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Sichimba F, Janlöv AC, Khalaf A. Family caregivers' perspectives of cultural beliefs and practices towards mental illness in Zambia: an interview-based qualitative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21388. [PMID: 36496509 PMCID: PMC9736699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many elements of mental illness, including accessibility and utilization of mental health care, are influenced by societal cultural ideas. In Zambia, for example, traditional healers are not recognized, yet a large segment of the population continues to use their services due to their conviction. Despite this, studies on cultural beliefs and practices regarding mental illness in Zambia are scarce. Thus, this study is contextualized in Lusaka, Zambia, with the goal of filling a gap in the knowledge by exploring the cultural beliefs and practices surrounding mental illness as experienced by family caregivers caring for a next-of-kin with mental illness. Using a qualitative exploratory design, a purposeful sample of 15 family caregivers of next-of-kins diagnosed with mental illness were recruited. Data were collected via individual interviews, and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The analysis revealed four main themes: (1) prevailing beliefs on cause of mental illness; (2) encountering social support and neglect; (3) recognizing the need of professional help; and (4) seeking culturally influenced help. Findings show that traditional attributions (for example, being bewitched, demon possession and sexual relations with uncleansed widows) are deeply embedded in beliefs and descriptions of what causes mental illness. These beliefs were found to influence not only help-seeking practices but also how people perceived and related to families. Given that beliefs influence caregiver help-seeking, these findings have implications for culturally sensitive practice. The study recommends that public health practitioners consider cultural beliefs and practices when developing health promotion programs, and public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sichimba
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A-C Janlöv
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - A Khalaf
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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Al Hashmi I, Al-Noumani H, Alaloul F, Murthi S, Khalaf A. Translation and psychometric validation of the Arabic version of Summary of the Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) among pregnant women with gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:563. [PMID: 35836150 PMCID: PMC9284767 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose There is a lack of validated tools to assess adherence to gestational diabetes (GDM) management plan among women with GDM. This study aimed to translate the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activity (SDSCA) into Arabic, culturally adapt it, and test its psychometric properties among women with GDM. Methods A multiphase study was used to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of SDSCA using the following steps: (1) cultural and linguistic validation; (2) content and face validity testing; (3) construct validity testing; and (4) internal validity testing. Nineghty pregnant women with GDM were recruited to meet the purpose of this study. Results The Arabic version of the adapted SDSCA tool revealed adequate content validity, satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.74), and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient = .67). Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors that fit data satisfactory: diet, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. Conclusions This study showed that the adapted Arabic SDSCA tool is an easy, valid, and reliable tool to assess pregnant women’s adherence to GDM management plan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04897-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Al Hashmi
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - H Al-Noumani
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - F Alaloul
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Murthi
- Oman Medical Speciality Board, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, SE-291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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Al-Rawajfah OM, Al Hadid L, Madhavanprabhakaran GK, Francis F, Khalaf A. Predictors of effective clinical teaching - nursing educators' perspective. BMC Nurs 2022. [PMID: 35255923 DOI: 10.1189/s12912-022-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical teaching is the core component of the nursing curriculum, the alarming pandemic rates brought uncertainty to clinical teaching, weighing the safety of patients, students, and faculty, which demanded essential modification in clinical teaching and resulted in challenges in relation to effective response to clinical teaching requirements. This study aimed to assess the effective clinical teaching from the nurse educators' perspective during the remote teaching that followed the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study is a national Web-based descriptive study. Participants were recruited from five major Nursing Colleges in Oman. Descriptive and inferential as well as multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 127 nurse educators completed the survey with mean age of 43.9 (SD = 6.9) years. The overall effective clinical teaching score was 54.4 (SD = 10.9) which is considered acceptable, although the nurse educators in Oman reported the highest score on the safety dimension of the effective clinical teaching. Furthermore, females, doctoral prepared nurse educators, and those who acted as preceptors reported higher effective clinical teaching levels compared to their counterparts. The regression analysis showed that age, gender, and attending infection control training are significant predictors of effective clinical teaching. CONCLUSION The paradigm shift in clinical teaching requires adequate measures including identification and appropriate training of clinical instructors and preceptors to meet clinical teaching demands in remote teaching. It is also important to take actions that promote and maintain the safety prioritization in bedside clinical teaching. These measures might positively impact on the nursing education process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Al-Rawajfah
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - L Al Hadid
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | | | - F Francis
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, SE-291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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Al-Rawajfah OM, Al Hadid L, Madhavanprabhakaran GK, Francis F, Khalaf A. Predictors of effective clinical teaching - nursing educators' perspective. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:55. [PMID: 35255923 PMCID: PMC8900108 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical teaching is the core component of the nursing curriculum, the alarming pandemic rates brought uncertainty to clinical teaching, weighing the safety of patients, students, and faculty, which demanded essential modification in clinical teaching and resulted in challenges in relation to effective response to clinical teaching requirements. This study aimed to assess the effective clinical teaching from the nurse educators' perspective during the remote teaching that followed the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study is a national Web-based descriptive study. Participants were recruited from five major Nursing Colleges in Oman. Descriptive and inferential as well as multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 127 nurse educators completed the survey with mean age of 43.9 (SD = 6.9) years. The overall effective clinical teaching score was 54.4 (SD = 10.9) which is considered acceptable, although the nurse educators in Oman reported the highest score on the safety dimension of the effective clinical teaching. Furthermore, females, doctoral prepared nurse educators, and those who acted as preceptors reported higher effective clinical teaching levels compared to their counterparts. The regression analysis showed that age, gender, and attending infection control training are significant predictors of effective clinical teaching. CONCLUSION The paradigm shift in clinical teaching requires adequate measures including identification and appropriate training of clinical instructors and preceptors to meet clinical teaching demands in remote teaching. It is also important to take actions that promote and maintain the safety prioritization in bedside clinical teaching. These measures might positively impact on the nursing education process.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Al-Rawajfah
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - L Al Hadid
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | | | - F Francis
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Khalaf
- College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 66, Al Khoud, Muscat, Oman. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Elmetorpsvägen 15, SE-291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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Abstract
The potential and the density profile of the QCD flux-tube are investigated within the framework of the Luscher-Weisz (LW) string action with two boundary terms. The Numerical simulations involve 4D SU(3) Yang-Mills LGT at finite temperature. In general, we detect signatures of the two boundary terms considered in the LWstring action. Near the end of QCD Plateau, the LW string is yielding a static potential which is in a good agreement with the lattice data for source separations R ≥ 0.3 fm. However, at T/Tc = 0.9, the fit to the potential data improves with a good fit attained at R ≥ 0.7 fm. The mean-square width of the energy profile at T/Tc = 0.9 matches well the width of the LW string over distance scales R ≥ 0.5 fm.
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Khalaf AA, Fadaly GA, El-Sarha AI, El-Karmouty AF. Immunohistochemical Expression of CD68 in Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters. Tumori 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/03008916211012335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer associated with a poor prognosis. No targeted treatment is available for this subtype. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been increasingly considered a diagnostic and a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are a pivotal member of TME and have been proposed as potential targets of therapy. Material and Methods: The immunohistochemical expression of CD68+ve TAM was studied in both tumor stroma (TS) and tumor nest (TN) in 50 cases of triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma as well as in 10 control cases of benign breast lesions. Results: The cases were divided into high or low density groups according to the median. The median in CD68+ve TAM in TS was (61.88), while in CD68+ve TAM in TN was (49.88). The expression of CD68+ve TAM in TS was low in 22 cases and high in 28 cases, while its expression in TN was low in 35 cases and high in 15 cases. There was no statistical association between high CD68+ve TAM in TN and different clinicopathological parameters, meanwhile a statistically significant association was found between high CD68 +ve TAM in TS and tumor grade, lymph/vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: High expression of TAM in TS, but not in TN, is of clinical significance in patients with TNBC and highlights the importance of analyzing the localization rather than merely the presence of TAM as a marker for prognosis and a potential target for future treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- AA Khalaf
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - GA Fadaly
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - AI El-Sarha
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
| | - AF El-Karmouty
- Department of Experimental and clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University
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Khalaf AA, Ibrahim MA, Galal MK, Abdallah AA, Mansour R, Afify MM. The protective effects of Terminalia laxiflora extract on hepato-nephrotoxicity induced by fipronil in male rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39507-39515. [PMID: 32651782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was led to investigate the defensive role of Terminalia laxiflora extract (TLE) on fipronil (FPN) induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male rats. Rats were administered with TLE (100 mg/kg) against the renal toxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by administration of FPN (10.5 mg/kg) for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the serum, liver, and kidneys were harvested and assessed for subsequent analysis. FPN administration to rats resulted in a significant elevation of serum transaminases, urea, and creatinine. Also, FPN-treated groups exhibited a marked reduction in total protein and albumin levels. Compared with the control group, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was elevated in groups treated with FPN, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and glutathione levels were distinctly reduced in this group. Significant increases in genomic DNA fragmentation and the expression level of the caspase-3 gene were also recorded. The biochemical result was supported by histopathological findings. Co-administration of TLE along with FPN significantly diminished the liver and kidney function tests decreased the level of lipid peroxidation, and enhanced all the antioxidant enzymes, while also diminishing the expression of caspase-3 and DNA laddering, indicating amelioration of DNA damage. These results indicate that TLE plays a vital role in diminishing FPN-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Mammalian Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab, CAPL., Agriculture Research Center, ARC., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mostafa M Afify
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, P.O.62511, Egypt
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Karlsson M, Steinvall I, Olofsson P, Thorfinn J, Sjöberg F, Åstrand L, Fayiz S, Khalaf A, Divyasree P, El-Serafi A, Elmasry M. Sprayed cultured autologous keratinocytes in the treatment of severe burns: a retrospective matched cohort study. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2020; 33:134-142. [PMID: 32913435 PMCID: PMC7452605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard treatment of burns is early excision followed by autologous skin grafting. The closure of extensive deep burns poses a considerable challenge. Cultured autologous keratinocytes have been used since 1981 in an effort to improve healing. However, the time required to culture the cells and the lack of a dermal component limit the expectations of outcome. Our aim was to compare the duration of hospital stay between patients who were treated with autologous skin grafts and cultured autologous keratinocytes and those who were treated with autologous skin grafting without cultured autologous keratinocytes. In this retrospective study all patients treated with cultured autologous keratinocytes between 2012 and 2015 were matched by size and depth of burn with patients not treated with cultured autologous keratinocytes. Multivariable regression was used to analyse associations between duration of hospital stay and treatment adjusted for age, mortality, size and depth of the burn. Then, we investigated the possibility of differentiation of human bone marrow stem cell line to keratinocyte- like cells as a future direction. The regression analysis showed a coefficient of 17.36 (95% CI -17.69 to 52.40), p= 0.32, for hospital stay in the treatment group, compared with the matched group. Our results showed no difference in the duration of hospital stay between the two treatments. Autologous stem cells should be considered as a future modality of burn management, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Karlsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - I. Steinvall
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P. Olofsson
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J. Thorfinn
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - F. Sjöberg
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L. Åstrand
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - S. Fayiz
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A. Khalaf
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - P. Divyasree
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A.T. El-Serafi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M. Elmasry
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Khalaf AA, Hassanen EI, Azouz RA, Zaki AR, Ibrahim MA, Farroh KY, Galal MK. Ameliorative Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Dermal Toxicity Induced By Lead Oxide In Rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7729-7741. [PMID: 31806958 PMCID: PMC6855620 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, several studies demonstrate the possible role of zinc oxide (ZnO) in the protection of several skin diseases, but less is known about the role of ZnO nanoparticles in the inflammatory skin disease. So, this study was designed to confirm the pivotal role of the nano zinc oxide cream in the alleviation of lead oxide (PbO) induced-allergic dermatitis in rats. Materials and methods Two concentrations (1% and 6%) of ZnONPs creams were prepared and characterized prior to being used in the study. A total number of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (negative control), groups 2&3 (either 1% or 6% ZnONPs control groups), group 4 (PbO), groups 5&6 (co-treatment of each ZnONPs concentration+PbO). All rats in different groups were observed daily to determine the severity of dermal gross lesions. Histopathological studies, mRNA analysis, and oxidative stress evaluations were performed on the affected skin tissue. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to evaluate the expression of cluster of differentiation CD4, CD8 and intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 in different groups. Results PbO caused extensive skin oxidative damage manifested by a significant increase in MDA level with a decrease in GSH content and CAT activity. The results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed that topical application of PbO for 14 days led to severe allergic dermatitis with remarkable elevations in the number of CD4+ T-helper, CD8+ T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, and ICAM-1 expression. On the other hand, noticeable improvements were recorded in all the previous toxicopathological parameters among the groups treated by either 1% or 6% ZnO-NPs cream. However, the best results were observed in the group treated with 1% ZnO-NPs cream. Conclusion Our findings suggest that 1% of ZnO-NPs cream is safe when applied topically on the inflamed skin. Moreover, it had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects so that, it is recommended to use the 1% ZnO-NPs cream to avert the dermal toxicity-induced by PbO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Azouz
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr R Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lemoine JE, Konradsen H, Lunde Jensen A, Roland-Lévy C, Ny P, Khalaf A, Torres S. Corrigendum to "Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among adolescents and young adults in Danish, Portuguese, and Swedish" [Body Image 26 (2018) 1-9]. Body Image 2019; 28:168. [PMID: 30798856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Lemoine
- ESCP Europe Business School, 527 Finchley Rd, London NW3 7BG, United Kingdom; C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - H Konradsen
- Karolinska Institutet, NVS, Alfred Nobels Álle 23, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Lunde Jensen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens-gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus N, Denmark; Aarhus University, Faculty of Health, Institute of Public Health, Department of Nursing Science, Hoegh Guldbergsgade 6, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Roland-Lévy
- C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - P Ny
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - A Khalaf
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - S Torres
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Khalaf AA, Ahmed WMS, Moselhy WA, Abdel-Halim BR, Ibrahim MA. Protective effects of selenium and nano-selenium on bisphenol-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:398-408. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118816134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread compound associated with the manufacture of many consumer products. The BPA-induced reproductive toxicity was reported to be mainly attributed to oxidative stress. However, the role of antioxidants usage to decrease the injurious effects of BPA, on male reproductive functions, remains to unveil. The present research is established to evaluate the role of selenium (Se) and its nano form (NSe) as protective agents to alleviate BPA-induced testicular toxicity. Ninety mature albino male rats were assigned into six equal groups: negative control; orally BPA 150 mg/kg; Se 3 mg/kg; NSe 2 mg/kg; both BPA 150 mg/kg and Se 3 mg/kg; and BPA 150 mg/kg + NSe 2 mg/kg. The experiment lasted for 70 consecutive days, and then serum was collected for estimation of prostatic acid phosphatase. Testicular tissues were subjected to measurement of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and expression of some apoptotic genes. Our results reported that BPA-induced marked testicular damage evidenced by significant elevations in serum prostatic acid phosphatase activity, malondialdehyde levels, a decrease in testicular catalase activity and reduced glutathione level. Moreover, marked DNA internucleosomal fragmentation pattern as well as upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and estrogen receptor-2 NSe genes were detected. Coadministration of Se and NSe attenuated the reproductive toxicity induced by BPA via improvement of the antioxidant activity, genetic changes, and restoration of testicular tissue nearly as control one. These results indicated that both Se and NSe forms could be used as reproductive protective agents against the detrimental effect induced by BPA. However, the NSe surpassed the selenium in modulating the DNA laddering, and the studied gene expression levels, and offered a potent reproductive protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- AA Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - WMS Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - WA Moselhy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - BR Abdel-Halim
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - MA Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lemoine JE, Konradsen H, Lunde Jensen A, Roland-Lévy C, Ny P, Khalaf A, Torres S. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among adolescents and young adults in Danish, Portuguese, and Swedish. Body Image 2018; 26:1-9. [PMID: 29772464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of body image shifted from focusing on the negative aspects to a more extensive view of body image. The present study seeks to validate a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) in Denmark, Portugal, and Sweden. Participants (N = 1012) were adolescents and young adults aged from 12 to 19. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across sex and country. Further results showed that BAS-2 was positively correlated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and intuitive eating. It was negatively correlated with BMI among boys and girls in Portugal but not in Denmark and Sweden. Additionally, boys had higher body appreciation than girls. Results indicated that the BAS-2 has good psychometric properties in the three languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lemoine
- ESCP Europe Business School, 527 Finchley Rd, London NW3 7BG, United Kingdom; C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - H Konradsen
- Karolinska Institutet, NVS, Alfred Nobels Álle 23, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - A Lunde Jensen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens-gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus N, Denmark; Aarhus University, Faculty of Health, Institute of Public Health, Department of Nursing Science, Hoegh Guldbergsgade 6, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - C Roland-Lévy
- C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - P Ny
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - A Khalaf
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - S Torres
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Khalaf A, Hoad CL, Menys A, Nowak A, Taylor SA, Paparo S, Lingaya M, Falcone Y, Singh G, Spiller RC, Gowland PA, Marciani L, Moran GW. MRI assessment of the postprandial gastrointestinal motility and peptide response in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 28857333 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feeding triggers inter-related gastrointestinal (GI) motor, peptide and appetite responses. These are rarely studied together due to methodological limitations. Recent MRI advances allow pan-intestinal, non-invasive assessment of motility in the undisturbed gut. This study aimed to develop a methodology to assess pan-intestinal motility and transit in a single session using MRI and compare imaging findings to GI peptide responses to a test meal and symptoms in a healthy volunteer cohort. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers (29.3±2.7 years and BMI 20.1±1.2 kg m-2 ) underwent baseline and postprandial MRI scans, symptom questionnaires, and blood sampling (for subsequent GI peptide analysis, Glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], Polypeptide YY [PYY], Cholecystokinin [CCK]) at intervals for 270 minutes following a 400 g soup meal (204 kcal, Heinz, UK). Gastric volume, gall bladder volume, small bowel water content, small bowel motility, and whole gut transit were measured from the MRI scans. KEY RESULTS (mean±SEM) Small bowel motility index increased from fasting 39±3 arbitrary units (a.u.) to a maximum of 87±7 a.u. immediately after feeding. PYY increased from fasting 98±10 pg mL-1 to 149±14 pg mL-1 at 30 minutes and GLP-1 from fasting 15±3 μg mL-1 to 22±4 μg mL-1 . CCK increased from fasting 0.40±0.06 pmol mL-1 to 0.94±0.1 pmol mL-1 . Gastric volumes declined with a T1/2 of 46±5 minute and the gallbladder contracted from a fasting volume of 19±2 mL-1 to 12±2 mL-1 . Small bowel water content increased from 39±2 mL-1 to 51±2 mL-1 postprandial. Fullness VAS score increased from 9±5 mm to 41±6 mm at 30 minutes postprandial. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The test meal challenge was effective in inducing a change in MRI motility end-points which will improve understanding of the pathophysiological postprandial GI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalaf
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C L Hoad
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Menys
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Nowak
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S A Taylor
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - S Paparo
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Lingaya
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Y Falcone
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - G Singh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - R C Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - P A Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - G W Moran
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
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14
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Abstract
We investigate the implications of Nambu-Goto (NG), Lüscher Weisz (LW) and Polyakov-Kleinert (PK) effective string actions for the Casimir energy and the width of the quantum delocalization of the string in 4-dim pure SU(3) Yang-Mills lattice gauge theory. At a temperature closer to the critical point T/Tc=0.9, we found that the next to leading-order (NLO) contributions from the expansion of the NG string in addition to the boundary terms in LW action to decrease the deviations from the lattice data in the intermediate distance scales for both the quark-antiquark QQ̅ potential and broadening of the color tube compared to the free string approximation. We conjecture possible stiffness of the QCD string through studying the effects of extrinsic curvature term in PK action and find a good fitting behavior for the lattice Monte-Carlo data at both long and intermediate quark separations regions.
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15
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Khalaf AA, Zaki AR, Galal MK, Ogaly HA, Ibrahim MA, Hassan A. The potential protective effect of α-lipoic acid against nanocopper particle-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:881-891. [PMID: 27827802 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116674526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present research task is aimed to evaluate the role of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) (100 mg/kg body weight) as hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant in amelioration of copper nanoparticle (CNP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty male rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups: group I (control), group II received CNPs, group III received CNPs + ALA, and finally group IV received ALA for 2 months. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were decapitated, and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for measurement of liver function tests, antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation (LPO), copper content, expression of some apoptotic genes, and histopathological analysis. CNPs induced marked hepatic damages as evident by severe alteration in hepatic biomarkers. This was accompanied by a significant elevation in hepatic LPO and induced nitric oxide, copper content, and expression level of apoptotic genes (C-myc and C-jun). In contrast, marked depletion for antioxidant parameters was detected. These findings were confirmed with severe pathological alterations. Coadministration of ALA as a powerful antioxidant attenuates the hepatotoxic effects of CNPs through improvement of liver parameters, oxidative status, genetic changes, and preservation of liver integrity through histopathological analysis. These results suggest that consumed ALA could be used as an applicable hepatoprotective agent against oxidative damage mediated by nanoparticles intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khalaf
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A R Zaki
- 2 Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt
| | - M K Galal
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Ogaly
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A Ibrahim
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Hassan
- 4 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Ibrahim MA, Khalaf AA, Galal MK, Ogaly HA, H M Hassan A. Ameliorative Influence of Green Tea Extract on Copper Nanoparticle-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10:363. [PMID: 26377216 PMCID: PMC4573085 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of copper nanoparticles (CNPs) to the human health and environment remains a critical issue. In the present study, we investigated the protective influence of an aqueous extract of green tea leaves (GTE) against CNPs-induced (20-30 nm) hepatotoxicity. Four different groups of rats were used: group I was the control, group II received CNPs (40 mg/kg BW), group III received CNPs plus GTE, and group IV received GTE alone. We highlighted the hepatoprotective effect of GTE against CNPs toxicity through monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activity, antioxidant defense mechanism, histopathological alterations, and DNA damage evaluation. The rats that were given CNPs only had a highly significant elevation in liver enzymes, alteration in oxidant-antioxidant balance, and severe pathological changes. In addition, we detected a significant elevation of DNA fragmentation percentage, marked DNA laddering, and significance over expression of both caspase-3 and Bax proteins. The findings for group III clarify the efficacy of GTE as a hepatoprotectant on CNPs through improving the liver enzyme activity, antioxidant status, as well as suppressing DNA fragmentation and the expression of the caspase-3 and Bax proteins. In conclusion, GTE was proved to be a potential hepatoprotective additive as it significantly ameliorates the hepatotoxicity and apoptosis induced by CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - A A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Azza H M Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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17
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Ahmed WMS, Khalaf AA, Moselhy WA, Safwat GM. Royal jelly attenuates azathioprine induced toxicity in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37:431-437. [PMID: 24444696 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the potential protective effects of royal jelly against azathioprine-induced toxicity in rat. Intraperitoneal administration of azathioprine (50 mg/kgB.W.) induced a significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV%, WBCs count, differential count and platelet count, hepatic antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione and glutathione s-transferase) and increase of serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes) activities, alkaline phosphatase and malondialdehyde formation. Azathioprine induced hepatotoxicity was reflected by marked pathological changes in the liver. Oral administration of royal jelly (200 mg/kgB.W.) was efficient in counteracting azathioprine toxicity whereas it altered the anemic condition, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by azathioprine. Furthermore, royal jelly exerted significant protection against liver damage induced by azathioprine through reduction of the elevated activities of serum hepatic enzymes. Moreover, royal jelly blocked azathioprine-induced lipid peroxidation through decreasing the malondialdehyde formation. In conclusion, royal jelly possesses a capability to attenuate azathioprine-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M S Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - A A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Moselhy
- Department of Toxicology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Safwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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18
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19
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Benoit Corven C, Khalaf A, Courville P, Sibert L, Gobet F, Joly P. Renal chromophobe cell carcinoma and paraneoplastic linear IgA bullous dermatosis. J Urol 2003; 169:270-1. [PMID: 12478155 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000039681.24726.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Benoit Corven
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital-Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
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20
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Sibert L, Charlin B, Gagnon R, Corcos J, Khalaf A, Grise P. [Evaluation of clinical reasoning in urology: contribution of the Script Concordance Test]. Prog Urol 2001; 11:1213-9. [PMID: 11859654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Script Concordance test is designed to measure knowledge organization, to allow interpretation of data in clinical decision making. The objective of this study was to assess the value of this new written evaluation instrument to evaluate clinical reasoning in urology. MATERIAL AND METHOD An 80-item examination was completed by a group of medical students (n = 15), a group of urology interns (n = 11), a group of registrars-assistants (n = 7), and a group of experienced urologists (n = 10). The scores obtained were compared by analysis of variance. The reliability of the test was studied by calculating Cronbach's coefficient alpha. RESULTS The mean score was 46.95 +/- 6.80 for students, 56.18 +/- 1.73 for interns, 66.27 +/- 4.92 for registrars and 63.38 +/- 2.19 for urologists. The differences observed between the scores for students, interns and urologists were significant. The reliability coefficient was 0.79 for the entire examination. CONCLUSIONS This test is able to discriminate various levels of experience in urology. It proposes a simple and direct approach to evaluation of knowledge organization. Further studies are necessary to confirm the contribution of this test to the strategy of evaluation of the clinical skills in urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sibert
- Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, France.
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21
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Ayad F, Demarchi B, Khalaf A, Davies R, Ellwood R, Bradshaw B, Petrone ME, Chaknis P, DeVizio W, Volpe AR, Proskin HM. A six-week clinical tooth whitening study of a new calculus-inhibiting dentifrice formulation. J Clin Dent 2001; 11:84-7. [PMID: 11460611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
This six-week double-blind clinical study compared the toothwhitening effects of a new calculus-inhibiting dentifrice containing pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and copolymer in a 0.243 sodium fluoride/silica base (Test Dentifrice) with two commercially available dentifrices: Aquafresh Whitening Toothpaste with Fluoride and Crest Regular Fluoride Toothpaste. After a baseline examination for extrinsic tooth stain, qualifying adult males and females from Manchester, United Kingdom and from Mississauga, Ontario, Canada were randomly assigned into three test groups. Each group was balanced for gender, tobacco habits and levels of tooth stain. Subjects were to brush their teeth twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush using the assigned toothpaste. One-hundred and twenty-eight (128) subjects complied with instructions and completed the trial. Subjects using the Test Dentifrice exhibited statistically less stain area and less stain intensity than did either the Aquafresh or Crest groups. Crest Regular Fluoride toothpaste was statistically less effective than Aquafresh Whitening toothpaste in removing stain. Results in this trial support the conclusion that a new dentifrice formulation containing pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and a copolymer, in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base, effectively removes extrinsic tooth stain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ayad
- Clinic for General Dentistry, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate whether socioeconomic factors such as parent's education, occupation, and income constitute risk factors in perinatal mortality after controlling for biological variables such as birth weight and length of gestation, and maternal factors such as age, parity and reproductive history. A case-control study covering all perinatal deaths in Kuwait was conducted for one year from 1 October, 1997 to 30 September, 1998. Each case (perinatal death) was matched with a control (live birth). Matching criteria were: father's nationality, place, and date of birth. Information was successfully collected on 463 matched pairs, 274 Kuwaitis and 189 non-Kuwaitis. Only singleton births were included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis showed that several of the socioeconomic variables (e.g. lower education, lower income) increased the risk of a perinatal death. However, none of these variables remained significant in the multivariate analysis in which birth weight and length of gestation emerged as the two major determinants of perinatal deaths among both nationality groups. Among the Kuwaitis, primiparity and high parity, and previous history of miscarriage were also significant risk factors. Among the non-Kuwaitis, none of the socioeconomic factors, or the maternal factors, were significant predictors of perinatal mortality. For Kuwaitis, it appears that the government's policies and programs aimed at reducing social inequalities in the society have been effective in eliminating perinatal mortality differences between socioeconomic groups. Among non-Kuwaitis, the lack of differences is reflective of the fact that this group is relatively homogenous and selective of the more affluent who can bring the family to Kuwait. Both nationality groups benefit from the government's free health services. However, charges for non-Kuwaitis are due to be levied soon which may increase disparities in access to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Shah
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat.
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23
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Sibert L, Khalaf A, Bugel H, Sfaxi M, Grise P. Intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide instillations can be useful in the symptomatic treatment of profuse hematuria due to eosinophilic cystitis. J Urol 2000; 164:446. [PMID: 10893610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sibert
- Department of Urology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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24
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Ayad F, Demarchi B, Khalaf A, Petrone ME, Chaknis P, DeVizio W, Volpe AR, Proskin HM. A six-week clinical efficacy study of a new dentifrice for the removal of extrinsic tooth stain. J Clin Dent 2000; 10:103-6. [PMID: 10825855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this double-blind clinical study was to investigate the tooth whitening efficacy of a new dentifrice (Colgate Tartar Control Plus Whitening Fluoride Toothpaste) for the removal of extrinsic tooth stain, through a comparison with two commercially available dentifrices, Aquafresh Whitening Toothpaste with Fluoride, and Crest Regular Fluoride Toothpaste. Following a baseline examination for extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Mississauga, Ontario, Canada area were randomized into three treatment groups which were balanced for age, gender, and level of extrinsic tooth stain. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice using a soft-bristled toothbrush. Examinations for extrinsic tooth stain were repeated after six weeks' use of the study dentifrices. One hundred twenty-two (122) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the six-week examination, subjects assigned to the Colgate Tartar Control Plus Whitening treatment group and subjects assigned to the Aquafresh Whitening treatment group exhibited statistically lower levels (p < 0.0001) of extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity than did those subjects assigned to the Crest Regular Fluoride treatment group. Further, subjects assigned to the Colgate Tartar Control Plus Whitening treatment group exhibited significantly lower levels of extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity than did those assigned to the Aquafresh Whitening treatment group (p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ayad
- Clinic for General Dentistry, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Bugel H, Pfister C, Sibert L, Cappele O, Khalaf A, Grise P. [Intraurethral Macroplastic injections in the treatment of urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery]. Prog Urol 1999; 9:1068-76. [PMID: 10658253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the results and the place of a minimally invasive intraurethral injection technique designed to improve the efficacy of the urethral sphincter in urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study of 26 Macroplastique injections performed in 15 patients with a mean age of 66.4 years (range: 54 to 78 years) was conducted over an 18-month period. Eleven patients received 2 injections. Prostatic surgery consisted of retropubic radical prostatectomy (9 cases), transurethral resection (4 cases) or open prostatectomy (2 cases). Three patients received pelvic irradiation. Evaluation at 1, 3 and 12 months consisted of clinical questionnaire and urodynamic assessment. RESULTS Rapid deterioration of the initial improvement was observed (40% success at 1 month; 71% at 3 months; 33% at 6 months; 26% at 12 months). No significant influence was demonstrated for post-prostatectomy radiotherapy, the patient's age, more proximal bladder dysfunction, severity of incontinence or preoperative status. However, better results were observed when the resting urethral closure pressure remained higher than 30 cm H2O. CONCLUSION We believe that intraurethral injections still have a place in the therapeutic armamentarium for incontinence after prostatic surgery with satisfactory initial results, which unfortunately deteriorate after 3 months. Our study confirms the value of Macroplastique compared to other substances. It is difficult to define the predictive factors of failure, but a closure pressure greater than 30 cm H2O remains essential. Finally, an interval of at least 3 months should be observed before repeating this procedure in the case of an insufficient result.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bugel
- Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
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26
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Ferrer M, Alonso J, Morera J, Marrades RM, Khalaf A, Aguar MC, Plaza V, Prieto L, Antó JM. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage and health-related quality of life. The Quality of Life of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127:1072-9. [PMID: 9412309 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Thoracic Society recently recommended that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease be staged on the basis of the percentage of predicted FEV1. OBJECTIVE To examine 1) the relation between the american Thoracic Society system for staging chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and health-related quality of life and 2) the effect of self-reported comorbid conditions on health-related quality of life. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient clinics of respiratory departments of four hospitals and one primary health care center in spain. PATIENTS 321 consecutive male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MEASUREMENTS Functional respiratory impairment, FEV1, respiratory symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life were measured by using the Spanish version of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire and the Nottingham Health Profile. RESULTS Patient scores on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire were moderately to strongly associated with disease staging (r = 0.27 to 0.51). Compared with reference values, values for health-related quality of life for patients with stage I disease were substantially higher on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (6 and 34; p < 0.001) and values for impairment were significantly greater in stage 1 patients with comorbid conditions (19 and 36; P = 0.001). At least one concomitant chronic condition was found in 84% of study patients. Comorbid conditions only partly influenced the observed pattern of deterioration of health-related quality of life with worsening stages of disease. CONCLUSION Staging criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on percentage of predicted FEV1 separated groups of patients with varying degrees of impairment in health-related quality of life. Contrary to expectations, even patients with mild disease showed substantially compromised health-related quality of life. Comorbid conditions influenced the relation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Hospital de Badalona Germans Trias i Pujol, Spain
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27
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Ferrer M, Alonso J, Prieto L, Plaza V, Monsó E, Marrades R, Aguar MC, Khalaf A, Antó JM. Validity and reliability of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire after adaptation to a different language and culture: the Spanish example. Eur Respir J 1996; 9:1160-6. [PMID: 8804932 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the adaptation into Spanish of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), a self-administered questionnaire developed by Jones et al. (1991) covering three domains of health in airways disease patients: symptoms, activity and impacts. For the adaptation, the forward and back-translation method by bilinguals was used, together with professional committee and lay panel. Once tested for feasibility and comprehension, 318 male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a wide range of disease severity completed the Spanish version of the SGRQ. The clinical status of the patients was evaluated concurrently with the measurement of health status. Lung function was assessed in the 2 months before or after the questionnaire administration. The Spanish version of the SGRQ was acceptable and easy to understand. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.94 for the overall scale and 0.72 for "Symptoms", 0.89 for "Activity", and 0.89 for "Impacts" subscales. Correlation coefficients between the overall score and dyspnoea and % forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were 0.59 and -0.45, respectively, and these correlations were higher than those observed between the clinical variables and the Nottingham Health Profile, a generic measure of health-related quality of life. Results of the study suggest that the Spanish version of the SGRQ is conceptually equivalent to the original, and similarly reliable and valid. Although further studies should complete the adaptation work, results suggest that the SGRQ may already be used in Spain and in international studies involving Spanish respiratory patients. According to the present approach, it appears to be feasible to adapt a specific questionnaire on health-related quality of life in respiratory disease to another language and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Dept Epidemiology and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
The long-acting effect of a 10-min pulse infusion of the beta 2-adrenergic agonist fenoterol on oral glucose tolerance tests in controls and in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on diet was compared. During an oral glucose load starting 2 h after fenoterol control persons showed hyperglycemia (area: 25,950 +/- 467 vs. 22,650 +/- 410, P less than 0.01), hyperinsulinemia (area: 13,980 +/- 1050 vs. 8160 +/- 405, P less than 0.02) and a pronounced fall of serum potassium (area: 775 +/- 26 vs. 748 +/- 25, P less than 0.02). The patient group showed no late response to fenoterol: plasma glucose (area: 51,000 +/- 382 vs. 51,300 +/- 413, n.s.), serum insulin (area: 7215 +/- 233 vs. 8280 +/- 410, n.s.), serum potassium (area: 748 +/- 26 vs. 750 +/- 24, n.s.). The data show that there is a defect of the beta 2-adrenergic long-acting effect on glucose metabolism and on insulin release in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Petersen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Internal Medicine, Freiburg, F.R.G
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Petersen KG, Khalaf A, Zeisel HJ, Stryjek-Kaminska D, Kerp L. IgE antibodies to human growth hormone prior to and during treatment. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1989; 121:501-4. [PMID: 2800924 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of allergy to biosynthetic hGH were not reported in 245 patients treated for one year. A sensitive radioallergosorbent test showed, however, the presence of anti-hGH IgE antibodies in the sera of 13%. All patients with anti-hGH IgE had also elevated concentrations of total serum IgE, similar to atopic persons (2459 +/- 147 micrograms/l, normal 70 +/- 8, 2p less than 0.0001); 83% of all patients who had specific IgE antibodies to hGH had specific antibodies prior to treatment. Administration of hGH did not consistently change concentrations (up to 8 micrograms/l) or affinities (less than 10(7) to 1.3 X 10(9) l/mol) of the specific reagins. Anti-hGH IgE antibodies were related to atopy. Treatment with biosynthetic hGH did not significantly stimulate specific IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Petersen
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, University Medical Hospital, Freiburg, FRG
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Abstract
Anti-insulin immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in sera of insulin-treated diabetic patients were characterized by affinity and concentration, and by binding to proinsulin and insulin A and B chains. The affinities of IgE to insulin scattered between less than 10(7) and 0.6 x 10(9) l/mol, the concentrations between 0.3 and 3.5 ng/ml. All positive sera of type 1 and few of type 2 patients recognized proinsulin, A chain, and B chain with comparable affinities and concentrations. Elevated concentrations of total serum IgE in 12 of the 16 anti-insulin IgE-positive sera from insulin-treated patients indicate that these patients are predisposed to allergies. The incidence of elevated levels of total serum IgE in type 1 (17.7%) and in type 2 (7.8%) diabetic patients did not differ from the general population. Reagins to insulin and related antigens were also observed in sera of non-diabetic allergic persons without previous contact with exogenous insulin. The natural occurrence of insulin-specific reagins makes the use of IgE as a marker of antigenicity of insulin questionable. Discrepancies between the insulin-positive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) or skin test and clinical manifestations of insulin allergy exist, because IgE antibodies with low affinities require high concentrations of insulin for binding. Such amounts of insulin may occur at the injection site, but not in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Petersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, F.R.G
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Le Hoang P, Fontaine M, Khalaf A, Travers C, Saraux H, Coscas G, Massin M, Bernard JA, Gaudric A, de Kozak Y. [Treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis with a new immunomodulator, cyclosporin A: initial results]. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1985; 85:873-6. [PMID: 3836786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lucas A, Sanmartí A, Mieras C, Khalaf A, Mesa J, Obiols G, Tresánchez JM. [Buschke's scleredema and diabetes mellitus]. Med Clin (Barc) 1983; 81:672-3. [PMID: 6656416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lience E, Rubiés-Prat J, Khalaf A. [Reactive arthritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis]. Med Clin (Barc) 1983; 80:601. [PMID: 6345952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
(1) Calcium greatly increased crystallization of monosodium urate in otherwise pure water, by enhancing both nucleation and growth. (2) Acid accelerated urate nucleation, both by its direct action and indirectly by increasing the free calcium in physiological fluids. (3) Synovial fluid from one gouty patient accelerated urate nucleation, while that from one rheumatoid patient inhibited nucleation. (4) X-rays, collagen, ethyl alcohol, cupric ion, and potassium ion all had negligible influence on urate nucleation. (5) Mechanical shock greatly increased urate nucleation.
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