1
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Ravina A. Initiating insulin in type 2 diabetes. Isr Med Assoc J 2004; 6:787. [PMID: 15609901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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2
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Ravina A, Slezak S. Diuretics vs. ACE inhibitors. Isr Med Assoc J 2003; 5:759. [PMID: 14719483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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3
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Abstract
AIMS To determine if the stress of corticosteroid treatment increases chromium (Cr) losses and if corticosteroid-induced diabetes (steroid diabetes) can be reversed by supplemental chromium. METHODS The effects of corticosteroid treatment on chromium losses of 13 patients 2 days prior to steroid administration and the first 3 days following treatment were determined. Since steroid-induced diabetes was associated with increased chromium losses and insufficient dietary chromium is associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes, we treated three patients with steroid-induced diabetes with 600 microg per day of chromium as chromium picolinate. RESULTS Urinary chromium losses following corticosteroid treatment increased from 155+/-28 ng/d before corticosteroid treatment to 244+/-33 ng/d in the first 3 days following treatment. Chromium supplementation of patients with steroid-induced diabetes resulted in decreases in fasting blood glucose values from greater than 13.9 mmol/l (250 mg/dl) to less than 8.3 mmol/l (150 mg/dl). Hypoglycaemic drugs were also reduced 50% in all patients when given supplemental chromium. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that corticosteroid treatment increases chromium losses and that steroid-induced diabetes can be reversed by chromium supplementation. Follow-up, double-blind studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Department of Diabetes, The Linn Clinic, Oranim University of Haifa, Israel
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4
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Abstract
CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor superfamily, whose ligand (CD30L) has been identified on B cells, activated macrophages and a subset of activated T cells. We show here that infection in vitro with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of CD4+ T-cell clones generated from HIV-seronegative individuals can enhance the expression of CD30, which often preceeds and is associated with the death of clonal T cells. Furthermore, cross-linking CD30 with an agonistic CD30-specific monoclonal antibody potentiated HIV replication induced by an insolubilized anti-CD3 antibody in T-cell lines generated from HIV-infected individuals. More importantly, paraformaldehyde-fixed CD8+ T-cell clones expressing CD30L enhanced HIV replication in anti-CD3-stimulated allogeneic or autologous HIV-infected CD4+ T-cell lines and such a potentiating effect was inhibited by an anti-CD30L antibody. The anti-CD30L antibody also exerted a suppressive effect on the spontaneous HIV replication occurring in lymph node cells, freshly derived from an HIV-seropositive patient showing CD30 expression in B cells and in a proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Thus, CD30 triggering may play an important role in both HIV replication and the death of HIV-infected CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Romagnani
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Immunoallergology, University of Florence, Italy
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5
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Ravina A, Ficarra G, Chiodo M, Mazzetti M, Romagnani S. Relationship of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes and p24 antigenemia to the risk of developing AIDS in HIV-infected subjects with oral hairy leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 1996; 25:108-11. [PMID: 9148036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes and p24 antigenemia to the development of AIDS in HIV-infected subjects with hairy leukoplakia (HL), we have followed over eight years 173 HIV-positive patients, all asymptomatic at the start of the study, and compared those who developed HL (n=55) to those who did not (n=118). Both groups included injection drug users (IDUs), homosexual men, and hemophiliacs. At the time of their first visit, both HL+ and HL- patients had a normal value of CD4+ cells and a low frequency of p24 antigenemia. During the years of follow-up, patients in the HL+ group showed a greater reduction in CD4+ cells, a significant increase in p24 antigenemia, and a higher rate of progression to AIDS. Our study demonstrates that in HIV-positive patients, HL is associated with more compromised immunological parameters and a higher viral replication and that its appearance has a negative prognostic value in relation to AIDS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Polyclinic of Careggi, Florence, Italy
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6
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Ravina A. Insulin-dependent diabetes of pregnancy treated with the combination of sulfonylurea and insulin. Isr J Med Sci 1995; 31:623-5. [PMID: 7591687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Diabetic Unit, Linn Clinic, Haifa, Israel
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7
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Maggi E, Annunziato F, Manetti R, Biagiotti R, Giudizi MG, Ravina A, Almerigogna F, Boiani N, Alderson M, Romagnani S. Activation of HIV expression by CD30 triggering in CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals. Immunity 1995; 3:251-5. [PMID: 7648397 DOI: 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, preferentially expressed by T cells producing type 2 helper (Th2) cytokines, whose ligand (CD30L) has been identified on B cells, activated macrophages, and a subset of activated T cells. We show here that cross-linking CD30 with an agonistic CD30-specific monoclonal antibody, as well as with CD30L+ CD8+ T cell clones or CD30L+ B cells, enhanced HIV replication in CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals, and such a potentiating effect was inhibited by anti-CD30L antibody. The anti-CD30L antibody also exerted a suppressive effect on spontaneous HIV replication occurring in lymph node cells from an HIV-sero-positive patient, showing CD30L expression by both B and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Thus, CD30 triggering by CD30L-expressing cells may plan an important role in the activation of HIV expression from latently infected CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggi
- Istituto di Clinica Medica 3, University of Florence, Italy
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8
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Saccardi A, Bacci S, Romagnoli P, Ravina A, Ficarra G. Cowden's syndrome: a case report with clinical, histopathologic and immunological studies. Minerva Stomatol 1994; 43:417-22. [PMID: 7816016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cowden's syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterised by multiple hamartomas of the gastrointestinal tract and cancer of the breast and thyroid. We present a patient with multiple papillomatous lesions of the hard palate, facial papules, and a history of breast cancer and papillomas of the uterine cavity. We also report the results of light and electron microscopy of the palatal lesions and immunological studies of patient's T-lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saccardi
- Department of Stomatology, University of Florence
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9
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Romagnani S, Del Prete G, Manetti R, Ravina A, Annunziato F, De Carli M, Mazzetti M, Piccinni MP, D'Elios MM, Parronchi P. Role of TH1/TH2 cytokines in HIV infection. Immunol Rev 1994; 140:73-92. [PMID: 7821929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Different experimental approaches were used to prove or disprove the "TH1/TH2 switch theory" of HIV-infection. No increase, or even a decrease, in the production of TH2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) by either bulk circulating mononuclear cells or CD4+ T-cell clones generated by PHA stimulation of single T cells from HIV-infected individuals in all stages of disease compared to HIV-negative donors was observed. However, enhanced proportions of CD4+ T-cell clones able to produce both TH1-type and TH2-type cytokines (TH0 clones) were derived from either skin-infiltrating, in vivo-activated, T cells or in vitro antigen-stimulated peripheral blood T cells of HIV-infected individuals. Of note, TH1, TH2 and TH0 clones obtained from HIV-seronegative healthy donors showed different ability to support viral replication after infection with HIV in vitro. All TH2 and most TH0 clones supported HIV replication efficiently, whereas TH1 clones did not. These results suggest preferential HIV replication in T cells producing TH2-type cytokines rather than TH1/TH2 switch in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Romagnani
- Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, University of Florence, Italy
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10
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Maggi E, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Annunziato F, de Carli M, Piccinni MP, Manetti R, Carbonari M, Pesce AM, del Prete G. Ability of HIV to promote a TH1 to TH0 shift and to replicate preferentially in TH2 and TH0 cells. Science 1994; 265:244-8. [PMID: 8023142 DOI: 10.1126/science.8023142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Both interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by T helper 1 (TH1) lymphocytes and interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced by TH2 lymphocytes were reduced in either bulk circulating mononuclear cells or mitogen-induced CD4+ T cell clones from the peripheral blood of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There was a preferential reduction in clones producing IL-4 and IL-5 in the advanced phases of infection. However, enhanced proportions of CD4+ T cell clones producing both TH1-type and TH2-type cytokines (TH0 clones) were generated from either skin-infiltrating T cells that had been activated in vivo or peripheral blood T cells stimulated by antigen in vitro when cells were isolated from HIV-infected individuals. All TH2 and most TH0 clones supported viral replication, although viral replication was not detected in any of the TH1 clones infected in vitro with HIV. These results suggest that HIV (i) does not induce a definite TH1 to TH2 switch, but can favor a shift to the TH0 phenotype in response to recall antigens, and (ii) preferentially replicates in CD4+ T cells producing TH2-type cytokines (TH2 and TH0).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Florence, Italy
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11
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Ravina A. [Effects of corticosteroids on the metabolism of the trace element chromium]. Harefuah 1994; 126:105-6. [PMID: 8144079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Ravina A, Slezack L. [Chromium in the treatment of clinical diabetes mellitus]. Harefuah 1993; 125:142-5, 191. [PMID: 8225092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The trace element chromium (Cr, tri-valent) is described in textbooks as indispensable in carbohydrate metabolism, but there have been no indications as to how to administer it and in which cases it might be helpful. We gave 243 diabetic patients Cr (200 mcg/d) to study its effect on blood glucose balance. 105 were Type 1 (IDDM) and 138 Type 2 (NIDDM). Cr reduced insulin, sulfonylurea or metformin requirements in 115 patients. The success rate was greater in those with NIDDM (57.2%) than in those with IDDM (33.6%). More women, of either type, reacted than men (62.5 vs 50% in NIDDM and 37.6 vs 28.6% in IDDM). A placebo was ineffective. We have not found any clinical signs indicating which patients might benefit from Cr. However, the IV insulin-responsiveness test might help detect patients who might benefit from addition of Cr to their food. Patients given the Cr supplement were told to reduce their usual dose of hypoglycemic agent to avoid hypoglycemia, and to increase the dose should their glycemia increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Dept. of Nephrology, Carmel Hospital, Haifa
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13
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Macchia D, Almerigogna F, Parronchi P, Ravina A, Maggi E, Romagnani S. Membrane tumour necrosis factor-alpha is involved in the polyclonal B-cell activation induced by HIV-infected human T cells. Nature 1993; 363:464-6. [PMID: 7684824 DOI: 10.1038/363464a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infection of CD4+ T cells by human immune deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) causes severe dysfunction of cellular immunity, but paradoxically results in intense polyclonal activation of B cells, possibly accounting for both hypergammaglobulinaemia and frequent development of B-cell malignancies seen in HIV-infected patients. We have reported that human CD4+ T-cell clones infected with HIV in vitro markedly stimulate immunoglobulin synthesis by B cells through a non-cognate, contact-dependent mechanism. We show here that HIV-infected T-cell clones do not express the CD40 ligand (CD40L), a molecule critical for non-cognate B-cell activation, but a small proportion of them do express membrane tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The ability of HIV-infected T-cell clones to induce polyclonal B-cell activation appears to be restricted to TNF-alpha-positive T blasts and is inhibited by antibodies against both TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor. Freshly isolated CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected individuals express TNF-alpha on the cell membrane and induce TNF-alpha-mediated immunoglobulin production by B cells. Thus, membrane TNF-alpha seems to be involved in the polyclonal B-cell activation induced by HIV-infected T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Macchia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Florence, Italy
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14
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Ficarra G, Miliani A, Adler-Storthz K, Woods-Francis K, Del Mistro A, de Rossi A, Riccardi R, Ravina A, De Maio E. Recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and hairy leukoplakia: an early sign of myelodysplastic syndrome in an HIV-seronegative patient. J Oral Pathol Med 1991; 20:398-402. [PMID: 1658314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1991.tb00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) has been observed in all risk groups seropositive for HIV infection. Recently, this lesion has also been described in HIV-seronegative patients with immunosuppression of iatrogenic origin. We report on a HIV-1 and HIV-2 seronegative, heterosexual man affected by refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (myelodysplastic syndrome), who developed recurrent oral condylomata acuminata and OHL as an early clinical manifestation. The diagnosis of OHL was confirmed by identifying Epstein-Barr viral particles by electron microscopy and by in situ DNA hybridization. HIV infection was ruled out using polymerase chain reaction and testing for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ficarra
- Institute of Odontology and Stomatology, University of Florence, Italy
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15
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Macchia D, Parronchi P, Piccinni MP, Simonelli C, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Milo D, Maggi E, Romagnani S. In vitro infection with HIV enables human CD4+ T cell clones to induce noncognate contact-dependent polyclonal B cell activation. J Immunol 1991; 146:3413-8. [PMID: 1673984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eleven (nine CD4+ and two CD8+) protein purified derivative-specific and eight tetanus toxoid-specific T cell clones (TCC), established from the peripheral blood of healthy persons, were cocultured in vitro with irradiated mononuclear cells from patients infected by HIV in the presence of PHA and polybrene. Two weeks post-HIV exposure, all 17 CD4+, but neither of the two CD8+, TCC exhibited integration of HIV in their genoma, as detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis, and released HIV into their supernatants, as detected by measuring both reverse transcriptase activity and p24 Ag. When co-cultured with either autologous or allogeneic B cells, all CD4+ HIV-infected TCC induced the synthesis of extraordinarily high amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA. In contrast, their noninfected counterparts could provide helper function for Ig synthesis by autologous B cells only in the presence of the specific Ag (or anti-CD3 antibody), and induced allogeneic B cells to synthesize Ig only upon stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody. The supernatants of HIV-infected TCC failed to stimulate Ig synthesis in B cells. More importantly, when HIV-infected clonal T blasts and B cells were cultured in different chambers separated by a millipore membrane, permeable to molecules but not to cells, Ig synthesis did not occur. The Ig synthesis induced by HIV-infected TCC was also markedly inhibited by the addition in culture of either anti-CD4 or anti-LFA-1 antibody. In contrast, HIV-infected TCC maintained their ability to provide helper function for Ig synthesis in the absence of any stimulus, even after fixation with p-formaldehyde. These data demonstrate that in vitro infection with HIV enables human T cells to stimulate Ig synthesis by B cells by an Ag-nonspecific, MHC-unrestricted, contact-dependent mechanism. This may explain, at least in part, the hypergammaglobulinemia and other phenomena related to polyclonal B cell activation frequently seen in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Macchia
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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16
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Macchia D, Parronchi P, Piccinni MP, Simonelli C, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Milo D, Maggi E, Romagnani S. In vitro infection with HIV enables human CD4+ T cell clones to induce noncognate contact-dependent polyclonal B cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 1991. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.146.10.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Eleven (nine CD4+ and two CD8+) protein purified derivative-specific and eight tetanus toxoid-specific T cell clones (TCC), established from the peripheral blood of healthy persons, were cocultured in vitro with irradiated mononuclear cells from patients infected by HIV in the presence of PHA and polybrene. Two weeks post-HIV exposure, all 17 CD4+, but neither of the two CD8+, TCC exhibited integration of HIV in their genoma, as detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis, and released HIV into their supernatants, as detected by measuring both reverse transcriptase activity and p24 Ag. When co-cultured with either autologous or allogeneic B cells, all CD4+ HIV-infected TCC induced the synthesis of extraordinarily high amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA. In contrast, their noninfected counterparts could provide helper function for Ig synthesis by autologous B cells only in the presence of the specific Ag (or anti-CD3 antibody), and induced allogeneic B cells to synthesize Ig only upon stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody. The supernatants of HIV-infected TCC failed to stimulate Ig synthesis in B cells. More importantly, when HIV-infected clonal T blasts and B cells were cultured in different chambers separated by a millipore membrane, permeable to molecules but not to cells, Ig synthesis did not occur. The Ig synthesis induced by HIV-infected TCC was also markedly inhibited by the addition in culture of either anti-CD4 or anti-LFA-1 antibody. In contrast, HIV-infected TCC maintained their ability to provide helper function for Ig synthesis in the absence of any stimulus, even after fixation with p-formaldehyde. These data demonstrate that in vitro infection with HIV enables human T cells to stimulate Ig synthesis by B cells by an Ag-nonspecific, MHC-unrestricted, contact-dependent mechanism. This may explain, at least in part, the hypergammaglobulinemia and other phenomena related to polyclonal B cell activation frequently seen in HIV-infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Macchia
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - P Parronchi
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - M P Piccinni
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - C Simonelli
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - M Mazzetti
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - A Ravina
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - D Milo
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - E Maggi
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - S Romagnani
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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17
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Ravina A, Shreibman I, Gershin M, Minuchin O. [Determination of pancreatic size by ultrasound in diabetics]. Harefuah 1991; 120:373-4. [PMID: 1879783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Determination of pancreatic size by ultrasound in diabetics showed that the pancreas is smallest in Type 1 (IDDM) diabetes (7.15 +/- 0.55 cm), larger in Type 2 (9.71 +/- 0.81 cm), but significantly greater in nondiabetics (15.17 +/- 0.79 cm). In 10/12 patients referred because of reactive hypoglycemia there was insulin-resistance and the pancreas was smaller than 8 cm. There was no correlation between pancreatic size and duration of diabetes, body size, or body mass index. More normal controls of various ages are needed for definitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Linn Clinic, Haifa Diabetes Dept
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18
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Ravina A. [What or who is the cause of diabetes mellitus? Implication of stress in the detection of diabetes]. Harefuah 1991; 120:41-3. [PMID: 2010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Macchia D, Simonelli C, Parronchi P, Piccinni MP, Biswas P, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Maggi E, Romagnani S. In vitro infection with HIV of antigen-specific T cell clones derived from HIV-seronegative individuals. Effects on cytokine production and helper function. Ric Clin Lab 1991; 21:85-90. [PMID: 1714099 DOI: 10.1007/bf02919116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three human T cell clones (TCC) specific for purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were incubated in the presence of polybrene and phytohemagglutinin with irradiated mononuclear cells from one individual exhibiting seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and high levels of circulating p24 antigen. After three weeks, TCC showed HIV integration in their DNA, as shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis and Southern blot technique. All the three HIV-infected TCC maintained their ability to recognize the specific antigen, even if their proliferative ability was reduced. The ability of the HIV-infected TCC to produce IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in response to phorbol myristate acetate plus anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was decreased, whereas their ability to produce TNF-alpha was unaffected or even enhanced. Two out of the three HIV-infected TCC showed the ability to provide helper function for polyclonal immunoglobulin production when cocultured with autologous B cells in the absence of any stimulant. These data suggest that in vitro infection of normal human TCC may provide a useful model for the study of immunological alterations induced by HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Macchia
- Istituto di Clinica Medica III, Università degli Studi di Firenze
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20
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Ravina A, Minuchin O. [Bedtime administration of metformin may reduce insulin requirements]. Harefuah 1990; 119:200-3. [PMID: 2258095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The administration of metformin, as glucophage retard, at bedtime instead of supper time may improve diabetes control by reducing morning hyperglycemia. This modification of glucophage treatment was tried in 3 groups of diabetic patients: I. those with secondary failure of routine treatment with sulfonylurea (SU) and glucophage; II. those with combined SU and bedtime insulin; III. Type 1 patients with early morning hypoglycemia. The first 3 months of observation in 258 patients showed that 136 (52.7%) reacted very well to the change. In Group I the addition of insulin to SU could be postponed. In Group II, night insulin could be reduced or eliminated. In Group III, evening or night insulin could be reduced by up to 70%. There was no early morning hypoglycemia nor morning hyperglycemia. The success rate in the 2 Type 2 groups was better (72% and 60%) than in the Type 1 group (34%). 30 patients (11.6%) had to stop the treatment because of side effects of the glucophage (mainly diarrhea or nausea). So far, we have found no clinical signs that might indicate which patients might benefit from this modification of treatment. A fasting blood sugar done within 2-3 days after the change in treatment may immediately indicate whether the new treatment is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravina
- Diabetes Dept., Linn Central Clinic, Haifa
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21
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Ravina A. Management of plantar ulcers. Diabet Med 1990; 7:465. [PMID: 2142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Ravina A, Ben Ari J. [Insulin as a factor in the etiology of essential hypertension]. Harefuah 1989; 116:123-5. [PMID: 2651243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Maggi E, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Simonelli C, Parronchi P, Macchia D, Biswas P, Di Pietro M, Romagnani S. Increased production of IgE protein and IgE antibodies specific for fungal antigens in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ric Clin Lab 1989; 19:45-9. [PMID: 2762730 DOI: 10.1007/bf02871791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Levels of IgE protein and IgE antibodies specific for 8 different allergenic extracts were measured in the serum of a large series of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in HIV-seronegative subjects belonging to the same risk groups (intravenous drug-users, homosexual men and hemophiliacs). The proportion of subjects showing elevated IgE levels was higher among HIV-infected patients with group IV disease than among HIV-infected patients with group II-III diseases or seronegative individuals. In addition, many HIV-infected patients with elevated IgE levels showed the presence in their serum of IgE antibodies specific for fungal antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggi
- Istituto di Clinica Medica 3, Università degli Studi di Firenze
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24
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Ravina A. [The nurse's role in the follow-up of the diabetic patients]. Harefuah 1988; 114:256-7. [PMID: 3366408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Maggi E, Macchia D, Parronchi P, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Milo D, Romagnani S. Reduced production of interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma and enhanced helper activity for IgG synthesis by cloned CD4+ T cells from patients with AIDS. Eur J Immunol 1987; 17:1685-90. [PMID: 2961571 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830171202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purified T lymphocytes (E rosetting cells) isolated from peripheral blood (PB) of four patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were cloned under culture conditions (phytohemagglutinin plus interleukin 2) which allow clonal expansion of most T lymphocytes. A total number of 101 T cell clones (37 CD4+ and 64 CD8+) from PB of AIDS patients and of 188 T cell clones (115 CD4+ and 73 CD8+) from PB of four normal controls were obtained and tested for their helper function as well as for their capacity to release lymphokines. Unstimulated CD4+ TCC from patients with AIDS showed enhanced helper function for IgG synthesis in vitro in both autologous and normal allogeneic B cells in comparison to clonable CD4+ T cells of normal donors. Such activity was further potentiated by addition to the cell cultures of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. The majority of CD4+ T cell clones from AIDS patients showed a reduced ability to produce interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma in response to activation with phytohemagglutinin. However, most of them released greater amounts of soluble factor(s) able to promote B cell proliferation of anti-IgM-activated normal B cells and to induce the differentiation of normal B lymphocytes into IgG-secreting cells. These data demonstrate that most surviving CD4+ T cells in PB of patients with AIDS belong to a T cell subset producing B cell growth and differentiation factors, which may contribute to the B cell hyperactivation seen in AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maggi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Florence, Italy
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26
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Ravina A, Minuchin O. [Combined insulin-sulfonylurea in type II diabetes mellitus--an update]. Harefuah 1987; 113:285-7. [PMID: 3326798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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De Majo E, Ravina A, Ricciarelli L, Parri F, Mazzetti M, Di Pietro M, Colao MG, Milo D, Romagnani S. Screening and confirmatory tests for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus in individuals at risk for AIDS. Ric Clin Lab 1986; 16:489-94. [PMID: 3544160 DOI: 10.1007/bf02886745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of specific antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus was investigated during 1985 in a large group of subjects at risk for AIDS living in the Florence area. Two hundred and thirty-two of 774 (29.9%) intravenous drug users (IDU), 40 of 164 homosexuals (24.3%), 43 of 147 hemophiliacs (29.2%), 7 of 10 children born from IDU mothers and 4 of 88 heterosexual partners of IDU were found to be seropositive using different ELISA kits. The positivity in all serum samples showing low antibody titres and/or discordant results with different sandwich ELISA kits was confirmed by a competition ELISA assay and the Western blot technique. Serum samples from 4 of 210 hemodialyzed and from one of 17 polytransfused patients also showed positive reactions in the assays based on the sandwich principle, but gave negative results in both the competition ELISA assay and the Western blot technique. In addition, all these sera showed positive reactions using immunofluorescence and ELISA procedures that control for reactivity with H9 human cell line material used for culturing the HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus. These data demonstrate that exposure to HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus is widespread in groups of subjects at risk for AIDS living in the Florence area. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest that, in addition to the Western blot technique, the competition ELISA assay as well as assays that control reactivity with H9 human cell line material may be of value for detecting false positive reactions due to antibody cross-reactive with human cellular components.
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Ravina A, Minuhin O. [Combined insulin and sulfonylurea treatment in diabetes mellitus]. Harefuah 1986; 110:11-4. [PMID: 3514394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Cocchi P, Ravina A, Pierro U, Paradiso M. Ascorbic acid levels in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of pregnant women, neonates and their mothers. Haematologica 1985; 70:263-5. [PMID: 3932160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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30
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Ravina A. [The various insulins and their use]. Harefuah 1984; 106:188-90. [PMID: 6373520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Ravina A, Abramowitz H. [Congenital abnormalities and diabetes]. Harefuah 1984; 106:43-45. [PMID: 6714837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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32
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Ravina A, Minuchin O, Kehrmann H. A simple, disposable, hyperbaric oxygen device for the treatment of wounds. Isr J Med Sci 1983; 19:845-7. [PMID: 6643025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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33
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Cocchi P, Silenzi M, Ravina A. Neutrophil viability in Down's syndrome. JAMA 1978; 240:737. [PMID: 149866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Ravina A. [Zinc in clinical medicine]. Harefuah 1978; 94:33-4. [PMID: 640505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Cocchi P, Ravina A, Pierro U. [Vitality of the circulating leukocytes in the neonatal period]. Minerva Pediatr 1977; 29:2319-24. [PMID: 604766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Cocchi P, Ravina A, Pierro U. Leukocyte viability in the neonate. J Pediatr 1977; 91:503-4. [PMID: 894430 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(77)81336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Ravina A. [Ambulatory nursing of diabetes mellitus]. Ahot Beyisrael 1976; 24:18-20. [PMID: 1051905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Ravina A, Kain T. [Chlorpropamide, thiazides and congestive heart failure]. Harefuah 1974; 86:192-3. [PMID: 4208126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Ravina A. [BO 725: a new important step in the treatment of infectious diseases]. Therapeutique 1973; 49:451-8. [PMID: 4595357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Haim S, Friedman-Birnbaum R, Haim N, Shafrir A, Ravina A. Carbohydrate tolerance in patients with granuloma annulare. Study of fifty-two cases. Br J Dermatol 1973; 88:447-51. [PMID: 4715121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb15448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Cocchi P, Mori S, Ravina A. Myeloperoxidase-deficient leucocytes in streptococcal infections. Helv Paediatr Acta 1973; 28:79-85. [PMID: 4121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Bramanti G, Ravina A, De Fina V. [Preservability of rat serum in delayed determinations of some hematochemical parameters]. Boll Chim Farm 1972; 111:694-9. [PMID: 4655672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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44
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Becciolini A, Ravina A, Arganini L, Castagnoli P, Giuli GD. Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Enzymes of the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats at Different Time Intervals after Abdominal Irradiation. Radiat Res 1972. [DOI: 10.2307/3573385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Becciolini A, Ravina A, Arganini L, Castagnoli P, De Giuli G. Effect of ionizing radiation on the enzymes of the intestinal mucosa of rats at different time intervals after abdominal irradiation. Radiat Res 1972; 49:213-25. [PMID: 5009144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Cocchi P, Mori S, Ravina A. Effect of oxygen on a stimulated N.B.T. test. Lancet 1971; 2:823-4. [PMID: 4106646 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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Ravina A. [Effect of baths with chlorinated diphenol in newborns]. Presse Med (1893) 1971; 79:633. [PMID: 4994848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Ravina A. [Modern man and nature]. Presse Med (1893) 1971; 79:533-6. [PMID: 5102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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Ravina A, Ravina JH. [The prostaglandins. Has the year 1970 seen the birth of a miracle drug?]. Presse Med (1893) 1971; 79:139-40. [PMID: 5540290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Ravina A. [Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot (1886-1970)]. Presse Med (1893) 1970; 78:2438-40. [PMID: 4923117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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