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Ibrahem S, Ahmed H, Zangana S. Trends in colorectal cancer in Iraq over two decades: incidence, mortality, topography and morphology. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:252-261. [PMID: 35933610 PMCID: PMC9357297 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of the elderly in the Western world, but its characteristics are changing globally. Iraq does not have a well established CRC screening program. Understanding trends of CRC incidence, fatality and the clinical features of CRC patients is vital to the design of effective public health measures; public awareness, screening, diagnosis and treatment strategies to meet the future demands. OBJECTIVES Determine trends in demography, incidence proportion, mortality, topography (primary tumor site) and morphology (histology) over two decades. DESIGN Registry-based study SETTING: Iraqi National Cancer Registry (INCR) database PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from CRC patients obtained from the INCR to calculate incidence and mortality proportion per 100 000 population for the period from 2000 to 2019. In addition to estimation, data were examined by anatomic location and morphological type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in the incidence and mortality proportion, topography and morphology of CRC over 20 years. SAMPLE SIZE 20 880 CRC patients ranging in age from 14-80 years. RESULTS The overall (males and females) CRC incidence proportion (CIP) increased from 2.28 to 6.18 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 5.11%. The incidence proportion (IP) of CRC in patients from 20 to <50 years rose from 1.46 in 2000 to 4.36 per 100 000 population in 2019, which is an APC of 5.6%. The IP in patients older than 50 years rose from 12.7 to 40.59 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an APC of 5.98%. The percentage of all CRC cases to all total malignancies in Iraq grew from 3.69% in 2000 to 6.5% in 2019. The CRC mortality proportion increased from 1.25 to 1.77 per 100 000 populations in 2010 and 2019, respectively, reflecting an APC of 3.54%. Anatomically, colon (C18) tumor represented 59.2% and 65.7% in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Rectal (C20) tumors were 37.2% in 2000 down to 31.4% in 2019, while rectosigmoid junction tumor (C19) were 3.6% in 2000 dropping to 2% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS CRC in Iraq is still a disease of the elderly and is rising in incidence and mortality in all age groups. This necessitates reconsidering health policy regarding CRC; public awareness, screening and management strategies to accommodate for these alarming changes. LIMITATIONS Data about stages, grades and molecular characterisations are not available in the INCR. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Ibrahem
- From the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Suhair Zangana
- From the Department of Oncology, Kirkuk Oncology Centre, Kirkuk, Iraq
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Hoseini B, Rahmatinejad Z, Goshayeshi L, Bergquist R, Golabpour A, Ghaffarzadegan K, Rahmatinejad F, Darrudi R, Eslami S. Colorectal Cancer in North-Eastern Iran: a retrospective, comparative study of early-onset and late-onset cases based on data from the Iranian hereditary colorectal cancer registry. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 34998373 PMCID: PMC8742430 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing among patients below 50 years of age. The reason for this is unclear, but could have to do with the fact that indicative variables, such as tumour location, gender preference and genetic preponderance have not been followed up in a consistent mann er. The current study was primarily conducted to improve the hereditary CRC screening programme by assessing the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of early-onset CRC compared to late-onset CRC in northeast Iran. METHODS This retrospective study, carried out over a three-year follow-up period (2014-2017), included 562 consecutive CRCs diagnosed in three Mashhad city hospital laboratories in north-eastern Iran. We applied comparative analysis of pathological and hereditary features together with information on the presence of mismatch repair (MMR) gene deficiency with respect to recovery versus mortality. Patients with mutations resulting in absence of the MMR gene MLH1 protein product and normal BRAF status were considered to be at high risk of Lynch syndrome (LS). Analyses using R studio software were performed on early-onset CRC (n = 222) and late-onset CRC (n = 340), corresponding to patients ≤50 years of age and patients > 50 years. RESULTS From an age-of-onset point of view, the distribution between the genders differed with females showing a higher proportion of early-onset CRC than men (56% vs. 44%), while the late-onset CRC disparity was less pronounced (48% vs. 52%). The mean age of all participants was 55.6 ± 14.8 years, with 40.3 ± 7.3 years for early-onset CRC and 65.1 ± 9.3 years for late-onset CRC. With respect to anatomical tumour location (distal, rectal and proximal), the frequencies were 61, 28 and 11%, respectively, but the variation did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a dramatic difference with regard to the history of CRC in second-degree relatives between two age categories, with much higher numbers of family-related CRCs in the early-onset group. Expression of the MLH1 and PMS2 genes were significantly different between recovered and deceased, while this finding was not observed with regard to the MSH6 and the MSH2 genes. Mortality was significantly higher in those at high risk of LS. CONCLUSION The variation of demographic, pathological and genetic characteristics between early-onset and late-onset CRC emphasizes the need for a well-defined algorithm to identify high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyamin Hoseini
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahmatinejad
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Formerly UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ingerod, SE-454 94, Brastad, Sweden
| | - Amin Golabpour
- School of Paramedical , Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaffarzadegan
- Pathology Department, Education and Research Department, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmatinejad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Darrudi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Daghestani M, Hakami HH, Hassan ZK, Badr G, Amin MH, Amin MH, Shafi Bhat R. The anti-cancer effect of Echis coloratus and Walterinnesia aegyptia venoms on colon cancer cells. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1564774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Center for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana H. Hakami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Center for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab K. Hassan
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maysoor H. Amin
- Ministry of Education, National Olympiad for Scientific Creativity, King Abdul-Aziz & his Companions Foundation for Giftedness & Creativity Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Engineering West, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Mohannad H. Amin
- Ministry of Education, National Olympiad for Scientific Creativity, King Abdul-Aziz & his Companions Foundation for Giftedness & Creativity Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia
- Riyadh ELM University, Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Center for Scientific and Medical Female Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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The effect of demographic, clinical, and pathological data on quality of life in rectum cancer. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7411-7420. [PMID: 34075455 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the current study are to describe the quality of life among patients with rectal cancer and to determine the clinical and demographic correlation that influences the quality of life of rectal cancer patients. METHOD In this study, 50 patients with rectal cancer treated in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital were included. Ethics committee approval was received for the study. Data collection form was used to determine the demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. To assess the quality of life, the European Committee of Cancer Treatment and Organization Quality of Life Scale (EORTC QLQ-C30) question-answer scale was used. The data were collected by interviewing the patients face to face. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between dependent variables. RESULTS As a result of this study, 52% of patients were 65 years and older and 54% were male patients. The most common surgery was low anterior resection and the most common type of pathology was adenocarcinoma. According to American Cancer Committee (AJCC) 7th edition 2009 staging, 80% stage 3 was the most common. In EORTC C30 Cancer Quality of Life Scale Functional Scale Subscale, the highest score is from the physical function and the lowest score is from the emotional function. In the symptom scale subscale, the most common symptom was nausea/vomiting. Performance status (ECOG) was found to be significantly associated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and symptom scores. There was a moderately significant positive correlation between symptom scales and global health status scales (ρ = 0.51; p < 0.001). There was a perfectly positive and significant relationship between symptom scales and functional scales (ρ = 0.83; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As a result of this study we conducted, it was observed that rectal cancer patients decreased performance status and increased symptoms in the presence of advanced disease. Accordingly, it was found that the quality of life of the patient decreased.
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Mehrzad J, Dayyani M, Erfanian-Khorasani M. The independent and combined effects of selected risk factors and Arg399Gln XRCC1 polymorphism in the risk of colorectal cancer among an Iranian population. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:75. [PMID: 33306066 PMCID: PMC7711031 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several environmental and genetic factors have contributed to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of some selected risk factors and Arg399Gln XRCC1 polymorphism on CRC.
Methods: A total of 180 patients with CRC and 160 healthy individuals who were matched for sex, age, and place of residence (Northeast of Iran) participated in this case-control study. Before collecting blood samples and filling out questionnaires, a written consent form was obtained from all participants. Genotypes were determined by RFLP-PCR. The comparison of genotype and allele frequencies was performed using p value based on the results of chi-square test. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by employing a logistic regression model. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS. Each of the 2- sided p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The level of literacy, physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruits, and tea intake of the patients were significantly lower than healthy individuals, but gastrointestinal disorders, family history of cancer, BMI, and fast food consumption were significantly higher in cases than in controls. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding smoking, opioid addiction, alcohol consumption, diet, fish consumption, and liquid intake, using the kitchen hood, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln and Arg/Gln genotypes were involved in increased CRC risk (The crude OR =1.781 with a 95% CI of 1.156-2.744 and OR = 1.690 with a 95% CI of 0.787-3.630). Also, Gln/Gln genotype was more frequent in CRC group than in control group. However, none of the risk factors interacted with polymorphism, and thus did not have an effect on CRC.
Conclusion: Some risk factors, such as reducing the consumption of vegetables and fruits or reducing physical activity as well as polymorphism of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln alone, increase the risk of CRC, but they do not interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Mehrzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Dayyani
- Radiation Oncology Department, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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The Real-Life Data of BRAF Mutation on the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: a TOG Study. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:932-939. [PMID: 32914373 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is the third leading diagnosis accounting for nearly 10% of all new cancers worldwide. The distinct features among BRAF mutant colorectal cancers make these tumor groups hard to treat for oncologists. The median overall survival (OS) of these types of cancers is reported to be 9 to 14 months. METHODS The study was declared on the Turkish Oncology Study Group Conference and approved. The patients' data was received from the centers who confirmed to participate. The BRAF-mutated patients were included in the study. The demographic features (age, gender, etc.), type of mutation, tumor localizations, histology, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, metastasis patterns chemotherapeutic agents and progression, and death times were recorded. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. Sixteen patients had concurrent KRAS mutations, while 7 had NRAS mutations. Most of the patients received doublet chemotherapies in combination with anti-VEGF agents in the first and second line of the treatment. There was a significant difference in OS according to the stage which showed a decreased survival in stage IV patients at the time of diagnosis. Concurrent KRAS mutation resulted in increased OS. The median OS was 47 and 24 months favoring the KRAS mutant group. The patients whose primary tumor operated had better survival when compared with other patients. The median OS of the operated group was 47 months, while the non-operated group was 24 months. Liver metastasis was related to worse prognosis at the time of diagnosis in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION In our study we found a high concurrent RAS mutation ratio in a BRAF mutant patient group which was different from prior studies. The concurrent mutations resulted in a favorable outcome in terms of OS which is also different from the current knowledge. More prospective studies are needed especially BRAF-mutated patient population and especially with concurrent RAS mutations.
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Mint Sidi Deoula M, El Kinany K, Hatime Z, Boudouaya HA, El Rhazi K. Meat and colorectal cancer in Middle Eastern and North African countries: update of literature review. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:7. [PMID: 32426173 PMCID: PMC7216610 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This review discusses the findings from epidemiological studies that have examined the possible role of meat and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. Methods We conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases for observational studies that investigated the association between meat and CRC risk in adults from the MENA region. Results Eleven studies were included in this review. For red meat overall, significant associations were found. Regarding beef meat intake, the study included found controversial results with OR = 0.18 (95% CI 0.03–0.09). A positive association was observed between chicken and CRC risk, at OR = 2.52 (95% CI 1.33–4.77) to OR = 4.00 (95% CI 1.53–10.41) to OR = 15.32 (95% CI 3.28–71.45). A significant association was observed between processed meat intake and CRC risk, OR = 9.08 (95% CI 1.02–80.58). Conclusion This is the first literature review which illustrated the association between meat consumption and CRC risk in MENA region. We concluded that these studies included in this review have been controversial and not sufficient to establish a clear relationship between CRC and meat consumption in the MENA region. Further studies are necessary to be carried out in this region, with a larger sample size and submit to rigorous criteria. This review will help researchers to improve the quality of future studies about the association between CRC and nutritional diet in general and meat in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimouna Mint Sidi Deoula
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.,2Laboratory of Sciences Medical and Translational Research, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khaoula El Kinany
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Zineb Hatime
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanae Abir Boudouaya
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Civil O, Okkabaz N, Sahin TT, Tiryaki C, Yazicioglu MB, Kement M. Long-Term Results and Prognostic Significance of Non-ANATOMIC Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Single Center Experience. Indian J Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Degirmencioglu S, Tanrıverdi O, Demiray AG, Senol H, Dogu GG, Yaren A. Retrospective comparison of efficacy and safety of CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2507-2515. [PMID: 31099282 PMCID: PMC6567718 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519848258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimens as adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III colon cancer. Methods A total of 243 patients who received CAPOX and FOLFOX chemotherapy between 2014 and 2018 for stage III colon cancer in two centers were retrospectively studied. Among the patients, 106 (43.6%) and 137 (56.4%) were treated using CAPOX and FOLFOX regimens, respectively. Efficacy, treatment-related side effects, and overall survival rates with these two regimens were compared. Results The rate of disease progression was significantly higher in the presence of moderately/poorly differentiated histology, and KRAS and NRAS mutations. An increased number of metastatic lymph nodes and prolonged time from surgery to chemotherapy significantly increased disease progression. Patients who received CAPOX were significantly older than those who received FOLFOX. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates were significantly higher in the FOLFOX arm than in the CAPOX arm. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two regimens. Conclusion The CAPOX regimen is preferred in older patients. Disease progression, metastasis, and mortality rates are higher with FOLFOX than with CAPOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Degirmencioglu
- 1 Medical Oncology Department, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Tanrıverdi
- 2 Medical Oncology Department, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Atike Gokcen Demiray
- 1 Medical Oncology Department, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- 3 Medical Biostatistics Department, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gamze Gokoz Dogu
- 1 Medical Oncology Department, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yaren
- 1 Medical Oncology Department, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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A Concise Review of Pelvic Radiation Therapy (RT) for Rectal Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastases. Int J Surg Oncol 2019; 2019:5239042. [PMID: 31139467 PMCID: PMC6500597 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Colorectal cancer is a major health concern as a very common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The liver is a very common site of metastatic spread for colorectal cancers, and, while nearly half of the patients develop metastases during the course of their disease, synchronous liver metastases are detected in 15% to 25% of cases. There is no standardized treatment in this setting and no consensus exists on optimal sequencing of multimodality management for rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. Methods Herein, we review the use of pelvic radiation therapy (RT) as part of potentially curative or palliative management of rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. Results There is accumulating evidence on the utility of pelvic RT for facilitating subsequent surgery, improving local tumor control, and achieving palliation of symptoms in patients with stage IV rectal cancer. Introduction of superior imaging capabilities and contemporary RT approaches such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) offer improved precision and toxicity profile of radiation delivery in the modern era. Conclusion Even in the setting of stage IV rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases, there may be potential for extended survival and cure by aggressive management of primary tumor and metastases in selected patients. Despite lack of consensus on sequencing of treatment modalities, pelvic RT may serve as a critical component of multidisciplinary management. Resectability of primary rectal tumor and liver metastases, patient preferences, comorbidities, symptomatology, and logistical issues should be thoroughly considered in decision making for optimal management of patients.
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Ünal NG, Özütemiz Ö, Tekin F, Turan İ, Osmanoğlu N. Colorectal cancer and dysplasia risk of ulcerative colitis patients in a tertiary referral center in Turkey. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 30:139-147. [PMID: 30460897 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.18221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). High-grade dysplasia (HGD) and low-grade dysplasia (LGD) are premalignant conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of CRC/dysplasia in patients with UC, and the related risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 1659 patients dating between 1993 and 2016 were scanned from an inflammatory bowel disease database. A total of 801 patients with UC who underwent at least one colonoscopic procedure with at least 1-year follow-up period were included in the study. Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological data were assessed. RESULTS The mean disease duration was 6.7±6.6 years. The total disease duration was 5334 person-years duration (pyd), and 34% of patients had the disease for 8 years or longer. The prevalence of UC-associated CRC was 0.7%, and the prevalence of dysplasia was 0.85%. The overall incidence of CRC was determined to be 1.1/1000 pyd. The cumulative risk of CRC was 0.3% at 10 years, 1.3% at 20 years, and 5.9% at 30 years. The Cox regression analysis indicated that primary sclerosing cholangitis (HR:13.677, 95% CI:2.6-70.8, p = 0.012) was an independent risk factor for developing UC-associated CRC. CONCLUSION This study underlined the low risk of CRC and dysplasia in patients with UC in a tertiary referral center in the western part of Turkey. Primary sclerosing cholangitis was found to be the most important risk factor for the development of CRC in patients with UC. Identification of risk factors is important to categorize patients into subgroups to know which patients will require frequent surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Gülşen Ünal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Özütemiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tekin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İlker Turan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Necla Osmanoğlu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Cengiz A, Göksel S, Yürekli Y. Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Carcinoma of Unknown Primary. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2018; 27:126-132. [PMID: 30317849 PMCID: PMC6191738 DOI: 10.4274/mirt.64426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). Methods: One hundred twenty one patients with a diagnosis of CUP who underwent whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were included in this retrospective study. The final diagnoses were confirmed either histopathologically or by clinical follow-up. Results: The 18F-FDG-PET/CT successfully detected the primary tumor in 59 out of 121 (49%) patients. The most common primary tumor as detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT was lung cancer (n=31). In a patient, two primary tumors (colon and prostate) were detected on PET/CT imaging. Bone marrow biopsy revealed prostate cancer in this patient and the colon cancer was accepted as a synchronous second primary tumor. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings were false-positive in 11 patients. 18F-FDG PET/CT could not detect any primary lesion in 51 patients, whose conventional work-up detected a primary tumor in 11 and thus considered as false-negative. The sensitivity, specificity rate and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of primary tumor were identified as 84%, 78% and 82%, respectively. Conclusion: Whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT is an effective method for detecting the primary tumor in patients with CUP. In addition to detecting the primary tumor, it can also help determine disease extent and contribute to patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Cengiz
- Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sibel Göksel
- Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Yakup Yürekli
- Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
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Mosallaei M, Simonian M, Ahangari F, Miraghajani M, Mortazavi D, Salehi AR, Khosravi S, Salehi R. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4648298 in miRNAs hsa-miR21 and hsa-miR590 binding site of COX gene is a strong colorectal cancer determinant. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:448-457. [PMID: 29998010 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2017.11.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic determinants are considered as driving forces in development colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignancy that ranks as the second cause of cancer death in the world. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are considered as the main genetic factor in cancers susceptibility. MicroRNAs are critical players in posttranslational gene regulation by binding to their specific recognition sequences located at 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. In present study we have elucidated the role of 9,850 A > G (rs4648298), in development of sporadic CRC in Iranian population. Methods A case-control study using 88 CRC patients and 88 noncancerous counterparts was undertaken in order to determine rs4648298 genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Also, a meta-analysis was performed based on 9 articles accessed via the MEDLINE, Cochrane review, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Results AA genotype was determined to be associated with significant decreased risk of CRC in our study population [odds ratio (OR) =0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05-0.34; P<0.001]. In a meta-analysis on 6 risk estimates for the AG versus AA genotype, we found a significant inverse association between AG SNPs and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma, CRC, breast cancer and prostate cancer (OR =0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98; P<0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest significant correlation between rs4648298 polymorphism and CRC risk in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Miganoosh Simonian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fateme Ahangari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharifeh Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Gerfa Namayesh Azmayesh (GENAZMA) Science & Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Malekpour Afshar R, Deldar Z, Mollaei HR, Arabzadeh SA, Iranpour M. Evaluation of HPV DNA positivity in colorectal cancer patients in Kerman, Southeast Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:193-198. [PMID: 29373913 PMCID: PMC5844617 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.1.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The HPV virus is known to be oncogenic and associations with many cancers has been proven. Although many studies have been conducted on the possible relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC), a definitive role of the virus has yet to be identified. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the frequency of HPV positivity in CRC samples in Kerman was assessed in 84 cases with a mean age of 47.7 ± 12.5 years over two years. Qualitative real time PCR was performed using general primers for the L1 region of HPV DNA. Results: Out of 84 CRC samples, 19 (22.6%), proved positive for HPV DNA. Genotyping of positive samples showed all of these to be of high risk HPV type. Prevalence of HPV infection appears to depend geographic region, life style, diet and other factors. Conclusion: In our location frequency of CRC is low, and this limited the sample size for evaluation of HPV DNA. The most prevalent types were HPV types 51 and 56. While HPV infection may play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis, this needs to be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Malekpour Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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15
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Fight of Turkish medical oncologists against cancer: Focus on two societies: Turkish Society of Medical Oncology and Turkish Oncology Group. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jons.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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16
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Mamyrbayev A, Djarkenov T, Dosbayev A, Dusembayeva N, Shpakov A, Umarova G, Drobchenko Y, Kunurkulzhayev T, Zhaylybaev M, Isayeva G. The Incidence of Malignant Tumors in Environmentally Disadvantaged Regions of Kazakhstan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5203-5209. [PMID: 28125862 PMCID: PMC5454659 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition – 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arstan Mamyrbayev
- West Kazakhstan branch of “National Centre for Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, Aktobe, Kazakhstan.
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17
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Khan NA, Hussain M, ur Rahman A, Farooqui WA, Rasheed A, Memon AS. Dietary Practices, Addictive Behavior and Bowel Habits and Risk of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: a Case Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7967-73. [PMID: 26625827 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abrupt rise of colorectal cancer in developing countries is raising concern in healthcare settings. Studies on assessing relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the Pakistani population have been limited. The present investigation was designed to examine associations of dietary practices, addictive behavior and bowel habits in developing colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients in a low-resource setup. MATERIALS AND METHODS An age-gender matched case control study was conducted from October 2011 to July 2015 in Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were from the surgical oncology department of a public sector tertiary care hospital, while their two pair-matched controls were recruited from the general population. A structured questionnaire was used which included questions related to demographic characteristics, family history, dietary patterns, addictive behavior and bowel habits. RESULTS A family history of cancer was associated with a 2.2 fold higher chance of developing CRC. Weight loss reduced the likelihood 7.6 times. Refraining from a high fat diet and consuming more vegetables showed protective effects for CRC. The risk of CRC was more than twice among smokers and those who consumed Asian specific addictive products as compared to those who avoid using these addictions (ORsmoking: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08 - 4.17, ORpan: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.6 - 5.33, ORgutka: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14 - 3.97). Use of NSAID attenuated risk of CRC up to 86% (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Most of the findings showed concordance with the literature elucidating protective effects of consuming vegetables and low fat diet while documenting adverse associations with family history, weight loss, constipation and hematochezia. Moreover, this study highlighted Asian specific indigenous addictive products as important factors. Further studies are needed to validate the findings produced by this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ali Khan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Civil Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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