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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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Grases G, Colom MA, Sanchis P, Grases F. Relationship of depression with empathy, emotional intelligence, and symptoms of a weakened immune system. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1250636. [PMID: 37965661 PMCID: PMC10641773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1250636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have used different individual scales to examine the relationship of depression with emotional intelligence, empathy, and immune-based diseases. In this study, we used a combination of psychometric scales to examine the relationships of depression with emotional intelligence (intrapersonal and interpersonal), empathy (affective and cognitive), and symptoms of weakened immune system. Methods This cross-sectional prospective study examined 158 volunteers (39 males and 119 females). A score of 10 or more on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to define depression. The Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA) was used to assess empathy, and the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) was used to assess the self-perception of intrapersonal and interpersonal competence. The symptoms of a weakened immune system (WIS) were assessed by measurements of permanent tiredness, frequent infections and colds, slow wound healing, persistent and recurrent diarrhea, recurring herpes, insomnia and difficulty sleeping, and dry eyes. Results The total PEC score and intrapersonal PEC score had negative correlations with depression, and the WIS score had a positive correlation with depression. The TECA score had no significant correlation with depression or the WIS score, but had positive correlations with the total PEC score, intrapersonal PEC score, and interpersonal PEC score. Conclusion The total PEC score, intrapersonal PEC score, and WIS score were significantly associated with depression. The TECA score was not significantly associated with depression or the WIS score. Our findings suggest that improving intrapersonal emotional skills may improve function of the immune system and reduce the symptoms of depression. We suggest that further studies examine the effect of targeted improvement of interpersonal skills (empathy) on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Grases
- Centro de Enseñanza Superior Alberta Gimenez (CESAG), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Sanchis
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IdisBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Zhan L, Yin H, Gao Y, Li Y, Ma J. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Dyslipidemia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2309-2318. [PMID: 37920820 PMCID: PMC10618397 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s435138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence of comorbidity with subclinical hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors influencing the comorbidity of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with dyslipidemic MDD who were hospitalized for the first time in a Chinese population. Methods The study incorporated 708 first-time hospitalized MDD patients, all with dyslipidemia. Data collection encompassed socio-demographic information, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid, and thyroid hormone levels. Participants were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive Symptom Subscale (PSS). Results The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in dyslipidemic MDD patients with the first hospitalization was 39.97%. The course of the disease, age at onset, HAMA score, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism in dyslipidemic MDD patients. The course of disease, age at onset, HAMA score, HAMD score, FBG, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were observed to influence serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels. Conclusion MDD patients with dyslipidemia have a high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, and the outcome is associated with anxiety, fasting glucose, and lipids. This study provides a potential biomarker for the identification of co-morbid subclinical hypothyroidism in MDD patients with dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Zhan
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yin
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujun Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Wartchow KM, Scaini G, Quevedo J. Glial-Neuronal Interaction in Synapses: A Possible Mechanism of the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1411:191-208. [PMID: 36949311 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1-4% of the world population and is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. BD is also associated with illnesses marked by immune activation, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, a connection has been suggested between neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammatory markers in the pathophysiology of BD, which can be associated with the modulation of many dysfunctional processes, including synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, neuronal survival, apoptosis, and even cognitive/behavioral functioning. Rising evidence suggests that synaptic dysregulations, especially glutamatergic system dysfunction, are directly involved in mood disorders. It is becoming clear that dysregulations in connection and structural changes of glial cells play a central role in the BD pathophysiology. This book chapter highlighted the latest findings that support the theory of synaptic dysfunction in BD, providing an overview of the alterations in neurotransmitters release, astrocytic uptake, and receptor signaling, as well as the role of inflammation on glial cells in mood disorders. Particular emphasis is given to the alterations in presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and glial cells, all cellular elements of the "tripartite synapse," compromising the neurotransmitters system, excitatory-inhibitory balance, and neurotrophic states of local networks in mood disorders. Together, these studies provide a foundation of knowledge about the exact role of the glial-neuronal interaction in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Wartchow
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Wang S, Feng R, Chen GJ, Sang YR, Kong L, Yu SX, Tao FB, Liu KY. Simultaneous determination of serum tryptophan metabolites in an older Chinese population. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5512. [PMID: 36101977 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) and its metabolites exhibit significant biological effects and are strongly associated with age-related disease and mortality. However, reports on quantitatively analyzing these metabolites in older individuals are not available. We used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to optimize and validate a method for isotope dilution analysis of TRP metabolites in older individuals. The targeted analytes are TRP, serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, and tryptamine. The serum sample was purified using solid-phase extraction and was separated on a Waters HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The analytes were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive ionization. TRP was confirmed and measured after being diluted 100 times. This method exhibited satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99). The intrabatch and interbatch accuracies (85.7-114%) and precisions (<15%) were acceptable. The standard-normalized matrix effects ranged from 51.6 to 145%. This method was successfully applied to a cohort of 1021 older Chinese individuals, and this study may enable further understanding of the metabolic phenotypes associated with TRP in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Ru Sang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shui-Xin Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Kai-Yong Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
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Melnikov M, Lopatina A. Th17-cells in depression: Implication in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010304. [PMID: 36189272 PMCID: PMC9515534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common neuropsychological symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, in addition to mood disorder, depression can also influence on multiple sclerosis course. The mechanism of this dependence is not fully understood. The recent studies suggest the possible common immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression and multiple sclerosis. In particular, it was shown that along with biogenic amines disturbance, neuroinflammation also play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Significant attention is drawn to Th17-cells subsets, which are considered as critical players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis. This brief report reviews the literature data on the role of neuroinflammation in the reciprocal influence of multiple sclerosis and depression with focus on Th17-cells, which may underlie pathogenetic mechanisms of both this diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Melnikov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Mikhail Melnikov,
| | - Anna Lopatina
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Grigoryan GA, Pavlova IV, Zaichenko MI. Effects of Social Isolation on the Development of Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior in Model Experiments in Animals. Neurosci Behav Physi 2022; 52:722-738. [PMID: 36119650 PMCID: PMC9471030 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-022-01297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the role of social isolation in the development of anxiety and depression-like behavior in rodents. The duration of social isolation, age from onset of social isolation, sex, species, and strain of animals, the nature of the model used, and other factors have been shown to have influences. The molecular-cellular mechanisms of development of anxiety and depression-like behavior under the influence of social isolation and the roles of the HHAS, oxidative and nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, BDNF, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, as well as monoamines in these mechanisms are discussed. This review presents data on sex differences in the effects of social isolation, along with the effects of interactions with other types of stress, and the roles of an enriched environment and other factors in ameliorating the negative sequelae of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Grigoryan
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I. V. Pavlova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. I. Zaichenko
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Chojnacki C, Konrad P, Błońska A, Medrek-Socha M, Przybylowska-Sygut K, Chojnacki J, Poplawski T. Altered Tryptophan Metabolism on the Kynurenine Pathway in Depressive Patients with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153217. [PMID: 35956393 PMCID: PMC9370164 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of depression are diverse and are still not fully understood. Recently, an increasing role is attributed to nutritional and inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected metabolites of the tryptophan kynurenine pathway in depressive patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The study involved 40 healthy people (controls) and 40 patients with predominant small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO-D). The lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) was performed to diagnose SIBO. The severity of symptoms was assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS–IBS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The concentration of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QA) in urine was determined using an LC–MS/MS method, before and after cyclic treatment with an antibiotic drug, rifaximin, for three months. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the duodenum and small intestinal mucosa, fecal calprotectin (FC) and serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) were also determined. In patients with SIBO, a higher level of KYN and QA were found as compared to the control group. These two groups also differed in KYN/TRP (higher in SIBO) and KYNA/KYN ratios (lower in SIBO). A positive correlation was found between HAM-D and the number of IELs and the level of FC. Treatment with rifaximin improves the kynurenic pathway, as well as abdominal and mental complaints. Therefore, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can be a cause of abdominal symptoms, but also mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Konrad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błońska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Medrek-Socha
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.P.)
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Correia AS, Vale N. Tryptophan Metabolism in Depression: A Narrative Review with a Focus on Serotonin and Kynurenine Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158493. [PMID: 35955633 PMCID: PMC9369076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia, lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very complex and not totally elucidated, in which diverse molecular and biological mechanisms are involved, such as neuroinflammation. There is a high need for the development of new therapies and gaining new insights into this disease is urgent. One important player in depression is the amino acid tryptophan. This amino acid can be metabolized in two important pathways in the context of depression: the serotonin and kynurenine pathways. These metabolic pathways of tryptophan are crucial in several processes that are linked with depression. Indeed, the maintenance of the balance of serotonin and kynurenine pathways is critical for the human physiological homeostasis. Thus, this narrative review aims to explore tryptophan metabolism (particularly in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways) in depression, starting with a global overview about these topics and ending with the focus on these pathways in neuroinflammation, stress, microbiota, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation in this disease. Taken together, this information aims to clarify the metabolism of tryptophan in depression, particularly the serotonin and kynurenine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Orsolini L, Pompili S, Valenta ST, Salvi V, Volpe U. C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1616. [PMID: 35163538 PMCID: PMC8836046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of depression is not entirely understood. Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder. The present work aims to review the literature on the association between C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and depression. A systematic review was performed for the topics of ‘CRP’ and ‘depression’ using the PubMed database from inception to December 2021. Fifty-six studies were identified and included in the review. Evidence suggested the presence of dysregulation in the inflammation system in individuals with depression. In most studies, higher blood CRP levels were associated with greater symptom severity, a specific pattern of depressive symptoms, and a worse response to treatment. Moreover, about one-third of depressed patients showed a low-grade inflammatory state, suggesting the presence of a different major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup with a distinct etiopathogenesis, clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis, which could benefit from monitoring of CRP levels and might potentially respond to anti-inflammatory treatments. This work provides robust evidence about the potential role of CRP and its blood levels in depressive disorders. These findings can be relevant to developing new therapeutic strategies and better understanding if CRP may be considered a valuable biomarker for depression.
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Ruiz NAL, Del Ángel DS, Brizuela NO, Peraza AV, Olguín HJ, Soto MP, Guzmán DC. Inflammatory Process and Immune System in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:46-53. [PMID: 34724041 PMCID: PMC8756095 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses in the general population. In mental disorders, the activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain is a major producer of excitotoxicity and an inducer of oxidative stress. The occurrence of these 2 events is partly responsible for the neuronal damage inherent in patients with mental disorders. In the case of MDD, the release of hormone and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and indicators of oxidative stress have been identified as consequences of this event. The most important affectations in patients with MDD are changes in their cognitive and executive functions due to brain inflammation. Hence, these biomarkers can serve as diagnostic and severity classification tools and treatment. In this work, we described the communication pathway between the immune and neuroendocrine systems in MDD and suggested possible therapeutic options for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang Y, Qu P, Sun Y, Li Z, Liu L, Yang L. Association between increased inflammatory cytokine expression in the lateral habenular nucleus and depressive-like behavior induced by unpredictable chronic stress in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113964. [PMID: 34971677 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression induced by unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) has been widely studied using animal models. However, its underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Increased inflammatory cytokines (ICs) in the central nervous system (CNS) are closely related to depressive disorder. UCS was used as an animal model in this study to investigate how UCS-induced changes in cytokine signaling lead to depression. We found that UCS could increase ICs in the CNS, especially in the habenular nucleus (Hb). UCS resulted in decreased expression of Menin in Hb and increased the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Local administration of tumor necrosis factor-α in the lateral Hb (LHb) could induce depressive-like behavior in rats. The anti-inflammatory drug aspirin and the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate could alleviate depressive-like behavior. This phenomenon was not observed for local administration in the dorsal raphe nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. These results indicate that LHb is the main central target for ICs to regulate depressive-like behaviors. We also found that LHb lesions could improve the inflammatory response in the hippocampus, reduce the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of ICs, and increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B, collectively improving the neuroinflammation caused by UCS. Moreover, LHb lesions improve not only hippocampal neurogenesis damage caused by UCS by activating the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway but also hippocampal function by reducing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including phosphorylated p53, Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase3. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the pathogenesis of ICs-induced depression. Anti-inflammation in the CNS could be a new strategy in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Wang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Peng Qu
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ziang Li
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Limin Yang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian Key Laboratory, Dalian 116622, China.
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13
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Remes O, Mendes JF, Templeton P. Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34942936 PMCID: PMC8699555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability, and, if left unmanaged, it can increase the risk for suicide. The evidence base on the determinants of depression is fragmented, which makes the interpretation of the results across studies difficult. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough synthesis of the literature assessing the biological, psychological, and social determinants of depression in order to piece together the puzzle of the key factors that are related to this condition. Titles and abstracts published between 2017 and 2020 were identified in PubMed, as well as Medline, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Key words relating to biological, social, and psychological determinants as well as depression were applied to the databases, and the screening and data charting of the documents took place. We included 470 documents in this literature review. The findings showed that there are a plethora of risk and protective factors (relating to biological, psychological, and social determinants) that are related to depression; these determinants are interlinked and influence depression outcomes through a web of causation. In this paper, we describe and present the vast, fragmented, and complex literature related to this topic. This review may be used to guide practice, public health efforts, policy, and research related to mental health and, specifically, depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Remes
- Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Peter Templeton
- IfM Engage Limited, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
- The William Templeton Foundation for Young People’s Mental Health (YPMH), Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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14
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Abstract
Unipolar depression has been recognized as one of the major diseases by the World Health Organization in the 21st century. The etiology of depression is complicated and includes genetic factors, stress, aging, and special physical status (pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, and trauma). Numerous animal and human studies have demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are highly correlated to cognition and depression. These nutritional antidepressants, including EPA and DHA, have a range of neurobiological activities contributing to their potential antidepressant effects. Our preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation in addition to standard antidepressant medications may provide synergistic neuroprotective and antioxidant/inflammatory effects. To translate our preliminary findings into clinical application, this paper reviews the existing evidence on the antidepressant effects of n-3 PUFAs and the potential underlying mechanisms, which include modulation of chronic lowgrade inflammation and the corresponding changes in peripheral blood immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital
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15
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Kędzierski W, Sadok I, Kowalik S, Janczarek I, Staniszewska M. Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses? Animal 2021; 15:100377. [PMID: 34624767 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals. Analogously, it was hypothesised that exercise can influence Trp metabolism in horses as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different types of exercise on Trp metabolism in horses of the same breed. A total of 32 purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study. The 22 three-year-old racehorses were subjected to short-time intense exercise. Ten other horses were made to perform endurance competitions at a distance of 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and following the end of the exercise period. Plasma concentrations of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), Kyna, 3-HKyn, XA and NAm were determined using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Short-time intense exercise led to an increase in plasma concentrations of Kyn, Kyna and XA. The endurance effort induced an increase in Kyna and a decrease in Trp and NAm levels. Both types of exercise, short-time intensive exercise and endurance exercise induced an increase in Trp metabolites, especially Kyna, and did not induce an increase in Trp level. Thus, from a pathophysiological perspective of the kynurenine pathway's influence on mental state, both types of exercise induced beneficial effects in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - I Sadok
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - I Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Staniszewska
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Bičíková M, Máčová L, Jandová D, Třískala Z, Hill M. Movement as a Positive Modulator of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6278. [PMID: 34208002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging of human populations, including those in Europe, is an indisputable fact. The challenge for the future is not simply prolonging human life at any cost or by any means but rather extending self-sufficiency and quality of life. Even in the most advanced societies, the eternal questions remain. Who will take care of the older generations? Will adult children’s own circumstances be sufficient to support family members as they age? For a range of complex reasons, including socioeconomic conditions, adult children are often unable or unwilling to assume responsibility for the care of older family members. For this reason, it is imperative that aging adults maintain their independence and self-care for as long as possible. Movement is an important part of self-sufficiency. Moreover, movement has been shown to improve patients’ clinical status. At a time when the coronavirus pandemic is disrupting the world, older people are among the most vulnerable. Our paper explores current knowledge and offers insights into the significant benefits of movement for the elderly, including improved immunity. We discuss the biochemical processes of aging and the counteractive effects of exercise and endogenous substances, such as vitamin D.
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17
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Serrano García A, Montánchez Mateo J, Franch Pato CM, Gómez Martínez R, García Vázquez P, González Rodríguez I. Interleukin 6 and depression in patients affected by Covid-19. Med Clin (Engl Ed) 2021; 156:332-335. [PMID: 33688583 PMCID: PMC7931695 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Rise of central cytokines resulting from infections produces neuronal changes. Covid-19 allows the study of depressive symptoms in sustained stress and its relationship with molecular mechanisms. Objectives To assess correlation between IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and depressive symptoms. Characterize the depressive symptoms present. Methods Observational study. Patients admitted for Covid-19 older than 60 years with a interleukin determination were included. The Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used, associating each item with a neurotransmitter. Results 27 patients included. We did not find correlation between IL-6 levels and the GDS scale score (rho = 0.204; 95% CI −0.192 to 0.543); with IL-1β levels (rho = −0.126; 95% CI −0.490 to 0.276); nor of TNF-α (rho = −0.033; 95% CI −0.416 to 0.360). 3 patients (11.1%) presented score compatible with depressive disorder. It was associated with a deficiency of Noradrenaline and Serotonin. Conclusions We found no correlation between the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α with the GDS score. Depressive symptomatology is similar to vascular depressions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rocío Gómez Martínez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - Paula García Vázquez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
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18
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Ferrer-Pérez C, Reguilón MD, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Oxytocin Signaling as a Target to Block Social Defeat-Induced Increases in Drug Abuse Reward. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052372. [PMID: 33673448 PMCID: PMC7956822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual’s vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature regarding the effects of OXT in different stages of the addiction cycle. The current literature affirms that a well-functioning oxytocinergic system has protective effects such as the modulation of the initial response to drugs of abuse, the attenuation of the development of dependence, the blunting of drug reinstatement and a general anti-stress effect. However, this system is dysregulated if there is continuous drug use or chronic exposure to stress. In this context, OXT is emerging as a promising pharmacotherapy to restore its natural beneficial effects in the organism and to help rebalance the functions of the addicted brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain;
| | - Marina D. Reguilón
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.R.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Schnabel RB, Hasenfuß G, Buchmann S, Kahl KG, Aeschbacher S, Osswald S, Angermann CE. Heart and brain interactions : Pathophysiology and management of cardio-psycho-neurological disorders. Herz 2021; 46:138-49. [PMID: 33544152 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mental health disorders (MHD; e.g. depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction) are highly prevalent and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and impaired quality of life. Currently, possible interactions between pathophysiological mechanisms in MHD and CVD are rarely considered during the diagnostic work-up, prognostic assessment and treatment planning in patients with CVD, and research addressing bidirectional disease mechanisms in a systematic fashion is scarce. Besides some overarching pathogenetic principles shared by CVD and MHD, there are specific syndromes in which pre-existing neurological or psychiatric illness predisposes and contributes to CVD development (as in Takotsubo syndrome), or in which the distorted interplay between innate immune and central nervous systems and/or pre-existing CVD leads to secondary MHD and brain damage (as in peripartum cardiomyopathy or atrial fibrillation). Clinical manifestations and phenotypes of cardio-psycho-neurological diseases depend on the individual somatic, psychosocial, and genetic risk profile as well as on personal resilience, and differ in many respects between men and women. In this article, we provide arguments on why, in such conditions, multidisciplinary collaborations should be established to allow for more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology as well as appropriate and targeted diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between the cardiovascular and central nervous systems in Takotsubo syndrome and peripartum cardiomyopathy, and on the neurological and psychiatric complications of atrial fibrillation.
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20
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Tian DD, Wang M, Liu A, Gao MR, Qiu C, Yu W, Wang WJ, Zhang K, Yang L, Jia YY, Yang CB, Wu YM. Antidepressant Effect of Paeoniflorin Is Through Inhibiting Pyroptosis CASP-11/GSDMD Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:761-776. [PMID: 33025508 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-associated neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The role of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), a newly identified pyroptosis executioner downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome mediating inflammatory programmed cell death, in depression has not been well defined. Here, we provide evidence that paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound derived from Paeonia lactiflora, ameliorated reserpine-induced mouse depression-like behaviors, characterized as increased mobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test, as well as the abnormal alteration of synaptic plasticity in the depressive hippocampus. The molecular docking simulation predicted that PF would interact with C-terminus of GSDMD. We further demonstrated that PF administration inhibited the enhanced expression of GSDMD which mainly distributed in microglia, along with the proteins involved in pyroptosis signaling transduction including caspase (CASP)-11, CASP-1, NLRP3, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. And also, PF prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in murine N9 microglia in vitro, evidenced by inhibiting the expression of CASP-11, NLRP3, CASP-1 cleavage, as well as IL-1β. Furthermore, VX-765, an effective and selective inhibitor for CASP-1 activation, reduced the expression of inflammasome and pyroptosis-associated proteins in over-activated N9 and also facilitated PF-mediated inhibition of pyroptosis synergistically. Collectively, the data indicated that PF exerted antidepressant effects, alleviating neuroinflammation through inhibiting CASP-11-dependent pyroptosis signaling transduction induced by over-activated microglia in the hippocampus of mice treated with reserpine. Thus, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in activated microglia is a previously unrecognized inflammatory mechanism of depression and represents a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating depression given PF administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion-Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Bin Yang
- Military Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Kumar N, Shahid Mukhtar M, Dwivedi Y. Molecular pathology associated with altered synaptic transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33483466 PMCID: PMC7822869 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted synaptic plasticity is the hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD), with accompanying changes at the molecular and cellular levels. Often, the maladaptive molecular changes at the synapse are the result of global transcriptional reprogramming dictated by activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Thus far, no study has directly studied the transcriptome-wide expression changes locally at the synapse in MDD brain. Here, we have examined altered synaptic transcriptomics and their functional relevance in MDD with a focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). RNA was isolated from total fraction and purified synaptosomes of dlPFC from well-matched 15 non-psychiatric controls and 15 MDD subjects. Transcriptomic changes in synaptic and total fractions were detected by next-generation RNA-sequencing (NGS) and analyzed independently. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction was estimated to evaluate a shift in gene expression ratio in MDD subjects. Bioinformatics and network analyses were used to determine the biological relevance of transcriptomic changes in both total and synaptic fractions based on gene-gene network, gene ontology (GO), and pathway prediction algorithms. A total of 14,005 genes were detected in total fraction. A total of 104 genes were differentially regulated (73 upregulated and 31 downregulated) in MDD group based on 1.3-fold change threshold and p < 0.05 criteria. In synaptosomes, out of 13,236 detectable genes, 234 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated (>1.3-fold, p < 0.05). Several of these altered genes were validated independently by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). GO revealed an association with immune system processes and cell death. Moreover, a cluster of genes belonged to the nervous system development, and psychological disorders were discovered using gene-gene network analysis. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction showed a shift in expression of 119 genes in MDD subjects, which were primarily associated with neuroinflammation, interleukin signaling, and cell death. Our results suggest not only large-scale gene expression changes in synaptosomes, but also a shift in the expression of genes from total to synaptic fractions of dlPFC of MDD subjects with their potential role in immunomodulation and cell death. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of transcriptomic regulation at the synapse and their possible role in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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22
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Serrano García A, Montánchez Mateo J, Franch Pato CM, Gómez Martínez R, García Vázquez P, González Rodríguez I. [Interleukin 6 and depression in patients affected by Covid-19]. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 156:332-335. [PMID: 33549331 PMCID: PMC7837017 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introducción El incremento de citocinas centrales resultante de infecciones produce cambios neuronales. La Covid-19 permite estudiar los síntomas depresivos en un estrés sostenido y su relación con mecanismos moleculares. Objetivos Valorar la correlación entre niveles de IL-6, IL-1β y TNF-α y sintomatología depresiva. Caracterizar los cuadros depresivos presentes. Métodos Estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes ingresados por Covid-19 mayores de 60 años con una determinación de interleucinas. Se utilizó la Escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage (GDS), asociándose cada ítem con un neurotransmisor. Resultados Se incluyeron 27 pacientes. No encontramos correlación entre los niveles de IL-6 y la puntuación de la escala GDS (rho = 0,204; IC95% −0,192 a 0,543); ni con los niveles de IL-1β (rho = −0,126; IC95% −0,490 a 0,276); ni de TNF-α (rho = −0,033; IC95% −0,416 a 0,360). Tres pacientes (11,1%) presentaron una puntuación compatible con cuadro depresivo. Se asoció a déficit de noradrenalina y serotonina. Conclusiones No hallamos correlación entre los niveles de IL-6, IL-1β y TNF-α con la puntuación en la GDS. La sintomatología depresiva presenta características similares a las depresiones vasculares.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rocío Gómez Martínez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España
| | - Paula García Vázquez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España
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23
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Su CH, Chuang HC, Hong CJ. Physical exercise prevents mice from L-Kynurenine-induced depression-like behavior. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101894. [PMID: 31918308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a wide-spread disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Recent studies in neuroinflammation suggested that increased plasma kynurenine (KYN) level was related to depressive symptoms, while animal studies indicated that KYN increase could be caused by environmental stressor. Recent study reported that exercise may prevent stress-induced depression by enhancing KYN metabolism in muscle. This study seeks to test the effect of voluntary exercise on depressive-like behavior induced by stress and KYN in mice. HYPOTHESIS Exercise prevents depressive-like behavior induced by KYN. RESULTS Our study found that two weeks of voluntary exercise greatly reduced stress-induced helplessness in mice. On non-stressed mice, naïve mice injected with KYN showed increased immobile time in the TST (214 ± 30 s for KYN vs. 181 ± 33 s for saline; p < 0.05) and higher failure rate in the escape test (39 ± 31 % for KYN vs. 16 ± 13 % for saline; p < 0.05), while exercised mice were not affected by KYN injection in neither test. We also observed that exercised mice's plasma KYN concentration (3.29 ± 1.09 u M) was as low as a quarter of that of control (12.95 ± 3.44 u M) (P < 0.01) after KYN injection. Finally, we found that exercised mice expressed more kynurenine aminotransferase III (KAT3) in the muscle than control mice (1.62 ± 0.60 folds for exercise vs. 1.00 ± 0.22 folds for control; p = 0.005) CONCLUSION: Exercise promotes KAT3 expression, enhances KYN metabolism, and consequently prevents mice from stress or KYN-induced depressive-like behavior.
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KARAKAWA S, NISHIMOTO R, HARADA M, ARASHIDA N, NAKAYAMA A. Simultaneous Analysis of Tryptophan and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2019. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2019.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cai L, He Q, Lu Y, Hu Y, Chen W, Wei L, Hu Y. Comorbidity of Pain and Depression in a Lumbar Disc Herniation Model: Biochemical Alterations and the Effects of Fluoxetine. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1022. [PMID: 31616368 PMCID: PMC6768967 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary of Background Data: Depression is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with chronic low back pain. However, the mechanisms of depression in chronic low back pain patients and the effect of antidepressants on the comorbidity of pain and depression need to be further explored. The establishment of the appropriate animal models and of more effective therapies is critical for this comorbidity. Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the most common disease that causes low back pain. The current study examined whether an LDH model shows behavioral and biochemical alterations that are in accordance with the characteristics of the comorbidity of pain and depression and tested the effect of fluoxetine (FLX) on these measures. Objective: The current study examined whether an LDH model showed the behavioral and biochemical alterations that were in accordance with the characteristics of the comorbidity of pain and depression and tested the effect of FLX on these measures. Methods: The LDH animal model was generated by the implantation of the autologous nucleus pulposus on the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the dorsal root ganglion in Wistar rats. Pain intensity was evaluated by mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and changes in depressive behavior were examined by the taste preference and forced swim tests. Hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA was quantified using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Results: LDH resulted in chronic pain, which further induced depressive behavior that persisted for 6 weeks after surgery. There were decreased 5-HT concentrations and upregulated TNF-α mRNA levels that were accompanied by behavioral changes. FLX treatment improved depressive behavior and moderately alleviated pain through increased 5-HT concentrations, and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression. Conclusions: In summary, our studies provide initial evidence that the LDH chronic pain model might serve as a model of the comorbidity of low back pain and depression. The finding that FLX improved depressive behavior and pain through normalized 5-HT concentrations and TNF-α mRNA expression establishes the initial mechanism of the comorbidity of pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qianchao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjing Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Yuying Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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