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Santos SA, de Souza JN, Pacheco FTF, Santos MC, Dos Santos Novais D, Suzart VN, Dos Santos Guedes I, Neves MH, Gomes MA, Soares NM, Teixeira MCA. Detection of IgG Anti-Giardia duodenalis Antibodies in Sera by Indirect Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting Assays. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:351-357. [PMID: 38095798 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serological assays are alternative laboratory tools for the diagnosis of parasitic infections. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and Western blotting (WB) for the detection of IgG anti-Giardia antibodies in human sera. METHODOLOGY Sera from individuals infected with Giardia duodenalis, other parasites or non-parasitized were selected for serological assays. Ninety-seven sera were tested by IFAT at 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions and of these, 40 samples were also analyzed by WB. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the IFAT was 97% and 46.9% at 1:20 sera dilution, and 39.4% and 59.4% at 1:40 sera dilution. The low molecular weight polypeptides fractions of 25 kDa, 27-31 kDa and 45-55 kDa were the most frequently identified by the sera of individuals infected with G. duodenalis, along with low cross-reactivity, presenting an individual sensitivity of 42.8%, 50.0% and 57.1%, and specificity of 83.3%, 83.3% and 91.7%, respectively. The highest overall sensitivity of WB (85.7%) was based on the immunoreactivity of sera with at least one of those proteins. The concordance between the detection of G. duodenalis in feces by microscopy and the WB results was considered substantial (Kappa = 0.61). CONCLUSION Constant exposure to Giardia infection throughout a lifetime can maintain high levels of specific antibodies in serum, even without active infection. Moreover, proteins found in intestinal amoebas may hinder the serological diagnosis of giardiasis in endemic areas due to cross-reactivity, which can be partially solved using Giardia low molecular weight proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Alves Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joelma Nascimento de Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Conceição Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Darleide Dos Santos Novais
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Victoria Nascimento Suzart
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dos Santos Guedes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Maena Honda Neves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Neci Matos Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Mohammad SM, Hegazy LA, Abdel Hady RS, Salama MA, Hammad SK, Ibrahim SM. Real-time PCR versus traditional and Nano-based ELISA in early detection of murine trichinellosis. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e67. [PMID: 37583316 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a serious foodborne zoonosis. It poses a serious risk to public health worldwide. Early serological diagnosis of trichinellosis is influenced by an immunological 'silent' phase following infection. This highlights the necessity for developing sensitive diagnostic approaches to be employed when antibodies cannot be detected. In this work, the validity of traditional ELISA, Nano-ELISA and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated in early diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis. Swiss albino mice were orally infected with 100 and 300 muscle larvae/mouse. Mice were sacrificed 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 28 days post-infection (dpi). Blood samples were tested for circulating antigen by traditional ELISA and Nano-ELISA using anti-rabbit polyclonal IgG conjugated with AgNPs and for Rep gene by SYBR green real-time PCR. Rep gene detection by SYBR green real-time PCR could detect T. spiralis with 100% sensitivity in the mild infection group at 8 dpi, while in the severe infection group it reached 100% sensitivity at 4 dpi. Nano-ELISA could detect T. spiralis circulating antigen from 4 dpi in both mild and severe infection and reached 100% sensitivity at 8 dpi and 6 dpi in mild and severe infection, respectively. However, traditional ELISA could detect T. spiralis circulating antigen from 6 dpi and reached maximum sensitivity at 15 dpi in the mild infection group, while in the severe infection group detection began at 4 dpi and reached 100% sensitivity at 8 dpi. Nano-ELISA and real time PCR, using Rep gene, are useful tools for the detection of early T. spiralis infection even in its mild infection state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mohammad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - L A Hegazy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - R S Abdel Hady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - M A Salama
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - S K Hammad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - S M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Bhat A, Rao SS, Bhat S, Vidyalakshmi K, Dhanashree B. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial and viral diarrhoea using multiplex-PCR assays: An observational prospective study among paediatric patients from India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 41:64-70. [PMID: 36870754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In developing countries, the aetiology of diarrhoea goes undiagnosed as only microscopy, stool culture or enzyme immunoassay are done to find the causative agent. The present study aims to detect common paediatric viral and bacterial diarrhoea pathogens by microscopy, stool culture for bacteria, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for bacteria and virus detections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diarrheal stool samples (n = 109) received at the laboratory from paediatric patients aged one month to 18 years were included in the study. They were cultured for common bacterial pathogens and simultaneously subjected to two multiplex PCRs one for the detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Enteroinvasive E.coli and Enteropathogenic E.coli, another for the detection of adenovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus and norovirus. RESULTS Of the 109 samples cultured for bacterial aetiology, 0.9% (1/109) grew Salmonella enterica ser.Typhi and 2% (2/109) Shigella flexneri. By mPCR, 16% of samples (17/109) were positive for Shigella spp., 0.9% (1/109) for Salmonella spp., and 21% (23/109) for rotavirus. One sample (0.9%) had rotavirus and Shigella spp., which indicates mixed aetiology. CONCLUSIONS Shigella spp. and rotavirus are the prime causative agents of childhood diarrhoea in our region. The rate of detection of bacterial aetiology by culture was poor. Isolation of pathogens by conventional culture helps to know the species, serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogens. Virus isolation is cumbersome, time-consuming, and not available for routine diagnostic use. Therefore, real-time mPCR would be a better choice for early detection of pathogens, thereby ensuring timely diagnosis, treatment, and a reduction in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Suchetha S Rao
- Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Sevitha Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Katara Vidyalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Biranthabail Dhanashree
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Fusaro C, Chávez-Romero YA, Prada SLG, Serrano-Silva N, Bernal JE, González-Jiménez FE, Sarria-Guzmán Y. Burden and Epidemiology of Human Intestinal Giardia duodenalis Infection in Colombia: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100325. [PMID: 36288066 PMCID: PMC9608748 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Giardia is a unicellular protozoan able to parasitize both humans and animals. Cysts of Giardia can be found in soil samples, aquatic environments, food, and any surface that gets in contact with the feces of parasitized animals. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the burden and epidemiology of Giardia infection in Colombia summarizing recent scientific reports and existing knowledge and to identify knowledge gaps that may be addressed in future investigations. This work follows the guidelines established by "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes" (PRISMA). Published scientific literature from 1 January 2010 to 18 September 2022 was searched in six electronic scientific databases using the search terms: "Giardia" OR "Giardiasis" AND "Colombia". Twenty-three scientific articles were performed in 22 departments of Colombia at rural, urban, and a combination of rural and urban contexts. The prevalence of Giardia in the Colombian population was between 0.9 and 48.1% when the samples were analyzed with classical microscopy; the range of Giardia prevalence was even bigger (4.2-100%) when qPCR and nested PCR were used. The dominant Giardia assemblages found in Colombia were A and B, and most frequent subassemblages were AII, BIII, and BIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fusaro
- Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena de Indias 130010, Colombia
| | - Yosef A. Chávez-Romero
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santa Cruz 90640, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Serrano-Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.S.-S.); (Y.S.-G.); Tel.: +52-5556224827 (N.S.-S.); +57-5-5894093 (Y.S.-G.)
| | - Jaime E. Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena de Indias 130011, Colombia
| | | | - Yohanna Sarria-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Valledupar 200005, Colombia
- Correspondence: (N.S.-S.); (Y.S.-G.); Tel.: +52-5556224827 (N.S.-S.); +57-5-5894093 (Y.S.-G.)
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Belkessa S, Thomas-Lopez D, Houali K, Ghalmi F, Stensvold CR. Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Children and Adults Sampled in Algeria. Microorganisms 2020; 9:E54. [PMID: 33379186 PMCID: PMC7823855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in Africa remains unclear. A study was carried out across four hospitals in Algeria. A total of 119 fecal samples from 55 children, 37 adults, and 27 individuals of undetermined age, all scored positive for intestinal parasites by microscopy, and were screened by real-time PCR for Giardia. Molecular characterization of Giardia was performed by assemblage-specific PCR and PCR targeting the triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Of the 119 samples, 80 (67%) were Giardia-positive by real-time PCR. For 48 moderately-highly real-time PCR-positive samples, tpi genotyping assigned 22 samples to Assemblage A and 26 to Assemblage B. Contrary to Assemblage A, Assemblage B exhibited substantial genetic diversity and allelic heterozygosity. Assemblage-specific PCR proved to be specific for discriminating Assemblage A or B but not as sensitive as tpi genotyping. We confirmed that real-time PCR is more sensitive than microscopy for detecting Giardia in stool samples and that robust amplification and sequencing of the tpi gene is feasible when moderate-to-strongly real-time PCR-positive samples are used. This study is one of the few performed in Africa providing genotyping data on Giardia infections in humans. Both assemblages A and B were commonly seen and not associated with specific sociodemographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Belkessa
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (S.B.); (K.H.)
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, Mohamed Khider University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
| | - Daniel Thomas-Lopez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 16973 Solna, Sweden
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Agronomic Sciences, Mouloud Mammeri University of Tizi Ouzou, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria; (S.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Farida Ghalmi
- Higher National Veterinary School of Algiers, El Alia, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark;
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Higuera A, Villamizar X, Herrera G, Giraldo JC, Vasquez-A LR, Urbano P, Villalobos O, Tovar C, Ramírez JD. Molecular detection and genotyping of intestinal protozoa from different biogeographical regions of Colombia. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8554. [PMID: 32195042 PMCID: PMC7067185 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic protozoa represent a serious problem of public health particularly in developing countries. Protozoa such as Blastocystis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. are associated with diarrheal symptoms. In Colombia, there is little region-specific data on the frequency and circulating genotypes/species of these microorganisms. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to employ molecular detection and genotyping of G. intestinalis and Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium and Entamoeba spp. in samples from different biogeographical regions of Colombia. Methods We collected 649 human fecal samples from five biogeographical regions of Colombia: the Amazon, Andean, Caribbean, Orinoco and Pacific regions. Blastocystis, G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba complex were detected by microscopy and conventional PCR. Molecular genotyping was conducted to identify Blastocystis subtypes (STs) (18s), G. intestinalis assemblages (triose phosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase) and Cryptosporidium species (18s). Genetic diversity indices were determined using dnasp.5. Results We detected G. intestinalis in 45.4% (n = 280) of samples, Blastocystis in 54.5% (n = 336) of samples, Cryptosporidium spp. in 7.3% (n = 45) of samples, Entamoeba dispar in 1.5% (n = 9) of samples, and Entamoeba moshkovskii in 0.32% (n = 2) of samples. Blastocystis STs 1–4, 8 and 9 and G. intestinalis assemblages AII, BIII, BIV, D and G were identified. The following Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. hominis, C. parvum, C. bovis, C. andersoni, C. muris, C. ubiquitum and C. felis. The Caribbean region had the highest frequency for each of the microorganisms evaluated (91.9% for G. duodenalis, 97.3% for Blastocystis, 10.8% for Cryptosporidium spp., 13.5% for E. dispar and 2.7% for E. moshkovskii). The Orinoco region had a high frequency of Blastocystis (97.2%) and the Andean region had a high frequency of G. intestinalis (69.4%). High and active transmission was apparent in several regions of the country, implying that mechanisms for prevention and control of intestinal parasitosis in different parts of the country must be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Higuera
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ximena Villamizar
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Herrera
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Reinel Vasquez-A
- Centro de Estudios en Microbiología y Parasitología (CEMPA), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayan, Colombia
| | - Plutarco Urbano
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Unitrópico, Yopal, Colombia
| | - Oswaldo Villalobos
- Hospital Local Santa María de Mompox, Programas Especiales (Lepra y TB), Mompox, Bolivar, Colombia
| | - Catalina Tovar
- Grupo de Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
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Paul A, Stayt J. The intestinal microbiome in dogs and cats with diarrhoea as detected by a faecal polymerase chain reaction-based panel in Perth, Western Australia. Aust Vet J 2020; 97:418-421. [PMID: 31556108 PMCID: PMC7159723 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the prevalence of potential faecal pathogens in the microbiome detected in a cohort of cats and dogs with diarrhoea in Perth, Western Australia. Records from a commercial diagnostic laboratory using faecal PCR testing between July 2014 and August 2015 were reviewed.Of 289 feline faecal samples reviewed, Salmonella spp. (1.7%), Campylobacter spp. (47.6%), Clostridium perfringens (81.3%), Giardia spp. (11.1%), Toxoplasma gondii (1.2%), Tritrichomonas foetus (4.8%), panleukopenia virus (6.5%) and coronavirus (39.5%) were detected. In dogs, Salmonella spp. (5.4%), Campylobacter spp. (36.3%), C. perfringens (85.4%), Giardia spp. (6.2%), parvovirus (9.4%), coronavirus (4.7%) and distemper virus (1.5%) were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeh Paul
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Ln, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - J Stayt
- Vetpath Laboratory Services, 39 Epsom Ave, Perth, Western Australia, 6104, Australia
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Ghoshal U, Tejan N. Rationale of using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels for etiological diagnosis of infective diarrhea in the tropics. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018; 37:381-4. [PMID: 30406887 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-018-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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saeedi E, Jonaidi Jafari N, Salehzadeh A. Detection of Giardia lamblia Cysts in Surface Waters of Rasht City, Iran. JoMMID 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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