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Proteomic analysis of pleural effusion from lung adenocarcinoma patients by shotgun strategy. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:153-7. [PMID: 23907289 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct a protein catalogue of malignant pleural effusion from lung adenocarcinoma patients and to screen the potential candidates of biomarkers for diagnostic value in human lung adenocarcinoma. METHOD Five malignant pleural effusion samples of lung adenocarcinoma patients were collected from January 2009 to September. A composite sample was analyzed using shotgun strategy. Pleural effusion samples were separated by means of SDS-PAGE. Proteomic analysis was performed by 1D-LC-MS/MS, and then the proteins were identified using SEQUEST software and protein database search. RESULTS Among 230 unique proteins, 123 proteins were identified with higher confidence levels (at least two unique peptide sequences matched). Most of these proteins have been reported in plasma. However, there are 7 proteins, including JUP protein, suprabasin, annexin A2, transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (βig-h3), V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 4 precursor, ifapsoriasin 2 and actin, cytoplasmic 1 have not been reported in serum. CONCLUSIONS Seven proteins may represent potential candidates of biomarkers. Annexin A2 is of special interest since it may play a role in the regulation of intercellular adhesion and cell proliferation.
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Zhong LP, Wei KJ, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhou XJ, Pan HY, Li J, Chen WT, Zhang ZY. Increased expression of Annexin A2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54:17-25. [PMID: 18822406 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, in vitro cellular carcinogenesis model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was established with a line of human immortalized oral epithelia cells (HIOECs), a line of cancerous HB96 cells, and another kind of cells (HB56 cells) at the early stage of carcinogenesis. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis identified a panel of differentially expressed proteins among these cells, and Annexin A2 shown as one of the significantly up-regulated proteins accompanying cellular transformation. Annexin A2 was further validated for its expression in the three kinds of cells and in the clinical samples of tumour tissues and their adjacent normal epithelia from primary OSCC patients. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR detected increased Annexin A2 protein and mRNA levels in cancerous HB56 and HB96 cells over HIOECs. Immunohistochemistry showed elevated Annexin A2 protein expression in tumour tissues over the adjacent non-malignant epithelia from OSCC patients; however, the mRNA levels between tumour and normal tissues did not change significantly. Interestingly, levels of Annexin A2 protein expression negatively correlated with the tumour differentiation grades. The results presented here suggest that Annexin A2 protein may play important roles in carcinogenesis of OSCC, and it may also serve as a candidate biomarker for pathologic differentiation grade of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Du XL, Hu H, Lin DC, Xia SH, Shen XM, Zhang Y, Luo ML, Feng YB, Cai Y, Xu X, Han YL, Zhan QM, Wang MR. Proteomic profiling of proteins dysregulted in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:863-75. [PMID: 17318615 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in China. In the present study, proteins in tumors and adjacent normal esophageal tissues from 41 patients with ESCC were extracted, and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was performed using the pH 3-10 and 4-7 immobilized pH gradient strips. The protein spots expressed differentially between tumors and normal tissues were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and liquid chromatography electrospray/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. A total of 22 proteins differentially expressed between ESCC and normal esophageal tissues were identified, in which 17 proteins were upregulated and 5 downregulated in tumors. Biological functions of these proteins are related to cell signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell motility, glycolysis, regulation of transcription, oxidative stress processes, and protein folding. Some of the proteins obtained were confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. We showed that high expression of calreticulin and 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) were correlated with poor prognosis by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank analysis. Zinc finger protein 410, annexin V, similar to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 isoform c, mutant hemoglobin beta chain, TPM4-ALK fusion oncoprotein type 2, similar to heat shock congnate 71-kDa protein, GRP78, and pyruvate kinase M2 (M2-PK) were for the first time observed to be dysregulated in human ESCC tissues. The proteins here identified will contribute to the understanding of the tumorigenesis and progression of Chinese ESCC and may potentially provide useful markers for diagnosis or targets for therapeutic intervention and drug development.
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MESH Headings
- Asian People
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- China
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Esophageal Neoplasms/ethnology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Feng Q, Yu M, Kiviat NB. Molecular biomarkers for cancer detection in blood and bodily fluids. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2007; 43:497-560. [PMID: 17050080 DOI: 10.1080/10408360600922632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major and increasing public health problem worldwide. Traditionally, the diagnosis and staging of cancer, as well as the evaluation of response to therapy have been primarily based on morphology, with relatively few cancer biomarkers currently in use. Conventional biomarker studies have been focused on single genes or discrete pathways, but this approach has had limited success because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of many cancers. The completion of the human genome project and the development of new technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of biomarkers for assessment of cancer risk, early detection of primary cancers, monitoring cancer treatment, and detection of recurrence. This article reviews the various approaches used for development of such markers and describes markers of potential clinical interest in major types of cancer. Finally, we discuss the reasons why so few cancer biomarkers are currently available for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Zhang B, Su YP, Ai GP, Liu XH, Wang FC, Cheng TM. Differentially expressed proteins of gamma-ray irradiated mouse intestinal epithelial cells by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2726-31. [PMID: 14669322 PMCID: PMC4612041 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the differentially expressed proteins involved in ionizing radiation in mice and to explore new ways for studying radiation-related proteins.
METHODS: Bal B/c mice grouped as sham-irradiation, 3 h and 72 h irradiation were exposed to 9.0Gy single dose of γ-irradiation. Intestinal epithelia were isolated from mice, and total proteins were extracted with urea containing solution. A series of methods were used, including two-dimensional electrophoresis, PDQuest 2-DE software analysis, peptide mass fingerprinting based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and SWISS-PROT database searching, to separate and identify the differential proteins. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to validate the differentially expressed proteins.
RESULTS: Mouse intestine was severely damaged by 9.0 Gy γ-irradiation. Image analysis of two-dimensional gels revealed that averages of 638 ± 39, 566 ± 32 and 591 ± 29 protein spots were detected in 3 groups, respectively, and the majority of these protein spots were matched. About 360 protein spots were matched between normal group and 3 h irradiation group, and the correlation coefficient was 0.78 by correlation analysis of gels. Also 312 protein spots matched between normal group and 72 h irradiation group, and 282 protein spots between 3 h and 72 h irradiation groups. Twenty-eight differential protein spots were isolated from gels, digested with trypsin, and measured with MALDI-TOF-MS. A total of 25 spots yielded good spectra, and 19 spots matched known proteins after database searching. These proteins were mainly involved in anti-oxidation, metabolism, signal transduction, and protein post-translational processes. Western-blotting confirmed that enolase was up-regulated by γ-irradiation. Up-regulation of peroxiredoxin I was verified by applying RT-PCR technique, but no change occurred in Q8VC72.
CONCLUSION: These differentially expressed proteins might play important roles when mouse intestine was severely injured by γ-irradiation. It is suggested that differential proteomic analysis may be a useful tool to study the proteins involved in radiation damage of mouse intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Combined Injury of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Xiong XD, Li EM, Xu LY, Chen HB, Chen L, Cai WJ, Han YL, Shen ZY, Zeng Y. Separation and identification of differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins between human esophageal immortalized and carcinomatous cell lines. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2143-8. [PMID: 14562366 PMCID: PMC4656451 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To separate and identify differentially expressed nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) between the immortalized human esophageal epithelial cell line (SHEE) and the malignantly transformed esophageal carcinoma cell line (SHEEC), and to provide new ways for finding specific markers and the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma.
METHODS: SHEE and SHEEC cell lines were used to extract NMPs. The quality of NMPs was monitored by Western blot analysis including DNA topoisomerase IIα, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone. NMPs of SHEE and SHEEC were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), silver staining and PDQuest6.2 image analysis software. Three spots in which the differentially expressed NMPs were more obvious, were selected and analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and database search.
RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that DNA topoisomerase IIα and PCNA were detected, and the majority of histones were deleted in NMPs of SHEE and SHEEC. After 2-DE image analysis by PDQuest6.2 software, the 2-DE maps were detected with an average of 106 ± 7.1 spots in SHEE and 132 ± 5.0 spots in SHEEC. Most of them were matched one another (r = 0.72), only 16 protein spots were found differing in intensity. Three NMPs including cytoskeletal tropomyosin, FK506-binding protein 6, similar to retinoblastoma binding protein 8 were preliminarily identified by MALDI- TOF-MS.
CONCLUSION: These differentially expressed NMPs may play an important role during malignant transformation from SHEE to SHEEC. Their separation and identification will contribute to searching for specific markers and probing into the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Shantou University, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
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Cui YP, Wang JB, Zhang XY, Bi MX, Guo LP, Lu SH. Using yeast two-hybrid system to identify ECRG2 associated proteins and their possible interactions with ECRG2 gene. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1892-6. [PMID: 12970870 PMCID: PMC4656638 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i9.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify esophageal cancer related gene2 (ECRG2) associated proteins and their possible interactions with ECRG2 gene.
METHODS: In the yeast forward two-hybrid system, ECRG2 was fused with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of Gal4 and human fetal liver cDNA library was fused with the transcriptional activation domain (AD) of Gal4. We performed a high-stringency scale procedure to screen ECRG2 against human fetal liver cDNA library and characterized positives by sequence analysis.
RESULTS: We found the following 9 putatively associated proteins. They were metallothionein2A, metallothionein1H, metallothionein1G, ferritin, erythrocyte membrane protein band4.2, mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12, hypothetical protein FLJ10101, and a novel gene whose cDNA was found to have no strong homology to any other previously characterized gene whose DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession number is AF422192 mapped to human chromosome 14q31.
CONCLUSION: MT, a potential interaction partner for ECRG2, might be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and in various physiological processes. Determination of a reliability score for each single protein-protein interaction, especially interaction of ECRG2 and MT, permits the assignment of ECRG2 and unannotated proteins to biological pathways. A further understanding of the association between ECRG2 and MT should facilitate the functions of ECRG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Cui
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Tumor Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
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Zhang LY, Ying WT, Mao YS, He HZ, Liu Y, Wang HX, Liu F, Wang K, Zhang DC, Wang Y, Wu M, Qian XH, Zhao XH. Loss of clusterin both in serum and tissue correlates with the tumorigenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via proteomics approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:650-4. [PMID: 12679903 PMCID: PMC4611421 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i4.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the differentially secreted proteins or polypeptides associated with tumorigenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from serum and to find potential tumor secreted biomarkers.
METHODS: Proteins from human ESCC tissue and its matched adjacent normal tissue; pre-surgery and post-surgery serum; and pre-surgery and normal control serum were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins. The silver-stained 2-DE were scanned with digital ImageScanner and analyzed with ImageMaster 2D Elite 3.10 software. A cluster of protein spots differentially expressed were selected and identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). One of the differentially expressed proteins, clusterin, was down-regulated in cancer tissue and pre-surgery serum, but it was reversed in post-surgery serum. The results were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR and western blot.
RESULTS: Comparisons of the protein spots identified on the 2-DE maps from human matched sera showed that some proteins were differentially expressed, with most of them showing no differences in composition, shape or density. Being analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and database searching, clusterin was differentially expressed and down-regulated in both cancer tissue and pre-surgery serum compared with their counterparts. The results were also validated by RT-PCR and western blot.
CONCLUSION: The differentially expressed clusterin may play a key role during tumorigenesis of ESCC. The 2DE-MS based proteomic approach is one of the powerful tools for discovery of secreted markers from peripheral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, Beijing, China
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Song ZB, Gao SS, Yi XN, Li YJ, Wang QM, Zhuang ZH, Wang LD. Expression of MUC1 in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma and its relationship with prognosis of patients from Linzhou city, a high incidence area of northern China. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:404-7. [PMID: 12632485 PMCID: PMC4621549 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To further characterize the possible relationship between the molecular changes and prognosis of ESC and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved.
METHODS: 114 specimens of ESC were collected from Linzhou city, and all patients were followed up for more than 5 years after resection. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining (ABC) were employed to detect the alteration of MUC1.
RESULTS: The positive immunostaining rate for MUC1 was 79% (90/114), and the high-expression rate was 63% (72/114). The mean survival periods (months) of those with high- and low-expression rates of MUC1 were 41 (95%CI: 35, 47) and 52 (95%CI: 45, 59), respectively. Patients in the low-expression group obviously survived longer than those in high-expression group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The expression of MUC1 protein in the esophageal carcinoma specimens with metastasis was stronger than those without metastasis, the difference was also significant (P < 0.05). The stepwise multivariate analysis showed that “differentiation”, “expression of MUC1” and “TNM staging” were the most important factors affecting the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A good correlation between the alteration of MUC1 and the regional lymph node metastasis was observed. Furthermore, high-expression of MUC1 was associated with poor prognosis for esophageal cancer patients. These results indicated that MUC1 is a promising biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bo Song
- Institute of Medical Genetics, People's Hospital of Henan Province, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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Lin J, Deng CS, Sun J, Zheng XG, Huang X, Zhou Y, Xiong P, Wang YP. HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to esophageal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:412-6. [PMID: 12632487 PMCID: PMC4621551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To probe into the genetic susceptibility of HLA-DRB1 alleles to esophageal carcinoma in Han Chinese in Hubei Province.
METHODS: HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 42 unrelated patients with esophageal cancer and 136 unrelated normal control subjects and the associated HLA-DRB1 allele was measured by nucleotide sequence analysis with PCR.SAS software was used in statistics.
RESULTS: Allele frequency (AF) of HLA-DRB1*0901 was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma patients than that in the normal controls (0.2500 vs 0.1397, P = 0.028, the odds ratio 2.053, etiologic fraction 0.1282). After analyzed the allele nucleotide sequence of HLA-DRB1*0901 which approachs to the corresponded exon 2 sequence of the allele in genebank. There was no association between patients and controls in the rested HLA-DRB1 alleles.
CONCLUSION: HLA-DRB1*0901 allele is more common in the patients with esophageal carcinoma than in the healthy controls, which is positively associated with the patients of Hubei Han Chinese. Individuals carrying HLA-DRB1*0901 may be susceptible to esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Current literature in journal of mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:347-356. [PMID: 12644999 DOI: 10.1002/jms.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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