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Stassen HH, Bachmann S, Bridler R, Cattapan K, Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Seifritz E, Weisbrod M, Scharfetter C. Analysis of genetic diversity in patients with major psychiatric disorders versus healthy controls: A molecular-genetic study of 1698 subjects genotyped for 100 candidate genes (549 SNPs). Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115720. [PMID: 38224633 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the extent to which irregularities in genetic diversity separate psychiatric patients from healthy controls. METHODS Genetic diversity was quantified through multidimensional "gene vectors" assembled from 4 to 8 polymorphic SNPs located within each of 100 candidate genes. The number of different genotypic patterns observed per gene was called the gene's "diversity index". RESULTS The diversity indices were found to be only weakly correlated with their constituent number of SNPs (20.5 % explained variance), thus suggesting that genetic diversity is an intrinsic gene property that has evolved over the course of evolution. Significant deviations from "normal" diversity values were found for (1) major depression; (2) Alzheimer's disease; and (3) schizoaffective disorders. Almost one third of the genes were correlated with each other, with correlations ranging from 0.0303 to 0.7245. The central finding of this study was the discovery of "singular genes" characterized by distinctive genotypic patterns that appeared exclusively in patients but not in healthy controls. Neural Nets yielded nonlinear classifiers that correctly identified up to 90 % of patients. Overlaps between diagnostic subgroups on the genotype level suggested that (1) diagnoses-crossing vulnerabilities are likely involved in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders; (2) clinically defined diagnoses may not constitute etiological entities. CONCLUSION Detailed analyses of the variation of genotypic patterns in genes along with the correlation between genes lead to nonlinear classifiers that enable very robust separation between psychiatric patients and healthy controls on the genotype level.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Stassen
- Institute for Response-Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland.
| | - S Bachmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Halle, Halle D-06112, Germany; Clienia AG, Psychiatric Hospital, Littenheid CH-9573, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Thônex CH-1226, Switzerland
| | - R Bridler
- Sanatorium Kilchberg, Kilchberg CH-8802, Switzerland
| | - K Cattapan
- Sanatorium Kilchberg, Kilchberg CH-8802, Switzerland; University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - A M Hartmann
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien A-1090, Austria
| | - D Rujescu
- Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Wien A-1090, Austria
| | - E Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - M Weisbrod
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69115, Germany; SRH Hospital Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Karlsbad D-76307, Germany
| | - Chr Scharfetter
- Institute for Response-Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
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Hartmann AM, Kandil FI, Steckhan N, Häupl T, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Koppold-Liebscher DA. POS0583 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BENEFITS FROM FASTING AND PLANT-BASED DIET: AN EXPLORATORY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (NUTRIFAST). Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFasting has been shown to be beneficial in many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Among other effects, fasting stimulates ketogenic metabolism, induces autophagy, and harbors immunomodulatory functions. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the intestinal microbiota in the still unclear etiology of RA1. This could be a potential target for additional dietary therapy in RA.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of therapeutic fasting followed by a plant-based diet compared to standard dietary recommendations in patients with RA.MethodsIn this pilot study2 patients with RA were randomized to either a 7-day fast (≤250kcal/d) followed by 11 weeks of plant-based diet or to conventional nutritional counselling according to the recommendations of the German Society for Nutrition (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, DGE) for 12 weeks. Disease activity and treatment response in RA (including Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ; EULAR Response Criteria, ACR Response Criteria) were measured at baseline (T0), day 7 (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 12 weeks (T3).ResultsA total of 50 from 53 enrolled participants were included into the per-protocol analysis. The mean age was 51.98 ± 9.4 years with symptoms duration of 6.8 ± 8.1 years; 92% were females and 78% were ACPA and/or RF IgM positive. At baseline, participants presented HAQ 0.8 ± 0.5, DAS28CRP 4.0 ± 1.3, CRP 3.1 ± 3.8 mg/L, and a BMI of 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2.The primary endpoint did not become significant. However, post-hoc analyses revealed clinically relevant improvements in the HAQ after 12 weeks in both the fasting and the DGE group (Δ-0.29; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.13; p = 0.001; and Δ-0.23; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.22; p = 0.032; respectively). Furthermore, the effect already set on by day 7 in the fasting group compared to week 6 in the DGE group (Figure 1). This effect was independent of antibody status, delivery mode of the intervention or previous dietary forms. CV risk factors including weight and total cholesterol levels improved stronger in the fasting group compared to the DGE group (Δ-3.9 kg vs. -0.7kg; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.0; p = 0.001 and Δ-18.60 mg/dl vs Δ6.44 mg/dl; 95% CI, 7.3 to 42.8, p=0.007).Figure 1.EULAR and ACR Response until week 12 and HAQ up to 6 months. ACR, American College of Rheumatology; CI, confidence interval; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire.ConclusionFasting followed by a plant-based diet positively impacts disease activity and CV risk factors in RA, comparable to and no lesser than those of an anti-inflammatory diet according to the DGE. These results may open new perspectives by dietary interventions in an integrative therapeutic approach. Further confirmatory clinical studies with larger patient numbers are needed to confirm these exploratory findings.References[1]Ruff WE, Greiling TM, Kriegel MA. Host–microbiota interactions in immune-mediated diseases. Nature Reviews Microbiology 2020;18(9):521-38. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-0367-2[2]Hartmann AM, Dell’Oro M, Kessler CS, et al. Efficacy of therapeutic fasting and plant-based diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (NutriFast): study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2021;11(8):e047758. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047758 [published Online First: 2021/08/13]Disclosure of InterestsAnika M. Hartmann: None declared, Farid I. Kandil: None declared, Nico Steckhan: None declared, Thomas Häupl: None declared, Christan S. Kessler: None declared, Andreas Michalsen Paid instructor for: co-founder and instructor in the Academy of Integrative Fasting, Daniela A. Koppold-Liebscher Paid instructor for: co-founder and instructor in the Academy of Integrative Fasting.
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Konte B, Walters JT, Giegling I, Legge S, Pardiña AF, Cohen D, Pirmohamed M, Tiihonen J, Hartmann AM, Bogers JP, van der Weide J, van der Weide K, Putkonen A, Repo-Tiihonen E, Hallikainen T, Silva E, Imgimarsson O, Sigurdsson E, Kennedy JL, Breen G, Sullivan PF, Rietschel M, Stefansson H, Collier DA, OʼDonovan MC, Rujescu D. HLA-DQB1 6672 G>C is associated with the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis in individuals of European ancestry. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3403016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Konte
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - JT Walters
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Legge
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - AF Pardiña
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Cohen
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M Pirmohamed
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J Tiihonen
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - AM Hartmann
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - JP Bogers
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - A Putkonen
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - T Hallikainen
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E Silva
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - O Imgimarsson
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E Sigurdsson
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - JL Kennedy
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - G Breen
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - PF Sullivan
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H Stefansson
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - DA Collier
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - MC OʼDonovan
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Maul S, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Rujescu D. Association of a schizophrenia risk variant with memory function. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3403011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Maul
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - B Konte
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - AM Hartmann
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Howrigan DP, Simonson MA, Davies G, Harris SE, Tenesa A, Starr JM, Liewald DC, Deary IJ, McRae A, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Hansell N, Martin NG, Payton A, Horan M, Ollier WE, Abdellaoui A, Boomsma DI, DeRosse P, Knowles EEM, Glahn DC, Djurovic S, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Christoforou A, Steen VM, Hellard SL, Sundet K, Reinvang I, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Giegling I, Konte B, Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Roussos P, Giakoumaki S, Burdick KE, Bitsios P, Donohoe G, Corley RP, Visscher PM, Pendleton N, Malhotra AK, Neale BM, Lencz T, Keller MC. Genome-wide autozygosity is associated with lower general cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:837-43. [PMID: 26390830 PMCID: PMC4803638 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We found that increased levels of autozygosity predicted lower general cognitive ability, and estimate a drop of 0.6 s.d. among the offspring of first cousins (P=0.003-0.02 depending on the model). This effect came predominantly from long and rare autozygous tracts, which theory predicts as more likely to be deleterious than short and common tracts. Association mapping of autozygous tracts did not reveal any specific regions that were predictive beyond chance after correcting for multiple testing genome wide. The observed effect size is consistent with studies of cognitive decline among offspring of known consanguineous relationships. These findings suggest a role for multiple recessive or partially recessive alleles in general cognitive ability, and that alleles decreasing general cognitive ability have been selected against over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M A Simonson
- Division of Data Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A McRae
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M J Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Payton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - W E Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - E E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Djurovic
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Christoforou
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S L Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Sundet
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A J Lundervold
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - P Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - K E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Computational Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science at FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - G Donohoe
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - R P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P M Visscher
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - B M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - M C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Ingason A, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Konte B, Friedl M, Ripke S, Sullivan PF, St. Clair D, Collier DA, O'Donovan MC, Mirnics K, Rujescu D. Expression analysis in a rat psychosis model identifies novel candidate genes validated in a large case-control sample of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e656. [PMID: 26460480 PMCID: PMC4930128 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor induce psychosis in healthy individuals and exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms in patients. In this study we have produced an animal model of NMDA receptor hypofunction by chronically treating rats with low doses of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Subsequently, we performed an expression study and identified 20 genes showing altered expression in the brain of these rats compared with untreated animals. We then explored whether the human orthologs of these genes are associated with schizophrenia in the largest schizophrenia genome-wide association study published to date, and found evidence for association for 4 out of the 20 genes: SF3B1, FOXP1, DLG2 and VGLL4. Interestingly, three of these genes, FOXP1, SF3B1 and DLG2, have previously been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ingason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - J Genius
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - B Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M Friedl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - S Ripke
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D St. Clair
- Department of Mental Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - D A Collier
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - M C O'Donovan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K Mirnics
- Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Julius-Kühn-Strasse 7, Halle 06112, Germany. E-mail:
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He Y, Yu Z, Giegling I, Xie L, Hartmann AM, Prehn C, Adamski J, Kahn R, Li Y, Illig T, Wang-Sattler R, Rujescu D. Schizophrenia shows a unique metabolomics signature in plasma. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e149. [PMID: 22892715 PMCID: PMC3432190 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe complex mental disorder affecting 0.5-1% of the world population. To date, diagnosis of the disease is mainly based on personal and thus subjective interviews. The underlying molecular mechanism of schizophrenia is poorly understood. Using targeted metabolomics we quantified and compared 103 metabolites in plasma samples from 216 healthy controls and 265 schizophrenic patients, including 52 cases that do not take antipsychotic medication. Compared with healthy controls, levels of five metabolites were found significantly altered in schizophrenic patients (P-values ranged from 2.9 × 10(-8) to 2.5 × 10(-4)) and in neuroleptics-free probands (P-values ranging between 0.006 and 0.03), respectively. These metabolites include four amino acids (arginine, glutamine, histidine and ornithine) and one lipid (PC ae C38:6) and are suggested as candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia. To explore the genetic susceptibility on the associated metabolic pathways, we constructed a molecular network connecting these five aberrant metabolites with 13 schizophrenia risk genes. Our result implicated aberrations in biosynthetic pathways linked to glutamine and arginine metabolism and associated signaling pathways as genetic risk factors, which may contribute to patho-mechanisms and memory deficits associated with schizophrenia. This study illustrated that the metabolic deviations detected in plasma may serve as potential biomarkers to aid diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Yu
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - L Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - T Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Wang-Sattler
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Germany
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Konte B, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Konnerth H, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genome wide association study on memory in schizophrenia patients and unaffected healthy volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Konnerth H, Konte B, Friedl M, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Copy number variants in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Schneider B, Maurer K, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genetics of suicidal behaviour. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Friedl M, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Konnerth H, Konte B, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Neuropsychological intermediate phenotypes as tools for genetic studies in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Friedl M, Konnerth H, Konte B, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genome wide association study in schizophrenia and intermediate phenotypes. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Genius J, Schäfer M, Drago A, Dolžan V, Stassen HH, Serretti A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotics: focus on the glutamatergic system. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Mobascher A, Rujescu D, Mittelstraß K, Giegling I, Lamina C, Nitz B, Brenner H, Fehr C, Breitling LP, Gallinat J, Rothenbacher D, Raum E, Müller H, Ruppert A, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Gal A, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Illig T, Dahmen N, Winterer G. Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2) with nicotine addiction. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:684-690. [PMID: 19644963 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the overall risk of developing nicotine addiction, which is the major cause of preventable deaths in western countries. However, knowledge regarding specific polymorphisms influencing smoking phenotypes remains scarce. In the present study we provide evidence that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' untranslated region of CHRM2, the gene coding for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 is associated with nicotine addiction. CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence. A total of more than 5,500 subjects representative of the German population were genotyped and assessed regarding their smoking habits. The impact of three SNPs in CHRM2 on smoking behavior/nicotine addiction was investigated using logistic regression models or a quasi-Poisson regression model, respectively. We found the T allele of SNP rs324650 to be associated with an increased risk of smoking/nicotine dependence according to three different models, the recessive models of regular or heavy smokers vs. never-smokers (odds ratio 1.17 in both analyses) and according to the Fagerström index of nicotine addiction. In the analysis stratified by gender this association was only found in females. Our data provide further evidence that variations in CHRM2 may be associated with the genetic risk of addiction in general or with certain personality traits that predispose to the development of addiction. Alternatively, variations in CHRM2 could modulate presynaptic auto-regulation in cholinergic systems and may thereby affect an individual's response to nicotine more specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Research Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, Helmholtz Research Center, Juelich, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mittelstraß
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Lamina
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Nitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Fehr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L P Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Raum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ruppert
- Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - H J Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gal
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Hamburg Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ch Gieger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H E Wichmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Illig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Research Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, Helmholtz Research Center, Juelich, Germany
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15
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Konte B, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Konnerth H, Muglia P, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genome wide association study on memory in schizophrenia patients and unaffected probands. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Konnerth H, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Neuropsychological intermediate phenotypes as tools for genetic studies in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Schneider B, Schnabel A, Maurer K, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genetics of aggression and impulsiveness as risk factors for suicidal behavior. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, van den Oord E, Rujescu D. Neuroticism as a risk factor for suicidal behavior. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Konte B, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Konnerth H, Muglia P, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genome wide association study on cognitive performance. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Boxleitner M, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genetic association study in schizophrenia and intermediate phenotypes. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Genius J, Schäfer M, Bondy B, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotics using an animal model. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Boxleitner M, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Connecting genomic findings in schizophrenia and intermediate phenotypes. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Konnerth H, Muglia P, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Differentially expressed genes in an animal model of psychosis associated to schizophrenia within a large case-control study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Genius J, Schäfer M, Bondy B, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. A study on pharmacogenetics of haloperidol treatment. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Boxleitner M, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Muglia P, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genetic association study in schizophrenia and intermediate phenotypes. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Konnerth H, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Muglia P, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Neuropsychological endophenotypes as tools for genetic studies in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Konnerth H, Muglia P, Ruppert A, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Members of the forkhead family of transcription factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Schneider B, Thalmeier A, Schnabel A, Maurer K, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Genetics of aggression-related traits as risk factors for suicidal behavior. Pharmacopsychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-991688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Hartmann AM, Richter DA, Schlichting A, Abarzua S, Gerber B, Briese V. Testung von Pflanzenrohextrakten aus Ulmus laevis an humanen Chorionkarzinomzelllinien. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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30
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Giegling I, Goldman D, Zhou Z, Dietrich I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Association of suicidal behavior with the TPH2 gene. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Kastrup N, Genius JJK, Braun I, Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Neurotrophic support and apoptosis in an animal model of psychosis based on chronic NMDA-antagonism. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Braun I, Genius JJK, Kastrup N, Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Ultrastructural alterations of GABAergic interneurons in an animal model of psychosis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Hartmann AM, Genius JJK, Filep L, Räder H, Giegling I, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Identification of schizophrenia genes in an animal model for psychosis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Thalmeier A, Giegling I, Dietrich I, Schneider B, Maurer K, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Strimmer K, Schaefer J, Bratzke H, Schnabel A. Identification of differentially expressed genes in the brains of suicide victims; a microarray analysis study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Rujescu D, Soyka M, Dahmen N, Preuss U, Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Koller G, Bondy B, Möller HJ, Szegedi A. GRIN1 locus may modify the susceptibility to seizures during alcohol withdrawal. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 133B:85-7. [PMID: 15635650 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily, are generally inhibited by alcohol. The expression and alternative splicing of the obligatory NR1 subunit is altered by alcohol exposure, emphasizing the involvement of the NR1 subunit, which is coded by the GRIN1 gene, in alcohol-mediated effects. We performed an association study in patients with alcohol dependence with the GRIN1 locus. Two independent case control samples consisting of a total of 442 alcohol-dependent patients and 442 unrelated controls were included. There was no overall difference in allele or genotype frequency between patients and controls. However, the 2108A allele and A-containing genotypes were over-represented in the patients with a history of withdrawal-induced seizures when compared to healthy volunteers (allele: chi(2) = 5.412, df = 1, P = 0.020) or an independent sample of patients without a history of seizures (allele: chi(2) = 4.185, df = 1, P = 0.041). Age at onset, years of alcohol dependence, and a history of delirium tremens did not differ between genotype or allele groups. These findings support the hypothesis that the GRIN1 locus may modify the susceptibility to seizures during alcohol withdrawal. This novel finding warrants replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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36
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Impler EM, Dahmen N, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Association study of SNPs in G72 and DAAO in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Hartmann AM, Giegling I, Beissbarth T, Dames P, Rujescu D. cDNA arrays analyses in an animal model for psychosis-related traits. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Dames P, Dong-Si T, Dahmen N, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Rujescu D. Association study between the mitochondrial citrate transporter gene, a positional candidate on chromosome 22q, and schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Glatz D, Berendt F, Faltraco F, Hartmann AM, Hampel H, Möller HJ, Riederer P, Rujescu D. Altered expression of tau exon 10, clk2 and htra2-ß in post mortem brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Correlations between general intelligence (g) and brain volume are about 0.40, and the correlation between g and white matter volume has been reported to be largely due to genetic factors. Establishing that the correlation between brain volumes and cognitive abilities is mediated by shared genetic factors is only the first step in unveiling the relation between them. We have recently shown that methionine at codon 129 in the prion protein is associated with white matter reduction in a group of healthy volunteers and schizophrenic patients. The present study examines the influence of the same genetic variation on psychometric cognitive performance measurements in 335 community-based healthy volunteers. The polymorphism was associated with Full Scale IQ (genotype: F=4.38, df=2/317, P=0.013; allele: F=8.04, df=1/658, P=0.005), as measured by HAWIE-R (German version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised). Genotype accounted for 2.7% of the total variability in Full Scale IQ (partial eta2=0.027). An exploratory analysis revealed association with several HAWIE-R subscales; the association with the Digit Symbol subtest remained significant after correction for multiple testing. In summary, we deliver evidence for an association of a common genetic variation in the prion protein gene with cognitive performance. However, independent replications are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rujescu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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41
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Nikolakaki E, Kohen R, Hartmann AM, Stamm S, Georgatsou E, Giannakouros T. Cloning and characterization of an alternatively spliced form of SR protein kinase 1 that interacts specifically with scaffold attachment factor-B. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40175-82. [PMID: 11509566 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104755200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine protein kinases have been conserved throughout evolution and are thought to play important roles in the regulation of mRNA processing, nuclear import, germline development, polyamine transport, and ion homeostasis. Human SRPK1, which was first identified as a kinase specific for the SR family of splicing factors, is located on chromosome 6p21.2-p21.3. We report here the cloning and characterization of SRPK1a, which is encoded by an alternatively processed transcript derived from the SRPK1 gene. SRPK1a contains an insertion of 171 amino acids at its NH(2)-terminal domain and is similar to SRPK1 in substrate specificity and subcellular localization. Moreover, both isoforms can induce alternative splicing of human tau exon 10 in transfected cells. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that the extended NH(2)-terminal domain of SRPK1a interacts with Scaffold Attachment Factor-B, a nuclear scaffold-associated protein. Confirmation of this interaction was provided by in vitro binding assays, as well as by co-immunoprecipitation from 293T cells doubly transfected with SRPK1a and SAF-B. Our studies suggest that different SRPK family members are uniquely regulated and targeted and thus the multiple SRPK kinases present in higher eukaryotes may perform specialized and differentiable functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nikolakaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Chemistry, The Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece.
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Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Giannakouros T, Nikolakaki E, Goedert M, Mandelkow EM, Gao QS, Andreadis A, Stamm S. Regulation of alternative splicing of human tau exon 10 by phosphorylation of splicing factors. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 18:80-90. [PMID: 11461155 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein whose transcript undergoes regulated splicing in the mammalian nervous system. Exon 10 of the gene is an alternatively spliced cassette that is adult-specific and encodes a microtubule-binding domain. Mutations increasing the inclusion of exon 10 result in the production of tau protein which predominantly contains four microtubule-binding repeats and were shown to cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Here we show that exon 10 usage is regulated by CDC2-like kinases CLK1, 2, 3, and 4 that phosphorylate serine-arginine-rich proteins, which in turn regulate pre-mRNA splicing. Cotransfection experiments suggest that CLKs achieve this effect by releasing specific proteins from nuclear storage sites. Our results show that changing pre-mRNA-processing pathways through phosphorylation could be a new therapeutic concept for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, Martinsried, D-82152, Germany
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Stoss O, Olbrich M, Hartmann AM, Konig H, Memmott J, Andreadis A, Stamm S. The STAR/GSG family protein rSLM-2 regulates the selection of alternative splice sites. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:8665-73. [PMID: 11118435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006851200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified the rat Sam68-like mammalian protein (rSLM-2), a member of the STAR (signal transduction and activation of RNA) protein family as a novel splicing regulatory protein. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, coimmunoprecipitations, and pull-down assays, we demonstrate that rSLM-2 interacts with various proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing, among them the serine/arginine-rich protein SRp30c, the splicing-associated factor YT521-B and the scaffold attachment factor B. rSLM-2 can influence the splicing pattern of the CD44v5, human transformer-2beta and tau minigenes in cotransfection experiments. This effect can be reversed by rSLM-2-interacting proteins. Employing rSLM-2 deletion variants, gel mobility shift assays, and linker scan mutations of the CD44 minigene, we show that the rSLM-2-dependent inclusion of exon v5 of the CD44 pre-mRNA is dependent on a short purine-rich sequence. Because the related protein of rSLM-2, Sam68, is believed to play a role as an adapter protein during signal transduction, we postulate that rSLM-2 is a link between signal transduction pathways and pre-mRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stoss
- Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Genetik, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
The characterization of distinct subnuclear domains suggests a dynamic nuclear framework supporting gene expression and DNA replication. Here, we show that the glutamic acid/arginine-rich domain protein YT521-B localizes to a novel subnuclear structure, the YT bodies. YT bodies are dynamic compartments, which first appear at the beginning of S-phase in the cell cycle and disperse during mitosis. Furthermore, in untreated cells of the human cell line MCF7 they were undetectable and appeared only after drug- induced differentiation. YT bodies contain transcriptionally active sites and are in close contact to other subnuclear structures such as speckles and coiled bodies. YT bodies disperse upon actinomycin D treatment, whereas other transcriptional inhibitors such as alpha-amanitin or DRB have little effect. On the basis of our experiments, we propose that YT521-B may participate in the assembly of genes into transcription centers, thereby allowing efficient regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nayler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Hartmann AM, Burleson LE, Holmes AK, Geist CR. Effects of chronic kombucha ingestion on open-field behaviors, longevity, appetitive behaviors, and organs in c57-bl/6 mice: a pilot study. Nutrition 2000; 16:755-61. [PMID: 10978857 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha is a lightly fermented tea beverage popularly consumed as a self-prescribed folk-remedy for numerous ailments. Kombucha is claimed to enhance cognition, aid weight loss, and prolong life. This pilot study reports longevity, general health, and open-field exploratory behavioral outcomes from a 3-y longitudinal study of 64 C57-BL/6 mice (males and females), half of which chronically drank kombucha, and all of which experienced natural mortality. Compared by MANOVA to controls, mice that drank kombucha showed greater vertical exploration (P = 0.001) and a sex-interactive effect in novel object manipulation (P = 0.049). MANOVA of kombucha-drinking mice compared to controls detected differences in appetitive behaviors (food consumption, P < 0.001; beverage consumption, P = 0. 008), and gross body weight (P < 0.001). Appetitive behaviors changed with the addition of voluntary exercise on a running wheel, with differing patterns of change noted for males and females. Both male and female mice who drank kombucha lived longer than controls (P < 0.001), with the greatest variability among the male mice (sex interactive effect, P < 0.001). Comparable effects and mechanisms in humans remain uncertain, as do health safety issues, because serious health problems and fatalities have been reported and attributed to drinking kombucha.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6480, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate influence of brief exposure to images taken from print media on the general self-consciousness and body self-consciousness of 67 college women. After viewing photographs of either thin female models or control photographs, the women completed the Self-consciousness Scale and the Body Self-consciousness Questionnaire. Although alpha was .45, the college women who looked at images of thin female models gave immediate ratings significantly (p < .001) higher on both general Self-consciousness and Body Self-consciousness than those who looked at control images.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Wegner
- University of Alaska Fairbanks 99775-6480, USA
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47
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Abstract
The exact mechanisms leading to alternative splice site selection are still poorly understood. However, recently cotransfection studies in eukaryotic cells were successfully used to decipher contributions of RNA elements (cis-factors), their interacting protein components (trans-factors) or the cell type to alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Splice factors often work in a concentration dependent manner, resulting in a gradual change of alternative splicing patterns of a minigene when the amount of a trans-acting protein is increased by cotransfections. Here, we give a detailed description of this technique that allows analysis of large gene fragments (up to 10-12 kb) under in vivo condition. Furthermore, we provide a summary of 44 genes currently investigated to demonstrate the general feasibility of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stoss
- Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
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48
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Hartmann AM, Nayler O, Schwaiger FW, Obermeier A, Stamm S. The interaction and colocalization of Sam68 with the splicing-associated factor YT521-B in nuclear dots is regulated by the Src family kinase p59(fyn). Mol Biol Cell 1999; 10:3909-26. [PMID: 10564280 PMCID: PMC25688 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.10.11.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing patterns can change an extracellular stimulus, but the signaling pathways leading to these changes are still poorly characterized. Here, we describe a tyrosine-phosphorylated nuclear protein, YT521-B, and show that it interacts with the nuclear transcriptosomal component scaffold attachment factor B, and the 68-kDa Src substrate associated during mitosis, Sam68. Northern blot analysis demonstrated ubiquitous expression, but detailed RNA in situ analysis revealed cell type specificity in the brain. YT521-B protein is localized in the nucleoplasm and concentrated in 5-20 large nuclear dots. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the formation of these dots depends on the presence of the amino-terminal glutamic acid-rich domain and the carboxyl-terminal glutamic acid/arginine-rich region. We show that the latter comprises an important protein-protein interaction domain. The Src family kinase p59(fyn)-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 negatively regulates its association with YT521-B, and overexpression of p59(fyn) dissolves nuclear dots containing YT521-B. In vivo splicing assays demonstrated that YT521-B modulates alternative splice site selection in a concentration-dependent manner. Together, our data indicate that YT521-B and Sam68 may be part of a signal transduction pathway that influences splice site selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institut of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Nayler O, Strätling W, Bourquin JP, Stagljar I, Lindemann L, Jasper H, Hartmann AM, Fackelmayer FO, Ullrich A, Stamm S. SAF-B protein couples transcription and pre-mRNA splicing to SAR/MAR elements. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:3542-9. [PMID: 9671816 PMCID: PMC147731 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.15.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interphase chromatin is arranged into topologically separated domains comprising gene expression and replication units through genomic sequence elements, so-called MAR or SAR regions (for matrix- or scaffold-associating regions). S/MAR regions are located near the boundaries of actively transcribed genes and were shown to influence their activity. We show that scaffold attachment factor B (SAF-B), which specifically binds to S/MAR regions, interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) and a subset of serine-/arginine-rich RNA processing factors (SR proteins). SAF-B localized to the nucleus in a speckled pattern that coincided with the distribution of the SR protein SC35. Furthermore, we show that overexpressed SAF-B induced an increase of the 10S splice product using an E1A reporter gene and repressed the activity of an S/MAR flanked CAT reporter gene construct in vivo . This indicates an association of SAF-B with SR proteins and components of the transcription machinery. Our results describe the coupling of a chromatin organizing S/MAR element with transcription and pre-mRNA processing components and we propose that SAF-B serves as a molecular base to assemble a 'transcriptosome complex' in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nayler
- Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology and Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18a,D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Abstract
Using the yeast two hybrid system, we isolated a rat cDNA (E3-3) coding for a new protein with no homology to any other protein in the database. E3-3 is ubiquitously expressed. Variants that most likely arise through alternative splicing encode truncated forms of the protein. Testis is the only tissue that predominantly expresses the longest protein variant. When this variant is tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein, the protein is located in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hartmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Planegg Martinsried, Germany
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