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Chen P, Yao L, Yuan M, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Li L. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A promising therapeutic target for liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101115. [PMID: 38299199 PMCID: PMC10828599 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic and detoxification organ and hence demands a large amount of energy, which is mainly produced by the mitochondria. Liver tissues of patients with alcohol-related or non-alcohol-related liver diseases contain ultrastructural mitochondrial lesions, mitochondrial DNA damage, disturbed mitochondrial dynamics, and compromised ATP production. Overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial DNA, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, triggers hepatocyte inflammation, and promotes programmed cell death, all of which impair liver function. Mitochondrial DNA may be a potential novel non-invasive biomarker of the risk of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients infected with the hepatitis B virus. We herein present a review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of acute liver injury and chronic liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review also discusses mitochondrion-centric therapies for treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Lin C, Luo L, Xun Z, Zhu C, Huang Y, Ye Y, Zhang J, Chen T, Wu S, Zhan F, Yang B, Liu C, Ran N, Ou Q. Novel function of MOTS-c in mitochondrial remodelling contributes to its antiviral role during HBV infection. Gut 2024; 73:338-349. [PMID: 37788894 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes substantial harm to mitochondrial activity, which hinders the development of effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The discovery of the mitochondrial-derived short peptide MOTS-c, which possesses multiple bioactivities, offers a promising new approach in treating HBV infection. This study aims to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of MOTS-c in HBV-related diseases and its molecular mechanism. DESIGN In total, 85 healthy subjects and 404 patients with HBV infection, including 20 clinical treatment cohorts, were recruited for this study. MOTS-c levels were measured by ELISA and its diagnostic value was evaluated by receiving operating characteristic curve analysis. The therapeutic effect of MOTS-c was observed in multiple HBV-infected mice and cells through various techniques, including transcriptomic sequencing, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Additionally, MOTS-c's potential interaction with myosin-9 (MYH9) and actin was predicted using immunoprecipitation, proteomics and target prediction software. RESULTS MOTS-c negatively correlates with HBV DNA expression (R=-0.71), and its AUC (the area under the curve) for distinguishing CHB from healthy controls is 0.9530, and IA (immune reactive) from IC (inactive HBV carrier) is 0.8689. Inhibition of HBV replication (with a 50-70% inhibition rate) was observed alongside improved liver function without notable toxicity in vitro or in vivo. MOTS-c was found to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and enhance the MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein) signalling pathway. The impact is dependent on MOTS-c's ability to regulate MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSION MOTS-c has the potential to serve as a biomarker for the progression of HBV infection while also enhancing antiviral efficacy. These findings present a promising innovative approach for effectively treating patients with CHB. Furthermore, our research uncovers a novel role for MOTS-c in regulating MYH9-actin-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and contributing to mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Linjie Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chenggong Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songhang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fuguo Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reginal Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Yoon H, Lee HK, Jang KL. Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Downregulating HBx Levels via Siah-1-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Human Hepatoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13354. [PMID: 37686160 PMCID: PMC10488175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is constantly exposed to significant oxidative stress characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, during infection in hepatocytes of patients. In this study, we demonstrated that H2O2 inhibits HBV replication in a p53-dependent fashion in human hepatoma cell lines expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Interestingly, H2O2 failed to inhibit the replication of an HBV X protein (HBx)-null HBV mutant, but this defect was successfully complemented by ectopic expression of HBx. Additionally, H2O2 upregulated p53 levels, leading to increased expression of seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah-1) levels. Siah-1, an E3 ligase, induced the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of HBx. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 was nearly abolished not only by treatment with a representative antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine but also by knockdown of either p53 or Siah-1 using specific short hairpin RNA, confirming the role of p53 and Siah-1 in the inhibition of HBV replication by H2O2. The present study provides insights into the mechanism that regulates HBV replication under conditions of oxidative stress in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Hye-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Loureiro D, Tout I, Narguet S, Bed CM, Roinard M, Sleiman A, Boyer N, Pons‐Kerjean N, Castelnau C, Giuly N, Tonui D, Soumelis V, El Benna J, Soussan P, Moreau R, Paradis V, Mansouri A, Asselah T. Mitochondrial stress in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis associated with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2023; 77:1348-1365. [PMID: 35971873 PMCID: PMC10026976 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes oxidative stress (OS) and alters mitochondria in experimental models. Our goal was to investigate whether HBV might alter liver mitochondria also in humans, and the resulting mitochondrial stress might account for the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). APPROACH AND RESULTS The study included 146 treatment-naïve CHB mono-infected patients. Patients with CHB and advanced fibrosis (AF) or cirrhosis (F3-F4) were compared to patients with no/mild-moderate fibrosis (F0-F2). Patients with CHB were further compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC; n = 33), nonalcoholic steatohepatatis (NASH; n = 12), and healthy controls ( n = 24). We detected oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including mtDNA strand beaks, and identified multiple mtDNA deletions in patients with F3-F4 as compared to patients with F0-F2. Alterations in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, biogenesis, mitophagy, and liver inflammation were observed in patients with AF or cirrhosis associated with CHB, CHC, and NASH. In vitro , significant increases of the mitochondrial formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite as well as mtDNA damage, nitration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and impairment of complex I occurred in HepG2 cells replicating HBV or transiently expressing hepatitits B virus X protein. mtDNA damage and complex I impairment were prevented with the superoxide-scavenging Mito-Tempo or with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor 1400 W. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasized the importance of mitochondrial OS, mtDNA damage, and associated alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics in AF or cirrhosis in CHB and NASH. Mitochondria might be a target in drug development to stop fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Loureiro
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Issam Tout
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Stéphanie Narguet
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Cheikh Mohamed Bed
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Morgane Roinard
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Ahmad Sleiman
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Boyer
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Pons‐Kerjean
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Corinne Castelnau
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Giuly
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Dorothy Tonui
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris Cité, INSERM U976 HIPI Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El Benna
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
| | | | - Richard Moreau
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Abdellah Mansouri
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Department of Hepatology, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
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Liu H, Zhu Z, Xue Q, Yang F, Li Z, Xue Z, Cao W, He J, Guo J, Liu X, Shaw AE, King DP, Zheng H. Innate sensing of picornavirus infection involves cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA release. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011132. [PMID: 36745686 PMCID: PMC9934381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a key role in the innate immune responses to both DNA and RNA virus infection. Here, we found that enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), Seneca Valley virus (SVV), and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection triggered mitochondria damage and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release in vitro and vivo. These responses were mediated by picornavirus 2B proteins which induced mtDNA release during viral replication. SVV infection caused the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and led to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)- and BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 (Bak) and Bak/BCL2-associated X (Bax)-dependent mtDNA leakage into the cytoplasm, while EV-A71 and FMDV infection induced mPTP opening and resulted in VDAC1-dependent mtDNA release. The released mtDNA bound to cGAS and activated cGAS-mediated antiviral immune response. cGAS was essential for inhibiting EV-A71, SVV, and FMDV replication by regulation of IFN-β production. cGAS deficiency contributed to higher mortality of EV-A71- or FMDV-infected mice. In addition, we found that SVV 2C protein was responsible for decreasing cGAS expression through the autophagy pathway. The 9th and 153rd amino acid sites in 2C were critical for induction of cGAS degradation. Furthermore, we also show that EV-A71, CA16, and EMCV 2C antagonize the cGAS-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway through interaction with STING, and highly conserved amino acids Y155 and S156 were critical for this inhibitory effect. In conclusion, these data reveal novel mechanisms of picornaviruses to block the antiviral effect mediated by the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which will provide insights for developing antiviral strategies against picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoning Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Andrew E. Shaw
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Donald P. King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, WOAH/National reference laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease; Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Epremyan KK, Goleva TN, Rogov AG, Lavrushkina SV, Zinovkin RA, Zvyagilskaya RA. The First Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast Models Expressing Hepatitis B Virus X Protein: Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology and Functions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091817. [PMID: 36144419 PMCID: PMC9501646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the dominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, the main cause of cancer death. HBx protein, a multifunctional protein, is essential for pathogenesis development; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The complexity of the system itself, and the intricate interplay of many factors make it difficult to advance in understanding the mechanisms underlying these processes. The most obvious solution is to use simpler systems by reducing the number of interacting factors. Yeast cells are particularly suitable for studying the relationships between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics (mitochondrial fusion and fragmentation), and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in HBx-mediated pathogenesis. For the first time, genetically modified yeast, Y. lipolytica, was created, expressing the hepatitis B virus core protein HBx, as well as a variant fused with eGFP at the C-end. It was found that cells expressing HBx experienced stronger oxidative stress than the control cells. Oxidative stress was alleviated by preincubation with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQThy. Consistent with these data, in contrast to the control cells (pZ-0) containing numerous mitochondrial forming a mitochondrial reticulum, in cells expressing HBx protein, mitochondria were fragmented, and preincubation with SkQThy partially restored the mitochondrial reticulum. Expression of HBx had a significant influence on the bioenergetic function of mitochondria, making them loosely coupled with decreased respiratory rate and reduced ATP formation. In sum, the first highly promising yeast model for studying the impact of HBx on bioenergy, redox-state, and dynamics of mitochondria in the cell and cross-talk between these parameters was offered. This fairly simple model can be used as a platform for rapid screening of potential therapeutic agents, mitigating the harmful effects of HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoren K. Epremyan
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.K.E.); (R.A.Z.); Tel.: +7-(917)-575-3560 (K.K.E.)
| | - Tatyana N. Goleva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton G. Rogov
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Lavrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1/40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1/73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1/40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Renata A. Zvyagilskaya
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.K.E.); (R.A.Z.); Tel.: +7-(917)-575-3560 (K.K.E.)
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7
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Yu M, Qin J, Ye B, Wang Q. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3156-3165. [PMID: 35877442 PMCID: PMC9319137 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are generally considered the powerhouse of the cell, a small subcellular organelle that produces most of the cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria are involved in various biological functions, such as biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, cell signal transduction, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is manifested in different aspects, like increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, abnormal mitophagy, as well as changes in mitochondrial morphology and structure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the occurrence and development of various chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic fatty liver (AFL), and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In this review, we summarize and discuss the role and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic liver disease, focusing on and discussing some of the latest studies on mitochondria and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengli Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianru Qin
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (J.Q.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
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Lin C, Huang Y, Luo L, Fang F, Zhang J, Xun Z, Fu Y, Shang H, Liu C, Ou Q. Adenosine Triphosphate in Serum as a Promising Biomarker for Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927761. [PMID: 35844530 PMCID: PMC9284211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to be diagnosed with liver biopsy makes the clinical progression of chronic HBV infection diagnosis a challenge. Existing HBV serum biochemical assays are used throughout clinical but have limited effects. Studies have shown that mitochondrial function is tightly coupled to HBV infection. Here, we verified the diagnostic value of serum Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as a potential marker for differential HBV infection progress by detecting the level of ATP in the serum from a wide spectrum of HBV-infected populations, and confirmed the role of ATP in the deterioration of HBV infection-related diseases through HBV-infected cells and mouse models. The results showed that there were significantly lower serum ATP levels in HBeAg-positive CHB patients compared with healthy controls. And during the progression of CHB to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the ATP level was increased but not higher than healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum ATP was 0.9063 to distinguish HBeAg-positive CHB from healthy, and another AUC was 0.8328 in the CHB against the HCC group. Preliminary exploration of the mechanism indicated that the decline of serum ATP was due to impaired mitochondria in CHB patients. Our data provide evidence that serum ATP distinguishes the various progress of HBV infection-related diseases and expands diagnostic biomarkers for HBeAg-positive CHB patients with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caorui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjie Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengling Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qishui Ou,
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Yao N, He Y, Wu Y, Wang F, Tian Z. Prognostic value of plasma level of superoxide dismutase in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 35752786 PMCID: PMC9233797 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is the most prevalent type of ACLF in China. The mortality rate of HBV-ACLF has decreased in recent years due to advances in treatment therapies; however, it is still above 50%. Many cases of HBV-ACLF are caused by HBV reactivation due to discontinuation of nucleoside analog treatment. The present study focused on plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in HBV-ACLF patients and investigated whether the plasma level of SOD is a useful biomarker in assessing disease severity and predicting outcomes of HBV-ACLF patients, including patients treated with Entecavir (ETV) and patients who were withdrawn from ETV treatment. METHODS Plasma samples and clinical data from 200 HBV-ACLF patients and from age- and sex-matched cirrhotic and healthy controls were collected and analyzed. Plasma levels of SOD were measured using an ELISA commercial kit. RESULTS Among the HBV-ACLF patients, in the ETV withdrawal group, the mortality rate was higher than in the ETV group (69.95% vs 46.71%, P < 0.05). Moreover, HBV-DNA and SOD plasma levels were higher in the ETV withdrawal group than in the ETV group (Log10(HBV-DNA): 6.49 ± 0.24 vs 4.79 ± 0.14, P < 0.01; SOD: 463.1 ± 27.61 U/mL vs 397.2 ± 10.97 U/mL, P < 0.05). The mortality and liver transplantation rates were significantly higher in HBV-ACLF patients with plasma levels of SOD > 428 U/mL than in patients with plasma SOD levels ≤ 428 U/mL. CONCLUSIONS Reactivation of HBV and elevated oxidative stress caused by discontinuation of ETV treatment are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of HBV-ACLF. Plasma level of SOD may serve as a useful biomarker in estimating disease severity and predicting outcomes of HBV-ACLF patients who stop ETV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijuan Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Department of Ultrasound and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Abstract
In recent years, the role of oxidative stress has been investigated in an increasing number of infections. There is a close link between the inflammation that accompanies infections and oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species induce harmful effects on cell components, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence attests to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of viral liver infections, especially in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the data are limited, but important progress has been achieved in recent years. This review presents the latest advances pertaining to the role of the oxidative stress byproducts in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, constituting a source of potential new markers for the evaluation and monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis B.
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Rizzo GEM, Cabibbo G, Craxì A. Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viruses 2022; 14:986. [PMID: 35632728 PMCID: PMC9146458 DOI: 10.3390/v14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is DNA-based virus, member of the Hepadnaviridae family, which can cause liver disease and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in infected individuals, replicating within the hepatocytes and interacting with several cellular proteins. Chronic hepatitis B can progressively lead to liver cirrhosis, which is an independent risk factor for HCC. Complications as liver decompensation or HCC impact the survival of HBV patients and concurrent HDV infection worsens the disease. The available data provide evidence that HBV infection is associated with the risk of developing HCC with or without an underlying liver cirrhosis, due to various direct and indirect mechanisms promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is extensively and continuously under study, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, which modify the microenvironment and lead to DNA damage. HBV produces the protein HBx, which has a central role in the oncogenetic process. Furthermore, the molecular profile of HBV-HCC was recently discerned from that of HDV-HCC, despite the obligatory dependence of HDV on HBV. Proper management of the underlying HBV-related liver disease is fundamental, including HCC surveillance, viral suppression, and application of adequate predictive models. When HBV-HCC occurs, liver function and HCC characteristics guide the physician among treatment strategies but always considering the viral etiology in the treatment choice.
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Haga S, Kanno A, Morita N, Jin S, Matoba K, Ozawa T, Ozaki M. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) is Critically Involved in Liver Ischemia/reperfusion-injury. J Surg Res 2021; 270:124-138. [PMID: 34656890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a DNA-repairing enzyme activated by extreme genomic stress, and therefore is potently activated in the remnant liver suffering from ischemia after surgical resection. However, the impact of PARP on post-ischemic liver injury has not been elucidated yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the impact of PARP on murine hepatocyte/liver injury induced by hypoxia/ischemia, respectively. RESULTS PJ34, a specific inhibitor of PARP, markedly protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell death, though z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor similarly showed the protective effect. PJ34 did not affect H/R-induced caspase activity or caspase-mediated cell death. z-VAD-fmk also did not affect the production of PAR (i.e., PARP activity). Therefore, PARP- and caspase-mediated cell death occurred in a mechanism independent of each other in H/R. H/R immediately induced activation of PARP and cell death afterwards, both of which were suppressed by PJ34 or Trolox, an antioxidant. This suggests that H/R-induced cell death occurred redox-dependently through PARP activation. H/R and OS induced nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF, a marker of parthanatos) and RIP1-RIP3 interaction (a marker of necroptosis), both of which were suppressed by PJ34. H/R induced PARP-mediated parthanatos and necroptosis redox-dependently. In mouse experiments, PJ34 significantly reduced serum levels of AST, ALT & LDH and areas of hepatic necrosis after liver ischemia/reperfusion, similar to z-VAD-fmk or Trolox. CONCLUSION PARP, activated by ischemic damage and/or oxidative stress, may play a critical role in post-ischemic liver injury by inducing programmed necrosis (parthanatos and necroptosis). PARP inhibition may be one of the promising strategies against post-ischemic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeki Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matoba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Bio-Imaging, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Middleton P, Vergis N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and liver disease: role, relevance, and potential for therapeutic modulation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211031394. [PMID: 34377148 PMCID: PMC8320552 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211031394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production as well as numerous metabolic processes. There is a growing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of common chronic diseases as well as in cancer development. This review will examine the role mitochondria play in the pathophysiology of common liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is described widely in the literature in studies examining patient tissue and in disease models. Despite significant differences in pathophysiology between chronic liver diseases, common mitochondrial defects are described, including increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We review the current literature on mitochondrial-targeted therapies, which have the potential to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Vergis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Li X, Wu K, Zeng S, Zhao F, Fan J, Li Z, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Fan S, Chen J. Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4260. [PMID: 33923929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
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Xie WH, Ding J, Xie XX, Yang XH, Wu XF, Chen ZX, Guo QL, Gao WY, Wang XZ, Li D. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell pyroptosis under oxidative stress through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:683-96. [PMID: 32347316 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a pivotal factor for HBV-induced hepatitis. Herein, we sought to investigate HBx-mediated NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under oxidative stress. Methods The effect of HBx on the NLRP3 inflammasome was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence in hepatic HL7702 cells. Pyroptosis was evaluated by western blotting, lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide staining, and transmission electron microscopy. NLRP3 expression in the inflammasome from liver tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated HL7702 cells, HBx triggered the release of pro-inflammatory mediators apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1); activated NLRP3; and initiated pro-inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). HBx localized to the mitochondria, where it induced mitochondrial damage and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). Treatment of HL7702 cells with a mitoROS scavenger attenuated HBx-induced NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis. Expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β in liver tissues from patients were positively correlated with HBV DNA concentration. Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by elevated mitoROS levels and mediated HBx-induced liver inflammation and hepatocellular pyroptosis under H2O2-stress conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00011-020-01351-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chauhan R, Michalak TI. Kinetics of DNA damage repair response accompanying initial hepadnavirus-host genomic integration in woodchuck hepatitis virus infection of hepatocyte. Cancer Genet. 2020;244:1-10. [PMID: 32062411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of initial hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations and kinetics of DNA repair immediately after infection remain essentially unknown impairing understanding of hepadnaviral oncogenesis. WCM260 hepatocytes susceptible to HBV-compatible woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were examined from 15 min to 72 h post-infection (p.i.). WHV strongly induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and DNA damage from 15 min p.i. All initial WHV-host fusions had the head-to-tail format indicating their formation by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Transcription of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), the PARP1 binding partner, were induced in 30 min p.i. and that of 8-oxyguanine DNA glycosylse (OGG1) responding to oxidative DNA damage at 12 h p.i. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a marker of PARP1 activation, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), an indicator of pro-oxidative stress, were significantly augmented from 15-30 min p.i. Additionally, PARP1 cleavage activity was evident from 30 min p.i. confirming that PARP1-mediated DNA repair became operational almost instatly after hepatocyte contact with virus. By applying complementary approaches, the study showed that initial WHV integration was due to virus-induced oxidative DNA damage and implied that the NHEJ PARP1-dependent repair pathway determined format of the first virus-host DNA junctions.
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Hossain MG, Akter S, Ohsaki E, Ueda K. Impact of the Interaction of Hepatitis B Virus with Mitochondria and Associated Proteins. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020175. [PMID: 32033216 PMCID: PMC7077294 DOI: 10.3390/v12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 350 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to death due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various antiviral drugs/nucleot(s)ide analogues are currently used to reduce or arrest the replication of this virus. However, many studies have reported that nucleot(s)ide analogue-resistant HBV is circulating. Cellular signaling pathways could be one of the targets against the viral replication. Several studies reported that viral proteins interacted with mitochondrial proteins and localized in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. And a recent study showed that mitochondrial turnover induced by thyroid hormones protected hepatocytes from hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBV. Strong downregulation of numerous cellular signaling pathways has also been reported to be accompanied by profound mitochondrial alteration, as confirmed by transcriptome profiling of HBV-specific CD8 T cells from chronic and acute HBV patients. In this review, we summarize the ongoing research into mitochondrial proteins and/or signaling involved with HBV proteins, which will continue to provide insight into the relationship between mitochondria and HBV and ultimately lead to advances in viral pathobiology and mitochondria-targeted antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golzar Hossain
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Eriko Ohsaki
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (K.U.)
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Ure DR, Trepanier DJ, Mayo PR, Foster RT. Cyclophilin inhibition as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:163-178. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhang C, Wang N, Xu Y, Tan HY, Li S, Feng Y. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Oxidative Stress-Associated Liver Injury Induced by Chinese Herbal Medicine: An Experimental Evidence-Based Literature Review and Network Pharmacology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2745. [PMID: 30217028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as a disequilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants, can result in histopathological lesions with a broad spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma in an orchestrated manner. Although cells are equipped with sophisticated strategies to maintain the redox biology under normal conditions, the abundance of redox-sensitive xenobiotics, such as medicinal ingredients originated from herbs or animals, can dramatically invoke oxidative stress. Growing evidence has documented that the hepatotoxicity can be triggered by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during treating various diseases. Meanwhile, TCM-dependent hepatic disorder represents a strong correlation with oxidative stress, especially the persistent accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Of note, since TCM-derived compounds with their modulated targets are greatly diversified among themselves, it is complicated to elaborate the potential pathological mechanism. In this regard, data mining approaches, including network pharmacology and bioinformatics enrichment analysis have been utilized to scientifically disclose the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, top 10 principal TCM-modulated targets for oxidative hepatotoxicity including superoxide dismutases (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Bax, caspase-3, Bcl-2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and nitric oxide (NO) have been identified. Furthermore, hepatic metabolic dysregulation may be the predominant pathological mechanism involved in TCM-induced hepatotoxic impairment.
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Zheng BY, Gao WY, Huang XY, Lin LY, Fang XF, Chen ZX, Wang XZ. HBx promotes the proliferative ability of HL‑7702 cells via the COX‑2/Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8432-8438. [PMID: 29693167 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been termed a viral oncoprotein, and is involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) and β‑catenin have been attributed to the oncogenic activity of HBx in HBV‑associated HCC. The present study aimed to determine whether there is crosstalk between COX‑2 and the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway during HL‑7702‑HBx cell proliferation, and to investigate the associated underlying molecular mechanism. In the present study, cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to detect the proliferative ability of cells. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine the mRNA and protein expression of COX‑2, β‑catenin, cyclin‑D1 and c‑myc. The results demonstrated that HL‑7702‑HBx exhibited increased cell proliferation, higher colony formation efficiency and a shortened G1 period of the cell cycle. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of COX‑2 were increased, and this was associated with HL‑7702‑HBx cell growth. Furthermore, the expression of β‑catenin and its target genes, cyclin‑D1 and c‑myc proto‑oncogene protein, was upregulated by HBx via COX‑2. Finally, HBx promoted HL‑7702 cell proliferation through the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, the primary finding of the present study was that HBx may promote HL‑7702 cell proliferation via the COX‑2/Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Thus, it may be helpful to further investigate the molecular mechanism of HBV‑associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Fen Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver diseases that have been a consistent problem for human health, leading to more than one million deaths every year worldwide. A large proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases across the world are closely associated with chronic HBV infection. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and is frequently altered in cancer development. HBV infection interferes with the apoptosis signaling to promote HCC progression and viral proliferation. The HBV-mediated alteration of apoptosis is achieved via interference with cellular signaling pathways and regulation of epigenetics. HBV X protein (HBX) plays a major role in the interference of apoptosis. There are conflicting reports on the HBV interference of apoptosis with the majority showing inhibition of and the rest reporting induction of apoptosis. In this review, we described recent studies on the mechanisms of the HBV interference with the apoptosis signaling during the virus infection and provided perspective.
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Haga S, Kanno A, Ozawa T, Morita N, Asano M, Ozaki M. Detection of Necroptosis in Ligand-Mediated and Hypoxia-Induced Injury of Hepatocytes Using a Novel Optic Probe-Detecting Receptor-Interacting Protein (RIP)1/RIP3 Binding. Oncol Res 2017; 26:503-513. [PMID: 28770700 PMCID: PMC7844641 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15005102445191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is often observed in various pathological conditions including posthepatectomy state and cancer chemotherapy. It occurs mainly as a consequence of the combined necrotic and apoptotic types of cell death. In order to study liver/hepatocyte injury by the necrotic type of cell death, we studied signal-regulated necrosis (necroptosis) by developing a new optic probe for detecting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP)/RIP3 binding, an essential process for necroptosis induction. In the mouse hepatocyte cell line, TIB-73 cells, TNF-α/cycloheximide (T/C) induced RIP1/3 binding only when caspase activity was suppressed by the caspase-specific inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (zVAD). T/C/zVAD-induced RIP1/3 binding was inhibited by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an allosteric inhibitor of RIP1. The reduced cell survival by T/C/zVAD was improved by Nec-1. These facts indicate that T/C induces necroptosis of hepatocytes when the apoptotic pathway is inhibited/unavailable. FasL also induced cell death, which was only partially inhibited by zVAD, indicating the possible involvement of necroptosis rather than apoptosis. FasL activated caspase 3 and, similarly, induced RIP1/3 binding when the caspases were inactivated. Interestingly, FasL-induced RIP1/3 binding was significantly suppressed by the antioxidants Trolox and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FasL-induced necroptotic cellular processes. H₂O₂, by itself, induced RIP1/3 binding that was suppressed by Nec-1, but not by zVAD. Hypoxia induced RIP1/3 binding after reoxygenation, which was suppressed by Nec-1 or by the antioxidants. Cell death induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was also improved by Nec-1. Similar to H₂O₂, H/R did not require caspase inhibition for RIP1/3 binding, suggesting the involvement of a caspase-independent mechanism for non-ligand-induced and/or redox-mediated necroptosis. These data indicate that ROS can induce necroptosis and mediate the FasL- and hypoxia-induced necroptosis via a molecular mechanism that differs from a conventional caspase-dependent pathway. In conclusion, necroptosis is potentially involved in liver/hepatocyte injury induced by oxidative stress and FasL in the absence of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Haga
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akira Kanno
- Department of Environmental Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Sapporo, HokkaidoJapan
| | - Mami Asano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Bio-Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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