewater effluent from a poultry farm. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:43. [PMID: 38148332 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed has been highlighted as an invaluable resource because of its abilities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater coupling with the production of high starch/protein-containing plant biomass. Duckweed recruits microbes and particularly forms a stable "core" bacterial microbiota, which greatly reduces the colonization efficiency of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). In this study, natural duckweeds were enriched in a sterilized-partially treated wastewater effluent from a poultry farm. After 24 days of cultivation, the duckweed-associated bacteria (DAB) were isolated and evaluated for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) potentials by co-cultivation with axenic Spirodela polyrhiza. Ten species were found in more than one location and could be considered candidates for the stable "core" DAB. Among them, all isolates of Acinetobacter soli, Acidovorax kalamii, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas toyotomiensis, and Shinella curvata increased duckweed growth in Hoagland medium. The highest PGP ability was observed in Sh. curvata W12-8 (with EPG value of 208.72%), followed by Paracoccus marcusii W7-16 (171.31%), Novosphingobium subterraneum W5-13 (156.96%), and Ac. kalamii W7-18 (156.96%). However, the highest growth promotion in the wastewater was observed when co-cultured with W7-16, which was able to increase biomass dry weight and root length of duckweed by 3.17 and 2.26 folds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Boonmak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource and Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Sirapat Kettongruang
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Buranaporn Buranathong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Masaaki Morikawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kannika Duangmal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Duckweed Holobiont Resource and Research Center (DHbRC), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Ekperusi AO, Sikoki FD, Nwachukwu EO. Sorption of cadmium, chromium, lead, and vanadium from artificial wetlands using Lemna aequinoctialis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:873-881. [PMID: 37897245 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2272766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of the lesser duckweed, Lemna aequinoctialis (Welw.), to remediate varying concentrations of cadmium, chromium, lead, and vanadium from an organo-metallic contaminated media was tested in artificial surface wetland mesocosm experiment. A 100 g of fresh-weight duckweed was introduced into each of the mesocosm, except for the control setup and monitored for 120 days while the metals removal rate was quantified using an atomic absorption spectrometer. A time-dependent and partial sorption of metals was observed with the highest removal rate recorded for cadmium (71.96%), followed by lead (69.23%), vanadium (55.22%), and chromium (41.64%). The uptake and bioaccumulation of metals were reflected in the increased plant biomass (p < 0.05, F = 97.12) and relative growth rate (p < 0.05, F = 1214.35) in duckweed. A coefficient (r2) of 0.951, 0.919, 0.970, and 0.967 was recorded for cadmium, chromium, lead, and vanadium respectively, indicating that the remediation of metals followed the first-order kinetic rate model. This study highlights the efficacy of the lesser duckweed to preferentially remediate metals in an organo-metallic complex medium for potential wastewater treatment in the petrochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham O Ekperusi
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Francis D Sikoki
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Eunice O Nwachukwu
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Gulmez O, Aksakal O, Baris O, Bayram E. Pseudomonas stutzeri improves the tolerance of Lemna minor to Cu(OH) 2 nanopesticide by regulating the uptake of copper, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the expression of metacaspase-1, chlorophyllase, and stress-responsive genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108002. [PMID: 37699291 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Pseudomonas stutzeri inoculation on Lemna minor treated with Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide (NP). The results showed that P. stutzeri inoculation increased the relative growth rate (RGR) in NP-treated plants. Although chlorophyll and carotenoid contents decreased significantly in NP-treated plants, P. stutzeri inoculation led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in NP-treated plants. Copper (Cu) content increased with increasing NP concentration, but it decreased significantly in the presence of P. stutzeri. NP treatment caused increased H2O2 and TBARS levels, as well as proline levels. However, P. stutzeri inoculation led to decreased H2O2 and TBARS levels and increased SOD, POX, GST, GR, GPX, and DHAR activities. The expression of genes encoding SOD, GST, metacaspase-1, and chlorophyllase was upregulated by NP treatment alone. Additionally, when plants were inoculated with P. stutzeri, the expression of these genes was further enhanced. In conclusion, P. stutzeri inoculation had a positive effect on the growth and antioxidant system of L. minor treated with NP as it enhanced RGR, increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and decreased Cu content and oxidative stress. These findings suggested that P. stutzeri has the potential to promote aquatic plant growth and counteract the negative impacts of NP on these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gulmez
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Aksakal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Baris
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Naturel and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Bayram
- Department of Criminalistics, Applied and Natural Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Oláh V, Appenroth KJ, Sree KS. Duckweed: Research Meets Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3307. [PMID: 37765471 PMCID: PMC10535908 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The Special Issue "Duckweed: Research Meets Applications" of the journal Plants (ISSN 2223-7747) presents a comprehensive update of the current progress in the field [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Klaus-Juergen Appenroth
- Matthias Schleiden Institute–Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K. Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671320, India
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Peterson A, Kishchenko O, Kuhlmann M, Tschiersch H, Fuchs J, Tikhenko N, Schubert I, Nagel M. Cryopreservation of Duckweed Genetic Diversity as Model for Long-Term Preservation of Aquatic Flowering Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3302. [PMID: 37765466 PMCID: PMC10534739 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Vegetatively propagating aquatic angiosperms, the Lemnaceae family (duckweeds) represents valuable genetic resources for circular bioeconomics and other sustainable applications. Due to extremely fast growth and laborious cultivation of in vitro collections, duckweeds are an urgent subject for cryopreservation. We developed a robust and fast DMSO-free protocol for duckweed cryopreservation by vitrification. A single-use device was designed for sampling of duckweed fronds from donor culture, further spin-drying, and subsequent transferring to cryo-tubes with plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3). Following cultivation in darkness and applying elevated temperatures during early regrowth stage, a specific pulsed illumination instead of a diurnal regime enabled successful regrowth after the cryopreservation of 21 accessions of Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, and Wolffia genera, including interspecific hybrids, auto- and allopolyploids. Genome size measurements revealed no quantitative genomic changes potentially caused by cryopreservation. The expression of CBF/DREB1 genes, considered as key factors in the development of freezing tolerance, was studied prior to cooling but was not linked with duckweed regrowth after rewarming. Despite preserving chlorophyll fluorescence after rewarming, the rewarmed fronds demonstrated nearly zero photosynthetic activity, which did not recover. The novel protocol provides the basis for future routine application of cryostorage to duckweed germplasm collections, saving labor for in vitro cultivation and maintaining characterized reference and mutant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Peterson
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kishchenko
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Markus Kuhlmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Natalia Tikhenko
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ingo Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben (ROR (Research Organization Registry)-ID of IPK: https://ror.org/02skbsp27), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; (O.K.); (M.K.); (H.T.); (J.F.); (N.T.); (I.S.)
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