1
|
Wang X, Qiu W, Hu G, Diao X, Li Y, Li Y, Li P, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xue C, Cao Y, Xu Z. NS7a of SADS-CoV promotes viral infection via inducing apoptosis to suppress type III interferon production. J Virol 2024; 98:e0031724. [PMID: 38624231 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00317-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine coronavirus with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced host cell apoptosis and innate immunity antagonization has been revealed, underlying signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that infection of SADS-CoV induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and that viral protein NS7a is mainly responsible for SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis in host cells. Furthermore, we found that NS7a interacted with apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) to activate caspase-3 via caspase-6 in SADS-CoV-infected cells, and enhanced SADS-CoV replication. Importantly, NS7a suppressed poly(I:C)-induced expression of type III interferon (IFN-λ) via activating caspase-3 to cleave interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and caspase-3 inhibitor protects piglets against SADS-CoV infection in vivo. These findings reveal how SADS-CoV induced apoptosis to inhibit innate immunity and provide a valuable clue to the development of effective drugs for the clinical control of SADS-CoV infection.IMPORTANCEOver the last 20 years, multiple animal-originated coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have caused millions of deaths, seriously jeopardized human health, and hindered social development, indicating that the study of animal-originated coronaviruses with potential for cross-species transmission is particularly important. Bat-originated swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), discovered in 2017, can not only cause fatal diarrhea in piglets, but also infect multiple human cells, with a potential risk of cross-species transmission, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NS7a of SADS-CoV suppresses IFN-λ production via apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1)-caspase-6-caspase-3-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway, and caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) can effectively inhibit SADS-CoV replication and protect infected piglets. Our findings in this study contribute to a better understanding of SADS-CoV-host interactions as a part of the coronaviruses pathogenesis and using apoptosis-inhibitor as a drug as potential therapeutic approaches for prevention and control of SADS-CoV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan Y, Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Xin H, Zhou Y, Hu X, Dai Y, Ataya FS, Chen F. Isolation, characterization, evaluation of pathogenicity, and immunomodulation through interferon production of duck adenovirus type-3 (DAdV-3). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103411. [PMID: 38215507 PMCID: PMC10825357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Duck adenovirus type-3 (DAdV-3) is a poorly characterized duck virus. A comprehensive analysis of the DAdV-3 pathogenicity and host immune response could be a valuable addition. Herein, DAdV-3 was isolated from Muscovy duck and virus-specific genes were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained gene fragments were sequenced and compared with the reference sequence. Results confirmed that the clinically isolated virus was DAdV-3, named as HF-AN-2020. To evaluate DAdV-3 host immune response, the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, MAVS, and NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of IFN-β and IFN-γ were 32.6- and 28.6-fold, respectively, higher (P < 0.01) than the control group. It was found that the upregulation of STING and NF-κB pathways was directly involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β). Furthermore, the gene regulation pathways consecutively upregulated the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, MAVS, and NF-κB up to 31.6, 10.5, 31.4, 2.2, and 2.6-fold, respectively, higher (P < 0.01) than the control group. The TCID50 of DAdV-3 for Muscovy duck and chicken was 10-3.24/0.1 mL with 0% mortality, indicating low pathogenicity in both Muscovy ducks and chickens, but DAdV-3 can induce higher expression of interferons. Genome analysis showed mutations in 4 amino acids located in ORF19B (Ser to Thr), ORF66 (Leu to Phe, Ile to Leu), and ORF67 (Gly to stop codon). This study provides essential and basic information for further research on the mechanism of the cellular immune responses against adenoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Tsinghua- Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su X, Zhou H, Xu F, Zhang J, Xiao B, Qi Q, Lin L, Yang B. Chaperonin TRiC/CCT subunit CCT7 is involved in the replication of canine parvovirus in F81 cells. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346894. [PMID: 38384266 PMCID: PMC10879588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is one of the most common lethal viruses in canines. The virus disease is prevalent throughout the year, with high morbidity and mortality rate, causing serious harm to dogs and the dog industry. Previously, yeast two hybrid method was used to screen the protein chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT7) that interacts with VP2. However, the mechanism of interactions between CCT7 and VP2 on CPV replication remains unclear. In this study, we first verified the interaction between CCT7 and viral VP2 proteins using yeast one-to-one experiment and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) experiment. Laser confocal microscopy observation showed that CCT7 and VP2 were able to co-localize and were mostly localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, the study of VP2 truncated mutant found that the interaction region of VP2 with CCT7 was located between amino acids 231 and 320. Cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments showed that CCT7 can improve the stability of VP2 protein. After further regulation of CCT7 expression in F81 cells, it was found that the expression level of VP2 protein was significantly reduced after knocking down CCT7 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) or HSF1A inhibitor, and increased after overexpressing host CCT7. The study reveals the role of VP2 interacting protein CCT7 in the replication process of CPV, which could provide a potential target for the prevention and control of CPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, You G, Haiyilati A, Wang H, Jiao H, Wang Y, Gao L, Cao H, Li X, Zheng SJ. Critical Role of Viral Protein Hexon in Hypervirulent Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4-Induced Autophagy by Interaction with BAG3 and Promotion of Viral Replication in LMH Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0028423. [PMID: 37255472 PMCID: PMC10308884 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00284-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-pericardial syndrome (HHS) is an acute highly infectious avian disease caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), characterized by fulminant hepatitis and hydropericardium in broilers. Since 2015, a widespread epidemic has occurred in China due to the emergence of hypervirulent FAdV-4 (HPFAdV-4), causing huge losses to the stakeholders. However, the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 and the host responses to its infection remain elusive. Here, we show that infection of leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells by HPFAdV-4 induced complete autophagy in cells and that the autophagy induced by recombinant HPFAdV-4-ON1 (rHPFAdV-4-ON1), a viral strain generated by replacing the hexon gene of wild-type HPFAdV-4 (HPFAdV-4-WT) with the one of nonpathogenic strain FAdV-4-ON1, was remarkably mitigated compared to that of the rHPFAdV-4-WT control, suggesting that HPFAdV-4 hexon is responsible for virus-induced autophagy. Importantly, we found that hexon interacted with a cellular protein, BAG3, a host protein that initiates autophagy, and that BAG3 expression increased in cells infected with HPFAdV-4. Furthermore, knockdown of BAG3 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly inhibited HPFAdV-4- or hexon-induced autophagy and suppressed viral replication. On the contrary, expression of hexon markedly upregulated the expression of BAG3 via activating the P38 signaling pathway, triggering autophagy. Thus, these findings reveal that HPFAdV-4 hexon interacts with the host protein BAG3 and promotes BAG3 expression by activating P38 signaling pathway, thereby inducing autophagy and enhancing viral proliferation, which immensely furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 infection. IMPORTANCE HHS, mainly caused by HPFAdV-4, has caused large economic losses to the stakeholders in recent years. Infection of leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells by HPFAdV-4 induced complete autophagy that is essential for HPFAdV-4 replication. By a screening strategy, the viral protein hexon was found responsible for virus-induced autophagy in cells. Importantly, hexon was identified as a factor promoting viral replication by interaction with BAG3, an initiator of host cell autophagy. These findings will help us to better understand the host response to HPFAdV-4 infection, providing a novel insight into the pathogenesis of HPFAdV-4 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangju You
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Areayi· Haiyilati
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongnuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixuan Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du Q, Zhang X, Xu N, Ma M, Miao B, Huang Y, Tong D. Chaperonin CCT5 binding with porcine parvovirus NS1 promotes the interaction of NS1 and COPƐ to facilitate viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2022; 274:109574. [PMID: 36126504 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive disorders in first pregnant sows. The non-structure protein NS1 of PPV is a multifunctional protein playing a key role in viral replication. Chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide complex (CCT), containing CCT1-CCT8 subunits, belongs to the type II chaperones that interact with proteins to help in folding and maintaining. In this study, CCT5, for the first time, was found to be one of the host interacting proteins of PPV NS1, and CCT5 was directly bound with NS1. Interference of CCT5 expression by specific siRNA and knockout of CCT5 expression by CRISPR/Cas9 suppressed PPV replication, while overexpression of CCT5 promoted PPV replication in PK-15 cells. The interaction of CCT5 and PPV NS1 was dependent on the 36-42 aa motif at the N-terminal end of NS1. More importantly, CCT5 was also found interacting with COPƐ, which has previously been demonstrated to promote PPV replication by regulating type I interferon. Interference and knockout of CCT5 expression significantly reduced the interaction of PPV NS1 and host protein COPƐ, and promoted the IFN-β expression. These results show that CCT5 mediates the interaction of PPV NS1 and COPƐ to regulate viral replication, providing new insight into the mechanism of PPV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ning Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bicheng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao J, Liu S, Liu M, Wang S, Bi Z, Fan W, Shi Z, Song S, Yan L. Hsp70 Inhibits the Replication of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 by Suppressing Viral Hexon with the Assistance of DnaJC7. J Virol 2022; 96:e0080722. [PMID: 35852354 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection results in serious hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in broilers, which has caused great economic losses to the poultry industry; however, the specific host responses to FAdV-4 remain unknown. In this study, we identified 141 high-confidence protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the main viral proteins (Hexon, Fiber 1, Fiber 2, and Penton bases) and host proteins via a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. We found that heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), the protein with the highest score, and its cofactor DnaJ heat shock protein 40 family member C7 (DnaJC7) could negatively regulate the replication of FAdV-4. Furthermore, the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of Hsp70 and the J domain of DnaJC7 were necessary for inhibiting FAdV-4 replication. We verified that DnaJC7 as a bridge could bind to Hsp70 and Hexon, assisting the indirect interaction between Hsp70 and Hexon. In addition, we found that FAdV-4 infection strongly induced the expression of autophagy proteins and cellular Hsp70 in a dose-dependent manner. Blockage of Hexon by Hsp70 overexpression was significantly reduced when the autophagy pathway was blocked by the specific inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Our results showed that Hsp70 was co-opted by DnaJC7 to interact with viral Hexon and inhibited Hexon through the autophagy pathway, leading to a considerable restriction of FAdV-4 replication. IMPORTANCE FAdV-4, as the main cause of HHS, has quickly spread all over the world in recent years, seriously threatening the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to identify the important host proteins that have the potential to regulate the life cycle of FAdV-4. We found that Hsp70 and DnaJC7 played crucial roles in regulating the amount of viral Hexon and extracellular viral titers. Moreover, we demonstrated that Hsp70 interacted with viral Hexon with the assistance of DnaJC7, followed by suppressing Hexon protein through the autophagy pathway. These results provide new insight into the role of the molecular chaperone complex Hsp70-DnaJC7 in FAdV-4 infection and suggest a novel strategy for anti-FAdV-4 drug development by targeting the specific interactions among Hsp70, DnaJC7 and Hexon.
Collapse
|
7
|
Haiyilati A, Zhou L, Li J, Li W, Gao L, Cao H, Wang Y, Li X, Zheng SJ. Gga-miR-30c-5p Enhances Apoptosis in Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4-Infected Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cells and Facilitates Viral Replication through Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050990. [PMID: 35632731 PMCID: PMC9146396 DOI: 10.3390/v14050990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the primary causative agent responsible for the hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in chickens, leading to considerable economic losses to stakeholders. Although the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 infection has gained attention, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. Here, we showed that the ectopic expression of gga-miR-30c-5p in leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells enhanced apoptosis in FAdV-4-infected LMH cells by directly targeting the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), facilitating viral replication. On the contrary, the inhibition of endogenous gga-miR-30c-5p markedly suppressed apoptosis and viral replication in LMH cells. Importantly, the overexpression of Mcl-1 inhibited gga-miR-30c-5p or FAdV-4-induced apoptosis in LMH cells, reducing FAdV-4 replication, while the knockdown of Mcl-1 by RNAi enhanced apoptosis in LMH cells. Furthermore, transfection of LMH cells with gga-miR-30c-5p mimics enhanced FAdV-4-induced apoptosis associated with increased cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. Thus, gga-miR-30c-5p enhances FAdV-4-induced apoptosis by directly targeting Mcl-1, a cellular anti-apoptotic protein, facilitating FAdV-4 replication in host cells. These findings could help to unravel the mechanism of how a host responds against FAdV-4 infection at an RNA level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areayi Haiyilati
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-(10)-6273-4681 (S.J.Z.)
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.H.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (W.L.); (L.G.); (H.C.); (Y.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (S.J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-(10)-6273-4681 (S.J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao S, Chen H, Zhang X, Zhao J, Wang Z. Cellular protein HSC70 promotes fowl adenovirus serotype 4 replication in LMH cells via interacting with viral 100K protein. Poult Sci 2022. [PMID: 35679674 PMCID: PMC9189218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the predominant causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), has caused severe economic losses to poultry industry since 2015. Although fiber2 and hexon have been confirmed to be the virulence-related factors, the roles of nonstructural viral proteins in pathogenicity of FAdV-4 remain poorly understood. Here, a tandem mass spectrometry (MS) was used to identify host factors interacted with 100K protein of hypervirulent FAdV-4 isolate (CH/HNJZ/2015), and 2595 cellular proteins associated with many biological processes and pathways were identified according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Among the proteins, HSC70 was verified to interact with 100K through co-immunoprecipitation assay. Notably, overexpression of HSC70 promoted the replication of FAdV-4 in LMH cells, whereas blocking HSC70 with inhibitor ver-155008 markedly suppressed viral replication. Collectively, these findings suggested that many cellular proteins involved in FAdV-4 infection through interacting with 100K and HSC70 positively regulated virus replication.
Collapse
|
9
|
Iyer K, Chand K, Mitra A, Trivedi J, Mitra D. Diversity in heat shock protein families: functional implications in virus infection with a comprehensive insight of their role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:743-768. [PMID: 34318439 PMCID: PMC8315497 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of cellular proteins that are induced during stress conditions such as heat stress, cold shock, UV irradiation and even pathogenic insult. They are classified into families based on molecular size like HSP27, 40, 70 and 90 etc, and many of them act as cellular chaperones that regulate protein folding and determine the fate of mis-folded or unfolded proteins. Studies have also shown multiple other functions of these proteins such as in cell signalling, transcription and immune response. Deregulation of these proteins leads to devastating consequences, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other life threatening diseases suggesting their potential importance in life processes. HSPs exist in multiple isoforms, and their biochemical and functional characterization still remains a subject of active investigation. In case of viral infections, several HSP isoforms have been documented to play important roles with few showing pro-viral activity whereas others seem to have an anti-viral role. Earlier studies have demonstrated that HSP40 plays a pro-viral role whereas HSP70 inhibits HIV-1 replication; however, clear isoform-specific functional roles remain to be established. A detailed functional characterization of all the HSP isoforms will uncover their role in cellular homeostasis and also may highlight some of them as potential targets for therapeutic strategies against various viral infections. In this review, we have tried to comprehend the details about cellular HSPs and their isoforms, their role in cellular physiology and their isoform-specific functions in case of virus infection with a specific focus on HIV-1 biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kruthika Iyer
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kailash Chand
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Alapani Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Jay Trivedi
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Debashis Mitra
- Laboratory for HIV Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li M, Raheem MA, Han C, Yu F, Dai Y, Imran M, Hong Q, Zhang J, Tan Y, Zha L, Chen F. The fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) induce cellular pathway in chickens to produce interferon and antigen-presented molecules (MHCI/II). Poult Sci 2021; 100:101406. [PMID: 34428643 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FAdV-4 is the major strain of adenovirus that responsible for hydro-pericardial syndrome (HPS) in poultry. In this study, the virus's specific gene fragments were isolated from clinically suspected cases and amplified by PCR. Finally, after a viral infection to investigate the immune response of the host, the gene expression of MHC (major histo-compatible) molecules (MHCIα, MHCIIβ), Ii (Invariant Chain) gene, inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β), and transcription factors (MDA5, STING, IRF7, and NF-kB) were detected by real-time PCR (fluorescence technology). The results of sequence comparison showed that the clinically isolated virus was 100% homologous to a virulent strain of avian adenovirus group C serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which were named AH-FAdV-4. The TCID50 and pathogenicity of the virus were determined that was 106.52/0.1 mL with a mortality rate of 100% in chickens and 0% in ducks. Furthermore, results showed that the expression level of MHCIα, MHCIIβ, and Ii genes in chicken embryo kidney cells significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated (increased) after infection, which was 43, 5.2, and 2.5 times higher than the control group. With the addition of PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-kB, then the expression level of MHCIα, MHCIIβ, and Ii was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) than the control group. The transcription levels of these genes were decreased 0.64, 0.27, and 0.26 respectively. Simultaneously, the expression levels of IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were also significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated (increased) 7.8, 22.7, and 5 times higher than the control group. It was found that up-regulation of STING and NF-κB pathways are directly involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IL-1β), MHC molecules (MHCIα, MHCIIβ), and Ii gene. The results also showed that the gene regulation pathways consecutively increased the expression levels of MDA5, STING, IRF7, and NF-kB. It is conducted that the expression levels of cytokines, MHC molecules, and li gene were increased by STING and NF-kB pathways.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan F, Song H, Hou L, Wei L, Zhu S, Quan R, Wang J, Wang D, Jiang H, Liu H, Liu J. Age-dependence of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus type 4 pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101238. [PMID: 34157559 PMCID: PMC8237352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (hvFAdV-4) has emerged as a major pathogen of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with increased mortality in chickens, resulting in economic losses to the Chinese poultry industry since June 2015. Here, we isolated a hypervirulent FAdV-4 (hvFAdV-4) strain (designated GD616) from 25-day-old meat-type chickens with severe HHS in Guangdong Province China in June 2017. The whole genome of the strain GD616 shares high homology with those in the recently-reported hvFAdV-4 isolates in China, with natural deletions of ORF19 and ORF27. A comparative analysis of Hexon and Fiber-2 proteins revealed that 2 unique amino acid residues at positions 378 and 453 of the Fiber-2 protein might be associated with virulence due to their occurrences in all the hvFAdV-4 isolates only. To systemically evaluate the effect of age on the susceptibility of chickens to hvFAdV-4, we used this hvFAdV-4 strain to intramuscularly inoculate 7- to 180-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens for the evaluation of pathogenicity. These results showed that the pathogenicity of the hvFAdV-4 strain GD616 to chickens exhibited age-relatedness, with younger than 59-day-old chickens showing 100% morbidity and mortality, while 180-day-old chickens still exhibited a hydropericardium syndrome-like clinicopathology with 60% morbidity and 20% mortality. These findings enrich the current available knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of the hypervirulent FAdV-4 virus in chickens with a wide range of ages, which assists with the selection of suitable-aged chickens for the evaluation of hvFAdV-4 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou L, Chen X, Wang J, Li J, Yang H. A tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of fowl adenovirus serotype 4-infected LMH cells. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109026. [PMID: 33743407 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is recognized as an economically important pathogen for the poultry industry worldwide. FAdV-4 infection causes a metabolic disturbance of hepatocytes, leading to hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in poultry. However, the metabolic response of hepatocytes to FAdV-4 infection remains poorly investigated. Here, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach was first used to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells infected with the virulent FAdV-4 strain GY. We identified 666 DEPs associated with many biological processes and pathways, according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that three pathways, including metabolism-related signaling pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy responses, were enriched during FAdV-4 infection. Moreover, excessive induction of metabolism-related signaling pathways by FAdV-4 infection might be associated with HHS induced by the virus. Meanwhile, among the proteins in these pathways, RRM2, SAE1, AEN, and RAD50 were verified through western blotting to be markedly altered in FAdV-4-infected LMH cells. Notably, overexpression of SAE1 inhibited the replication of FAdV-4 in vitro, whereas silencing of SAE1 expression promoted the replication of the virus. Collectively, our findings show for the first time that SAE1 is a host cellular protein that plays roles in regulating the life cycle of FAdV-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Junping Li
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan F, Hou L, Wei L, Quan R, Wang J, Liu H, Liu J. Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Induces Hepatic Steatosis via Activation of Liver X Receptor-α. J Virol 2021; 95:e01938-20. [PMID: 33361420 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01938-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a hepatotropic virus that causes severe hepatic damage characterized by basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, vacuolar degeneration, and multifocal necrosis in hepatocytes. Many aspects of FAdV-4 infection and pathogenesis, however, remain unknown. Here, we found that FAdV-4-induced hepatic injury is accompanied by the accumulation of oil droplets (triglycerides) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, a typical indicator of steatosis, in FAdV-4-infected chickens. Significant upregulation of adipose synthesis-related genes, such as liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and significant downregulation of low-density lipoprotein secretion-related genes and lipid oxidation- and lipid decomposition-related genes were observed in the infected chickens. FAdV-4 infection in cultured leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells caused similar signs of steatosis, with alterations in various lipogenesis-related genes. We eliminated the effect of LXR-α activation on FAdV-4-induced steatosis and found that treatment with an LXR-α antagonist (SR9243) and RNA interference (small interfering RNA targeting LXR-α [Si-LXR-α]) decreased the number of oil droplets and the accumulation of lipogenic genes, but treatment with an LXR-α agonist (T0901317) increased the number of oil droplets and the accumulation of lipogenic genes in the cells. Additionally, SR9243 treatment or Si-LXR-α transfection led to significant reductions in viral DNA level, protein expression, and virus production, whereas T0901317 treatment caused significant increases in viral DNA level, protein expression, and virus production. However, inhibition of SREBP-1c activity had no significant effect on virus production. Collectively, these results indicated that FAdV-4-induced steatosis involves activation of the LXR-α signaling pathway, which might be a molecular mechanism underlying the hepatic injury associated with FAdV-4 infection.IMPORTANCE Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is an important hepatotropic adenovirus in chicken, but the underlying mechanism of FAdV-4-induced hepatic injury remains unclear. We report here that infection with FAdV-4 induced the accumulation of oil droplets (triglycerides) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, a typical indicator of steatosis, in the livers of chickens. FAdV-4-induced steatosis might be caused by a disrupted balance of fat metabolism, as evidenced by differential regulation of various lipase genes. The significant upregulation of liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) prompted us to investigate the interplay between LXR-α activation and FAdV-4-induced steatosis. Treatment with an agonist, an antagonist, or RNA interference targeting LXR-α in cultured leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells indicated that FAdV-4-induced steatosis was dependent upon LXR-α activation, which contributed to virus replication. These results provide important mechanistic insights, revealing that FAdV-4 induces hepatic steatosis by activating the LXR-α signaling pathway and highlighting the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting the LXR-α pathway for the treatment of FAdV-4 infection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li W, Liu J, Zhao H. Prognostic Power of a Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 Subunit Genes Panel for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:668871. [PMID: 33897772 PMCID: PMC8061729 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperonin containing TCP-1 (T-complex protein 1) (CCT) is a large molecular weight complex that contains nine subunits (TCP1, CCT2, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT6B, CCT7, CCT8). This study aimed to reveal key genes which encode CCT subunits for prognosis and establish prognostic gene signatures based on CCT subunit genes. The data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium and Gene Expression Omnibus. CCT subunit gene expression levels between tumor and normal tissues were compared. Corresponding Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed a distinct separation in the overall survival of CCT subunit genes. Correlation analysis, protein-protein interaction network, Gene Ontology analysis, immune cells infiltration analysis, and transcription factor network were performed. A nomogram was constructed for the prediction of prognosis. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis and shrinkage and selection method for linear regression model, a three-gene signature comprising CCT4, CCT6A, and CCT6B was constructed in the training set and significantly associated with prognosis as an independent prognostic factor. The prognostic value of the signature was then validated in the validation and testing set. Nomogram including the signature showed some clinical benefit for overall survival prediction. In all, we built a novel three-gene signature and nomogram from CCT subunit genes to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, which may support the medical decision for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hetong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hetong Zhao
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao M, Duan X, Wang Y, Gao L, Cao H, Li X, Zheng SJ. A Novel Role for PX, a Structural Protein of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 (FAdV4), as an Apoptosis-Inducer in Leghorn Male Hepatocellular Cell. Viruses 2020; 12:E228. [PMID: 32085479 PMCID: PMC7077197 DOI: 10.3390/v12020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydropericardium-Hepatitis Syndrome (HHS) caused by Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 (FAdV4) infection is a severe threat to the poultry industry worldwide, especially in China since 2015. Recent studies show that FAdV4 induces liver injury through apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. We report here that FAdV4 infection caused apoptosis in Leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells and that PX, a structural protein of FAdV4, acted as a major viral factor inducing apoptosis. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of PX is determined by the R/K regions of PX and required for PX-induced apoptosis. Moreover, alanines 11 and 129 of PX are crucial to PX-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of FAdV4-induced apoptosis by caspase inhibitors retarded viral replication, suggesting that PX serves as a virulence factor for FAdV4 infection, which may further our understandings of the pathogenesis of FAdV4 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (L.G.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Zhao J. Pathogenesis of Hypervirulent Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4: The Contributions of Viral and Host Factors. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080741. [PMID: 31408986 PMCID: PMC6723092 DOI: 10.3390/v11080741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), caused by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have emerged in several provinces in China, posing a great threat to poultry industry. So far, factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 have not been fully uncovered. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 will facilitate the development of effective FAdV-4 vaccine candidates for the control of HHS and vaccine vector. The interaction between pathogen and host defense system determines the pathogenicity of the pathogen. Therefore, the present review highlights the knowledge of both viral and host factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 strains to facilitate the related further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|