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Kośmider K, Karska K, Kozakiewicz A, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. Overcoming Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-The State-of-the-Art Knowledge and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073795. [PMID: 35409154 PMCID: PMC8999045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Despite the enormous progress in ALL therapy, resulting in achieving a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%, the ambitious goal of reaching a 100% survival rate is still being pursued. A typical ALL treatment includes three phases: remission induction and consolidation and maintenance, preceded by a prednisone prephase. Poor prednisone response (PPR) is defined as the presence of ≥1.0 × 109 blasts/L in the peripheral blood on day eight of therapy and results in significantly frequent relapses and worse outcomes. Hence, identifying risk factors of steroid resistance and finding methods of overcoming that resistance may significantly improve patients' outcomes. A mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) pathway seems to be a particularly attractive target, as its activation leads to steroid resistance via a phosphorylating Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), which is crucial in the steroid-induced cell death. Several mutations causing activation of MAPK-ERK were discovered, notably the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) pathway mutations in T-cell ALL and rat sarcoma virus (Ras) pathway mutations in precursor B-cell ALL. MAPK-ERK pathway inhibitors were demonstrated to enhance the results of dexamethasone therapy in preclinical ALL studies. This report summarizes steroids' mechanism of action, resistance to treatment, and prospects of steroids therapy in pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kośmider
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Karska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Kozakiewicz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Yuan L, Li F, Wang S, Yi H, Li F, Mao Y. Identification of Tumor Microenvironment-Related Prognostic lncRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719812. [PMID: 34408984 PMCID: PMC8366027 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and is a severe threat to human health. Although many therapies have been applied to LUAD, the long-term survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. We aim to find reliable immune microenvironment-related lncRNA biomarkers to improve LUAD prognosis. Methods ESTIMATE analysis was performed to evaluate the degree of immune infiltration of each patient in TAGA LUAD cohort. Correlation analysis was used to identify the immune microenvironment-related lncRNAs. Univariate cox regression analysis, LASSO analysis, and Kaplan Meier analysis were used to construct and validate the prognostic model based on microenvironment-related lncRNAs. Results We obtained 1,178 immune microenvironment-related lncRNAs after correlation analysis. One hundred and eighty of them are independent prognostic lncRNAs. Sixteen key lncRNAs were selected by LASSO method. This lncRNA-based model successfully predicted patients’ prognosis in validation cohort, and the risk score was related to pathological stage. Besides, we also found that TP53 had the highest frequency mutation in LUAD, and the mutation of TP53 in the high-risk group, which was identified by our survival model, has a poor prognosis. lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network further suggested that these lncRNAs play a vital role in the prognosis of LUAD. Conclusion Here, we filtered 16 key lncRNAs, which could predict the survival of LUAD and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaibo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yousheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abdulla H, Vo A, Shields BJ, Davies TJ, Jackson JT, Alserihi R, Viney EM, Wong T, Yan F, Wong NC, Demoen L, Curtis DJ, Alexander WS, Van Vlierberghe P, Dickins RA, McCormack MP. T-ALL can evolve to oncogene independence. Leukemia 2021; 35:2205-19. [PMID: 33483615 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) contain chromosomal abnormalities that drive overexpression of oncogenic transcription factors. However, whether these initiating oncogenes are required for leukemia maintenance is poorly understood. To address this, we developed a tetracycline-regulated mouse model of T-ALL driven by the oncogenic transcription factor Lmo2. This revealed that whilst thymus-resident pre-Leukemic Stem Cells (pre-LSCs) required continuous Lmo2 expression, the majority of leukemias relapsed despite Lmo2 withdrawal. Relapse was associated with a mature phenotype and frequent mutation or loss of tumor suppressor genes including Ikzf1 (Ikaros), with targeted deletion Ikzf1 being sufficient to transform Lmo2-dependent leukemias to Lmo2-independence. Moreover, we found that the related transcription factor TAL1 was dispensable in several human T-ALL cell lines that contain SIL-TAL1 chromosomal deletions driving its overexpression, indicating that evolution to oncogene independence can also occur in human T-ALL. Together these results indicate an evolution of oncogene addiction in murine and human T-ALL and show that loss of Ikaros is a mechanism that can promote self-renewal of T-ALL lymphoblasts in the absence of an initiating oncogenic transcription factor.
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Peng W, Tu G, Zhao Z, He B, Cai Q, Zhang P, Peng X, Shi S, Wang X. DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis established a model of four differentially methylated positions (DMPs) as a diagnostic marker in esophageal adenocarcinoma early detection. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11355. [PMID: 34012728 PMCID: PMC8109010 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal carcinogenesis involves in alterations of DNA methylation and gene transcription. This study profiled genomic DNA methylome vs. gene expression using transcriptome data on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tissues from the online databases in order to identify methylation biomarkers in EAC early diagnosis. Materials and Methods The DNA methylome and transcriptome data were downloaded from the UCSC Xena, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and then bioinformatically analyzed for the differentially methylated positions (DMPs) vs. gene expression between EAC and normal tissues. The highly methylated DMPs vs. reduced gene expression in EAC were selected and then stratified with those of the corresponding normal blood samples and other common human cancers to construct an EAC-specific diagnostic model. The usefulness of this model was further verified in other three GEO datasets of EAC tissues. Result A total of 841 DMPs were associated with expression of 320 genes, some of which were aberrantly methylated in EAC tissues. Further analysis showed that four (cg07589773, cg10474350, cg13011388 and cg15208375 mapped to gene IKZF1, HOXA7, EFS and TSHZ3, respectively) of these 841 DMPs could form and establish a diagnostic model after stratified them with the corresponding normal blood samples and other common human cancers. The data were further validated in other three GEO datasets on EAC tissues in early EAC diagnosis. Conclusion This study revealed a diagnostic model of four genes methylation to diagnose EAC early. Further study will confirm the usefulness of this model in a prospective EAC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxu Tu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boxue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dovat E, Song C, Hu T, Rahman MA, Dhanyamraju PK, Klink M, Bogush D, Soliman M, Kane S, McGrath M, Ding Y, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Transcriptional Regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by IKAROS and Protein Kinase CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020819. [PMID: 33467550 PMCID: PMC7830534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by the IKZF1 gene, is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a tumor suppressor in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recent studies have identified IKAROS’s novel function in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in T-ALL and uncovered many genes that are likely to be directly regulated by IKAROS. Here, we report the transcriptional regulation of two genes, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing (PIKFYVE), by IKAROS in T-ALL. PIK3CD encodes the protein p110δ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers, including T-ALL. IKAROS binds to the promoter regions of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and reduces their transcription in primary T-ALL. Functional analysis demonstrates that IKAROS functions as a transcriptional repressor of both PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a pro-oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in T-ALL. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS, impairs IKAROS’s DNA-binding ability, and functions as a repressor of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. CK2 inhibition results in increased IKAROS binding to the promoters of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and the transcriptional repression of both these genes. Overall, the presented data demonstrate for the first time that in T-ALL, CK2 hyperactivity contributes to PI3K signaling pathway upregulation, at least in part, through impaired IKAROS transcriptional regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Targeting CK2 restores IKAROS’s regulatory effects on the PI3K oncogenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-91-717-531-6012
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Vu T, Straube J, Porter AH, Bywater M, Song A, Ling V, Cooper L, Pali G, Bruedigam C, Jacquelin S, Green J, Magor G, Perkins A, Chalk AM, Walkley CR, Heidel FH, Mukhopadhyay P, Cloonan N, Gröschel S, Mallm JP, Fröhling S, Scholl C, Lane SW. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell-restricted Cdx2 expression induces transformation to myelodysplasia and acute leukemia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3021. [PMID: 32541670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is expressed in leukemic cells but not during normal blood formation. Retroviral overexpression of Cdx2 induces AML in mice, however the developmental stage at which CDX2 exerts its effect is unknown. We developed a conditionally inducible Cdx2 mouse model to determine the effects of in vivo, inducible Cdx2 expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Cdx2-transgenic mice develop myelodysplastic syndrome with progression to acute leukemia associated with acquisition of additional driver mutations. Cdx2-expressing HSPCs demonstrate enrichment of hematopoietic-specific enhancers associated with pro-differentiation transcription factors. Furthermore, treatment of Cdx2 AML with azacitidine decreases leukemic burden. Extended scheduling of low-dose azacitidine shows greater efficacy in comparison to intermittent higher-dose azacitidine, linked to more specific epigenetic modulation. Conditional Cdx2 expression in HSPCs is an inducible model of de novo leukemic transformation and can be used to optimize treatment in high-risk AML.
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Alomairi J, Molitor AM, Sadouni N, Hussain S, Torres M, Saadi W, Dao LTM, Charbonnier G, Santiago-Algarra D, Andrau JC, Puthier D, Sexton T, Spicuglia S. Integration of high-throughput reporter assays identify a critical enhancer of the Ikzf1 gene. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233191. [PMID: 32453736 PMCID: PMC7250416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ikzf1 locus encodes the lymphoid specific transcription factor Ikaros, which plays an essential role in both T and B cell differentiation, while deregulation or mutation of IKZF1/Ikzf1 is involved in leukemia. Tissue-specific and cell identity genes are usually associated with clusters of enhancers, also called super-enhancers, which are believed to ensure proper regulation of gene expression throughout cell development and differentiation. Several potential regulatory regions have been identified in close proximity of Ikzf1, however, the full extent of the regulatory landscape of the Ikzf1 locus is not yet established. In this study, we combined epigenomics and transcription factor binding along with high-throughput enhancer assay and 4C-seq to prioritize an enhancer element located 120 kb upstream of the Ikzf1 gene. We found that deletion of the E120 enhancer resulted in a significant reduction of Ikzf1 mRNA. However, the epigenetic landscape and 3D topology of the locus were only slightly affected, highlighting the complexity of the regulatory landscape regulating the Ikzf1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaafar Alomairi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Anne M. Molitor
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nori Sadouni
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Saadat Hussain
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Magali Torres
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Lan T. M. Dao
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - David Santiago-Algarra
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Tom Sexton
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, TAGC, UMR1090, Marseille, France
- Equipe Labélisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
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Vairy S, Tran TH. IKZF1 alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The good, the bad and the ugly. Blood Rev 2020; 44:100677. [PMID: 32245541 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics have deepened our understanding of the biology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), defined novel molecular leukemia subtypes, discovered new prognostic biomarkers and paved the way to emerging molecularly targeted therapeutic avenues. Since its discovery, IKZF1 has generated significant interest within the leukemia scientific community.IKZF1 plays a critical role in lymphoid development and its alterations cooperate to mediate leukemogenesis. IKZF1 alterations are present in approximately 15% of childhood ALL, rise in prevalence among adults with ALL and become highly enriched within kinase-driven ALL. A cumulating body of literature has highlighted the adverse prognostic impact of IKZF1 alterations in both Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative and Ph-driven ALL. IKZF1 alterations thus emerge as an important prognostic biomarker in ALL. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review focusing on the prognostic clinical relevance of IKZF1 alterations in ALL, as well as current and future therapeutic strategies targeting IKZF1-altered ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vairy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Kim JH, Penson AV, Taylor BS, Petrini JHJ. Nbn-Mre11 interaction is required for tumor suppression and genomic integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15178-83. [PMID: 31285322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905305116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We derived a mouse model in which a mutant form of Nbn/Nbs1mid8 (hereafter Nbnmid8) exhibits severely impaired binding to the Mre11-Rad50 core of the Mre11 complex. The Nbn mid8 allele was expressed exclusively in hematopoietic lineages (in Nbn -/mid8vav mice). Unlike Nbn flox/floxvav mice with Nbn deficiency in the bone marrow, Nbn -/mid8vav mice were viable. Nbn -/mid8vav mice hematopoiesis was profoundly defective, exhibiting reduced cellularity of thymus and bone marrow, and stage-specific blockage of B cell development. Within 6 mo, Nbn -/mid8 mice developed highly penetrant T cell leukemias. Nbn -/mid8vav leukemias recapitulated mutational features of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), containing mutations in NOTCH1, TP53, BCL6, BCOR, and IKZF1, suggesting that Nbn mid8 mice may provide a venue to examine the relationship between the Mre11 complex and oncogene activation in the hematopoietic compartment. Genomic analysis of Nbn -/mid8vav malignancies showed focal amplification of 9qA2, causing overexpression of MRE11 and CHK1 We propose that overexpression of MRE11 compensates for the metastable Mre11-Nbnmid8 interaction, and that selective pressure for overexpression reflects the essential role of Nbn in promoting assembly and activity of the Mre11 complex.
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Heizmann B, Kastner P, Chan S. The Ikaros family in lymphocyte development. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 51:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Orlov AP, Orlova MA, Trofimova TP, Kalmykov SN, Kuznetsov DA. The role of zinc and its compounds in leukemia. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:347-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Bellavia D, Checquolo S, Palermo R, Screpanti I. The Notch3 Receptor and Its Intracellular Signaling-Dependent Oncogenic Mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 1066:205-222. [PMID: 30030828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, gene duplication of the Notch receptor suggests a progressive functional diversification. The Notch3 receptor displays a number of structural differences with respect to Notch1 and Notch2, most of which have been reported in the transmembrane and in the intracellular regions, mainly localized in the negative regulatory region (NRR) and trans-activation domain (TAD). Targeted deletion of Notch3 does not result in embryonic lethality, which is in line with its highly restricted tissue expression pattern. Importantly, deregulated Notch3 expression and/or activation, often results in disrupted cell differentiation and/or pathological development, most notably in oncogenesis in different cell contexts. Mechanistically this is due to Notch3-related genetic alterations or epigenetic or posttranslational control mechanisms. In this chapter we discuss the possible relationships between the structural differences and the pathological role of Notch3 in the control of mouse and human cancers. In future, targeting the unique features of Notch3-oncogenic mechanisms could be exploited to develop anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Yuan T, Yang Y, Chen J, Li W, Li W, Zhang Q, Mi Y, Goswami RS, You JQ, Lin D, Qian MD, Calin S, Liang Y, Miranda RN, Calin GA, Zhou X, Ma L, Zweidler-McKay PA, Liu B, Weng AP, Medeiros LJ, Zhang Y, You MJ. Regulation of PI3K signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a novel PTEN/Ikaros/miR-26b mechanism reveals a critical targetable role for PIK3CD. Leukemia 2017; 31:2355-64. [PMID: 28280276 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic
malignancy, and T-ALL patients are prone to early disease relapse and suffer
from poor outcomes. The PTEN, PI3K/AKT, and Notch pathways are frequently
altered in T-ALL. PTEN is a tumor suppressor that inactivates the PI3K pathway.
We profiled miRNAs in Pten-deficient mouse T-ALL and identified
miR-26b as a potentially dysregulated gene. We validated decreased expression
levels of miR-26b in mouse and human T-ALL cells. In addition, expression of
exogenous miR-26b reduced proliferation and promoted apoptosis of T-ALL cells
in vitro, and hindered progression of T-ALL in
vivo. Furthermore, miR-26b inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway by
directly targeting PIK3CD, the gene encoding PI3Kδ, in
human T-ALL cell lines. ShRNA for PIK3CD and CAL-101, a PIK3CD
inhibitor, reduced the growth and increased apoptosis of T-ALL cells. Finally,
we showed that PTEN induced miR-26b expression by regulating the differential
expression of Ikaros isoforms that are transcriptional regulators of miR-26b.
These results suggest that miR-26b functions as a tumor suppressor in the
development of T-ALL. Further characterization of targets and regulators of
miR-26b may be promising for the development of novel therapies.
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15
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Tzankov A, Hebeda K, Kremer M, Leguit R, Orazi A, van der Walt J, Gianelli U. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferations and neoplasms involving the bone marrow: Summary of the workshop cases submitted to the 18th Meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology (EAHP) organized by the European Bone Marrow Working Group, Basel 2016. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:765-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Scheijen B, Boer JM, Marke R, Tijchon E, van Ingen Schenau D, Waanders E, van Emst L, van der Meer LT, Pieters R, Escherich G, Horstmann MA, Sonneveld E, Venn N, Sutton R, Dalla-Pozza L, Kuiper RP, Hoogerbrugge PM, den Boer ML, van Leeuwen FN. Tumor suppressors BTG1 and IKZF1 cooperate during mouse leukemia development and increase relapse risk in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Haematologica 2016; 102:541-551. [PMID: 27979924 PMCID: PMC5394950 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions and mutations affecting lymphoid transcription factor IKZF1 (IKAROS) are associated with an increased relapse risk and poor outcome in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, additional genetic events may either enhance or negate the effects of IKZF1 deletions on prognosis. In a large discovery cohort of 533 childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, we observed that single-copy losses of BTG1 were significantly enriched in IKZF1-deleted B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (P=0.007). While BTG1 deletions alone had no impact on prognosis, the combined presence of BTG1 and IKZF1 deletions was associated with a significantly lower 5-year event-free survival (P=0.0003) and a higher 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (P=0.005), when compared with IKZF1-deleted cases without BTG1 aberrations. In contrast, other copy number losses commonly observed in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, such as CDKN2A/B, PAX5, EBF1 or RB1, did not affect the outcome of IKZF1-deleted acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. To establish whether the combined loss of IKZF1 and BTG1 function cooperate in leukemogenesis, Btg1-deficient mice were crossed onto an Ikzf1 heterozygous background. We observed that loss of Btg1 increased the tumor incidence of Ikzf1+/− mice in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, murine B cells deficient for Btg1 and Ikzf1+/− displayed increased resistance to glucocorticoids, but not to other chemotherapeutic drugs. Together, our results identify BTG1 as a tumor suppressor in leukemia that, when deleted, strongly enhances the risk of relapse in IKZF1-deleted B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and augments the glucocorticoid resistance phenotype mediated by the loss of IKZF1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Marke
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Tijchon
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Esmé Waanders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth van Emst
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens T van der Meer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Venn
- Australian and New Zealand Children's Oncology Group, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sutton
- Australian and New Zealand Children's Oncology Group, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Roland P Kuiper
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monique L den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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17
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Xu Q, Hou YX, Langlais P, Erickson P, Zhu J, Shi CX, Luo M, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Mandarino LJ, Stewart K, Chang XB. Expression of the cereblon binding protein argonaute 2 plays an important role for multiple myeloma cell growth and survival. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:297. [PMID: 27142104 PMCID: PMC4855823 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), such as lenalidomide, are therapeutically active compounds that bind and modulate the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate recruiter cereblon, thereby affect steady-state levels of cereblon and cereblon binding partners, such as ikaros and aiolos, and induce many cellular responses, including cytotoxicity to multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Nevertheless, it takes many days for MM cells to die after IMiD induced depletion of ikaros and aiolos and thus we searched for other cereblon binding partners that participate in IMiD cytotoxicity. METHODS Cereblon binding partners were identified from a MM cell line expressing histidine-tagged cereblon by pulling down cereblon and its binding partners and verified by co-immunoprecipitation. IMiD effects were determined by western blot analysis, cell viability assay, microRNA array and apoptosis analysis. RESULTS We identified argonaute 2 (AGO2) as a cereblon binding partner and found that the steady-state levels of AGO2 were regulated by cereblon. Upon treatment of IMiD-sensitive MM cells with lenalidomide, the steady-state levels of cereblon were significantly increased, whereas levels of AGO2 were significantly decreased. It has been reported that AGO2 plays a pivotal role in microRNA maturation and function. Interestingly, upon treatment of MM cells with lenalidomide, the steady-state levels of microRNAs were significantly altered. In addition, silencing of AGO2 in MM cells, regardless of sensitivity to IMiDs, significantly decreased the levels of AGO2 and microRNAs and massively induced cell death. CONCLUSION These results support the notion that the cereblon binding partner AGO2 plays an important role in regulating MM cell growth and survival and AGO2 could be considered as a novel drug target for overcoming IMiD resistance in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, 453 Tiyuchang Rd, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yue-xian Hou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Patrick Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - James Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Chang-Xin Shi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Moulun Luo
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yuanxiao Zhu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Keith Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Xiu-bao Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
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18
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Saeidi K. Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Current molecular biology and genetics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:375-89. [PMID: 26697989 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders characterized by increased production of mature blood cells. Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs (Ph-MPNs) consist of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). A number of stem cell derived mutations have been identified in the past 10 years. These findings showed that JAK2V617F, as a diagnostic marker involving JAK2 exon 14 with a high frequency, is the best molecular characterization of Ph-MPNs. Somatic mutations in an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, named calreticulin (CALR), is the second most common mutation in patients with ET and PMF after JAK2 V617F mutation. Discovery of CALR mutations led to the increased molecular diagnostic of ET and PMF up to 90%. It has been shown that JAK2V617F is not the unique event in disease pathogenesis. Some other genes' location such as TET oncogene family member 2 (TET2), additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1), casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene (CBL), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/IDH2), IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), tumor protein p53 (TP53), runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) have also identified to be involved in MPNs phenotypes. Here, current molecular biology and genetic mechanisms involved in MNPs with a focus on the aforementioned factors is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Saeidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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19
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Blyth BJ, Kakinuma S, Sunaoshi M, Amasaki Y, Hirano-Sakairi S, Ogawa K, Shirakami A, Shang Y, Tsuruoka C, Nishimura M, Shimada Y. Genetic Analysis of T Cell Lymphomas in Carbon Ion-Irradiated Mice Reveals Frequent Interstitial Chromosome Deletions: Implications for Second Cancer Induction in Normal Tissues during Carbon Ion Radiotherapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130666. [PMID: 26125582 PMCID: PMC4488329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring mice exposed to carbon ion radiotherapy provides an indirect method to evaluate the potential for second cancer induction in normal tissues outside the radiotherapy target volume, since such estimates are not yet possible from historical patient data. Here, male and female B6C3F1 mice were given single or fractionated whole-body exposure(s) to a monoenergetic carbon ion radiotherapy beam at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan, matching the radiation quality delivered to the normal tissue ahead of the tumour volume (average linear energy transfer = 13 keV.μm-1) during patient radiotherapy protocols. The mice were monitored for the remainder of their lifespan, and a large number of T cell lymphomas that arose in these mice were analysed alongside those arising following an equivalent dose of 137Cs gamma ray-irradiation. Using genome-wide DNA copy number analysis to identify genomic loci involved in radiation-induced lymphomagenesis and subsequent detailed analysis of Notch1, Ikzf1, Pten, Trp53 and Bcl11b genes, we compared the genetic profile of the carbon ion- and gamma ray-induced tumours. The canonical set of genes previously associated with radiation-induced T cell lymphoma was identified in both radiation groups. While the pattern of disruption of the various pathways was somewhat different between the radiation types, most notably Pten mutation frequency and loss of heterozygosity flanking Bcl11b, the most striking finding was the observation of large interstitial deletions at various sites across the genome in carbon ion-induced tumours, which were only seen infrequently in the gamma ray-induced tumours analysed. If such large interstitial chromosomal deletions are a characteristic lesion of carbon ion irradiation, even when using the low linear energy transfer radiation to which normal tissues are exposed in radiotherapy patients, understanding the dose-response and tissue specificity of such DNA damage could prove key to assessing second cancer risk in carbon ion radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Blyth
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sunaoshi
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Amasaki
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hirano-Sakairi
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanae Ogawa
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayana Shirakami
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yi Shang
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nishimura
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Shimada
- Radiobiology for Children’s Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The discovery of the Klotho (KL) gene, which was originally identified as a putative aging-suppressor gene, has generated tremendous interest and has advanced understanding of the aging process. In mice, the overexpression of the KL gene extends the life span, whereas mutations to the KL gene shorten the life span. The human KL gene encodes the α-Klotho protein, which is a multifunctional protein that regulates the metabolism of phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D. α-Klotho also may function as a hormone, although the α-Klotho receptor(s) has not been found. Point mutations of the KL gene in humans are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, which suggests that α-Klotho may be essential to the maintenance of normal renal function. Three α-Klotho protein types with potentially different functions have been identified: a full-length transmembrane α-Klotho, a truncated soluble α-Klotho, and a secreted α-Klotho. Recent evidence suggests that α-Klotho suppresses the insulin and Wnt signaling pathways, inhibits oxidative stress, and regulates phosphatase and calcium absorption. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in the understanding of the molecular, genetic, biochemical, and physiological properties of the KL gene. Specifically, this review focuses on the structure of the KL gene and the factors that regulate KL gene transcription, the key sites in the regulation of α-Klotho enzyme activity, the α-Klotho signaling pathways, and the molecular mechanisms that underlie α-Klotho function. This current understanding of the molecular biology of the α-Klotho protein may offer new insights into its function and role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechi Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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21
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Witkowski MT, Cimmino L, Hu Y, Trimarchi T, Tagoh H, McKenzie MD, Best SA, Tuohey L, Willson TA, Nutt SL, Busslinger M, Aifantis I, Smyth GK, Dickins RA. Activated Notch counteracts Ikaros tumor suppression in mouse and human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 29:1301-11. [PMID: 25655195 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating NOTCH1 mutations occur in ~60% of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs), and mutations disrupting the transcription factor IKZF1 (IKAROS) occur in ~5% of cases. To investigate the regulatory interplay between these driver genes, we have used a novel transgenic RNA interference mouse model to produce primary T-ALLs driven by reversible Ikaros knockdown. Restoring endogenous Ikaros expression in established T-ALL in vivo acutely represses Notch1 and its oncogenic target genes including Myc, and in multiple primary leukemias causes disease regression. In contrast, leukemias expressing high levels of endogenous or engineered forms of activated intracellular Notch1 (ICN1) resembling those found in human T-ALL rapidly relapse following Ikaros restoration, indicating that ICN1 functionally antagonizes Ikaros in established disease. Furthermore, we find that IKAROS mRNA expression is significantly reduced in a cohort of primary human T-ALL patient samples with activating NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations, but is upregulated upon acute inhibition of aberrant NOTCH signaling across a panel of human T-ALL cell lines. These results demonstrate for the first time that aberrant NOTCH activity compromises IKAROS function in mouse and human T-ALL, and provide a potential explanation for the relative infrequency of IKAROS gene mutations in human T-ALL.
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22
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Moschovi M, Adamaki M, Athanasiadou A, Divane A, Karytianou A, Tourkantoni N. Possible implication of IKAROS gene deletion and BCR-ABL1 variants in progression of chronic myeloid leukemia to lymphoid blast crisis in childhood: a single-institution experience. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2460-2. [PMID: 25641431 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.999331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moschovi
- a Hematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics , University of Athens, "Marianna V. Vardinoyiannis - ELPIDA", "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- a Hematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics , University of Athens, "Marianna V. Vardinoyiannis - ELPIDA", "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Anastasia Athanasiadou
- a Hematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics , University of Athens, "Marianna V. Vardinoyiannis - ELPIDA", "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Aspasia Divane
- b LIFE CODE Genetic Center for Research and Diagnosis , Athens , Greece
| | - Anna Karytianou
- b LIFE CODE Genetic Center for Research and Diagnosis , Athens , Greece
| | - Natalia Tourkantoni
- a Hematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics , University of Athens, "Marianna V. Vardinoyiannis - ELPIDA", "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital , Athens , Greece
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23
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Nelson N, Xiang S, Zhang X, Gilvary D, Djeu J, Husain K, Malafa M, Vohra N, Pilon-Thomas S, Ghansah T. Murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma reduces Ikaros expression and disrupts T cell homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115546. [PMID: 25629611 PMCID: PMC4309586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of T cell immune homeostasis is critical for adequate anti-tumor immunity. The transcription factor Ikaros is essential for lymphocyte development including T cells. Alterations in Ikaros expression occur in blood malignancies in humans and mice. In this study, we investigated the role of Ikaros in regulating T cell immune balance in pancreatic cancer mouse models. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using our Panc02 tumor-bearing (TB) mouse model, western blot analysis revealed a reduction in Ikaros proteins while qRT-PCR showed no differences in Ikaros mRNA levels in TB splenocytes compared to control. Treatment of naïve splenocytes with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, stabilized Ikaros expression and prevented Ikaros downregulation by Panc02 cells, in vitro. Western blot analyses showed a reduction in protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and protein kinase CK2 expression in TB splenocytes while CK2 activity was increased. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed altered punctate staining of Ikaros in TB splenocytes. Flow cytometry revealed a significant decrease in effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell percentages but increased CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in TB splenocytes. Similar alterations in T cell percentages, as well as reduced Ikaros and CK2 but not PP1 expression, were observed in a transgenic, triple mutant (TrM) pancreatic cancer model. Ikaros expression was also reduced in enriched TB CD3+ T cells. MG132 treatment of naïve CD3+ T cells stabilized Ikaros expression in the presence of Panc02 cells. Western blots showed reduced PP1 and CK2 expression in TB CD3+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that the pancreatic tumor microenvironment may cause proteasomal degradation of Ikaros, possibly via dysregulation of PP1 and CK2 expression and activity, respectively. This loss of Ikaros expression may contribute to an imbalance in T cell percentages. Ikaros may potentially be a therapeutic target to restore T cell homeostasis in pancreatic cancer hosts, which may be critical for effective anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Shengyan Xiang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Danielle Gilvary
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Nasreen Vohra
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Tomar Ghansah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bernt KM, Hunger SP. Current concepts in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2014; 4:54. [PMID: 24724051 PMCID: PMC3971203 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(9;22)(q34;q11) or Philadelphia chromosome creates a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene encoding for a chimeric BCR-ABL1 protein. It is present in 3-4% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL), and about 25% of adult ALL cases. Prior to the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), Ph(+) ALL was associated with a very poor prognosis despite the use of intensive chemotherapy and frequently hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission. The development of TKIs revolutionized the therapy of Ph(+) ALL. Addition of the first generation ABL1 class TKI imatinib to intensive chemotherapy dramatically increased the survival for children with Ph(+) ALL and established that many patients can be cured without HSCT. In parallel, the mechanistic understanding of Ph(+) ALL expanded exponentially through careful mapping of pathways downstream of BCR-ABL1, the discovery of mutations in master regulators of B-cell development such as IKZF1 (Ikaros), PAX5, and early B-cell factor (EBF), the recognition of the complex clonal architecture of Ph(+) ALL, and the delineation of genomic, epigenetic, and signaling abnormalities contributing to relapse and resistance. Still, many important basic and clinical questions remain unanswered. Current clinical trials are testing second generation TKIs in patients with newly diagnosed Ph(+) ALL. Neither the optimal duration of therapy nor the optimal chemotherapy backbone are currently defined. The role of HSCT in first remission and post-transplant TKI therapy also require further study. In addition, it will be crucial to continue to dig deeper into understanding Ph(+) ALL at a mechanistic level, and translate findings into complementary targeted approaches. Expanding targeted therapies hold great promise to decrease toxicity and improve survival in this high-risk disease, which provides a paradigm for how targeted therapies can be incorporated into treatment of other high-risk leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Bernt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
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25
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Hales EC, Taub JW, Matherly LH. New insights into Notch1 regulation of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR1 signaling axis: Targeted therapy of γ-secretase inhibitor resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2014; 26:149-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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26
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Linabery AM, Blommer CN, Spector LG, Davies SM, Robison LL, Ross JA. ARID5B and IKZF1 variants, selected demographic factors, and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Leuk Res 2013; 37:936-42. [PMID: 23692655 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between common germline variants in ARID5B and IKZF1 and other known childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk factors were queried using biospecimens and data from 770 ALL cases and 384 controls. Case-control comparisons revealed dose-dependent associations between ARID5B rs10821936, ARID5B rs10994982, and IKZF1 rs11978267 and childhood ALL overall, and B lineage and B lineage hyperdiploid ALL examined separately (all allelic odds ratios ≥1.33, Ptrend≤0.001). No heterogeneity was observed between ORs for males and females (all Pinteraction≥0.48). Likewise, no significant genotype-birth weight interactions were detected (all Pinteraction≥0.12) among cases. These results indicate similar ALL risk across strata of known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Linabery
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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27
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Liu M, Hou X, Zhang P, Hao Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Zhu D, Guan Y. Microarray gene expression profiling analysis combined with bioinformatics in multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3731-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Kastner P, Dupuis A, Gaub MP, Herbrecht R, Lutz P, Chan S. Function of Ikaros as a tumor suppressor in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Blood Res 2013; 3:1-13. [PMID: 23358883 PMCID: PMC3555193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ikaros transcription factor is crucial for many aspects of hematopoiesis. Loss of function mutations in IKZF1, the gene encoding Ikaros, have been implicated in adult and pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). These mutations result in haploinsufficiency of the Ikaros gene in approximately half of the cases. The remaining cases contain more severe or compound mutations that lead to the generation of dominant-negative proteins or complete loss of function. All IKZF1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis. Here we review the current genetic, clinical and mechanistic evidence for the role of Ikaros as a tumor suppressor in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de MédecineStrasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg67404 Illkirch, France
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgAvenue Molière, 67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaub
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de MédecineStrasbourg, France
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgAvenue Molière, 67100 Strasbourg, France
- Plate-forme Régionale INCa de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers d’AlsaceAvenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Raoul Herbrecht
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de MédecineStrasbourg, France
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgAvenue Molière, 67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de MédecineStrasbourg, France
- Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgAvenue Molière, 67100 Strasbourg, France
| | - Susan Chan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg67404 Illkirch, France
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Hirano S, Kakinuma S, Amasaki Y, Nishimura M, Imaoka T, Fujimoto S, Hino O, Shimada Y. Ikaros is a critical target during simultaneous exposure to X-rays and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in mouse T-cell lymphomagenesis. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:259-68. [PMID: 22684892 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer risk associated with radiation exposure is considered the result of concurrent exposure to other natural and manmade carcinogens. Available data on the molecular characteristics of cancer after simultaneous exposure to radiation and chemicals are insufficient. In our study, we used a mouse thymic lymphoma (TL) model that was synergistically induced by simultaneous exposure to X-rays and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) at subcarcinogenic doses and analyzed the mutation frequency and spectrum of the TL-associated genes Ikaros, Notch1, p53 and Kras. We found that the point mutation frequency in Ikaros was significantly increased to 47% for simultaneous exposure compared to 13 and 0% for X-ray and ENU exposure alone, respectively. These mutations were mostly G:C > A:T at non-CpG sites and T:A > C:G, both of which are characteristic of ENU mutagenesis. About half of the point mutations were accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (LOH), typical of X-irradiation. The remaining half did not include LOH, which suggests that they were dominant-negative mutations. In Notch1, the frequency of abnormalities was high (>58%) regardless of the treatment, suggesting that Notch1 aberration may be important for T-cell lymphomagenesis. The p53 and Kras mutation frequencies were low for all treatments (<23%). Importantly, the frequency of TLs containing mutations in multiple genes, especially both Ikaros and Notch1, increased after simultaneous exposure. Thus, after simultaneous exposure, Ikaros is a critical target and is inactivated by ENU-induced point mutations and/or X-ray-induced LOH in T-cell lymphomagenesis. Furthermore, concomitant alterations of multiple tumor-associated genes may contribute to enhanced lymphomagenesis after simultaneous exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Hirano
- Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-Ku, Chiba, Japan
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Tijchon E, Havinga J, van Leeuwen FN, Scheijen B. B-lineage transcription factors and cooperating gene lesions required for leukemia development. Leukemia 2012; 27:541-52. [PMID: 23047478 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into B lymphocytes requires the concerted action of specific transcription factors, such as RUNX1, IKZF1, E2A, EBF1 and PAX5. As key determinants of normal B-cell development, B-lineage transcription factors are frequently deregulated in hematological malignancies, such as B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), and affected by either chromosomal translocations, gene deletions or point mutations. However, genetic aberrations in this developmental pathway are generally insufficient to induce BCP-ALL, and often complemented by genetic defects in cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinases (IL-7Rα, CRLF2, JAK2 and c-ABL1), transcriptional cofactors (TBL1XR1, CBP and BTG1), as well as the regulatory pathways that mediate cell-cycle control (pRB and INK4A/B). Here we provide a detailed overview of the genetic pathways that interact with these B-lineage specification factors, and describe how mutations affecting these master regulators together with cooperating lesions drive leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tijchon
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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31
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Li Z, Song C, Ouyang H, Lai L, Payne KJ, Dovat S. Cell cycle-specific function of Ikaros in human leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:69-76. [PMID: 22106042 PMCID: PMC3292658 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of Ikaros is associated with the development of B and T cell leukemia. Data on Ikaros function, including its role as a tumor suppressor and a regulator of cell cycle progression, come almost exclusively from murine studies; little is known of the mechanisms that regulate human Ikaros function. Our studies are the first to examine the function and regulation of human Ikaros isoforms during the cell cycle in human ALL. PROCEDURES Electromobility shift assay (EMSA), confocal microscopy, and phosphopeptide mapping were used to study Ikaros function during different stages of the cell cycle. RESULTS The DNA-binding activity of human Ikaros complexes undergoes dynamic changes as the cell cycle progresses. In S phase, Ikaros DNA-binding affinity for regulatory regions of its target genes decreases, while its binding to pericentromeric heterochromatin is preserved and correlates with Ikaros pericentromeric localization. These S phase-specific changes in Ikaros function are controlled by phosphorylation via the CK2 kinase pathway. During cell cycle progression, the subcellular pericentromeric localization of the largest human Ikaros isoforms is different from that in mouse cells, suggesting unique functions for human Ikaros. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the function of Ikaros is cell cycle-specific and controlled by CK2-mediated phosphorylation during S phase of the cell cycle in human T-cell and B-cell ALL. The differences we observe in murine and human Ikaros function highlight the importance of using human cells in studies of ALL. These data identify the CK2 pathway as a target for therapies in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Li
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA,Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Jilin Province Animal Embryo Engineering Key Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | | | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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32
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Onozawa M, Aplan PD. Illegitimate V(D)J recombination involving nonantigen receptor loci in lymphoid malignancy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:525-35. [PMID: 22334400 PMCID: PMC3323722 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
V(D)J recombination of antigen receptor loci (IGH, IGK, IGL, TCRA, TCRB, TCRG, and TCRD) is an essential mechanism that confers enormous diversity to the mammalian immune system. However, there are now at least six examples of intrachromosomal interstitial deletions caused by aberrant V(D)J recombination between nonantigen receptor loci; five of out these six are associated with lymphoid malignancy. The SIL-SCL fusion and deletions of CDKN2A, IKZF1, Notch1, and Bcl11b are all associated with lymphoid malignancy. These interstitial deletions seem to be species specific, as the deletions seen in mice are not seen in humans; the converse is true as well. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these rearrangements reveals the hallmarks of V(D)J recombination, including site specificity near cryptic heptamer signal sequences, exonucleolytic "nibbling" at the junction site, and nontemplated "N"-region nucleotide insertion at the junction site. Two of these interstitial deletions (murine Notch1 and Bcl11b deletions) have been detected, at low frequency, in tissues from healthy mice with no evidence of malignancy, similar to the finding of chromosomal translocations in the peripheral blood or tonsils of healthy individuals. The contention that these are mediated via V(D)J recombination is strengthened by in vivo assays using extrachromosomal substrates, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence analysis which shows Rag2 binding at the sites of rearrangement. Although the efficiency of these "illegitimate" recombination events is several orders of magnitude less than that at bona fide antigen receptor loci, the consequence of such deletions, namely activation of proto-oncogenes or deletion of tumor suppressor genes, is devastating, and a major cause for lymphoid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Onozawa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter D. Aplan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
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33
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Abstract
Ikaros is a gene whose activity is essential for normal hematopoiesis. Ikaros acts as a master regulator of lymphoid and myeloid development as well as a tumor suppressor. In cells, Ikaros regulates gene expression via chromatin remodeling. During the past 15 years tremendous advances have been made in understanding the role of Ikaros in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In this Topic Highlights series of reviews, several groups of international experts in this field summarize the experimental data that is shaping the emerging picture of Ikaros function at the biochemical and cellular levels. The articles provide detailed analyses of recent scientific advancements and present models that will serve as a basis for future studies aimed at developing a better understanding of normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies and at accelerating the application of this knowledge in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Dovat
- Sinisa Dovat, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, United States
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