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Zwahlen J, Gairin E, Vianello S, Mercader M, Roux N, Laudet V. The ecological function of thyroid hormones. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220511. [PMID: 38310932 PMCID: PMC10838650 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are central hormonal regulators, orchestrating gene expression and complex biological processes vital for growth and reproduction in variable environments by triggering specific developmental processes in response to external cues. TH serve distinct roles in different species: inducing metamorphosis in amphibians or teleost fishes, governing metabolic processes in mammals, and acting as effectors of seasonality. These multifaceted roles raise questions about the underlying mechanisms of TH action. Recent evidence suggests a shared ecological role of TH across vertebrates, potentially extending to a significant portion of bilaterian species. According to this model, TH ensure that ontogenetic transitions align with environmental conditions, particularly in terms of energy expenditure, helping animals to match their ontogenetic transition with available resources. This alignment spans post-embryonic developmental transitions common to all vertebrates and more subtle adjustments during seasonal changes. The underlying logic of TH function is to synchronize transitions with the environment. This review briefly outlines the fundamental mechanisms of thyroid signalling and shows various ways in which animals use this hormonal system in natural environments. Lastly, we propose a model linking TH signalling, environmental conditions, ontogenetic trajectory and metabolism. This article is part of the theme issue 'Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann Zwahlen
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Emma Gairin
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Stefano Vianello
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Lan 262, Taiwan
| | - Manon Mercader
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Natacha Roux
- Computational Neuroethology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Lan 262, Taiwan
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Rannaud-Bartaire P, Fini JB. [Disruptors of thyroid hormones: Which consequences for human health and environment?]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 217:219-231. [PMID: 38018950 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) of chemical origin are the subject of numerous studies, some of which have led to measures aimed at limiting their use and their impact on the environment and human health. Dozens of hormones have been described and are common to all vertebrates (some chemically related messengers have also been identified in invertebrates), with variable roles that are not always known. The effects of endocrine disruptors therefore potentially concern all animal species via all endocrine axes. These effects are added to the other parameters of the exposome, leading to strong, multiple and complex adaptive pressures. The effects of EDs on reproductive and thyroid pathways have been among the most extensively studied over the last 30 years, in a large number of species. The study of the effects of EDs on thyroid pathways and brain development goes hand in hand with increasing knowledge of 1) the different roles of thyroid hormones at cellular or tissue level (particularly developing brain tissue) in many species, 2) other hormonal pathways and 3) epigenetic interactions. If we want to understand how EDs affect living organisms, we need to integrate results from complementary scientific fields within an integrated, multi-model approach (the so-called translational approach). In the present review article, we aim at reporting recent discoveries and discuss prospects for action in the fields of medicine and research. We also want to highlight the need for an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to studying impacts and taking appropriate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rannaud-Bartaire
- Laboratoire PHYMA, MNHN, UMR 7221, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France - Hôpital Saint-Vincent-De-Paul, GHICL, boulevard de Belfort, 59000 Lille, France
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Esin EV, Shulgina EV, Shkil FN. Rapid hyperthyroidism-induced adaptation of salmonid fish in response to environmental pollution. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1471-1483. [PMID: 37731226 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The streams draining volcanic landscapes are often characterized by a complex series of factors that negatively affect hydrobionts and lead to declines in their populations. However, in a number of cases, a range of rapid adaptive changes ensure the resilience of hydrobiont populations. Here, we present both field and experimental data shedding light on the physiological basis of adaptation to heavy metal contamination in populations of Dolly Varden charr (Salvelinus malma) differing in duration of isolation in volcanic streams. The study reveals that isolated populations have a physiological phenotype that distinguishes them from populations inhabiting clean waters. They are characterized by a hyperthyroid status accompanied by an increased metabolic rate, elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased ionic conductivity of tissues and reduced stored energy reserves. Our experimental data reveal that hyperthyroidism is an adaptive characteristic enhancing the resistance to heavy metal contamination and shaping the evolution of these populations. The similarity of physiological, developmental and morphological changes in isolated populations suggests a common source and mechanisms underpinning this case of 'evolutionary rescue'. Thus, populations of S. malma trapped in volcanic streams represent a genuine case of rapid endocrine-driven adaptation to changing environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Esin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Shulgina
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor N Shkil
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Eytcheson SA, Olker JH, Friedman KP, Hornung MW, Degitz SJ. Assessing utility of thyroid in vitro screening assays through comparisons to observed impacts in vivo. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 144:105491. [PMID: 37666444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
To better understand endocrine disruption, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) utilizes a two-tiered approach to investigate the potential of a chemical to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid systems. As in vivo testing lacks the throughput to address data gaps on endocrine bioactivity for thousands of chemicals, in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) methods are being developed to screen larger chemical libraries. The primary objective of this work was to investigate for how many of the 52 chemicals with weight-of-evidence (WoE) determinations from EDSP Tier 1 screening there are available in vitro HTS data supporting a thyroid impact. HTS data from the USEPA ToxCast program and the EDSP WoE were collected for this analysis. Considering the complexity of endocrine disruption and interpreting HTS data, concordance between in vitro activity and in vivo effects ranges from 58 to 78%. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that the current suite of HTS assays is beneficial for prioritizing chemicals for further inquiry; however, without a more detailed analysis, one cannot conclude whether HTS results are the primary mode-of-action. Furthermore, development of in vitro assays for additional thyroid-relevant molecular initiating events is required to effectively predict in vivo thyroid impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Eytcheson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Jennifer H Olker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Katie Paul Friedman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Michael W Hornung
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Sigmund J Degitz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA.
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Roux N, Miura S, Dussenne M, Tara Y, Lee SH, de Bernard S, Reynaud M, Salis P, Barua A, Boulahtouf A, Balaguer P, Gauthier K, Lecchini D, Gibert Y, Besseau L, Laudet V. The multi-level regulation of clownfish metamorphosis by thyroid hormones. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112661. [PMID: 37347665 PMCID: PMC10467156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most marine organisms have a biphasic life cycle during which pelagic larvae transform into radically different juveniles. In vertebrates, the role of thyroid hormones (THs) in triggering this transition is well known, but how the morphological and physiological changes are integrated in a coherent way with the ecological transition remains poorly explored. To gain insight into this question, we performed an integrated analysis of metamorphosis of a marine teleost, the false clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris). We show how THs coordinate a change in color vision as well as a major metabolic shift in energy production, highlighting how it orchestrates this transformation. By manipulating the activity of liver X regulator (LXR), a major regulator of metabolism, we also identify a tight link between metabolic changes and metamorphosis progression. Strikingly, we observed that these regulations are at play in the wild, explaining how hormones coordinate energy needs with available resources during the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Saori Miura
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mélanie Dussenne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Yuki Tara
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd., Jiau Shi, I-Lan 262, Taiwan
| | | | - Mathieu Reynaud
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pauline Salis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Agneesh Barua
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, INRAE USC 1370 École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-UAR 3278 CRIOBE BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL," 66100 Perpignan, France
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd., Jiau Shi, I-Lan 262, Taiwan.
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Gairin E, Dussenne M, Mercader M, Berthe C, Reynaud M, Metian M, Mills SC, Lenfant P, Besseau L, Bertucci F, Lecchini D. Harbours as unique environmental sites of multiple anthropogenic stressors on fish hormonal systems. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 555:111727. [PMID: 35863654 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fish development and acclimation to environmental conditions are strongly mediated by the hormonal endocrine system. In environments contaminated by anthropogenic stressors, hormonal pathway alterations can be detrimental for growth, survival, fitness, and at a larger scale for population maintenance. In the context of increasingly contaminated marine environments worldwide, numerous laboratory studies have confirmed the effect of one or a combination of pollutants on fish hormonal systems. However, this has not been confirmed in situ. In this review, we explore the body of knowledge related to the influence of anthropogenic stressors disrupting fish endocrine systems, recent advances (focusing on thyroid hormones and stress hormones such as cortisol), and potential research perspectives. Through this review, we highlight how harbours can be used as "in situ laboratories" given the variety of anthropogenic stressors (such as plastic, chemical, sound, light pollution, and invasive species) that can be simultaneously investigated in harbours over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gairin
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Kunigami District, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Mélanie Dussenne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Manon Mercader
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Kunigami District, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Cécile Berthe
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", France; PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Mathieu Reynaud
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Kunigami District, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan; PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", France; PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Philippe Lenfant
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- Functional and Evolutionary Morphology Lab, University of Liège, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - David Lecchini
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", France; PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR3278 CRIOBE, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia
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Khatib I, Rychter P, Falfushynska H. Pesticide Pollution: Detrimental Outcomes and Possible Mechanisms of Fish Exposure to Common Organophosphates and Triazines. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:236-265. [PMID: 36135714 PMCID: PMC9500960 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are well known for their high levels of persistence and ubiquity in the environment, and because of their capacity to bioaccumulate and disrupt the food chain, they pose a risk to animals and humans. With a focus on organophosphate and triazine pesticides, the present review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and mode of action of frequently used pesticides. We discuss the processes by which pesticides and their active residues are accumulated and bioconcentrated in fish, as well as the toxic mechanisms involved, including biological redox activity, immunotoxicity, neuroendocrine disorders, and cytotoxicity, which is manifested in oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis/autophagy. We also explore potential research strategies to close the gaps in our understanding of the toxicity and environmental risk assessment of organophosphate and triazine pesticides.
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Spirhanzlova P, Couderq S, Le Mével S, Leemans M, Krief S, Mughal BB, Demeneix BA, Fini JB. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Thyroid Hormone Axis and Brain Development in Xenopus laevis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 113:1298-1311. [PMID: 35753306 DOI: 10.1159/000525719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extensive use of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) throughout the world has brought increased scrutiny on its environmental and health impact. CPF is a cholinergic neurotoxicant; however, exposure to low noncholinergic doses is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental effects in animal models. In this study, we aimed to assess CPF for its potential to disrupt thyroid hormone signalling and investigate the short- and long-term effects on neurodevelopment by using Xenopus laevis. METHODS The thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting potential of CPF was assessed using TH-sensitive transgenic Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The consequences of early embryonic exposure were examined by exposing fertilized eggs for 72 h to environmentally relevant CPF concentrations (10-10 M and 10-8 M). Three endpoints were evaluated: (1) gene expression in whole embryonic brains immediately after exposure, (2) mobility and brain morphology 1 week after exposure, and (3) brain morphology and axon diameters at the end of metamorphosis (2 months after the exposure). RESULTS CPF disrupted TH signalling in Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The expression of genes klf9, cntn4, oatp1c1, and tubb2b was downregulated in response to CPF. Tadpoles exposed to CPF exhibited increased mobility and altered brain morphology compared to control tadpoles. Early embryonic exposure of CPF affected myelinated axon diameter, with exposed animals exhibiting shifted frequency distributions of myelinated axons diameters towards smaller diameters in the hindbrain of froglets. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This study provides more evidence of the endocrine and neurodevelopment disrupting activity of CPF. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are warranted to determine the long-term consequences of early CPF exposure on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et d'Essais, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Couderq
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sébastian Le Mével
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Krief
- Unité Eco-Anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Bilal B Mughal
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Unité PhyMA Laboratory, Adaptation du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Shkil F, Kapitanova D, Borisov V, Veretennikov N, Roux N, Laudet V. Direct development of the catfish pectoral fin - an alternative pectoral fin pattern of teleosts. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1816-1833. [PMID: 35706124 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study of the teleosts' pectoral fin development touches on many crucial issues of evolutionary biology, from the formation of local adaptations to the tetrapod limbs' origin. Teleosts' pectoral fin is considered a rather developmentally and anatomically conservative structure. It displays larval and adult stages differing in the skeletal and soft tissues' composition. Larva-adult transition proceeds under the thyroid hormone (TH) control that defines pectoral fin ontogeny as an indirect development. However, the outstanding diversity of teleosts allows suggesting the existence of lineage specific developmental patterns. RESULTS We present a description of the North African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, pectoral fin development. It lacks a clear larval stage and directly develops the adult skeleton with the associated musculature and innervation. Interestingly, the development of catfish pectoral fin appears not to be under the TH dependence. CONCLUSION This catfish displays a direct pectoral fin developmental trajectory differing from the stereotyped teleost pattern. In the absence of the larval endoskeletal disk and TH control, the catfish's proximal radials arise in a manner somewhat similar to the metapterygial radials in basal actinopterygians and humerus in sarcopterygians. Thus, the catfish fin pattern seems homoplastic, arising by convergence with, or reversion to the ancestral developmental mechanisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Shkil
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow, Russia.,N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kapitanova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow, Russia.,N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily Borisov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Veretennikov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université Paris, 1, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
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Reinwald H, Alvincz J, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Hollert H, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic profiling after sublethal exposure to nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides reveals cardiac and neuronal developmental effects in zebrafish embryos. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132746. [PMID: 34748799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For specific primary modes of action (MoA) in environmental non-target organisms, EU legislation restricts the usage of active substances of pesticides or biocides. Corresponding regulatory hazard assessments are costly, time consuming and require large numbers of non-human animal studies. Currently, predictive toxicology of development compounds relies on their chemical structure and provides little insights into toxicity mechanisms that precede adverse effects. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we characterized transcriptomic responses to a range of sublethal concentrations of six nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides with different MoA (abamectin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid & methoxychlor). Our aim was to identify affected biological processes and suitable biomarker candidates for MoA-specific signatures. Abamectin showed the most divergent signature among the tested insecticides, linked to lipid metabolic processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after imidacloprid exposure were primarily associated with immune system and inflammation. In total, 222 early responsive genes to either MoA were identified, many related to three major processes: (1) cardiac muscle cell development and functioning (tcap, desma, bag3, hspb1, hspb8, flnca, myoz3a, mybpc2b, actc2, tnnt2c), (2) oxygen transport and hypoxic stress (alas2, hbbe1.1, hbbe1.3, hbbe2, hbae3, igfbp1a, hif1al) and (3) neuronal development and plasticity (npas4a, egr1, btg2, ier2a, vgf). The thyroidal function related gene dio3b was upregulated by chlorpyrifos and downregulated by higher abamectin concentrations. Important regulatory genes for cardiac muscle (tcap) and forebrain development (npas4a) were the most frequently ifferentially expressed across all insecticide treatments. We consider the identified gene sets as useful early warning biomarker candidates, i.e. for developmental toxicity targeting heart and brain in aquatic vertebrates. Our findings provide a better understanding about early molecular events in response to the analyzed MoA. Perceptively, this promotes the development for sensitive and informative biomarker-based in vitro assays for toxicological MoA prediction and AOP refinement, without the suffering of adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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11
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Keer S, Storch JD, Nguyen S, Prado M, Singh R, Hernandez LP, McMenamin SK. Thyroid hormone shapes craniofacial bones during postembryonic zebrafish development. Evol Dev 2022; 24:61-76. [PMID: 35334153 PMCID: PMC8976723 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changing the shape of craniofacial bones can profoundly alter ecological function, and understanding how developmental conditions sculpt skeletal phenotypes can provide insight into evolutionary adaptations. Thyroid hormone (TH) stimulates metamorphosis and regulates skeletal morphogenesis across vertebrates. To assess the roles of this hormone in sculpting the craniofacial skeleton of a non-metamorphic vertebrate, we tested zebrafish for developmental periods of TH-induced craniofacial shape change. We analyzed shapes of specific bones that function in prey detection, capture and processing. We quantified these elements from late-larval through adult stages under three developmental TH profiles. Under wild-type conditions, each bone progressively grows allometrically into a mature morphology over the course of postembryonic development. In three of the four bones, TH was required to sculpt an adult shape: hypothyroidism inhibited aspects of shape change, and allowed some components of immature shape to be retained into adulthood. Excess developmental TH stimulated aspects of precocious shape change leading to abnormal morphologies in some bones. Skeletal features with functional importance showed high sensitivities to TH, including the transformator process of the tripus, the mandibular symphysis of the lower jaw, the scutiform lamina of the hyomandibula, and the anterior arm of the pharyngeal jaw. In all, we found that TH is necessary for shaping mature morphology of several essential skeletal elements; this requirement is particularly pronounced during larval development. Altered TH titer leads to abnormal morphologies with likely functional consequences, highlighting the potential of TH and downstream pathways as targets for evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Keer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Joshua D. Storch
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Stacy Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Mia Prado
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Sarah K. McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- corresponding author: Sarah K. McMenamin:
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12
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Gonzalez JA, Histed AR, Nowak E, Lange D, Craig SE, Parker CG, Kaur A, Bhuvanagiri S, Kroll KJ, Martyniuk CJ, Denslow ND, Rosenfeld CS, Rhodes JS. Impact of bisphenol-A and synthetic estradiol on brain, behavior, gonads and sex hormones in a sexually labile coral reef fish. Horm Behav 2021; 136:105043. [PMID: 34507054 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinylestradiol (EE2), are detected in the marine environment from plastic waste and wastewater effluent. However, their impact on reproduction in sexually labile coral reef fish is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA and EE2 on behavior, brain gene expression, gonadal histology, sex hormone profile, and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) levels in the anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. A. ocellaris display post-maturational sex change from male to female in nature. Sexually immature, male fish were paired together and fed twice daily with normal food (control), food containing BPA (100 μg/kg), or EE2 (0.02 μg/kg) (n = 9 pairs/group). Aggression toward an intruder male was measured at 1, 3, and 6 months. Blood was collected at 3 and 6 months to measure estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and Vtg. At the end of the study, fish were euthanized to assess gonad morphology and to measure expression of known sexually dimorphic genes in the brain. Relative to control, BPA decreased aggression, altered brain transcript levels, increased non-vitellogenic and vitellogenic eggs in the gonad, reduced 11-KT, and increased plasma Vtg. In two BPA-treated pairs, both individuals had vitellogenic eggs, which does not naturally occur. EE2 reduced 11-KT in subordinate individuals and altered expression of one transcript in the brain toward the female profile. Results suggest BPA, and to a lesser extent EE2, pollution in coral reef ecosystems could interfere with normal reproductive physiology and behavior of the iconic sexually labile anemonefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Gonzalez
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Abigail R Histed
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Dominica Lange
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Craig
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Coltan G Parker
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Achint Kaur
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Supriya Bhuvanagiri
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, and Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, d0e N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; The Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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13
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Markevich GN, Zlenko DV, Shkil FN, Schliewen UK, Anisimova LA, Sharapkova AA, Esin EV. Natural Barriers and Internal Sources for the Reproductive Isolation in Sympatric Salmonids from the Lake–River System. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Abdo SE, Gewaily MS, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Almeer R, Soliman AA, Elkomy AH, Dawood MAO. Vitamin C rescues inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:28750-28763. [PMID: 33548043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an extensive environmental contaminant and disrupts the physiological status of living organisms. CPF is found to hinder the health of aquatic organisms and ecological function in aquatic systems. The current study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of vitamin C (VC) on the immune response, hematological parameters, and histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia exposed to CPF. Nile tilapia were exposed to waterborne CPF (15 μg/L) for 30 days. Fish were divided into control group: received basal diet; CPF group: received basal diet and exposed to waterborne CPF; VC group: received basal diet plus 0.8 mg VC/kg; and CPF/VC group: received basal diet plus 0.8 mg VC/kg and exposed to waterborne CPF. Blood samples were taken after 15 days and 30 days of the treatment. Liver, gills, and intestine tissues were collected on the 30th day of treatment. CPF showed a deleterious effect on fish's growth performance; it decreased the weight gain by 6%, while VC increased it by 17-23% compared to the control group. CPF group recorded the lowest survival rate (83%), while VC achieved survivability of 96.7% and 93.3% in VC and CPF/VC groups, respectively. The blood picture revealed moderate changes in the CPF group, where the marked alteration was in the hemoglobin concentration and white blood cells. CPF disrupted the hepatic and renal function. Serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index displayed a dramatic decline in the CPF group but enhanced in VC and CPF/VC groups. An upregulation was observed in antioxidant genes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), heat shock protein 70, caspase-3, and the cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, and interferon-gamma in the CPF group. Simultaneously, moderate or normal levels were shown in the VC and CPF/VC groups. CPF altered the histoarchitecture of gills, intestine, and hepatopancreas with apparent degenerative changes possibly resulted from the oxidative stress. At the same time, VC retained the normal structure of the studied tissues. This study raises concerns about the safety of CPF and its impact on the aquatic environment. VC has a high potential to restore the normal physiology of fish exposed to CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa E Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Azza H Elkomy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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15
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Salis P, Roux N, Huang D, Marcionetti A, Mouginot P, Reynaud M, Salles O, Salamin N, Pujol B, Parichy DM, Planes S, Laudet V. Thyroid hormones regulate the formation and environmental plasticity of white bars in clownfishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101634118. [PMID: 34031155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101634118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining how plasticity of developmental traits responds to environmental conditions is a challenge that must combine evolutionary sciences, ecology, and developmental biology. During metamorphosis, fish alter their morphology and color pattern according to environmental cues. We observed that juvenile clownfish (Amphiprion percula) modulate the developmental timing of their adult white bar formation during metamorphosis depending on the sea anemone species in which they are recruited. We observed an earlier formation of white bars when clownfish developed with Stichodactyla gigantea (Sg) than with Heteractis magnifica (Hm). As these bars, composed of iridophores, form during metamorphosis, we hypothesized that timing of their development may be thyroid hormone (TH) dependent. We treated clownfish larvae with TH and found that white bars developed earlier than in control fish. We further observed higher TH levels, associated with rapid white bar formation, in juveniles recruited in Sg than in Hm, explaining the faster white bar formation. Transcriptomic analysis of Sg recruits revealed higher expression of duox, a dual oxidase implicated in TH production as compared to Hm recruits. Finally, we showed that duox is an essential regulator of iridophore pattern timing in zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that TH controls the timing of adult color pattern formation and that shifts in duox expression and TH levels are associated with ecological differences resulting in divergent ontogenetic trajectories in color pattern development.
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16
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Parichy DM. Evolution of pigment cells and patterns: recent insights from teleost fishes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:88-96. [PMID: 33743392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin pigment patterns of vertebrates are stunningly diverse, and nowhere more so than in teleost fishes. Several species, including relatives of zebrafish, recently evolved cichlid fishes of East Africa, clownfishes, deep sea fishes, and others are providing insights into pigment pattern evolution. This overview describes recent advances in understanding periodic patterns, like stripes and spots, the loss of patterns, and the role of cell-type diversification in generating pigmentation phenotypes. Advances in this area are being facilitated by the application of modern methods of gene editing, genomics, computational analysis, and other approaches to non-traditional model organisms having interesting pigmentary phenotypes. Several topics worthy of future attention are outlined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
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17
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Korkmaz N, Örün İ. Effects of pesticide NeemAzal-T/S on thyroid, stress hormone and some cytokines levels in freshwater common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1895841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuh Korkmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Örün
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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18
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Roux N, Logeux V, Trouillard N, Pillot R, Magré K, Salis P, Lecchini D, Besseau L, Laudet V, Romans P. A star is born again: Methods for larval rearing of an emerging model organism, the False clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2021; 336:376-385. [PMID: 33539680 PMCID: PMC8248105 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As interest increases in ecological, evolutionary, and developmental biology (Eco‐Evo‐Devo), wild species are increasingly used as experimental models. However, we are still lacking a suitable model for marine fish species, as well as coral reef fishes that can be reared at laboratory scales. Extensive knowledge of the life cycle of anemonefishes, and the peculiarities of their biology, make them relevant marine fish models for developmental biology, ecology, and evolutionary sciences. Here, we present standard methods to maintain breeding pairs of the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris in captivity, obtain regular good quality spawning, and protocols to ensure larval survival throughout rearing. We provide a detailed description of the anemonefish husbandry system and life prey culturing protocols. Finally, a “low‐volume” rearing protocol useful for the pharmacological treatment of larvae is presented. Such methods are important as strict requirements for large volumes in rearing tanks often inhibit continuous treatments with expensive or rare compounds. This paper describes how to set up a rearing system for anemone fishes at the laboratory scale as this species is becoming a relevant marine fish model to tackle Eco‐Evo‐Devo questions. We detail two rearing methods, one consisting of classical rearing conditions and the other one consisting of low‐volume conditions (500 ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Valentin Logeux
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nancy Trouillard
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rémi Pillot
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Kévin Magré
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-USR 3278 CRIOBE BP 1013, PSL Research University, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - David Lecchini
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS-USR 3278 CRIOBE BP 1013, PSL Research University, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Laurence Besseau
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.,Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Pascal Romans
- CNRS, FR3724, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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19
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Kar S, Sangem P, Anusha N, Senthilkumaran B. Endocrine disruptors in teleosts: Evaluating environmental risks and biomarkers. Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021; 6:1-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Anemonefish, are a group of about 30 species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) that have long aroused the interest of coral reef fish ecologists. Combining a series of original biological traits and practical features in their breeding that are described in this paper, anemonefish are now emerging as an experimental system of interest for developmental biology, ecology and evolutionary sciences. They are small sized and relatively easy to breed in specific husbandries, unlike the large-sized marine fish used for aquaculture. Because they live in highly structured social groups in sea anemones, anemonefish allow addressing a series of relevant scientific questions such as the social control of growth and sex change, the mechanisms controlling symbiosis, the establishment and variation of complex color patterns, and the regulation of aging. Combined with the use of behavioral experiments, that can be performed in the lab or directly in the wild, as well as functional genetics and genomics, anemonefish provide an attractive experimental system for Eco-Evo-Devo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Shu-Hua Lee
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laurence Besseau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR « Biologie Intégrative Des Organismes Marins », BIOM, 1, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Lab of Marine Eco-Evo-Devo, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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21
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Abstract
Teleost fishes have a biphasic life cycle, with pelagic larvae dispersing in the open ocean and juveniles or adults living in reef or coastal environments. A recent study reveals that fish larvae concentrate in a specific oceanic compartment, the surface slicks, which are polluted by microplastics that can be ingested by most larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ghiglione
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7621 LOMIC, Sorbonne Université, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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Besson M, Feeney WE, Moniz I, François L, Brooker RM, Holzer G, Metian M, Roux N, Laudet V, Lecchini D. Anthropogenic stressors impact fish sensory development and survival via thyroid disruption. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3614. [PMID: 32681015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Larval metamorphosis and recruitment represent critical life-history transitions for most teleost fishes. While the detrimental effects of anthropogenic stressors on the behavior and survival of recruiting fishes are well-documented, the physiological mechanisms that underpin these patterns remain unclear. Here, we use pharmacological treatments to highlight the role that thyroid hormones (TH) play in sensory development and determining anti-predator responses in metamorphosing convict surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus. We then show that high doses of a physical stressor (increased temperature of +3 °C) and a chemical stressor (the pesticide chlorpyrifos at 30 µg L−1) induced similar defects by decreasing fish TH levels and affecting their sensory development. Stressor-exposed fish experienced higher predation; however, their ability to avoid predation improved when they received supplemental TH. Our results highlight that two different anthropogenic stressors can affect critical developmental and ecological transitions via the same physiological pathway. This finding provides a unifying mechanism to explain past results and underlines the profound threat anthropogenic stressors pose to fish communities. Anthropogenic stressors affect many aspects of marine organismal health. Here, the authors expose surgeonfish to temperature and pesticide stressors and show that the stressors, separately and in combination, have adverse effects on thyroid signaling, which disrupts several sensory systems and important predation defenses.
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23
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Varea R, Piovano S, Ferreira M. Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories - A systematic review. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 156:111264. [PMID: 32510405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino Varea
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marta Ferreira
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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24
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Lema SC. Hormones, developmental plasticity, and adaptive evolution: Endocrine flexibility as a catalyst for 'plasticity-first' phenotypic divergence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110678. [PMID: 31830511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Explaining how populations adapt to environments is among the foremost objectives of evolutionary theory. Over generations, natural selection impels the phenotypic distribution of a population based on individual variation in phenotype and fitness. However, environmental conditions can also shape how individuals develop within their lifetime to influence which phenotypes are expressed in a population. It has been proposed that such environmentally-initiated phenotypic variation - also termed developmental plasticity - may enable adaptive evolution under some scenarios. As dynamic regulators of development and phenotypic expression, hormones are important physiological mediators of developmental plasticity. Patterns of hormone secretion, hormone transport, and the sensitivity of tissues to hormones can each be altered by environmental conditions, and understanding how endocrine regulation shapes phenotypic development in an ecologically-relevant context has much to contribute toward clarifying the role of plasticity in evolutionary adaptation. This article explores how the environmental sensitivity of endocrine regulation may facilitate 'plasticity-first' evolution by generating phenotypic variants that precede adaptation to altered or novel environments. Predictions arising from 'plasticity-first' evolution are examined in the context of thyroid hormone mediation of morphological plasticity in Cyprinodon pupfishes from the Death Valley region of California and Nevada, USA. This clade of extremophile fishes diversified morphologically over the last ~20,000 years, and observations that some populations experienced contemporary phenotypic differentiation under recent habitat change provide evidence that hormone-mediate plasticity preceded genetic assimilation of morphology in one of the region's species: the Devils Hole pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis. This example illustrates how conceptualizing hormones not only as regulators of homeostasis, but also as developmental intermediaries between environment conditions and phenotypic variation at the individual-, population-, and species-levels can enrich our understanding of endocrine regulation both as a facilitator of phenotypic change under shifting environments, and as important proximate mechanisms that may initiate 'plasticity-first' evolutionary adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
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Zena LA, Dillon D, Hunt KE, Navas CA, Buck CL, Bícego KC. Hormonal correlates of the annual cycle of activity and body temperature in the South-American tegu lizard (Salvator merianae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113295. [PMID: 31580883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Life history transitions and hormones are known to interact and influence many aspects of animal physiology and behavior. The South-American tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) exhibits a profound seasonal shift in metabolism and body temperature, characterized by high daily activity during warmer months, including reproductive endothermy in spring, and metabolic suppression during hibernation in winter. This makes S. merianae an interesting subject for studies of interrelationships between endocrinology and seasonal changes in physiology/behavior. We investigated how plasma concentrations of hormones involved in regulation of energy metabolism (thyroid hormones T4 and T3; corticosterone) and reproduction (testosterone in males and estrogen/progesterone in females) correlate with activity and body temperature (Tb) across the annual cycle of captive held S. merianae in semi-natural conditions. In our initial model, thyroid hormones and corticosterone showed a positive relationship with activity and Tb with independent of sex: T3 positively correlated with activity and Tb, while T4 and corticosterone correlated positively with changes in Tb only. This suggests that thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids may be involved in metabolic transitions of annual cycle events. When accounting for sex-steroid hormones, our sex separated models showed a positive relationship between testosterone and Tb in males and progesterone and activity in females. Coupling seasonal endocrine measures with activity and Tb may expand our understanding of the relationship between animal's physiology and its environment. Manipulative experiments are required in order to unveil the directionality of influences existing among abiotic factors and the hormonal signaling of annual cyclicity in physiology/behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Zena
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Danielle Dillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hunt
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Carlos A Navas
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kênia C Bícego
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Leemans M, Couderq S, Demeneix B, Fini JB. Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:743. [PMID: 31920955 PMCID: PMC6915086 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant Protection Products, more commonly referred to as pesticides and biocides, are used to control a wide range of yield-reducing pests including insects, fungi, nematodes, and weeds. Concern has been raised that some pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with the hormone systems of non-target invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. EDCs act at low doses and particularly vulnerable periods of exposure include pre- and perinatal development. Of critical concern is the number of pesticides with the potential to interfere with the developing nervous system and brain, notably with thyroid hormone signaling. Across vertebrates, thyroid hormone orchestrates metamorphosis, brain development, and metabolism. Pesticide action on thyroid homeostasis can involve interference with TH production and its control, displacement from distributor proteins and liver metabolism. Here we focused on thyroid endpoints for each of the different classes of pesticides reviewing epidemiological and experimental studies carried out both in in vivo and in vitro. We conclude first, that many pesticides were placed on the market with insufficient testing, other than acute or chronic toxicity, and second, that thyroid-specific endpoints for neurodevelopmental effects and mixture assessment are largely absent from regulatory directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leemans
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, Paris, France
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Gache C, Bertucci F, Guerra AS, Calandra M, Berr T, Lafaye J, Jorissen H, Nugues M, Cossy J, Lecchini D. Effects of Asparagopsis taxiformis metabolites on the feeding behaviour of post-larval Acanthurus triostegus. J Fish Biol 2019; 95:1355-1358. [PMID: 31568585 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our study highlights the effect of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on the feeding behaviour of the tropical surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. The presence of A. taxiformis chemical cues reduced A. triostegus feeding, suggesting that the presence of this algae could affect not only the survival of fish in the post-larval stage, but also alter the grazing pressure on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Gache
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan Cedex, France
- Functional and Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Unité FRE BOREA, MNHN, CNRS 7208, Sorbonne University, IRD 207, University Caen Normandy, University of French West Indies, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Ana Sofía Guerra
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Maelle Calandra
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CREDO UMR 7308 (AMU-EHESS-CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Berr
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Julie Lafaye
- PSL Research University: Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Hendrikje Jorissen
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Maggy Nugues
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- PSL Research University: Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan Cedex, France
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O'Connor JJ, Fobert EK, Besson M, Jacob H, Lecchini D. Live fast, die young: Behavioural and physiological impacts of light pollution on a marine fish during larval recruitment. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 146:908-914. [PMID: 31426235 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a recently acknowledged form of anthropogenic pollution of growing concern to the biology and ecology of exposed organisms. Though ALAN can have detrimental effects on physiology and behaviour, we have little understanding of how marine organisms in coastal areas may be impacted. Here, we investigated the effects of ALAN exposure on coral reef fish larvae during the critical recruitment stage, encompassing settlement, metamorphosis, and post-settlement survival. We found that larvae avoided illuminated settlement habitats, however those living under ALAN conditions for 10 days post-settlement experienced changes in swimming behaviour and higher susceptibility to nocturnal predation. Although ALAN-exposed fish grew faster and heavier than control fish, they also experienced significantly higher mortality rates by the end of the experimental period. This is the first study on the ecological impacts of ALAN during the early life history of marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J O'Connor
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - E K Fobert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M Besson
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - H Jacob
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - D Lecchini
- Institute for Pacific Coral Reefs, IRCP, 98729, Moorea, French Polynesia; PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
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Abstract
Life history transitions are critical for many animal species and often correspond to concomitant developmental and ecological shifts. However, to date, little is known on how internal and external cues act together during these events. The life cycle of most teleostean reef fish includes a major developmental and ecological transition. Adults reproduce in the vicinity of the reef, emitting eggs that disperse and hatch in the ocean, where the larvae grow. Thereafter, larvae migrate back towards reefs where they settle and persist, at a step called larval recruitment. Larval recruitment involves the perception of environmental cues for larvae to localize and select their new benthic habitat, and is accompanied by major morphological changes. This ecological and developmental transition of pelagic larvae into reef-associated juveniles, often referred to as metamorphosis, are under the control of Thyroid Hormones (TH: T4, T3) and their receptors (TRαa, TRαb and TRβ). This step is critical for the maintenance of reef fish populations, but its molecular control remains largely unknown. Recent results have brought new insights on coral reef fish metamorphosis. We have shown that TH and TR coordinate the metamorphosis that occurs during the entry in the reef of two coral reef fishes, the surgeon fish Acanthurus triostegus, and the clown fish Amphiprion ocellaris. We demonstrated an increase of TH-levels and TR-expression in the larvae, followed by a decrease in deriving juvenile. We observed similar trends (although with different dynamics and/or magnitude) in other coral reef fish species, therefore allowing us to generalize these observations. Interestingly, functional experiments such as treatments with pharmacological compounds exhibiting antagonist activity interfere with the surgeonfish and the clown fish larval transformation demonstrating a direct role of these hormones in controlling metamorphosis. All these results and in particular the dependency on thyroid hormones of the larval to juvenile transformation suggest that this step can be sensitive to disruption by environmental pollutants, such as endocrine disruptors. Using as model compound, chlorpyrifos, a pesticide often encountered in coral reefs, we showed that it impairs surgeonfish as well as clown fish transformation, hence diminishing the quality of the juvenile emerging from this transition. Larval recruitment in coral reef fish therefore corresponds to a TH-controlled metamorphosis, sensitive to endocrine disruption. Since metamorphosis and larval recruitment are essential for the maintenance of fish populations and subsequent coral reef resilience, it is important to better understand, at the molecular, anatomical and behavioral levels, how global changes and water pollution can threaten reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Sorbonne Université, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Sorbonne Université, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Sorbonne Université, 1 avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of many diseases affecting the nervous system in both children and adults has been reported. Some of these diseases are related to endocrine dysfunction, notably of the thyroid axis. Examples in children are attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders, diagnosed but most often affecting the whole life, and multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease in adults. It is becoming increasingly clear that embryonic exposure to thyroid hormone disruptors can lead to short- and long-term consequences, that often escape conventional neonatal diagnosis. Endocrine disruptors comprise a wide range of molecules, plasticizers, some pesticides, surfactants, flame-retardants, etc., many of which can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis or their actions. We here report briefly the history of endocrine disruptors, their properties and the consequences on neuronal development of embryonic exposure to some of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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31
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Hu Y, Mauri A, Donahue J, Singh R, Acosta B, McMenamin S. Thyroid hormone coordinates developmental trajectories but does not underlie developmental truncation in danionins. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1144-1154. [PMID: 31228301 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in postembryonic developmental trajectories can profoundly alter adult phenotypes and life histories. Thyroid hormone (TH) regulates metamorphosis in many vertebrate taxa with multiphasic ecologies, and alterations to TH metabolism underlie notable cases of paedomorphosis in amphibians. We tested the requirement for TH in multiple postembryonic developmental processes in zebrafish, which has a monophasic ecology, and asked if TH production was compromised in paedomorphic Danionella. RESULTS We showed that TH regulates allometric growth in juvenile zebrafish, and inhibits relative head growth. The lateral line system showed differential requirements for TH: the hormone promotes canal neuromast formation and inhibits neuromast proliferation in the head, but causes expansion of the neuromast population in the trunk. While Danionella morphology resembled that of larval zebrafish, the two Danionella species analyzed were not similar to hypothyroid zebrafish in their shape or neuromast distribution, and both possessed functional thyroid follicles. CONCLUSIONS Although zebrafish do not undergo a discrete ecological transformation, we found that multiple tissues undergo transitions in developmental trajectories that are dependent on TH, suggesting the TH axis and its downstream pathways as likely targets for adaptation. Nonetheless, we found no evidence that evolutionary paedomorphosis in Danionella is the result of compromised TH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hu
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Mauri
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Donahue
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Acosta
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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Roux N, Salis P, Lambert A, Logeux V, Soulat O, Romans P, Frédérich B, Lecchini D, Laudet V. Staging and normal table of postembryonic development of the clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Dev Dyn 2019; 248:545-568. [PMID: 31070818 PMCID: PMC6771578 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is one of the rare coral reef fish species that can be reared in aquaria. With relatively short embryonic and larval development, it could be used as a model species to study the impact of global changes such as temperature rise or anthropogenic threats (eg, pollution) on the postembryonic development at molecular and endocrinological levels. Establishing a developmental table allows us to standardize sampling for the scientific community willing to conduct experiments on this species on different areas: ecology, evolution, and developmental biology. Results Here, we describe the postembryonic developmental stages for the clownfish A. ocellaris from hatching to juvenile stages (30 days posthatching). We quantitatively followed the postembryonic growth and described qualitative traits: head, paired and unpaired fins, notochord flexion, and pigmentation changes. The occurrence of these changes over time allowed us to define seven stages, for which we provide precise descriptions. Conclusions Our work gives an easy system to determine A. ocellaris postembryonic stages allowing, thus, to develop this species as a model species for coral reef fishes. In light of global warming, the access to the full postembryonic development stages of coral reef fish is important to determine stressors that can affect such processes. Seven developmental stages have been identified to describe the larval development of the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. Clownfish larvae undergo two distinct developmental growth phases that correspond to growth and metamorphosis. A dichotomous key determination has been created to assist users in identifying the various developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,PSL Research University, USR 3278, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Logeux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Olivier Soulat
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University, USR 3278, EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, CNRS UMR 7232 BIOM, Sorbonne Université, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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Jacob H, Gilson A, Lanctôt C, Besson M, Metian M, Lecchini D. No Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on Foraging Activity and Survival in a Post-larvae Coral-Reef Fish, Acanthurus triostegus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:457-461. [PMID: 30863970 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous in the marine environment and have been shown to alter the behaviour of some species due to potential neurotoxic effect. However, very little is known on the effect of this stressor on behavioural responses of early and more vulnerable life stages. This study explores the effects of polystyrene MP (90 µm diameter) on the foraging activity of newly settled surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus and on their survival facing predators. Exposure to a high concentration of 5 MP particles per mL (5 MP mL-1) for 3, 5 and 8 days did not alter their foraging activity nor their susceptibility to predation. This suggests that short-term exposures to reportedly high MP concentrations have negligible effects on the behaviour of newly settled A. triostegus. Nevertheless, responses to MP can be highly variable, and further research is needed to determine potential ecological effects of MP on reef fish populations during early-life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jacob
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR, 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Arthur Gilson
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR, 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Chantal Lanctôt
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Marc Besson
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR, 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4a Quai Antoine Ier, 98000, Principality of Monaco, Monaco.
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR, 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
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Abstract
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is a leading cause of congenital hypothyroidism, a highly prevalent but treatable condition. Thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis is dependent on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In humans, the primary sources for ROS production during thyroid hormone synthesis are the NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2. Indeed, mutations in DUOX1 and DUOX2 have been linked with congenital hypothyroidism. Unlike humans, zebrafish has a single orthologue for DUOX1 and DUOX2. In this study, we investigated the phenotypes associated with two nonsense mutant alleles, sa9892 and sa13017, of the single duox gene in zebrafish. Both alleles gave rise to readily observable phenotypes reminiscent of congenital hypothyroidism, from the larval stages through to adulthood. By using various methods to examine external and internal phenotypes, we discovered a strong correlation between TH synthesis and duox function, beginning from an early larval stage, when T4 levels are already noticeably absent in the mutants. Loss of T4 production resulted in growth retardation, pigmentation defects, ragged fins, thyroid hyperplasia/external goiter and infertility. Remarkably, all of these defects associated with chronic congenital hypothyroidism could be rescued with T4 treatment, even when initiated when the fish had already reached adulthood. Our work suggests that these zebrafish duox mutants may provide a powerful model to understand the aetiology of untreated and treated congenital hypothyroidism even in advanced stages of development. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Zebrafish harbouring two loss-of-function alleles of the single duox gene exhibit various adult phenotypes reminiscent of human congenital hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Chopra
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Shoko Ishibashi
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Tettamanti V, de Busserolles F, Lecchini D, Marshall NJ, Cortesi F. Visual system development of the spotted unicornfish, Naso brevirostris (Acanthuridae). J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.209916. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes of the visual system are often correlated to shifts in habitat and feeding behaviour of animals. Coral reef fishes begin their lives in the pelagic zone and then migrate to the reef. This habitat transition frequently involves a change in diet and light environment as well as major morphological modifications. The spotted unicornfish, Naso brevirostris, is known to shift diet from zooplankton to algae and back to mainly zooplankton when transitioning from larval to juvenile and then to adult stages. Concurrently, N. brevirostris also moves from an open pelagic to a coral-associated habitat before migrating up in the water column when reaching adulthood. Using retinal mapping techniques, we discovered that the distribution and density of ganglion and photoreceptor cells in N. brevirostris mostly changes during the transition from the larval to the juvenile stage, with only minor modifications thereafter. Similarly, visual gene (opsin) expression based on RNA sequencing, although qualitatively similar between stages (all fishes mainly expressed the same three cone opsins; SWS2B, RH2B, RH2A), also showed the biggest quantitative difference when transitioning from larvae to juveniles. The juvenile stage in particular seems mismatched with its reef-associated ecology, which may be due to this stage only lasting a fraction of the lifespan of these fishes. Hence, the visual ontogeny found in N. brevirostris is very different from the progressive changes found in other reef fishes calling for a thorough analysis of visual system development of the reef fish community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Tettamanti
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fanny de Busserolles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence “CORAIL”, Paris, France
| | - N. Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabio Cortesi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
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Bertucci F, Jacob H, Mignucci A, Gache C, Roux N, Besson M, Berthe C, Metian M, Lecchini D. Decreased retention of olfactory predator recognition in juvenile surgeon fish exposed to pesticide. Chemosphere 2018; 208:469-475. [PMID: 29886335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dory, the animated surgeonfish created by the Pixar Animation studios, famously suffered from short-term memory loss leading to many adventures. In reality, many fishes have excellent cognitive abilities and are able to learn and retain important information such as the identity of predators. However, if and how cognition can be affected by anthropogenically altered oceanic conditions is poorly understood. Here, we examine the effect of a widely used pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on the retention of acquired predator recognition in post-larval stage of the surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus. Through associative learning, post-larvae of A. triostegus were first observed to forage significantly less in the presence of conspecific alarm cues and alarm cues associated to a predator's odor. The retention of this anti-predator behavior was estimated to last between 2 and 5 days in the absence of pesticide. However, environmentally-relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos (1 μg.L-1) induced the loss of this acquired predator recognition. This reduced ability to recognize learned predators is discussed as it may lead to more vulnerable fish communities in coastal areas subjected to organophosphate pesticide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bertucci
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Campus Sart Tilman, Bât. B6c, Allée de la Chimie 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Hugo Jacob
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Alexandre Mignucci
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Camille Gache
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Natacha Roux
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marc Besson
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR7232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, 1 avenue du Fontaulé, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cécile Berthe
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL University Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
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Pratte ZA, Besson M, Hollman RD, Stewart FJ. The Gills of Reef Fish Support a Distinct Microbiome Influenced by Host-Specific Factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00063-18. [PMID: 29453266 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00063-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish represent the most diverse of the vertebrate groups and play important roles in food webs, as ecosystem engineers, and as vectors for microorganisms. However, the microbial ecology of fishes remains underexplored for most host taxa and for certain niches on the fish body. This is particularly true for the gills, the key sites of respiration and waste exchange in fishes. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the gill microbiome. We focus on ecologically diverse taxa from coral reefs around Moorea, sampling the gills and intestines of adults and juveniles representing 15 families. The gill microbiome composition differed significantly from that of the gut for both adults and juveniles, with fish-associated niches having lower alpha diversity values and higher beta diversity values than those for seawater, sediment, and alga-associated microbiomes. Of ∼45,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected across all samples, 11% and 13% were detected only in the gill and the intestine, respectively. OTUs most enriched in the gill included members of the gammaproteobacterial genus Shewanella and the family Endozoicimonaceae In adult fish, both gill and intestinal microbiomes varied significantly among host species grouped by diet category. Gill and intestinal microbiomes from the same individual were more similar to one another than to gill and intestinal microbiomes from different individuals. These results demonstrate that distinct body sites are jointly influenced by host-specific organizing factors operating at the level of the host individual. The results also identify taxonomic signatures unique to the gill and the intestine, confirming fish-associated niches as distinct reservoirs of marine microbial diversity.IMPORTANCE Fish breathe and excrete waste through their gills. The gills are also potential sites of pathogen invasion and colonization by other microbes. However, we know little about the microbial communities that live on the gill and the factors shaping their diversity. Focusing on ecologically distinct types of coral reef fish, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the fish gill microbiome. By comparison to microbiomes of the gut and the surrounding environment, we identify microbes unique to the gill niche. These microbes may be targets for further studies to determine the contribution of the microbiome to waste exchange or host immunity. We also show that despite exhibiting a unique taxonomic signature, the gill microbiome is influenced by factors that also influence the gut microbiome. These factors include the specific identity of the host individual. These results suggest basic principles describing how association with fishes structures the composition of microbial communities.
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