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Arteaga-Wences Y, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos-Rincón FG, Castro-Pérez B, Mendoza-Cortéz D, Manriquez-Núñez O, Barreras A, Corona-Gochi L, Zinn R, Perea-Domínguez X, Plascencia A. The effects of feeding a standardized mixture of essential oils vs monensin on growth performance, dietary energy and carcass characteristics of lambs fed a high-energy finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zapata O, Cervantes A, Barreras A, Monge-Navarro F, González-Vizcarra V, Estrada-Angulo A, Urías-Estrada J, Corona L, Zinn R, Martínez-Alvarez I, Plascencia A. Effects of single or combined supplementation of probiotics and prebiotics on ruminal fermentation, ruminal bacteria and total tract digestion in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Núñez-Benítez V, Barreras A, Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez B, Urías-Estrada J, Zinn R, Leyva-Morales J, Plascencia A. Evaluation of a standardized mixture of synbiotic-glyconutrients as a feed additive in steers fed a finishing diet: Site and extent of digestion, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rivera-Villegas A, Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez BI, Urías-Estrada JD, Ríos-Rincón FG, Rodríguez-Cordero D, Barreras A, Plascencia A, González-Vizcarra VM, Sosa-Gordillo JF, Zinn RA. Comparative evaluation of supplemental zilpaterol hydrochloride sources on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:209-216. [PMID: 30056687 PMCID: PMC6325381 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective We compare the effects of three different approved sources of supplemental zilpaterol on growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Methods Twenty four Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs (46.75±2.43 kg) were used in a 33-day feeding trial. Lambs were fed a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet. Treatments consisted of the non-supplemental basal diet (Control) versus the basal diet supplemented with 125 mg zilpaterol/kg of diet (as fed basis) from three commercial sources marketed in Mexico: Zilmax (ZIL), Grofactor, and Zipamix. Results Compared to controls, zilpaterol (ZH) supplementation did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but increased carcass adjusted daily weight gain (ADG, 36.7%), gain efficiency (34.2%), and dietary net energy (26.0%), and decreased (23.4%) the ratio of observed:expected DMI. Compared to controls, supplemental ZH increased hot carcass weight (6.4%), dressing percentage (3.2%), m. longissimus thoracis (LM) area (15.6%), and shoulder muscle:fat ratio (28.7%), but decreased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, and fat thickness. Supplemental ZH increased 10.9% and 14.3% whole cut weight of loin and leg, respectively, and the proportion (as percentage of cold carcass weight) of leg (4.3%). These increases were reflected in greater forequarter and hindquarter weights. Lambs fed ZH increased (4.6%) empty body weight (EBW) and reduced (14.7%) liver/spleen weight (as g/kg EBW). Likewise, ZH supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to lower (8.9%) visceral fat. Growth performance, energetic efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area and whole cuts were not different across supplemental ZH sources. However, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreased carcass fat distribution, including fat thickness, percentage kidney pelvic and heart fat, shoulder fat, and visceral fat. Conclusion Supplemental ZH increases ADG, gain efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, and LM area. The magnitude of these responses was similar among ZH sources. Nevertheless, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreases carcass fat. The basis for this is uncertain, but indicative that some practical differences in zilpaterol bio-equivalency may exist across commercial sources tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rivera-Villegas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - A Estrada-Angulo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - B I Castro-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - J D Urías-Estrada
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - F G Ríos-Rincón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - D Rodríguez-Cordero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21386, Baja California, México
| | - A Barreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21386, Baja California, México
| | - A Plascencia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21386, Baja California, México
| | - V M González-Vizcarra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - J F Sosa-Gordillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80246, Sinaloa, México
| | - R A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez B, Urías-Estrada J, Ríos-Rincón F, Arteaga-Wences Y, Barreras A, López-Soto M, Plascencia A, Zinn R. Influence of protein level on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs finished with isocaloric diets. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Urías-Estrada JD, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, Aguilar-Hernández JA, González-Vizcarra VM, Estrada-Angulo A, Zinn RA, Mendoza GD, Plascencia A. Influence of zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplementation on characteristics of digestion and ruminal fermentation of steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Anim Prod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Four Holstein steers (328 ± 14 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to examine the effect of level of zeolite supplementation (0, 10, 20 or 30 g clinoptilolite-Ca/kg of diet) in a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet on the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Zeolite was top-dressed with the basal diet at time of feeding; therefore, intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), starch and N was equal in all treatments. Zeolite supplementation did not affect site and extent of digestion of N or NDF. Zeolite linearly decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N flow to duodenum, but did not affect duodenal flow of microbial N, feed N, or microbial efficiency. Inclusion of zeolite linearly increased (P = 0.02) ruminal OM digestion and tended (linear, P = 0.08) to increase ruminal digestion of starch. Zeolite supplementation increased (linear effect, P < 0.01) faecal excretion of ash, resulting in decreased total tract DM digestion (linear effect, P = 0.04). However, total tract digestion of OM tended to increase (P = 0.06) with increasing zeolite supplementation. Thus, dilution of the diet with zeolite did not depress dietary digestible energy. There were no treatment effects on ruminal pH. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration tended (P = 0.08) to increase as zeolite increased. Zeolite supplementation decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate and increased molar proportion of propionate (linear effect, P < 0.01), resulting in decreased (linear effect, P < 0.01) of acetate: propionate ratio. Supplementation with zeolite at levels of up to 30 g of zeolite/kg of diet may enhance ruminal OM digestion, largely due to the tendency of increased ruminal starch digestion. Zeolite supplementation altered ruminal volatile fatty acid molar proportions (decreased acetate : propionate ratio), and therefore may have an positive impact on energy efficiency.
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Rojas-Román L, Castro-Pérez B, Estrada-Angulo A, Angulo-Montoya C, Yocupicio-Rocha J, López-Soto M, Barreras A, Zinn R, Plascencia A. Influence of long-term supplementation of tannins on growth performance, dietary net energy and carcass characteristics: Finishing lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Estrada-Angulo A, Coronel-Burgos F, Castro Pérez B, López Soto M, Barreras A, Angulo-Montoya C, Contreras Pérez G, Plascencia A. Efecto de la inclusión de zeolita (clinoptilolita) en ovinos en etapa de finalización: Respuesta productiva y energética de la dieta. ARCH ZOOTEC 2017. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v66i255.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la adición de diferentes niveles (0, 1,5, 3 y 4,5%) de zeolita en dietas integrales de finalización sobre la respuesta productiva y la eficiencia en la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta de ovinos de pelo. Para lo anterior, 40 ovinos machos ¾Katahdin × ¼Pelibuey (peso inicial = 32,28±2,34 kg) se asignaron a 20 corraletas (2 ovinos/corraleta, 5 corrales/tratamiento) alimentándose durante 75 días con alguno de los 4 tratamientos. Las dietas ofrecidas fueron tipo integral. La dieta testigo (sin zeolita) contenía 16,51% de proteína cruda (PC) y 1,39 McalENg/kg y la cantidad total de zeolita incluida en cada tratamiento sustituyó al maíz y a la pasta de soja en partes iguales. Por cada nivel de sustitución del maíz-pasta de soja se disminuyó la concentración de PC en 0,11 puntos porcentuales y la energía neta en 0,03 Mcal/kg. El sustituir maíz y pasta de soja por zeolita hasta un nivel de 1,5% en la dieta no afectó el consumo de materia seca (MS), la ganancia diaria, la eficiencia alimenticia, la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta (EN observada sobre la EN esperada) o la retención aparente de energía por unidad de MS consumida. El aumentar a el nivel de suplementación de zeolita por encima de 1,5% incrementó la eficiencia alimenticia, la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta y la retención aparente de energía por unidad de MS consumida siendo la respuesta máxima para el nivel de inclusión de 3% (componente cuadrático, p<0,01). Con respecto al grupo testigo, la inclusión de 3% de zeolita a la dieta mejoró (p<0,01) en 6,8% la eficiencia alimenticia, en 8.4% la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta y en 8,9% la retención aparente de energía por unidad de MS consumida. La inclusión de zeolita por encima de 1,5% a dieta de finalización mejora la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta. En base al rendimiento productivo y la eficiencia en la utilización de la energía neta de la dieta, la respuesta óptima observada para los corderosen el presente estudio fue con el 3% de inclusión de zeolita.
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Félix-Bernal JA, Estrada-Angulo A, Angulo-Escalante MA, Castro-Pérez BI, Landeros-López H, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Feeding value of supplemental curcas crude oil in finishing diets for feedlot lambs. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3875-3882. [PMID: 27898912 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the feeding value of a mechanically extracted nontoxic variety of oil (JCO) as source of energy for feedlot lambs. Twenty Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs were individually fed a dry-rolled-corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% JCO (diet dry matter basis). Supplemental JCO replaced dry rolled corn in the basal diet. Fatty acid composition of JCO was C16:0, 14.0%; C18:0, 8.2%; C18:1, 26.0%; C18:2, 50.3%, and C18:3, 0.4%. Daily intakes of JCO averaged 24.7, 51.1, and 77.3 g/day or 0.57, 1.08, and 1.62 g/kg LW for the 2%, 4%, and 6% levels of supplementation, respectively. Supplemental JCO did not affect ( = 0.33) dry matter intake (DMI), but tended to increase (linear effect, = 0.06) average daily gain, efficiency of gain (linear effect, < 0.01), and dietary net energy (linear effect, < 0.01) and decreased (linear effect, < 0.01) the ratio of observed/expected DMI. At low levels (20 g/kg diet dry matter) of supplementation, the net energy (NE) value of JCO corresponds closely (0.99) to the NE value assigned by current standards (), and this NE value decreased linearly as the inclusion level of JCO increased. There were not treatment effects on plasma metabolites. Across treatments, the concentrations of hemoglobin (11.64 ± 1.08 g/dL), hematocrit (39.15 ± 3.67%), glucose (85.2 ± 17.64 mg/dL), creatinine (1.43 ± 0.28 mg/dL), and urea (20.70 ± 4.35 mg/dL) were within normal (9-15 g/dL, 27%-40%, 50-90 mg/dL, 1.0-1.8 mg/dL, and 15-50 mg/dL, for hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, creatinine, and urea, respectively) ranges for healthy lambs. Based on DMI, performance and plasma metabolites observed in this study, nontoxic JCO is a suitable source of energy in finishing diets for lambs.
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Salinas-Chavira J, Barreras A, Plascencia A, Montano MF, Navarrete JD, Torrentera N, Zinn RA. Influence of protein nutrition and virginiamycin supplementation on feedlot growth performance and digestive function of calf-fed Holstein steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:4276-4286. [PMID: 27898843 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of protein and virginiamycin (VM) supplementation on feedlot growth performance, digestion, and metabolizable AA (MAA) supply of calf-fed Holstein steers. Growth performance and dietary energetics were evaluated in 120 Holstein steers (127 ± 9 kg). During the initial 112-d feeding period, a steam-flaked corn-based diet was balanced to meet either 100% (MAB) or 87% (UREA) of MAA requirements. Diets were supplemented with or without 22.5 mg/kg VM in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Subsequently (d 112 to 308), all steers received the UREA diet with or without VM. During the initial 112-d, MAB increased ADG, G:F, and dietary NE ( < 0.01). Thereafter, when all steers received the UREA diet, ADG, G:F, and dietary NE were not different ( > 0.10) across initial supplementation treatments. Overall (d 1 to 308), MAB did not affect ADG ( > 0.10) but enhanced G:F efficiency ( = 0.03) and dietary NE ( = 0.05). During the initial 112-d period and through the remainder of the experiment, VM increased G:F ( < 0.01) and dietary NE ( < 0.01). Four Holstein steers (146 ± 4 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate initial 112-d treatment effects on digestive function. There were no treatment effects ( > 0.10) on ruminal digestion of OM, NDF, starch, microbial efficiency, or total tract digestion of OM and NDF. The MAB increased indispensable AA flow to the small intestine ( < 0.01) and total tract digestion of N ( < 0.01) and starch ( = 0.04). Observed AA supply to small intestine was in agreement with expected supply ( = 0.96). Virginiamycin decreased ( = 0.04) nonammonia N flow to the small intestine and did not affect ( > 0.10) total tract N digestion. Extrapolating from AA supplies in the metabolism study, MAB satisfied indispensable AA requirements during the initial 112-d period, whereas the UREA diet met 73.5% and 79.2% of methionine and lysine requirements, respectively. During the subsequent periods (d 112 to 308) indispensable AA supplies exceeded theoretical requirements. We conclude that enhancements in energy utilization when diets are balanced to meet MAA requirements of calf-fed Holstein steers during the initial 112-d feedlot period remain appreciable throughout time on feed. Virginiamycin enhanced efficiency of energy utilization throughout the feedlot growing-finishing period.
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Rogge HI, Aguilar-Hernández JA, Morin-Luogo S, Urías-Estrada JD, López Soto MA, Barreras A, González-Vizcarra V, Plascencia A, Zinn RA. 1401 Effects of supplementation of isoquinoline alkaloids and monensin on microbial protein synthesis, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in steers fed a finishing diet. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Estrada-Angulo A, López-Soto MA, Rivera-Méndez CR, Castro BI, Ríos FG, Dávila-Ramos H, Barreras A, Urías-Estrada JD, Zinn RA, Plascencia A. Effects of Combining Feed Grade Urea and a Slow-release Urea Product on Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Lambs Fed Finishing Diets with Different Starch to Acid Detergent Fiber Ratios. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1725-1733. [PMID: 27221248 PMCID: PMC5088420 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that microbial nitrogen flow and digestible energy of diets are increased when urea is combined with a slow-release urea (SRU) in diets with a starch to acid detergent fibre ratio (S:F) 4:1. This affect is attributable to enhanced synchrony between ruminal N availability for microbial growth and carbohydrate degradation. To verify the magnitude of this effects on lamb performance, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining urea and a SRU in diets containing S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1, or 5:1 on performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. For that, 40 Pelibuey×Katahdin lambs (36.65±3 kg) were assigned to one of five weight groupings in 20 pens (5 repetition/treatments). The S:F ratio in the diet was manipulated by partially replacing the corn grain and dried distiller’s grain with solubles by forage (wheat straw) and soybean meal to reach S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1. An additional treatment of 4:1 S:F ratio with 0.8% urea as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used as a reference for comparing the effect of urea combination vs. conventional urea at the same S:F ratio. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI). Compared the urea combination vs urea at the same S:F ratio, urea combination increased (p<0.01) average daily gain (ADG, 18.3%), gain for feed (G:F, 9.5%), and apparent energy retention per unit DMI (8.2%). Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved the observed-to-expected dietary ratio and apparent retention per unit DMI was maximal (quadratic effect, p≤0.03) at an S:F ratio of 4:1, while the conventional urea treatment did not modify the observed-to-expected net energy ratio nor the apparent retention per unit DMI at 4:1 S:F ratio. Urea combination group tended (3.8%, p = 0.08) to have heavier carcasses with no effects on the rest of carcass characteristics. As S:F ratio increased, ADG, G:F, dietary net energy, carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus thoracis (LM) area increased linearly (p≤0.02). Combining urea and a slow-release urea product results in positive effects on growth performance and dietary energetics, but the best responses are apparently observed when there is a certain proportion (S:F ratio = 4:1) of starch to acid detergent fibre in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estrada-Angulo
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 1084, Sinaloa, México
| | - M A López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Tijuana 21100, México
| | - C R Rivera-Méndez
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Tijuana 21100, México
| | - B I Castro
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 1084, Sinaloa, México
| | - F G Ríos
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 1084, Sinaloa, México
| | - H Dávila-Ramos
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 1084, Sinaloa, México
| | - A Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Tijuana 21100, México
| | - J D Urías-Estrada
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Tijuana 21100, México
| | - R A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - A Plascencia
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Tijuana 21100, México
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Aguilar-Hernández JA, Urías-Estrada JD, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, Plascencia A, Montaño M, González-Vizcarra VM, Estrada-Angulo A, Castro-Pérez BI, Barajas R, Rogge HI, Zinn RA. Evaluation of isoquinoline alkaloid supplementation levels on ruminal fermentation, characteristics of digestion, and microbial protein synthesis in steers fed a high-energy diet. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:267-74. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Estrada-Angulo A, Aguilar-Hernández A, Osuna-Pérez M, Núñez-Benítez VH, Castro-Pérez BI, Silva-Hidalgo G, Contreras-Pérez G, Barreras A, Plascencia A, Zinn RA. Influence of Quaternary Benzophenantridine and Protopine Alkaloids on Growth Performance, Dietary Energy, Carcass Traits, Visceral Mass, and Rumen Health in Finishing Ewes under Conditions of Severe Temperature-humidity Index. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:652-8. [PMID: 26954173 PMCID: PMC4852226 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty Pelibuey×Katahdin ewes (35±2.3 kg) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was 81.7±1.0 (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect (p≥0.12) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Estrada-Angulo
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México
| | - A Aguilar-Hernández
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, México
| | - M Osuna-Pérez
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México
| | - V H Núñez-Benítez
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, México
| | - B I Castro-Pérez
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México
| | - G Silva-Hidalgo
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México
| | - G Contreras-Pérez
- Veterinary and Animal Science School, University Autonomous of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Sinaloa, México
| | - A Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, México
| | - A Plascencia
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, Mexicali 21100, México
| | - R A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Félix-Bernal J, Angulo-Escalante M, Estrada-Angulo A, Heredia J, Muy-Rangel D, López-Soto M, Barreras A, Plascencia A. Feeding value of nontoxic Jatropha curcas seed cake for partially replacing dry-rolled corn and soybean meal in lambs fed finishing diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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López-Soto M, Aguilar-Hernández J, Dávila-Ramos H, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos F, Urías-Estrada J, Barreras A, Calderón J, Plascencia A. Effects of a combining feed grade urea and a slow-release product on performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of steers fed finishing diets. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.963104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Castro-Pérez BI, Garzón-Proaño JS, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, González VM, Plascencia A, Estrada-Angulo A, Dávila-Ramos H, Ríos-Rincón FG, Zinn RA. Effects of Replacing Dry-rolled Corn with Increasing Levels of Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Characteristics of Digestion, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestible Energy of Diet in Hair Lambs Fed High-concentrate Diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1152-9. [PMID: 25049896 PMCID: PMC4093229 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Four male lambs (Katahdin; average live weight 25.9±2.9 kg) with “T” type cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of supplemental dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%, dry matter basis) in substitution for dry-rolled (DR) corn on characteristics of digestive function and digestible energy (DE) of diet. Treatments did not influence ruminal pH. Substitution of DR corn with DDGS increased ruminal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion (quadratic effect, p<0.01), but decreased ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion (linear effect, p<0.01). Replacing corn with DDGS increased (linear, p≤0.02) duodenal flow of lipids, NDF and feed N. But there were no treatment effects on flow to the small intestine of microbial nitrogen (MN) or microbial N efficiency. The estimated UIP value of DDGS was 44%. Postruminal digestion of OM, starch, lipids and nitrogen (N) were not affected by treatments. Total tract digestion of N increased (linear, p = 0.04) as the DDGS level increased, but DDGS substitution tended to decrease total tract digestion of OM (p = 0.06) and digestion of gross energy (p = 0.08). However, it did not affect the dietary digestible energy (DE, MJ/kg), reflecting the greater gross energy content of DDGS versus DR corn in the replacements. The comparative DE value of DDGS may be considered similar to the DE value of the DR corn it replaced up to 30% in the finishing diets fed to lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Castro-Pérez
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - J S Garzón-Proaño
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - M A López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - V M González
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Plascencia
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Estrada-Angulo
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - H Dávila-Ramos
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - F G Ríos-Rincón
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - R A Zinn
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
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López-Soto MA, Rivera-Méndez CR, Aguilar-Hernández JA, Barreras A, Calderón-Cortés JF, Plascencia A, Dávila-Ramos H, Estrada-Angulo A, Valdes-García YS. Effects of Combining Feed Grade Urea and a Slow-release Urea Product on Characteristics of Digestion, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestible Energy in Steers Fed Diets with Different Starch:ADF Ratios. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:187-93. [PMID: 25049942 PMCID: PMC4093204 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the cost of grains, the replacement of grains by co-products (i.e. DDGS) in feedlot diets is a common practice. This change produces diets that contain a lower amount of starch and greater amount of fibre. Hypothetically, combining feed grade urea (U) with slow release urea (Optigen) in this type of diet should elicit a better synchrony between starch (high-rate of digestion) and fibre (low-rate of digestion) promoting a better microbial protein synthesis and ruminal digestion with increasing the digestible energy of the diet. Four cannulated Holstein steers (213±4 kg) were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to examine the combination of Optigen and U in a finishing diet containing different starch:acid detergent fibre ratios (S:F) on the characteristics of digestive function. Three S:F ratios (3.0, 4.5, and 6.0) were tested using a combination of U (0.80%) and Optigen (1.0%). Additionally, a treatment of 4.5 S:F ratio with urea (0.80% in ration) as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used to compare the effect of urea combination at same S:F ratio. The S:F ratio of the diet was manipulated by replacing the corn grain by dried distillers grain with solubles and roughage. Urea combination did not affect ruminal pH. The S:F ratio did not affect ruminal pH at 0 and 2 h post-feeding but, at 4 and 6 h, the ruminal pH decreased as the S:F ratio increased (linear, p<0.05). Ruminal digestion of OM, starch and feed N were not affected by urea combination or S:F ratio. The urea combination did not affect ADF ruminal digestion. ADF ruminal digestion decreased linearly (p = 0.02) as the S:F ratio increased. Compared to the urea treatment (p<0.05) and within the urea combination treatment (quadratic, p<0.01), the flow of microbial nitrogen (MN) to the small intestine and ruminal microbial efficiency were greater for the urea combination at a S:F ratio of 4.5. Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved (2.8%, p = 0.02) postruminal N digestion. As S:F ratio increased, OM digestion increased, but ADF total tract digestion decreased. The combination of urea at 4.5 S:F improved (2%, p = 0.04) the digestible energy (DE) more than expected. Combining urea and Optigen resulted in positive effects on the MN flow and DE of the diet, but apparently these advantages are observed only when there is a certain proportion of starch:ADF in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - C R Rivera-Méndez
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - J A Aguilar-Hernández
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - J F Calderón-Cortés
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Plascencia
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - H Dávila-Ramos
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Estrada-Angulo
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - Y S Valdes-García
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
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Castro-Pérez B, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos F, Dávila-Ramos H, Robles-Estrada J, Contreras-Pérez G, Calderón-Cortés J, López-Soto M, Barreras A, Plascencia A. Effects of replacing partially dry-rolled corn and soybean meal with different levels of dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance, dietary energetics, and carcass characteristics in hairy lambs fed a finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Martínez-González S, Escalera-Valente F, Gómez-Danés A, Plascencia A, Loya-Olguin J, Ramirez-Ramirez J, Barreras A, Valdés-García Y, Aguirre-Ortega J. Influence of levels of DL-malic acid supplementation on milk production and composition in lactating Pelibuey ewes and pre-weaning weight gain of their suckling kids. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2014.899496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Barreras A, Castro-Pérez BI, López-Soto MA, Torrentera NG, Montaño MF, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos FG, Dávila-Ramos H, Plascencia A, Zinn RA. Influence of Ionophore Supplementation on Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics and Carcass Characteristics in Finishing Cattle during Period of Heat Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013; 26:1553-61. [PMID: 25049741 PMCID: PMC4093809 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Forty-eight crossbred heifers (378.1±18 kg) were used in a 56-d feeding trial (four pens per treatment in a randomised complete block design) to evaluate the influence of ionophore supplementation on growth performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (2.22 Mcal NEm/kg) with and without an ionophore. Treatments were: i) control, no ionophore; ii) 30 mg/kg monensin sodium (RUM30); iii) 20 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV20), and iv) 30 mg/kg lasalocid sodium (BOV30). Both dry matter intake (DMI) and climatic variables were measured daily and the temperature humidity index (THI) was estimated. The maximum THI during the study averaged 93, while the minimum was 70 (THI average = 79.2±2.3). Compared to controls, monensin supplementation did not influence average daily gain, the estimated NE value of the diet, or observed-to-expected DMI, but tended (p = 0.07) to increase (4.8%) gain to feed. Compared to controls, the group fed BOV30 increased (p≤0.03) daily gain (11.8%), gain to feed (8.3%), net energy of the diet (5%), and observed-to-expected DMI (5.2%). Daily weight gain was greater (7.6%, p = 0.05) for heifers fed BOV30 than for heifers fed MON30. Otherwise, differences between the two treatments in DMI, gain to feed, and dietary NE were not statistically significant (p>0.11). Plotting weekly intakes versus THI, observed intake of controls was greater (p<0.05) at THI values ≤77 than ionophore groups. When THI values were greater than 79, DMI of control and MON30 were not different (p = 0.42), although less than that of groups fed lasalocid (p = 0.04). Variation in energy intake was lower (p>0.05) in the ionophores group (CV = 1.7%) than in the control group (CV = 4.5%). Inclusion of ionophores in the diet resulted in relatively minor changes in carcass characteristics. It is concluded that ionophore supplementation did not exacerbate the decline of DM intake in heat-stressed cattle fed a high-energy finishing diet; on the contrary, it stabilised feed intake and favoured feed efficiency. Ionophore supplementation reduced estimated maintenance coefficients around 10% in finishing cattle during a period of heat stress. This effect was greatest for heifers supplemented with 30 mg lasalocid/kg of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | | | - M. A. López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | - N. G. Torrentera
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | - M. F. Montaño
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California,
México
| | | | | | | | - A. Plascencia
- Corresponding Author: Alejandro Plascencia. Tel: +52-686-5636906 (111), Fax: +52-686-5636907, E-mail:
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López-Soto MA, Valdés-García YS, Plascencia A, Barreras A, Castro-Perez BI, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos FG, Gómez-Vazquez A, Corona L, Zinn RA. Influence of feeding live yeast on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility in steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.779744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Boscolo S, Pelin M, De Bortoli M, Fontanive G, Barreras A, Berti F, Sosa S, Chaloin O, Bianco A, Yasumoto T, Prato M, Poli M, Tubaro A. Sandwich ELISA assay for the quantitation of palytoxin and its analogs in natural samples. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:2034-2042. [PMID: 23339823 DOI: 10.1021/es304222t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Palytoxins are potent marine biotoxins that have recently become endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, and are becoming more frequently associated with seafood. Due to their high toxicity, suitable methods to quantify palytoxins are needed. Thus, we developed an indirect sandwich ELISA for palytoxin and 42-hydroxy-palytoxin. An intralaboratory study demonstrated sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD = 1.1 ng/mL; limit of quantitation, LOQ = 2.2 ng/mL), accuracy (bias of 2.1%), repeatability (RSDr = 6% and 9% for intra- and interassay variability, respectively) and specificity: other common marine toxins (okadaic acid, domoic acid, saxitoxin, brevetoxin-3, and yessotoxin) do not cross-react in this assay. It performed well in three different matrices: observed LOQs were 11.0, 9.6, and 2.4 ng/mL for mussel extracts, algal net samples and seawater, respectively, with good accuracy and precision. The LOQ in seafood is 11 μg palytoxin/kg mussel meat, lower than that of the most common detection technique, LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boscolo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Estrada-Angulo A, Valdés YS, Carrillo-Muro O, Castro-Perez BI, Barreras A, López-Soto MA, Plascencia A, Dávila-Ramos H, Rios FG, Zinn RA. Effects of feeding different levels of chromium-enriched live yeast in hairy lambs fed a corn-based diet: effects on growth performance, dietary energetics, carcass traits and visceral organ mass. Anim Prod Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Forty Pelibuey × Kathdin lambs (35.5 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a 56-day feeding experiment to assess the effects of feeding different levels of chromium-enriched live yeast (Cr-YC) on growth performance, dietary energetics, carcass traits and visceral organ mass. The Cr-YC source contained 5.5 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) and 0.40 mg of Cr per gram. Treatments consisted of a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 3 g Cr-YC/lamb.day. Total daily dosages were: 5.5 × 109 CFU and 0.4 mg; 1.1 × 1010 CFU and 0.8 mg Cr, and 1.65 × 1010 CFU and 1.2 mg Cr for supplementation levels of 1, 2 or 3 g Cr-YC/lamb.day, respectively. There were no treatments effects on dry matter intake. As the level of Cr-YC supplementation increased, average daily gain, gain to feed and dietary net energy were linearly increased, and observed/expected dry matter intake was linearly decreased. Chromium-enriched live yeast supplementation increased empty bodyweight (EBW), gastrointestinal fill and full viscera weight, but did not influence organ weights as a proportion of EBW (g/kg EBW). Cr-YC level did not affect carcass length, backfat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat or body wall thickness, but increased hot carcass weight and longissimus muscle area. In general, treatment effects on percentage yield of wholesale cuts (tissue weight as a percentage of cold carcass weight) were small. However, Cr-YC decreased percentage flank. Chromium-enriched yeast supplementation enhances growth rate, longissimus muscle area, and dietary energetic efficiency in finishing feedlot lambs.
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Robles-Estrada JC, Arrizon AA, Barreras A, Calderon JF, Figueroa-Saavedra F, Torrentera N, Plascencia A, Zinn RA. Effects of preslaughter withdrawal period on response of feedlot heifers to zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation: growth performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1759-63. [PMID: 19151149 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixty-four crossbred heifers (451 +/- 23 kg) were used in a 42-d feeding trial (4 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design) to evaluate the influence of preslaughter zilpaterol hydrochloride withdrawal period on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed a diet based on steam-flaked corn (2.13 Mcal of NE(m)/kg). Treatments were 1) control, no zilpaterol supplementation; 2) zilpaterol supplementation for 30 d, drug withdrawn from the diet 3 d preslaughter (ZIL-3); 3) zilpaterol supplementation for 30 d, drug withdrawn 6 d preslaughter (ZIL-6), and 4) zilpaterol supplementation for 30 d, drug withdrawn 12 d preslaughter (ZIL-12). Zilpaterol was supplemented at the rate of 0.15 mg/kg of BW daily. Intake of DM averaged 9.2 +/- 0.26 kg/d and was not affected (P > or = 0.36) by treatment. Compared with control heifers, ZIL-3 increased (P < 0.01) carcass-adjusted ADG (59%), G:F (57%), apparent dietary NE(m) (31%), and decreased observed/expected DMI (25%). Treatment with ZIL-3 did not affect marbling score (P = 0.49) or backfat thickness (P = 0.17), but compared with the control group, increased HCW (3.6%, P = 0.03), carcass dressing percentage (3.2%, P = 0.02), LM area (6.3%, P = 0.05), and reduced trimmed fat (31%, P = 0.03). Prolonging the period of zilpaterol withdrawal preslaughter tended to decrease carcass-adjusted ADG (linear, P = 0.11), G:F (linear, P = 0.08), apparent dietary NE(m) (linear, P = 0.11), and carcass dressing percentage (linear, P = 0.11). We conclude that growth performance and carcass yield responses to zilpaterol supplementation are negatively affected by prolonging the period of zilpaterol withdrawal beyond 3 d (the required minimum withdrawal period according to label). Drug withdrawal period may be a relevant factor in explaining variation in performance response to zilpaterol supplementation in commercial feedlots.
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Zinn RA, Barreras A, Owens FN, Plascencia A. Performance by feedlot steers and heifers: Daily gain, mature body weight, dry matter intake, and dietary energetics. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:2680-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zinn RA, Barreras A, Corona L, Owens FN, Ware RA. Starch digestion by feedlot cattle: predictions from analysis of feed and fecal starch and nitrogen. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1727-30. [PMID: 17400968 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the utility of N as a digestion marker to predict total tract starch digestion, data from 32 metabolism trials involving 147 steers and 637 individual starch digestibility measurements were compiled. All trials were conducted at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center. Total tract starch digestibility was determined from concentrations of starch and chromic oxide in feed and feces. In all trials, the steers were adapted to diets for 10 d followed by 4 d for collection of samples of feces. During collection, fecal samples (approximately 200 g, wet basis) were obtained twice daily. Samples from each steer within each collection period were composited for analysis. Diets contained 46.5 +/- 7.4% starch and 1.85 +/- 0.20% N. Apparently digestible N as a percentage of diet DM was closely associated (r(2) = 0.73; P < 0.001) with dietary N concentration. Fecal N concentration (FN, % of DM) explained 35% of the variation in fecal DM excretion (S(y.x) = 4.3; P < 0.001). Incorporating FN into the model, starch digestion was estimated as follows: starch digestion, % of intake = 100 {1 - [(0.938 -0.497FN + 0.0853FN(2)) FS/DS]}, where FS is fecal starch concentration (% of DM) and DS is dietary starch concentration (% of DM; r(2) = 0.94; S(y.x) = 0.68; P < 0.001). Fecal starch concentration alone explained 96% of the variation (S(y.x) = 0.45; P < 0.001) in total tract starch digestion: starch digestion, % = 99.9 - 0.413FS -0.0104FS(2). Omitting cases in our data set in which observed total tract starch digestion was less than 95%, the r(2) between FS and starch digestibility decreased to 0.82 (S(y.x) = 0.26; n = 529). However, estimated starch digestion using the equation incorporating FN remained closely associated with the observed starch digestion (r(2) = 0.90; S(y.x) = 0.22; P < 0.001; n = 529). Equations also were developed to predict NE(m) and NE(g) concentrations of common feed grains based on starch digestibility and FS. Starch digestion can be accurately predicted based on FS. However, incorporation of FN into the model markedly enhanced the estimates of grain quality and the efficacy of processing when total tract starch digestion exceeded 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Gómez A, Barreras A, Jaar E, Lolas Stepke F, Suárez L, Núñez C. [Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of women who attempted suicide]. Acta Psiquiatr Psicol Am Lat 1993; 39:223-30. [PMID: 8296568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sociodemographic and clinical features of 124 female suicide attempters, referred to the psychiatric unit of a general hospital have been assessed by means of semistructured interviews, and Pierce's Suicide Intent Scale. Mean age was 30.8 +/- 9.8 years. Subjects' socioeconomic and educational status were low. Attempts were impulsive in 70%, the most frequent method subjects resorted to was overdose (68%). Most common causes for the attempt were difficulties with either marital life or relatives. The attempt was assessed as severe in 45% of cases. Previous attempts were found in 56%. At assessment, 50% of subjects were with Major Depression (DMS-III-R). Subjects with recurrent depressive disorders evidenced a significantly higher rate of severe attempts, and previous suicidal episodes. Findings reported herein are relevant to a secondary prevention of suicidal behavior.
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