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Xiao C, Wu X, Gallagher CS, Rasooly D, Jiang X, Morton CC. Genetic contribution of reproductive traits to risk of uterine leiomyomata: a large-scale, genome-wide, cross-trait analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:438.e1-438.e15. [PMID: 38191017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although phenotypic associations between female reproductive characteristics and uterine leiomyomata have long been observed in epidemiologic investigations, the shared genetic architecture underlying these complex phenotypes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the shared genetic basis, pleiotropic effects, and potential causal relationships underlying reproductive traits (age at menarche, age at natural menopause, and age at first birth) and uterine leiomyomata. STUDY DESIGN With the use of large-scale, genome-wide association studies conducted among women of European ancestry for age at menarche (n=329,345), age at natural menopause (n=201,323), age at first birth (n=418,758), and uterine leiomyomata (ncases/ncontrols=35,474/267,505), we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide, cross-trait analysis to examine systematically the common genetic influences between reproductive traits and uterine leiomyomata. RESULTS Significant global genetic correlations were identified between uterine leiomyomata and age at menarche (rg, -0.17; P=3.65×10-10), age at natural menopause (rg, 0.23; P=3.26×10-07), and age at first birth (rg, -0.16; P=1.96×10-06). Thirteen genomic regions were further revealed as contributing significant local correlations (P<.05/2353) to age at natural menopause and uterine leiomyomata. A cross-trait meta-analysis identified 23 shared loci, 3 of which were novel. A transcriptome-wide association study found 15 shared genes that target tissues of the digestive, exo- or endocrine, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Mendelian randomization suggested causal relationships between a genetically predicted older age at menarche (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.92; P=1.50×10-10) or older age at first birth (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-0.99; P=.02) and a reduced risk for uterine leiomyomata and between a genetically predicted older age at natural menopause and an increased risk for uterine leiomyomata (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.09; P=2.30×10-27). No causal association in the reverse direction was found. CONCLUSION Our work highlights that there are substantial shared genetic influences and putative causal links that underlie reproductive traits and uterine leiomyomata. The findings suggest that early identification of female reproductive risk factors may facilitate the initiation of strategies to modify potential uterine leiomyomata risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Danielle Rasooly
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cynthia Casson Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Manoharan S, Prajapati K, Perumal E. Natural bioactive compounds and FOXO3a in cancer therapeutics: An update. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105807. [PMID: 38168566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3a (FOXO3a) is a transcription factor that regulates various downstream targets upon its activation, leading to the upregulation of tumor suppressor and apoptotic pathways. Hence, targeting FOXO3a is an emerging strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Recently, Natural Bioactive Compounds (NBCs) have been used in drug discovery for treating various disorders including cancer. Notably, several NBCs have been shown as potent FOXO3a activators. NBCs upregulate FOXO3a expressions through PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, AMPK, and IκB signaling pathways. FOXO3a promotes its anticancer effects by upregulating the levels of its downstream targets, including Bim, FasL, and Bax, leading to apoptosis. This review focuses on the dysregulation of FOXO3a in carcinogenesis and explores the potent FOXO3a activating NBCs for cancer prevention and treatment. Additionally, the review evaluates the safety and efficacy of NBCs. Looking ahead, NBCs are anticipated to become a cost-effective, potent, and safer therapeutic option for cancer, making them a focal point of research in the field of cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kunjkumar Prajapati
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
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Zhang W, Liu D, Yi J, Fan J. Downregulation of circAsxl2 Relieves Neuronal Injury Induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:812-820. [PMID: 37658248 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the role of circAsxl2 (mmu_circ_0000346) in cerebral I/R injury remains unclear. METHODS Mouse brain neuronal cell line (HT-22) was used to perform oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) treatment. The levels of circAsxl2, microRNA (miR)-130b-5p and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry. Commercial kits were used to assess cell cytotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. Protein expression was analyzed by western blot. RNA interaction was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS CircAsxl2 was highly expressed in OGD/R-induced HT-22 cells, and its silencing could alleviate OGD/R-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in HT-22 cells. MiR-130b-5p was sponged by circAsxl2, and its inhibitor could overturn the regulation of circAsxl2 knockdown on OGD/R-induced neuronal injury. FOXO3 was targeted by miR-130b-5p and its expression was positively regulated by circAsxl2. In addition, the regulation of circAsxl2 knockdown on OGD/R-induced neuronal injury also was reversed by FOXO3 overexpression. CONCLUSION CircAsxl2/miR-130b-5p/FOXO3 axis accelerated OGD/R-induced neuronal injury, which might provide effective strategies for treating cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Geriatrics Department, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Medical innovation center, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Jianmin Fan
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.95 Shaoshan middle road, Yuhua District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
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Zheng Y, Sukocheva O, Tse E, Neganova M, Aleksandrova Y, Zhao R, Chubarev V, Fan R, Liu J. MicroRNA-183 cluster: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in gastrointestinal malignancies. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:6147-6175. [PMID: 38187051 PMCID: PMC10767355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (microRNA, miR), powerful epigenetic regulators, were found involved in the regulation of most biological functions via post-translational inhibition of protein expression. Increased expression of pro-oncogenic miRs (known as miR cancer biomarkers) and inhibition of pro-apoptotic miR expression have been demonstrated in different tumors. The recently identified miR-183 was found implicated in gastrointestinal tumor metabolism regulation. Elevated miR-183 expression and cancer-promoting effects were reported in esophageal and colorectal cancers, which was partially contradicted by controversial data observed in gastric cancers. Anti-cancer effect of miR-183 in gastric cancer cells was associated with the Bim-1 and Ezrin genes regulation. Many studies indicated that miR-183 can inhibit tumor suppressor genes in most cell lines, promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration. Increased miR-183 level results in the downregulation of FOXO1, PDCD4, and other tumor suppressor genes in gastrointestinal tumor cells. MiR-183 also influences the signaling of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and Bcl-2/p53 signaling pathways. Mir-183 inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell proliferation, and migration. Accordingly, gastrointestinal cancer occurrence, development of chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence/metastasis, and prognosis were associated with miR-183 expression. The current study assessed reported miR-183 functions and signaling, providing new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesSevernij Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesAkad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesSevernij Pr. 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of SciencesAkad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Ruiwen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Vladimir Chubarev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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Feng W, Ma C, Rao H, Zhang W, Liu C, Xu Y, Aji R, Wang Z, Xu J, Gao WQ, Li L. Setd2 deficiency promotes gastric tumorigenesis through inhibiting the SIRT1/FOXO pathway. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216470. [PMID: 37914019 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. SETD2 is a histone methyltransferase catalyzing tri-methylation of H3K36 (H3K36me3) and has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes and human tumors. However, the mechanism of SETD2 in GC remains unclear. Here, we reported that Setd2 deficiency predicts poor prognosis of gastric cancer. SETD2 loss facilitated H. felis/MNU and c-Myc-induced gastric tumorigenesis, respectively. The mouse model of stomach-specific Setd2 depletion together with c-MYC overexpression (AMS) developed high-grade epithelial defects, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia at only 10-12 weeks of age. Mechanistically, Setd2 depletion resulted in impaired epigenetic regulation of Sirt1, thus inhibiting the SIRT1/FOXO pathway. Moreover, the agonists of FOXO signaling or overexpression of SIRT1 significantly rescued the enhanced cell proliferation and migration caused by Setd2 deficiency in SGC7901 cells. Together, our findings highlight an epigenetic mechanism by which SETD2 regulates gastric tumorigenesis through SIRT1/FOXO pathway. It may also pave the way for the development of targeted, patient-tailored therapies for GC patients with Setd2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rebiguli Aji
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Santos BF, Grenho I, Martel PJ, Ferreira BI, Link W. FOXO family isoforms. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:702. [PMID: 37891184 PMCID: PMC10611805 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
FOXO family of proteins are transcription factors involved in many physiological and pathological processes including cellular homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic evidence has been accumulating to suggest a prominent role of FOXOs in lifespan regulation in animal systems from hydra, C elegans, Drosophila, and mice. Together with the observation that FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity suggests that pharmacological targeting of FOXO proteins can be a promising approach to treat cancer and other age-related diseases and extend life and health span. However, due to the broad range of cellular functions of the FOXO family members FOXO1, 3, 4, and 6, isoform-specific targeting of FOXOs might lead to greater benefits and cause fewer side effects. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the common and specific features of these proteins as well as their redundant and specific functions in our cells represents the basis of specific targeting strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the evolution, structure, function, and disease-relevance of each of the FOXO family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Santos
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve (CHUA). Rua Leão Penedo, 8000-386, Faro, Portugal
| | - Inês Grenho
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Martel
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS)@RISE, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bibiana I Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute-ABC-RI, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Yasir M, Park J, Chun W. EWS/FLI1 Characterization, Activation, Repression, Target Genes and Therapeutic Opportunities in Ewing Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15173. [PMID: 37894854 PMCID: PMC10607184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their clonal origins, tumors eventually develop into complex communities made up of phenotypically different cell subpopulations, according to mounting evidence. Tumor cell-intrinsic programming and signals from geographically and temporally changing microenvironments both contribute to this variability. Furthermore, the mutational load is typically lacking in childhood malignancies of adult cancers, and they still exhibit high cellular heterogeneity levels largely mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Ewing sarcomas represent highly aggressive malignancies affecting both bone and soft tissue, primarily afflicting adolescents. Unfortunately, the outlook for patients facing relapsed or metastatic disease is grim. These tumors are primarily fueled by a distinctive fusion event involving an FET protein and an ETS family transcription factor, with the most prevalent fusion being EWS/FLI1. Despite originating from a common driver mutation, Ewing sarcoma cells display significant variations in transcriptional activity, both within and among tumors. Recent research has pinpointed distinct fusion protein activities as a principal source of this heterogeneity, resulting in markedly diverse cellular phenotypes. In this review, we aim to characterize the role of the EWS/FLI fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma by exploring its general mechanism of activation and elucidating its implications for tumor heterogeneity. Additionally, we delve into potential therapeutic opportunities to target this aberrant fusion protein in the context of Ewing sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (J.P.)
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Moore XTR, Gheghiani L, Fu Z. The Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Regulating the Forkhead Box Family Transcription Factors. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091344. [PMID: 37174744 PMCID: PMC10177174 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with more than 600 phosphorylation substrates through which it regulates many biological processes, including mitosis, apoptosis, metabolism, RNA processing, vesicle transport, and G2 DNA-damage checkpoint recovery, among others. Among the many PLK1 targets are members of the FOX family of transcription factors (FOX TFs), including FOXM1, FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXK1. FOXM1 and FOXK1 have critical oncogenic roles in cancer through their antagonism of apoptotic signals and their promotion of cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. In contrast, FOXO1 and FOXO3 have been identified to have broad functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss PLK1-mediated regulation of FOX TFs, highlighting the effects of PLK1 on the activity and stability of these proteins. In addition, we review the prognostic and clinical significance of these proteins in human cancers and, more importantly, the different approaches that have been used to disrupt PLK1 and FOX TF-mediated signaling networks. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PLK1-regulated FOX TFs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier T R Moore
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Lilia Gheghiani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Saha G, Roy S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. USP7 - a crucial regulator of cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188903. [PMID: 37127084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of three decades of study, the deubiquitinase Herpesvirus associated Ubiquitin-Specific Protease/Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (HAUSP/USP7) has gradually come to be recognized as a crucially important molecule in cellular physiology. The fact that USP7 is overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, supports the idea that USP7 is also an important regulator of tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss USP7's function in relation to the cancer hallmarks described by Hanahan and Weinberg. This post-translational modifier can support increased proliferation, block unfavorable growth signals, stop cell death, and support an unstable cellular genome by manipulating key players in the pertinent signalling circuit. It is interesting to note that USP7 also aids in the stabilization of molecules that support angiogenesis and metastasis. Targeting USP7 has now emerged as a crucial component of USP7 research because pharmacological inhibition of USP7 supports p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Efficacious USP7 inhibition is currently being investigated in both synthetic and natural compounds, but issues with selectivity and a lack of co-crystal structure have hindered USP7 inhibition from being tested in clinical settings. Moreover, the development of new, more effective USP7 inhibitors and their encouraging implications by numerous groups give us a glimmer of hope for USP7-targeting medications as effective substitutes for hazardous cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Srija Roy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, PIN - 743372, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), TRUE Campus, CN-6, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091 & 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, PIN - 700032, India.
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10
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Ni T, Chu Z, Tao L, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Luo Y, Sunagawa M, Wang H, Liu Y. PTBP1 drives c-Myc-dependent gastric cancer progression and stemness. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1005-1018. [PMID: 36635500 PMCID: PMC10006230 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis and treatment failure are caused by cancer stem cells. Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) was shown to be involved in the development of embryonic stem cells and is now being considered as a therapeutic target for tumour progression and stem-cell characteristics. METHODS PTBP1 expression in GC samples was detected using tissue microarrays. Proliferation, colony formation, spheroid formation and stem-cell analysis were used to examine PTBP1's role in tumorigenesis and stem-cell maintenance. In AGS and HGC-27 cells with or without PTBP1 deficiency, ubiquitin-related protein expression and co-precipitation assays were performed. RESULTS We identified that PTBP1 was aberrantly highly expressed and represented a novel prognostic factor in GC patients. PTBP1 maintained the tumorigenic activity and stem-cell characteristics of GC in vitro and in vivo. PTBP1 directly interacts with c-Myc and stabilises its protein levels by preventing its proteasomal degradation. This is mediated by upregulating the ubiquitin-specific proteases USP28 and limiting FBW7-mediated ubiquitination of c-Myc. Moreover, the depletion of PTBP1-caused tumour regression was significantly compromised by exogenous c-Myc expression. CONCLUSIONS By preserving the stability of c-Myc through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the oncogene PTBP1 supports stem-cell-like phenotypes of GC and is involved in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyang Ni
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zewen Chu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, 142, Japan
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China. .,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China. .,The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 225001, Yangzhou, PR China.
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11
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Chen K, Gao P, Li Z, Dai A, Yang M, Chen S, Su J, Deng Z, Li L. Forkhead Box O Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:1648-1657. [PMID: 36174679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is the consequence of protein degradation exceeding protein synthesis because of disease, aging, and physical inactivity. Patients with skeletal muscle atrophy have decreased muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area, and experience reduced survival quality and motor function. The forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating E3 ubiquitin ligases and some autophagy factors. However, the mechanism of FOXO signaling pathway leading to skeletal muscle atrophy is still unclear. The development of treatment strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy has been a thorny clinical problem. FOXO-targeted therapy to treat skeletal muscle atrophy is a promising approach, and an increasing number of relevant studies have been reported. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic targets of the FOXO signaling pathway mediating skeletal muscle atrophy, and provides ideas for the clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Zongchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Aonan Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Huang N, Xv F, Zhao S, Guo J, Zhao Y, Chang C. Decreased FOXO1 Expression Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6933-6946. [PMID: 36290822 PMCID: PMC9600488 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome is one of the main hematological malignancies that threaten the health of the elderly. However, biomarkers which predict the progression and prognosis of MDS are still controversial and puzzling. FOXO1 gene plays an important role in a variety of intracellular functions, including tumor suppression and cellular immune regulation. However, there is no research report on the correlation between FOXO1 and the clinical features of MDS including immune environment. In this study, we observed that FOXO1 expression is associated with neutrophil count, blasts, chromosome and different MDS scoring systems. FOXO1 expression is closely related to MDS cell immune polarization, and the increase expression of FOXO1 is significantly related to the amplification of immune cell polarization ratio. In addition, FOXO1 expression is associated with progression-free survival and overall survival in MDS patients. Moreover, in a multivariate model FOXO1 low-expression was an independent predictor of poor survival in MDS. In summary, FOXO1 may play a candidate tumor suppressor in MDS, and FOXO1 is a useful independent prognostic predictor in MDS, and it may provide a candidate target therapy in future.
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13
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Rao X, Zhang C, Luo H, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Liang Z, Wu X. Targeting Gastric Cancer Stem Cells to Enhance Treatment Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182828. [PMID: 36139403 PMCID: PMC9496718 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) was the fourth deadliest cancer in the world in 2020, and about 770,000 people died from GC that year. The death of patients with GC is mainly caused by the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of GC cells. The cancer stem cell theory defines cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a key factor in the metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance of cancer. It considers targeting gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) to be an effective method for the treatment of GC. For GCSCs, genes or noncoding RNAs are important regulatory factors. Many experimental studies have found that some drugs can target the stemness of gastric cancer by regulating these genes or noncoding RNAs, which may bring new directions for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. Therefore, this review mainly discusses related genes or noncoding RNAs in GCSCs and drugs that target its stemness, thereby providing some information for the treatment of GC.
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14
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Geng G, Li Q, Guo X, Ni Q, Xu Y, Ma Z, Wang Y, Ming M. FOXO3a‑modulated DEPDC1 promotes malignant progression of nephroblastoma via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:272. [PMID: 35795985 PMCID: PMC9309542 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) and forkhead box transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a) serve a role in tumor cells. To the best of our knowledge, however, the expression of DEPDC1 and FOXO3a in nephroblastoma and their role and potential mechanisms in nephroblastoma cells have not been reported. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression of DEPDC1 and FOXO3a in nephroblastoma, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of DEPDC1 and FOXO3a were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The activity of DEPDC1 promoter was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay and the association between FOXO3a and DEPDC1 was detected using immunoprecipitation. DEPDC1 expression was significantly increased in nephroblastoma cells, particularly WiT49 cells. Compared with the negative control, DEPDC1 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of WiT49 cells, while DEPDC1 overexpression (Ov) reversed these effects. By contrast, expression of FOXO3a was decreased in WiT49 cells and immunoprecipitation showed that FOXO3a bound to the DEPDC1 promoter. Ov-FOXO3a inhibited WiT49 cell proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as protein expression levels of phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Wnt3a and β-catenin, while DEPDC1 Ov reversed the inhibitory effects of FOXO3a Ov on WiT49 cells. In conclusion, DEPDC1 promoted malignant progression of nephroblastoma via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; this may be regulated by FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Geng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xingqing Guo
- Department of Pediatric Respirology and Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Ni
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yongtao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolong Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ming
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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16
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Liu Y, Ao X, Jia Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wang J. The FOXO family of transcription factors: key molecular players in gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:997-1015. [PMID: 35680690 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death with an oncological origin. Despite its decline in incidence and mortality in recent years, GC remains a global public problem that seriously threatens patients' health and lives. The forkhead box O proteins (FOXOs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors (TFs) with crucial roles in cell fate decisions. In mammals, the FOXO family consists of four members FOXO1, 3a, 4, and 6. FOXOs play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes, such as development, metabolism, and stem cell maintenance, by regulating the expression of their target genes in space and time. An accumulating amount of evidence has shown that the dysregulation of FOXOs is involved in GC progression by affecting multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle progression, carcinogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent findings on the regulatory mechanisms of FOXO family expression and activity and elucidate its roles in GC progression. Moreover, we also highlight the clinical implications of FOXOs in GC treatment.
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17
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Yang Y, Shu X, Xie C. An Overview of Autophagy in Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:847716. [PMID: 35463631 PMCID: PMC9033262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.847716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered a class I carcinogen in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. In recent years, the interaction relationship between H. pylori infection and autophagy has attracted increasing attention. Most investigators believe that the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is closely related to the formation of an autophagosome-mediated downstream signaling pathway by H. pylori infection-induced cells. Autophagy is involved in H. pylori infection and affects the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. In this paper, the possible mechanism by which H. pylori infection affects autophagy and the progression of related gastric cancer signaling pathways are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Shu
- *Correspondence: Xu Shu, ; Chuan Xie,
| | - Chuan Xie
- *Correspondence: Xu Shu, ; Chuan Xie,
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