1
|
Jana S, Kassa T, Wood F, Hicks W, Alayash AI. Changes in hemoglobin oxidation and band 3 during blood storage impact oxygen sensing and mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways in the human pulmonary arterial endothelial cell model. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1278763. [PMID: 37916221 PMCID: PMC10617028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1278763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) undergo metabolic, oxidative, and physiological changes during storage, collectively described as the "storage lesion." The impact of storage on oxygen homeostasis, following transfusion, is not fully understood. We show that RBC storage induces changes in oxygen binding that were linked to changes in oxygen sensing (hypoxia-inducible factor, HIF-1α) mechanisms and mitochondrial respiration in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs). A decrease in oxygen affinity (P50) to approximately 20 from 30 mmHg was seen at the first week but remained unchanged for up to 42 days. This led to the suppression of HIF-1α in the first 3 weeks due to limited oxygen supplies by RBCs. Furthermore, membrane oxidative damage, band 3 alterations, and subsequent microparticle (MP) formation were also noted. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the upregulation of transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase, essential for clearing ROS-damaged membrane proteins and the protein DDI1 homolog, a proteasomal shuttle chaperone. Band 3 complex proteins and superoxide dismutase were among the downregulated proteins. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates measured in HPAECs incubated with RBC-derived MPs (14-day and 42-day) showed a rise in maximal respiration. Intervention strategies that target intracellular hemoglobin (Hb)'s redox transitions and membrane changes may lead to the reestablishment of oxygen homeostasis in old RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jana S, Heaven MR, Dahiya N, Stewart C, Anderson J, MacGregor S, Maclean M, Alayash AI, Atreya C. Antimicrobial 405 nm violet-blue light treatment of ex vivo human platelets leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and potential alteration of Phospho-proteome. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 241:112672. [PMID: 36871490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Continued efforts to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) through blood and blood components led to the development of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation technologies known as pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to enhance blood safety. While these PRTs demonstrate germicidal efficiency, it is generally accepted that these photoinactivation techniques have limitations as they employ treatment conditions shown to compromise the quality of the blood components. During ex vivo storage, platelets having mitochondria for energy production suffer most from the consequences of UV irradiation. Recently, application of visible violet-blue light in the 400-470 nm wavelength range has been identified as a relatively more compatible alternative to UV light. Hence, in this report, we evaluated 405 nm light-treated platelets to assess alterations in energy utilization by measuring different mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, glycolytic flux, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, we employed untargeted data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to characterize platelet proteomic differences in protein regulation after the light treatment. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that ex vivo treatment of human platelets with antimicrobial 405 nm violet-blue light leads to mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to survive the treatment, and alters a fraction of platelet proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirsendu Jana
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Michael R Heaven
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Neetu Dahiya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Caitlin Stewart
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Scott MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilization Technologies, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Chintamani Atreya
- Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alayash AI. Oxidation reactions of cellular and acellular hemoglobins: Implications for human health. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:1068972. [DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.1068972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen reversibly binds to the redox active iron, a transition metal in human Hemoglobin (Hb), which subsequently undergoes oxidation in air. This process is akin to iron rusting in non-biological systems. This results in the formation of non-oxygen carrying methemoglobin (ferric) (Fe3+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In circulating red blood cells (RBCs), Hb remains largely in the ferrous functional form (HbF2+) throughout the RBC's lifespan due to the presence of effective enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins that keep the levels of metHb to a minimum (1%–3%). In biological systems Hb is viewed as a Fenton reagent where oxidative toxicity is attributed to the formation of a highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH•) generated by the reaction between Hb's iron (Fe2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, recent research on both cellular and acellular Hbs revealed that the protein engages in enzymatic-like activity when challenged with H2O2, resulting in the formation of a highly reactive ferryl heme (Fe4+) that can target other biological molecules before it self-destructs. Accumulating evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized in this review to show that Hb's pseudoperoxidase activity is physiologically more dominant than the Fenton reaction and it plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several blood disorders, storage lesions associated with old blood, and in the toxicity associated with the infusion of Hb-derived oxygen therapeutics.
Collapse
|
4
|
Quezado ZMN, Kamimura S, Smith M, Wang X, Heaven MR, Jana S, Vogel S, Zerfas P, Combs CA, Almeida LEF, Li Q, Quezado M, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Kosinski PA, Yu S, Kapadnis U, Kung C, Dang L, Wakim P, Eaton WA, Alayash AI, Thein SL. Mitapivat increases ATP and decreases oxidative stress and erythrocyte mitochondria retention in a SCD mouse model. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 95:102660. [PMID: 35366607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to erythrocyte sickling. Enhancing activity of the erythrocyte glycolytic pathway has anti-sickling potential as this reduces 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and increases ATP, factors that decrease HbS polymerization and improve erythrocyte membrane integrity. These factors can be modulated by mitapivat, which activates erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) and improves sickling kinetics in SCD patients. We investigated mechanisms by which mitapivat may impact SCD by examining its effects in the Townes SCD mouse model. Control (HbAA) and sickle (HbSS) mice were treated with mitapivat or vehicle. Surprisingly, HbSS had higher PKR protein, higher ATP, and lower 2,3-DPG levels, compared to HbAA mice, in contrast with humans with SCD, in whom 2,3-DPG is elevated compared to healthy subjects. Despite our inability to investigate 2,3-DPG-mediated sickling and hemoglobin effects, mitapivat yielded potential benefits in HbSS mice. Mitapivat further increased ATP without significantly changing 2,3-DPG or hemoglobin levels, and decreased levels of leukocytosis, erythrocyte oxidative stress, and the percentage of erythrocytes that retained mitochondria in HbSS mice. These data suggest that, even though Townes HbSS mice have increased PKR activity, further activation of PKR with mitapivat yields potentially beneficial effects that are independent of changes in sickling or hemoglobin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xunde Wang
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Heaven
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iren Horkayne-Szakaly
- Neuropathology and Ophthalmic Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Shaoxia Yu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Charles Kung
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Eaton
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alayash AI, Wilson MT. Hemoglobin can Act as a (Pseudo)-Peroxidase in Vivo. What is the Evidence? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:910795. [PMID: 35832737 PMCID: PMC9271945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.910795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices (DBCD), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdu I. Alayash,
| | - Michael T. Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) inside and outside the red blood cells (RBCs) undergoes constant transformation to an oxidized form in a process known as autoxidation. The ferrous heme iron (Fe2+) of the prosthetic group is spontaneously transformed into an oxidized ferric (Fe3+) form, but under oxidative stress conditions a higher oxidation ferryl heme (Fe4+) is also formed. Although Fe3+ is a non-functional form of Hb, the Fe4+ is also extremely reactive towards other biological molecules due to its high redox potential. The RBC contains an effective reductive machinery that maintains Hb in the functional form with little oxidation during its life span. The redox transformation of Hb occurs to a lesser extent in young RBCs; it may, however, have detrimental effects on the integrity of these cells during ex vivo storage or when RBCs are subjected to pathogen reduction processes. In this review, Hb oxidation reactions (“oxidative lesion”) will be described, including details of how these reactions might impact the clinical use of stored or processed blood for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices (DBCD), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) causes respiratory symptoms including a substantial pulmonary dysfunction with worsening arterial hypoxemia (low blood oxygenation), eventually leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The impact of the viral infection on blood oxygenation and other elements of oxygen homeostasis, such as oxygen sensing and respiratory mitochondrial mechanisms, are not well understood. As a step toward understanding these mechanisms in the context of COVID-19, recent experiments revealed contradictory data on the impact of COVID-19 infection on red blood cells (RBCs) oxygenation parameters. However, structural protein damage and membrane lipid remodeling in RBCs from COVID-19 patients that may impact RBC function have been reported. Moreover, COVID-19 infection could potentially disrupt one, if not all, of the other major pathways of homeostasis. Understanding the nature of the crosstalk among normal homeostatic pathways; oxygen carrying, oxygen sensing (i.e., hypoxia inducible factor, HIF) proteins, and the mitochondrial respiratory machinery may provide a target for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Division of Blood and Devices (DBCD), United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kassa T, Whalin JG, Richards MP, Alayash AI. Caffeic acid: an antioxidant with novel antisickling properties. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3293-3303. [PMID: 34510823 PMCID: PMC8634858 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that caffeic acid (3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid) (CA) interacts with and inhibits the oxidative reactions of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb), and this interaction underlies its antioxidative action in meat. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is known for its tendency to oxidize more readily than normal HbA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which leads to a more persistent and highly oxidizing ferryl Hb (HbFe4+). We have investigated the effects of CA on HbS oxidation intermediates, specifically on the ferric/ferryl forms. At a low concentration of H2O2 (0.5‐fold over heme), we observed a fivefold reduction in the amount of HbFe4+ accumulated in a mixture of ferric and H2O2 solution. Higher levels of H2O2 (onefold and twofold over heme) led to a lesser threefold and twofold reduction in the content of HbFe4+, respectively, possibly due to the saturation of the binding sites on the Hb molecule. The most intriguing finding was that when 5‐molar excess CA over heme was used, and a considerable increase in the delay time of HbS polymerization to approximately 200 s was observed. This delay in polymerization of HbS is theoretically sufficient to avoid microcapillary blockage and prevent vasoconstrictions in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that CA was more extensively covalently bonded to βCys93 than to βCys112 and αCys104. The dual antioxidant and antisickling properties of CA may be explored further to maximize its therapeutic potential in SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - James G Whalin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Richards
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jana S, Heaven MR, Alayash AI. Cell-Free Hemoglobin Does Not Attenuate the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9041. [PMID: 34445747 PMCID: PMC8396564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects epithelial airway cells that express the host entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which binds to the S1 spike protein on the surface of the virus. To delineate the impact of S1 spike protein interaction with the ACE2 receptor, we incubated the S1 spike protein with human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC). HPAEC treatment with the S1 spike protein caused disruption of endothelial barrier function, increased levels of numerous inflammatory molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, CCL5, CXCL10), elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a mild rise in glycolytic reserve capacity. Because low oxygen tension (hypoxia) is associated with severe cases of COVID-19, we also evaluated treatment with hemoglobin (HbA) as a potential countermeasure in hypoxic and normal oxygen environments in analyses with the S1 spike protein. We found hypoxia downregulated the expression of the ACE2 receptor and increased the critical oxygen homeostatic signaling protein, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α); however, treatment of the cells with HbA yielded no apparent change in the levels of ACE2 or HIF-1α. Use of quantitative proteomics revealed that S1 spike protein-treated cells have few differentially regulated proteins in hypoxic conditions, consistent with the finding that ACE2 serves as the host viral receptor and is reduced in hypoxia. However, in normoxic conditions, we found perturbed abundance of proteins in signaling pathways related to lysosomes, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and pyrimidine metabolism. We conclude that the spike protein alone without the rest of the viral components is sufficient to elicit cell signaling in HPAEC, and that treatment with HbA failed to reverse the vast majority of these spike protein-induced changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (S.J.); (M.R.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alayash AI. Targeting the red cell enzyme pyruvate kinase with a small allosteric molecule AG-348 may correct underlying pathology of a glycolytic enzymopathy. Haematologica 2021; 106:9-11. [PMID: 33386714 PMCID: PMC7776336 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.266585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alayash AI. βCysteine 93 in human hemoglobin: a gateway to oxidative stability in health and disease. J Transl Med 2021; 101:4-11. [PMID: 32980855 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
βcysteine 93 residue plays a key role in oxygen (O2)-linked conformational changes in the hemoglobin (Hb) molecule. This solvent accessible residue is also a target for binding of thiol reagents that can remotely alter O2 affinity, cooperativity, and Hb's sensitivity to changes in pH. In recent years, βCys93 was assigned a new physiological role in the transport of nitric oxide (NO) through a process of S-nitrosylation as red blood cells (RBCs) travel from lungs to tissues. βCys93 is readily and irreversibly oxidized in the presence of a mild oxidant to cysteic acid, which causes destabilization of Hb resulting in improper protein folding and the loss of heme. Under these oxidative conditions, ferryl heme (HbFe4+), a higher oxidation state of Hb is formed together with its protein radical (.HbFe4+). This radical migrates to βCys93 and interacts with other "hotspot" amino acids that are highly susceptible to oxidative modifications. Oxidized βCys93 may therefore be used as a biomarker of oxidative stress, reflecting the deterioration of Hb within RBCs intended for transfusion or RBCs from patients with hemoglobinopathies. Site specific mutation of a redox active amino acid(s) to reduce the ferryl heme or direct chemical modifications that can shield βCys93 have been proposed to improve oxidative resistance of Hb and may offer a protective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hicks W, Meng F, Kassa T, Alayash AI. Effects of α subunit substitutions on the oxidation of βCys93 and the stability of sickle cell hemoglobin. Redox Rep 2020; 25:95-103. [PMID: 33059548 PMCID: PMC7594797 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1834250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The β subunit substitutions, F41Y and K82D, in sickle cell hemoglobin (Hb) (βE6 V) provides significant resistance to oxidative stress by shielding βCys93 from the oxidizing ferryl heme. We evaluated the oxidative resistance of βCys93 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in α subunit mutations in βE6 V (at both the putative and lateral contact regions) that included (1) αH20Q/βE6 V; (2) αH50Q/βE6 V; (3) αH20Q/H50Q/βE6 V; (4) αH20R/βE6 V; and (5) αH20R/H50Q/βE6 V. Estimation by mass spectrometry of irreversible oxidation of βCys93 to cysteic acid (CA) was unchanged or moderately increased in the single mutants harboring a H20Q or H50Q substitution when compared to control (βE6 V). The introduction of Arg (R) singularly or in combination with Q enhanced the pseudoperoxidative cycle by slightly decreasing the ferryl in favor of ferrous and ferric species after treatment with H2O2. Higher rates for heme loss from the ferric forms of the Q species to the receptor high affinity recombinant apomyglobin were observed in contrast to the R mutants and control. Because of their improved solubility, a combination of Q and R substitutions together with mutations carrying redox active variants (F41Y/K82D) may provide dual antioxidant and antisickling targets in the design of gene therapy-based candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Hicks
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Fantao Meng
- Hemoglobin Oxygen Therapeutics, Souderton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rutardottir S, Karnaukhova E, Nantasenamat C, Songtawee N, Prachayasittikul V, Rajabi M, Rosenlöf LW, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Corrigendum to "Structural and biochemical characterization of two heme binding sites on α1-microglobulin using site directed mutagenesis and molecular simulation" [BBAPAP 1864/1 (2016) Page 29 to 41]. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2020; 1868:140394. [PMID: 32147396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evolution and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evolution and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evolution and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Edmondson M, Jana S, Meng F, Strader MB, Baek JH, Gao Y, Buehler PW, Alayash AI. Redox states of hemoglobin determine left ventricle pressure recovery and activity of mitochondrial complex IV in hypoxic rat hearts. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:348-361. [PMID: 31302228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects were reported to occur in humans and in animal models during transfusion with hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen therapeutics. The effects of Hb's iron redox states on cardiac parameters during hypoxia/reoxygenation are however poorly defined. We hypothesize that acute exposures to ferric Hb during hypoxia leads to cardiomyocyte injury and an impaired left ventricular response accompanied by cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction. Recovery of left ventricular functions in an isolated rat heart Langendorff perfusion system was observed following perfusion with ferrous but not with ferric Hb. Ferric Hb induced the development of heart lesions, and impairment of the respiratory chain complex activity. Under normoxia, a sharp decline in cardiac parameters was observed following co-perfusion of low (20 μM) and high (100 μM) ascorbic acid (Asc) with ferrous Hb. This trend continued with ferric Hb co-perfusion, but only at the higher concentration of Asc. These observations suggest that perfusion of the hypoxic heart with ferric Hb increases oxidative stress thereby resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Intervention with Asc to reduce ferric Hb may offer a strategy to control Hb toxicity; however, timing of administration, and dosage of Asc may require individual optimization to target specific redox forms of Hb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makhosazane Edmondson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Hyen Baek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Yamei Gao
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Disease, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kassa T, Wood F, Strader MB, Alayash AI. Antisickling Drugs Targeting βCys93 Reduce Iron Oxidation and Oxidative Changes in Sickle Cell Hemoglobin. Front Physiol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31396101 PMCID: PMC6668304 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a single point mutation in the β globin gene where glutamic acid is replaced by valine at the sixth position of the β chain of hemoglobin (Hb). At low oxygen tension, the polymerization of deoxyHbS into fibers occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) leading to an impaired blood vessel transit. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), when oxidized with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), stays longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl (Fe4+) form causing irreversible oxidation of βCys93 to a destabilizing cysteic acid. We have previously reported that an antisickling drug can be designed to bind specifically to βCys93 and effectively protect against its irreversible oxidation by H2O2. Here, we report oxygen dissociation, oxidation, and polymerization kinetic reactions for four antisickling drugs (under different preclinical/clinical developmental stages) that either site-specifically target βCys93 or other sites on the HbS molecule. Molecules that specifically bind to or modify βCys93, such as 4,4′-di(1,2,3-triazolyl) disulfide (TD-3) and hydroxyurea (HU) were contrasted with molecules that target other sites on Hb including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and L-glutamine. All reagents induced a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) except L-glutamine. In the presence of H2O2 (2.5:1, H2O2:heme), both TD-3 and HU reduced the ferryl heme by 22 and 37%, respectively, which corresponded to a 3- to 2-fold reduction in the levels of βCys93 oxidation as verified by mass spectrometry. Increases in the delay times prior to polymerization of HbS under hypoxia were in the following order: TD-3 > HU > 5-HMF = L-glutamine. Designing antisickling agents that can specifically target βCys93 may provide a dual antioxidant and antisickling therapeutic benefits in treating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shet AS, Mendelsohn L, Harper J, Ostrowski D, Henry ER, Gwaabe E, Nichols J, Alayash AI, Eaton WA, Thein SL. Voxelotor treatment of a patient with sickle cell disease and very severe anemia. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:E88-E90. [PMID: 30592074 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun S. Shet
- Sickle Cell Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Laurel Mendelsohn
- Sickle Cell Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Julia Harper
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - David Ostrowski
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Eric R. Henry
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Eveline Gwaabe
- Sickle Cell Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Jim Nichols
- Sickle Cell Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Silver Spring Maryland
| | - William A. Eaton
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Strader MB, Liang H, Meng F, Harper J, Ostrowski DA, Henry ER, Shet AS, Eaton WA, Thein SL, Alayash AI. Interactions of an Anti-Sickling Drug with Hemoglobin in Red Blood Cells from a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:568-571. [PMID: 30794381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) includes hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive events, and ultimately end organ damage set off by the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS) into long fibers and sickling of red blood cells (RBCs). One approach toward mitigating HbS polymerization is to pharmacologically stabilize the oxygenated (R) conformation of HbS and thereby reduce sickling frequency and SCD pathology. GBT440 is an α-subunit-specific modifying agent that has recently been reported to increase HbS oxygen binding affinity and consequently delay in vitro polymerization. In addition, animal model studies have demonstrated the potential for GBT440 to be a suitable therapeutic for daily oral dosing in humans. Here, we report an optimized method for detecting GBT440 intermediates in human patient hemolysate using a combination of HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis. First, oxygen dissociation curves (ODCs) analyzed from patient blood showed that oxygen affinity increased in a dose dependent manner. Second, HPLC and integrated mass spectrometric analysis collectively confirmed that GBT440 labeling was specific to the α N-terminus thereby ruling out other potential ligand binding sites. Finally, the results from this optimized analytical approach allowed us to detect a stable α-specific GBT440 adduct in the patient's hemolysate in a dose dependent manner. The results and methods presented in this report could therefore potentially help therapeutic monitoring of GBT440 induced oxygen affinity and reveal critical insight into the biophysical properties of GBT440 Hb complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Hongying Liang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| | - Julia Harper
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
| | - David A Ostrowski
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
| | - Eric R Henry
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
| | - Arun S Shet
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - William A Eaton
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892-0520 , United States
| | - Swee L Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring , Maryland 20993 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng F, Kassa T, Strader MB, Soman J, Olson JS, Alayash AI. Substitutions in the β subunits of sickle-cell hemoglobin improve oxidative stability and increase the delay time of sickle-cell fiber formation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4145-4159. [PMID: 30630954 PMCID: PMC6422104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
After reacting with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS, βE6V) remains longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl form (HbFe4+=O) and induces irreversible oxidation of “hot-spot” amino acids, including βCys-93. To control the damaging ferryl heme, here we constructed three HbS variants. The first contained a redox-active Tyr in β subunits (F41Y), a substitution present in Hb Mequon; the second contained the Asp (K82D) found in the β cleft of Hb Providence; and the third had both of these β substitutions. Both the single Tyr-41 and Asp-82 constructs lowered the oxygen affinity of HbS but had little or no effects on autoxidation or heme loss kinetics. In the presence of H2O2, both rHbS βF41Y and βF41Y/K82D enhanced ferryl Hb reduction by providing a pathway for electrons to reduce the heme via the Tyr-41 side chain. MS analysis of βCys-93 revealed moderate inhibition of thiol oxidation in the HbS single F41Y variant and dramatic 3- to 8-fold inhibition of cysteic acid formation in rHbS βK82D and βF41Y/K82D, respectively. Under hypoxia, βK82D and βF41Y/K82D HbS substitutions increased the delay time by ∼250 and 600 s before the onset of polymerization compared with the rHbS control and rHbS βF41Y, respectively. Moreover, at 60 °C, rHbS βK82D exhibited superior structural stability. Asp-82 also enhanced the function of Tyr as a redox-active amino acid in the rHbS βF41Y/K82D variant. We conclude that the βK82D and βF41Y substitutions add significant resistance to oxidative stress and anti-sickling properties to HbS and therefore could be potential genome-editing targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Tigist Kassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Jayashree Soman
- the BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - John S Olson
- the BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jana S, Strader MB, Meng F, Hicks W, Kassa T, Tarandovskiy I, De Paoli S, Simak J, Heaven MR, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM, Alayash AI. Hemoglobin oxidation-dependent reactions promote interactions with band 3 and oxidative changes in sickle cell-derived microparticles. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120451. [PMID: 30385713 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation to RBC-derived microparticle (MP) formation is poorly defined in sickle cell disease (SCD). Here we report that sickle Hb (HbS) oxidation, coupled with changes in cytosolic antioxidative proteins, is associated with membrane alterations and MP formation in homozygous Townes-sickle cell (Townes-SS) mice. Photometric and proteomic analyses confirmed the presence of high levels of Hb oxidation intermediates (ferric/ferryl) and consequent β-globin posttranslational modifications, including the irreversible oxidation of βCys93 and the ubiquitination of βLys96 and βLys145. This is the first report to our knowledge to link the UPS (via ubiquitinated Hb and other proteins) to oxidative stress. Ferryl Hb also induced complex formation with band 3 and RBC membrane proteins. Incubation of Townes-SS MPs with human endothelial cells caused greater loss of monolayer integrity, apoptotic activation, heme oxygenase-1 induction, and concomitant bioenergetic imbalance compared with control Townes-AA MPs. MPs obtained from Townes-SS mice treated with hydroxyurea produced fewer posttranslational Hb modifications. In vitro, hydroxyurea reduced the levels of ferryl Hb and shielded its target residue, βCys93, by a process of S-nitrosylation. These mechanistic analyses suggest potential antioxidative therapeutic modalities that may interrupt MP heme-mediated pathophysiology in SCD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | - Wayne Hicks
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | - Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | | | - Silvia De Paoli
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Simak
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kettisen K, Strader MB, Wood F, Alayash AI, Bülow L. Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues alters oxidative stability of fetal hemoglobin. Redox Biol 2018; 19:218-225. [PMID: 30193183 PMCID: PMC6126208 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox active cysteine residues including βCys93 are part of hemoglobin's "oxidation hotspot". Irreversible oxidation of βCys93 ultimately leads to the collapse of the hemoglobin structure and release of heme. Human fetal hemoglobin (HbF), similarly to the adult hemoglobin (HbA), carries redox active γCys93 in the vicinity of the heme pocket. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used in this study to examine the impact of removal and/or addition of cysteine residues in HbF. The redox activities of the recombinant mutants were examined by determining the spontaneous autoxidation rate, the hydrogen peroxide induced ferric to ferryl oxidation rate, and irreversible oxidation of cysteine by quantitative mass spectrometry. We found that substitution of γCys93Ala resulted in oxidative instability characterized by increased oxidation rates. Moreover, the addition of a cysteine residue at α19 on the exposed surface of the α-chain altered the regular electron transfer pathway within the protein by forming an alternative oxidative site. This may also create an accessible site for di-sulfide bonding between Hb subunits. Engineering of cysteine residues at suitable locations may be useful as a tool for managing oxidation in a protein, and for Hb, a way to stave off oxidation reactions resulting in a protein structural collapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kettisen
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Leif Bülow
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kassa T, Strader MB, Nakagawa A, Zapol WM, Alayash AI. Targeting βCys93 in hemoglobin S with an antisickling agent possessing dual allosteric and antioxidant effects. Metallomics 2018; 9:1260-1270. [PMID: 28770911 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a β globin gene mutation of hemoglobin (HbS). The polymerization of deoxyHbS and its subsequent aggregation (into long fibers) is the primary molecular event which leads to red blood cell (RBC) sickling and ultimately hemolytic anemia. We have recently suggested that HbS oxidative toxicity may also contribute to SCD pathophysiology due to its defective pseudoperoxidase activity. As a consequence, a persistently higher oxidized ferryl heme is formed which irreversibly oxidizes "hotspot" residues (particularly βCys93) causing protein unfolding and subsequent heme loss. In this report we confirmed first, the allosteric effect of a newly developed reagent (di(5-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)disulfide) (TD-1) on oxygen affinity within SS RBCs. There was a considerable left shift in oxygen equilibrium curves (OECs) representing treated SS cells. Under hypoxic conditions, TD-1 treatment of HbS resulted in an approximately 200 s increase in the delay time of HbS polymerization over the untreated HbS control. The effect of TD-1 binding to HbS was also tested on oxidative reactions by incrementally treating HbS with increasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. Under these experimental conditions, ferryl levels were consistently reduced by approximately 35% in the presence of TD-1. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that upon binding to βCys93, TD-1 effectively blocked irreversible oxidation of this residue. In conclusion, TD-1 appears to shield βCys93 (the end point of radical formation in HbS) and when coupled with its allosteric effect on oxygen affinity may provide new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meng F, Kassa T, Jana S, Wood F, Zhang X, Jia Y, D’Agnillo F, Alayash AI. Comprehensive Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier Therapeutics: All HBOCs Are Not Created Equally. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1560-1575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yiping Jia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Felice D’Agnillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jana S, Meng F, Hirsch RE, Friedman JM, Alayash AI. Oxidized Mutant Human Hemoglobins S and E Induce Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetic Dysfunction in Human Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1082. [PMID: 29311995 PMCID: PMC5742253 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell free hemoglobin (Hb), becomes oxidized in the circulation during hemolytic episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia and may potentially cause major complications that are damaging to the vascular system. Hemolytic anemias are commonly associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and often result from dysfunction of lung endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different Hbs on cultured human lung endothelial function. Toward this goal, endothelial permeability, oxidative stress response parameters, glycolytic and mitochondrial bioenergetic functions were monitored in cultured human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC) following incubation with human adult Hb (HbA), and Hb isolated from patients with sickle cell Hb (HbS, βV6E) and HbE (βE26K) that commonly co-exist with β-thalassemia. These mutant Hbs are known for their distinct oxidative profiles. HPAEC treated with the ferrous forms of HbE, HbS for 24 h showed higher loss of endothelial monolayer integrity with concomitant rise in reactive oxygen radical production, lipid hydroperoxide formation and higher expressions of oxidative stress response proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) accompanied by a rise in uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. Loss of membrane permeability was diminished in part by haptoglobin (Hp, protein scavenger), hemopexin (Hpx, heme scavenger) or ascorbate (reducing agent). To understand the role of Hb oxidation, HPAEC were exposed to ferric or ferryl states of the mutant Hbs. Ferryl forms of all proteins caused a significant damage to the endothelial monolayer integrity at a higher degree than their respective ferric Hbs. Ferryl forms of HbS and HbE also caused a loss of respiratory chain complex activities in isolated endothelial mitochondria and basal oxygen consumption in HPAEC. However, longer incubation with ferryl Hbs produced bioenergetic reprogramming including higher degree of uncoupled respiration and glycolytic rate. The data in this report collectively indicate that higher oxidation forms of HbS and HbE cause endothelial dysfunction through distinct damaging mechanisms involving mitochondrial bioenergetic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rhoda E Hirsch
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine and Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joel M Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vostal JG, Buehler PW, Gelderman MP, Alayash AI, Doctor A, Zimring JC, Glynn SA, Hess JR, Klein H, Acker JP, Spinella PC, D'Alessandro A, Palsson B, Raife TJ, Busch MP, McMahon TJ, Intaglietta M, Swartz HM, Dubick MA, Cardin S, Patel RP, Natanson C, Weisel JW, Muszynski JA, Norris PJ, Ness PM. Proceedings of the Food and Drug Administration's public workshop on new red blood cell product regulatory science 2016. Transfusion 2017; 58:255-266. [PMID: 29243830 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a workshop on red blood cell (RBC) product regulatory science on October 6 and 7, 2016, at the Natcher Conference Center on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The workshop was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH; the Department of Defense; the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services; and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA. The workshop reviewed the status and scientific basis of the current regulatory framework and the available scientific tools to expand it to evaluate innovative and future RBC transfusion products. A full record of the proceedings is available on the FDA website (http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/NewsEvents/WorkshopsMeetingsConferences/ucm507890.htm). The contents of the summary are the authors' opinions and do not represent agency policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav G Vostal
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Monique P Gelderman
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, OBRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alan Doctor
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Simone A Glynn
- Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John R Hess
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Hematology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Harvey Klein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jason P Acker
- Department of Research & Development, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Bernhard Palsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas J Raife
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Timothy J McMahon
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, and the Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marcos Intaglietta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Sylvain Cardin
- Naval Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Center for Free Radical Biology and Translational and Molecular Sciences Certificate Program, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - John W Weisel
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A Muszynski
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, Blood Systems, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | - Paul M Ness
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chintagari NR, Jana S, Alayash AI. Oxidized Ferric and Ferryl Forms of Hemoglobin Trigger Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Injury in Alveolar Type I Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:288-98. [PMID: 26974230 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0197oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveoli are lined by alveolar type (AT) 1 cells and cuboidal AT2 cells. The AT1 cells are likely to be exposed to cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) in multiple lung diseases; however, the role of Hb redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions and their precise contributions to AT1 cell injury are not well understood. Using mouse lung epithelial cells (E10) as an AT1 cell model, we demonstrate here that higher Hb oxidation states, ferric Hb (HbFe(3+)) and ferryl Hb (HbFe(4+)) and subsequent heme loss play a central role in the genesis of injury. Exposures to HbFe(2+) and HbFe(3+) for 24 hours induced expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein in E10 cells and HO-1 translocation in the purified mitochondrial fractions. Both of these effects were intensified with increasing oxidation states of Hb. Next, we examined the effects of Hb oxidation and free heme on mitochondrial bioenergetic function by measuring changes in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and oxygen consumption rate. In contrast to HbFe(2+), HbFe(3+) reduced basal oxygen consumption rate, indicating compromised mitochondrial activity. However, HbFe(4+) exposure not only induced early expression of HO-1 but also caused mitochondrial dysfunction within 12 hours when compared with HbFe(2+) and HbFe(3+). Exposure to HbFe(4+) for 24 hours also caused mitochondrial depolarization in E10 cells. The deleterious effects of HbFe(3+) and HbFe(4+) were reversed by the addition of scavenger proteins, haptoglobin and hemopexin. Collectively, these data establish, for the first time, a central role for cell-free Hb in lung epithelial injury, and that these effects are mediated through the redox transition of Hb to higher oxidation states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Polymerization of deoxy sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is well recognized as the primary event that triggers the classic cycles of sickling/unsickling of patients red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs are also subjected to continuous endogenous and exogenous oxidative onslaughts resulting in hemolytic rate increases which contribute to the evolution of vasculopathies associated with this disease. Compared to steady-state conditions, the occurrences of vaso-occlusive crises increase the levels of both RBC-derived microparticles as well as extracellular Hb in circulation. Common byproduct resulting from free Hb oxidation and from Hb-laden microparticles is heme (now recognized as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule) which has been shown to initiate inflammatory responses. This review provides new insights into the interplay between microparticles, free Hb and heme focusing on Hb's pseudoperoxidative activity that drives RBC's cytosolic, membrane changes as well as oxidative toxicity towards the vascular system. Emerging antioxidative strategies that include the use of protein and heme scavengers in controlling Hb oxidative pathways are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This Forum addresses oxidative reactions of hemoglobin (Hb) and explores the underlying mechanisms of some of these reactions that contribute to the pathophysiology associated with hemolytic anemia and Hb-based oxygen therapeutics. A special focus of this Forum is on the understanding of naturally occurring mutations in human Hb and how these mutations were influenced overtime by variety of oxidative stresses. What emerges from these contributions is that some hemoglobinopathies involve mutant Hb that resists oxidative challenges, whereas the majority often result in circulatory disorder. The contributors provide in-depth and comprehensive overviews on selected key mechanisms underlying Hb oxidative reactions in health and in disease states and how this knowledge may help in the design of countermeasures against these oxidative and toxicological pathways. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 745-747.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Bulow
- 1 Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Strader MB, Alayash AI. Exploring Oxidative Reactions in Hemoglobin Variants Using Mass Spectrometry: Lessons for Engineering Oxidatively Stable Oxygen Therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:777-793. [PMID: 27626360 PMCID: PMC5421604 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Worldwide demand has driven the development of hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as potential acellular oxygen therapeutics. HBOCs have the potential to provide an oxygen bridge to patients and minimize current problems associated with supply and storage of donated blood. However, to date, safety and efficacy issues have hampered the approval of viable HBOCs in the United States. These previous efforts have underscored the need for a better molecular understanding of toxicity to design safe and oxidatively stable HBOCs. Recent Advances: High-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS) has recently become a versatile tool in characterizing oxidative post-translational modifications that occur in Hb. When integrated with other analytical techniques, HRAM data have been invaluable in providing mechanistic insight into the extent of oxidative modification by quantifying oxidation in amino acids near the reactive heme or at specific "oxidative hotspots." CRITICAL ISSUES In addition to providing a deeper understanding of Hb oxidative toxicity, HRAM MS studies are currently being used toward developing suitable HBOCs using a "two-prong" strategy that involves (i) understanding the mechanism of Hb toxicity by evaluating mutant Hbs identified in patients with hemoglobinopathies and (ii) utilizing this information toward designing against (or for) these reactions in acellular oxygen therapeutics that will result in oxidatively stable protein. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future HRAM studies are aimed at fully characterizing engineered candidate HBOCs to determine the most oxidatively stable protein while retaining oxygen carrying function in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 777-793.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research , Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Meng F, Alayash AI. Determination of extinction coefficients of human hemoglobin in various redox states. Anal Biochem 2017; 521:11-19. [PMID: 28069451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of hemoglobin (Hb) redox forms in tissue and organ toxicities remain ambiguous despite the well-documented contribution of Hb redox reactivity to cellular and subcellular oxidative changes. Moreover, several recent studies, in which Hb toxicity were investigated, have shown conflicting outcomes. Uncertainties over the potential role of these species may in part be due to the protein preparation method of choice, the use of published extinction coefficients and the lack of suitable controls for Hb oxidation and heme loss. Highly purified and well characterized redox forms of human Hb were used in this study and the extinction coefficients of each Hb species (ferrous/oxy, ferric/met and ferryl) were determined. A new set of equations were established to improve accuracy in determining the transient ferryl Hb species. Additionally, heme concentrations in solutions and in human plasma were determined using a novel reversed phase HPLC method in conjugation with our photometric measurements. The use of more accurate redox-specific extinction coefficients and method calculations will be an invaluable tool for both in vitro and in vivo experiments aimed at determining the role of Hb-mediated vascular pathology in hemolytic anemias and when Hb is used as oxygen therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alayash AI. Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease: More Harm than Help? Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010002. [PMID: 28054978 PMCID: PMC5372714 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense efforts have been made by both industry and academia over the last three decades to produce viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), also known as “blood substitutes”. Human trials conducted so far by several manufactures in a variety of clinical indications, including trauma, and elective surgeries have failed and no product has gained the Food and Drug Administration approval for human use. Safety concerns due to frequent incidences of hemodynamic, cardiac events, and even death led to the termination of some of these trials. Several second generation HBOC products that have been chemically and/or genetically modified (or in some cases ligated with carbon monoxide (CO)) found a new clinical application in conditions as complex as sickle cell disease (SCD). By virtue of higher oxygen affinity (P50) (R-state), and smaller size, HBOCs may be able to reach the microvasculature unload of oxygen to reverse the cycles of sickling/unsickling of the deoxy-sickle cell Hb (HbS) (T-state), thus preventing vaso-occlusion, a central event in SCD pathophysiology. However, biochemically, it is thought that outside the red blood cell (due to frequent hemolysis), free HbS or infused HBOCs are capable of interfering with a number of oxidative and signaling pathways and may, thus, negate any benefit that HBOCs may provide. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using HBOCs in SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shah SN, Gelderman MP, Lewis EMA, Farrel J, Wood F, Strader MB, Alayash AI, Vostal JG. Evaluation of Stem Cell-Derived Red Blood Cells as a Transfusion Product Using a Novel Animal Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166657. [PMID: 27959920 PMCID: PMC5154495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliance on volunteer blood donors can lead to transfusion product shortages, and current liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with biochemical changes over time, known as ‘the storage lesion’. Thus, there is a need for alternative sources of transfusable RBCs to supplement conventional blood donations. Extracorporeal production of stem cell-derived RBCs (stemRBCs) is a potential and yet untapped source of fresh, transfusable RBCs. A number of groups have attempted RBC differentiation from CD34+ cells. However, it is still unclear whether these stemRBCs could eventually be effective substitutes for traditional RBCs due to potential differences in oxygen carrying capacity, viability, deformability, and other critical parameters. We have generated ex vivo stemRBCs from primary human cord blood CD34+ cells and compared them to donor-derived RBCs based on a number of in vitro parameters. In vivo, we assessed stemRBC circulation kinetics in an animal model of transfusion and oxygen delivery in a mouse model of exercise performance. Our novel, chronically anemic, SCID mouse model can evaluate the potential of stemRBCs to deliver oxygen to tissues (muscle) under resting and exercise-induced hypoxic conditions. Based on our data, stem cell-derived RBCs have a similar biochemical profile compared to donor-derived RBCs. While certain key differences remain between donor-derived RBCs and stemRBCs, the ability of stemRBCs to deliver oxygen in a living organism provides support for further development as a transfusion product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep N. Shah
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Monique P. Gelderman
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emily M. A. Lewis
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Farrel
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jaroslav G. Vostal
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi PA, Choi E, Chintagari NR, Nguyen J, Guo X, Yazdanbakhsh K, Mohandas N, Alayash AI, Manci EA, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM. Sustained treatment of sickle cell mice with haptoglobin increases HO-1 and H-ferritin expression and decreases iron deposition in the kidney without improvement in kidney function. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:714-723. [PMID: 27507623 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that extracellular haemoglobin and haem mediate inflammatory and oxidative damage in sickle cell disease. Haptoglobin (Hp), the scavenger for free haemoglobin, is depleted in most patients with sickle cell disease due to chronic haemolysis. Although single infusions of Hp can ameliorate vaso-occlusion in mouse models of sickle cell disease, prior studies have not examined the therapeutic benefits of more chronic Hp dosing on sickle cell disease manifestations. In the present study, we explored the effect of Hp treatment over a 3-month period in sickle mice at two dosing regimens: the first at a moderate dose of 200 mg/kg thrice weekly and the second at a higher dose of 400 mg/kg thrice weekly. We found that only the higher dosing regimen resulted in increased haem-oxygenase-1 and heavy chain ferritin (H-ferritin) expression and decreased iron deposition in the kidney. Despite the decreased kidney iron deposition following Hp treatment, there was no significant improvement in kidney function. However, there was a nearly significant trend towards decreased liver infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Shi
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Choi
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Julia Nguyen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karina Yazdanbakhsh
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Manci
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kassa T, Jana S, Meng F, Alayash AI. Differential heme release from various hemoglobin redox states and the upregulation of cellular heme oxygenase-1. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:876-84. [PMID: 27642551 PMCID: PMC5011486 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the oxidative pathways mediated by free hemoglobin (Hb), the precise contribution of its highly reactive redox forms to tissue and organ toxicities remains ambiguous. Heme, a key degradation byproduct of Hb oxidation, has recently been recognized as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, able to trigger inflammatory responses. Equally damaging is the interaction of the highly redox active forms of Hb with other biological molecules. We determined the kinetics of heme loss from individual Hb redox states-ferrous (Fe(2+)), ferric (Fe(3+)), and ferryl (Fe(4+))-using two different heme receptor proteins: hemopexin (Hxp), a naturally occurring heme scavenger in plasma, and a double mutant (H64Y/V86F), apomyoglobin (ApoMb), which avidly binds heme released from Hb. We show for the first time that ferric Hb (Fe(3+)) loses heme at rates substantially higher than that of ferryl Hb (Fe(4+)). This was also supported by a higher expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) when ferric Hb was added to cultured lung alveolar epithelial cells (E10). The reported cytotoxicity of Hb may therefore be attributed to a combination of accelerated heme loss from the ferric form and protein radical formation associated with ferryl Hb. Targeted therapeutic interventions can therefore be designed to curb specific oxidative pathways of Hb in hemolytic anemias and when Hb is used as an oxygen-carrying therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- a Chief, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Building 52/72, Room 4106 , Silver Spring , MD 20993 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rutardottir S, Karnaukhova E, Nantasenamat C, Songtawee N, Prachayasittikul V, Rajabi M, Rosenlöf LW, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Structural and biochemical characterization of two heme binding sites on α1-microglobulin using site directed mutagenesis and molecular simulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1864:29-41. [PMID: 26497278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a reductase and radical scavenger involved in physiological protection against oxidative damage. These functions were previously shown to be dependent upon cysteinyl-, C34, and lysyl side-chains, K(92, 118,130). A1M binds heme and the crystal structure suggests that C34 and H123 participate in a heme binding site. We have investigated the involvement of these five residues in the interactions with heme. METHODS Four A1M-variants were expressed: with cysteine to serine substitution in position 34, lysine to threonine substitutions in positions (92, 118, 130), histidine to serine substitution in position 123 and a wt without mutations. Heme binding was investigated by tryptophan fluorescence quenching, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, SPR, electrophoretic migration shift, gel filtration, catalase-like activity and molecular simulation. RESULTS All A1M-variants bound to heme. Mutations in C34, H123 or K(92, 118, 130) resulted in significant absorbance changes, CD spectral changes, and catalase-like activity, suggesting involvement of these side-groups in coordination of the heme-iron. Molecular simulation support a model with two heme-binding sites in A1M involving the mutated residues. Binding of the first heme induces allosteric stabilization of the structure predisposing for a better fit of the second heme. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that one heme-binding site is located in the lipocalin pocket and a second binding site between loops 1 and 4. Reactions with the hemes involve the side-groups of C34, K(92, 118, 130) and H123. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The model provides a structural basis for the functional activities of A1M: heme binding activity of A1M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kassa T, Jana S, Strader MB, Meng F, Jia Y, Wilson MT, Alayash AI. Sickle Cell Hemoglobin in the Ferryl State Promotes βCys-93 Oxidation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Epithelial Lung Cells (E10). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27939-58. [PMID: 26396189 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of intraerythrocytic deoxyhemoglobin S (HbS) is the primary molecular event that leads to hemolytic anemia in sickle cell disease (SCD). We reasoned that HbS may contribute to the complex pathophysiology of SCD in part due to its pseudoperoxidase activity. We compared oxidation reactions and the turnover of oxidation intermediates of purified human HbS and HbA. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) drives a catalytic cycle that includes the following three distinct steps: 1) initial oxidation of ferrous (oxy) to ferryl Hb; 2) autoreduction of the ferryl intermediate to ferric (metHb); and 3) reaction of metHb with an additional H2O2 molecule to regenerate the ferryl intermediate. Ferrous and ferric forms of both proteins underwent initial oxidation to the ferryl heme in the presence of H2O2 at equal rates. However, the rate of autoreduction of ferryl to the ferric form was slower in the HbS solutions. Using quantitative mass spectrometry and the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, we found more irreversibly oxidized βCys-93in HbS than in HbA. Incubation of the ferric or ferryl HbS with cultured lung epithelial cells (E10) induced a drop in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and impairment of cellular bioenergetics that was related to the redox state of the iron. Ferryl HbS induced a substantial drop in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increases in cytosolic heme oxygenase (HO-1) expression and mitochondrial colocalization in E10 cells. Thus, highly oxidizing ferryl Hb and heme, the product of oxidation, may be central to the evolution of vasculopathy in SCD and may suggest therapeutic modalities that interrupt heme-mediated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Fantao Meng
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Yiping Jia
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Michael T Wilson
- the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ratanasopa K, Strader MB, Alayash AI, Bulow L. Dissection of the radical reactions linked to fetal hemoglobin reveals enhanced pseudoperoxidase activity. Front Physiol 2015; 6:39. [PMID: 25750627 PMCID: PMC4335259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferrous (Fe(+2)) human hemoglobin (Hb) (α2β2) undergoes a rapid conversion to a higher oxidation ferryl state (Fe(+4)) which rapidly autoreduces back to the ferric form (Fe(+3)) as H2O2 is consumed in the reaction. In the presence of additional H2O2 the ferric state can form both ferryl Hb and an associated protein radical in a pseudoperoxidative cycle that results in the loss of radicals and heme degradation. We examined whether adult HbA (β2α2) exhibits a different pseudoenzymatic activity than fetal Hb (γ2α2) due to the switch of γ to β subunits. Rapid mixing of the ferric forms of both proteins with excess H2O2 resulted in biphasic kinetic time courses that can be assigned to γ/β and α, respectively. Although there was a 1.5 fold increase in the fast reacting γ /β subunits the slower reacting phases (attributed to α subunits of both proteins) were essentially the same. However, the rate constant for the auto-reduction of ferryl back to ferric for both proteins was found to be 76% higher for HbF than HbA and in the presence of the mild reducing agent, ascorbate there was a 3-fold higher reduction rate in ferryl HbF as opposed to ferryl HbA. Using quantitative mass spectrometry in the presence of H2O2 we found oxidized γ/β Cys93, to be more abundantly present in HbA than HbF, whereas higher levels of nitrated β Tyr35 containing peptides were found in HbA samples treated with nitrite. The extraordinary stability of HbF reported here may explain the evolutionary advantage this protein may confer onto co-inherited hemoglobinopathies and can also be utilized in the engineering of oxidatively stable Hb-based oxygen carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Leif Bulow
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chintagari NR, Nguyen J, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM, Alayash AI. Haptoglobin attenuates hemoglobin-induced heme oxygenase-1 in renal proximal tubule cells and kidneys of a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 54:302-6. [PMID: 25582460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD), a hereditary hemolytic disorder is characterized by chronic hemolysis, oxidative stress, vaso-occlusion and end-organ damage. Hemolysis releases toxic cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) into circulation. Under physiologic conditions, plasma Hb binds to haptoglobin (Hp) and forms Hb-Hp dimers. The dimers bind to CD163 receptors on macrophages for further internalization and degradation. However, in SCD patients plasma Hp is depleted and free Hb is cleared primarily by proximal tubules of kidneys. Excess free Hb in plasma predisposes patients to renal damage. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous Hp reduces Hb-mediated renal damage. To test this hypothesis, human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to HbA (50μM heme) for 24h. HbA increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme which degrades heme, reduces heme-mediated oxidative toxicity, and confers cytoprotection. Similarly, infusion of HbA (32μM heme/kg) induced HO-1 expression in kidneys of SCD mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the increased HO-1 expression in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Exogenous Hp attenuated the HbA-induced HO-1 expression in vitro and in SCD mice. Our results suggest that Hb-mediated oxidative toxicity may contribute to renal damage in SCD and that Hp treatment reduces heme/iron toxicity in the kidneys following hemolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Julia Nguyen
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Karnaukhova E, Rutardottir S, Rajabi M, Wester Rosenlöf L, Alayash AI, Åkerström B. Characterization of heme binding to recombinant α1-microglobulin. Front Physiol 2014; 5:465. [PMID: 25538624 PMCID: PMC4255499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M), a small lipocalin protein found in plasma and tissues, has been identified as a heme1 and radical scavenger that may participate in the mitigation of toxicities caused by degradation of hemoglobin. The objective of this work was to investigate heme interactions with A1M in vitro using various analytical techniques and to optimize analytical methodology suitable for rapid evaluation of the ligand binding properties of recombinant A1M versions. Methods: To examine heme binding properties of A1M we utilized UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, visible circular dichroism (CD), catalase-like activity, migration shift electrophoresis, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which was specifically developed for the assessment of His-tagged A1M. Results: The results of this study confirm that A1M is a heme binding protein that can accommodate heme at more than one binding site and/or in coordination with different amino acid residues depending upon heme concentration and ligand-to-protein molar ratio. UV/Vis titration of A1M with heme revealed an unusually large bathochromic shift, up to 38 nm, observed for heme binding to a primary binding site. UV/Vis spectroscopy, visible CD and catalase-like activity suggested that heme is accommodated inside His-tagged (tgA1M) and tagless A1M (ntA1M) in a rather similar fashion although the His-tag is very likely involved into coordination with iron of the heme molecule. SPR data indicated kinetic rate constants and equilibrium binding constants with KD values in a μM range. Conclusions: This study provided experimental evidence of the A1M heme binding properties by aid of different techniques and suggested an analytical methodology for a rapid evaluation of ligand-binding properties of recombinant A1M versions, also suitable for other His-tagged proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sigurbjörg Rutardottir
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Rajabi
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lena Wester Rosenlöf
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Strader MB, Hicks WA, Kassa T, Singleton E, Soman J, Olson JS, Weiss MJ, Mollan TL, Wilson MT, Alayash AI. Post-translational transformation of methionine to aspartate is catalyzed by heme iron and driven by peroxide: a novel subunit-specific mechanism in hemoglobin. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22342-57. [PMID: 24939847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.568980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A pathogenic V67M mutation occurs at the E11 helical position within the heme pockets of variant human fetal and adult hemoglobins (Hb). Subsequent post-translational modification of Met to Asp was reported in γ subunits of human fetal Hb Toms River (γ67(E11)Val → Met) and β subunits of adult Hb (HbA) Bristol-Alesha (β67(E11)Val → Met) that were associated with hemolytic anemia. Using kinetic, proteomic, and crystal structural analysis, we were able to show that the Met → Asp transformation involves heme cycling through its oxoferryl state in the recombinant versions of both proteins. The conversion to Met and Asp enhanced the spontaneous autoxidation of the mutants relative to wild-type HbA and human fetal Hb, and the levels of Asp were elevated with increasing levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Using H2(18)O2, we verified incorporation of (18)O into the Asp carboxyl side chain confirming the role of H2O2 in the oxidation of the Met side chain. Under similar experimental conditions, there was no conversion to Asp at the αMet(E11) position in the corresponding HbA Evans (α62(E11)Val → Met). The crystal structures of the three recombinant Met(E11) mutants revealed similar thioether side chain orientations. However, as in the solution experiments, autoxidation of the Hb mutant crystals leads to electron density maps indicative of Asp(E11) formation in β subunits but not in α subunits. This novel post-translational modification highlights the nonequivalence of human Hb α, β, and γ subunits with respect to redox reactivity and may have direct implications to α/β hemoglobinopathies and design of oxidatively stable Hb-based oxygen therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brad Strader
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Wayne A Hicks
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tigist Kassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Eileen Singleton
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Jayashree Soman
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - John S Olson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and
| | - Todd L Mollan
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Michael T Wilson
- the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Persistent safety concerns have stalled the development of viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). HBOCs have several advantages over human blood, including availability, long-term storage, and lack of infectious risk. The basis of HBOC toxicity is poorly understood, however, several mechanisms have been suggested, including Hb extravasation across the blood vessel wall, scavenging of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), oversupply of oxygen, and heme-mediated oxidative side reactions. Although there are some in vitro and limited animal studies supporting these mechanisms, heme-mediated reactivity appears to provide an alternative path that can explain some of the observed pathophysiological changes. Moreover, recent mechanistic and animal studies support a role for globin and heme scavengers in controlling oxidative toxicity associated with Hb infusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mollan TL, Jia Y, Banerjee S, Wu G, Kreulen RT, Tsai AL, Olson JS, Crumbliss AL, Alayash AI. Redox properties of human hemoglobin in complex with fractionated dimeric and polymeric human haptoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:265-77. [PMID: 24486321 PMCID: PMC4104362 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an abundant and conserved plasma glycoprotein, which binds acellular adult hemoglobin (Hb) dimers with high affinity and facilitates their rapid clearance from circulation after hemolysis. Humans possess three main phenotypes of Hp, designated Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. These variants exhibit diverse structural configurations and have been reported to be functionally nonequivalent. We have investigated the functional and redox properties of Hb-Hp complexes prepared using commercially fractionated Hp and found that all forms exhibit similar behavior. The rate of Hb dimer binding to Hp occurs with bimolecular rate constants of ~0.9 μM(-1) s(-1), irrespective of the type of Hp assayed. Although Hp binding does accelerate the observed rate of HbO2 autoxidation by dissociating Hb tetramers into dimers, the rate observed for these bound dimers is three- to fourfold slower than that of Hb dimers free in solution. Co-incubation of ferric Hb with any form of Hp inhibits heme loss to below detectable levels. Intrinsic redox potentials (E1/2) of the ferric/ferrous pair of each Hb-Hp complex are similar, varying from +54 to +59 mV (vs NHE), and are essentially the same as reported by us previously for Hb-Hp complexes prepared from unfractionated Hp. All Hb-Hp complexes generate similar high amounts of ferryl Hb after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Electron paramagnetic resonance data indicate that the yields of protein-based radicals during this process are approximately 4 to 5% and are unaffected by the variant of Hp assayed. These data indicate that the Hp fractions examined are equivalent to one another with respect to Hb binding and associated stability and redox properties and that this result should be taken into account in the design of phenotype-specific Hp therapeutics aimed at countering Hb-mediated vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Mollan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yiping Jia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | | | - Gang Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John S Olson
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | | | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jia Y, Alayash AI. Molecular Basis of Haptoglobin and Hemoglobin Complex Formation and Protection against Oxidative Stress and Damage. Regenerative Medicine, Artificial Cells and Nanomedicine 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/9789814472869_0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Jia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
In the last several years, significant work has been done studying hemoglobin (Hb) oxidative reactions and clearance mechanisms using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. One active research area involves the study of molecular chaperones and other proteins that are thought to mitigate the toxicity of acellular Hb. For example, the plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp) and the pre-erythroid protein alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) bind to acellular Hb and alpha-subunits of Hb, respectively, to reduce these adverse effects. Moreover, there has been significant work studying hemopexin and alpha-1 microglobulin, both of which are thought to be involved with hemin degradation. These studies have coincided with the timely publication of the first crystal structure of the Hb-Hp complex. In constructing this Forum, we have invited a number of researchers in the area of Hb and myoglobin (Mb) redox biochemistry, as well as those who have contributed fundamentally to our knowledge of Hp function. Our goal has been to update this critically important research area, because we believe that it will ultimately impact the practice of transfusion medicine in a number of important ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Mollan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abdu I. Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cooper CE, Schaer DJ, Buehler PW, Wilson MT, Reeder BJ, Silkstone G, Svistunenko DA, Bulow L, Alayash AI. Haptoglobin binding stabilizes hemoglobin ferryl iron and the globin radical on tyrosine β145. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2264-73. [PMID: 22702311 PMCID: PMC3638561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hemoglobin (Hb) becomes toxic when released from the erythrocyte. The acute phase protein haptoglobin (Hp) binds avidly to Hb and decreases oxidative damage to Hb itself and to the surrounding proteins and lipids. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning Hp protection is to date unclear. The aim of this study was to use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, stopped flow optical spectrophotometry, and site-directed mutagenesis to explore the mechanism and specifically the role of specific tyrosine residues in this protection. RESULTS Following peroxide challenge Hb produces reactive oxidative intermediates in the form of ferryl heme and globin free radicals. Hp binding increases the steady state level of ferryl formation during Hb-catalyzed lipid peroxidation, while at the same time dramatically inhibiting the overall reaction rate. This enhanced ferryl stability is also seen in the absence of lipids and in the presence of external reductants. Hp binding is not accompanied by a decrease in the pK of ferryl protonation; the protonated ferryl species still forms, but is intrinsically less reactive. Ferryl stabilization is accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of the peroxide-induced tyrosine free radical. EPR spectral parameters and mutagenesis studies suggest that this radical is located on tyrosine 145, the penultimate C-terminal amino acid on the beta Hb subunit. INNOVATION Hp binding decreases both the ferryl iron and free radical reactivity of Hb. CONCLUSION Hp protects against Hb-induced damage in the vasculature, not by preventing the primary reactivity of heme oxidants, but by rendering the resultant protein products less damaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bonaventura C, Henkens R, Alayash AI, Banerjee S, Crumbliss AL. Molecular controls of the oxygenation and redox reactions of hemoglobin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2298-313. [PMID: 23198874 PMCID: PMC4047995 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The broad classes of O(2)-binding proteins known as hemoglobins (Hbs) carry out oxygenation and redox functions that allow organisms with significantly different physiological demands to exist in a wide range of environments. This is aided by allosteric controls that modulate the protein's redox reactions as well as its O(2)-binding functions. RECENT ADVANCES The controls of Hb's redox reactions can differ appreciably from the molecular controls for Hb oxygenation and come into play in elegant mechanisms for dealing with nitrosative stress, in the malarial resistance conferred by sickle cell Hb, and in the as-yet unsuccessful designs for safe and effective blood substitutes. CRITICAL ISSUES An important basic principle in consideration of Hb's redox reactions is the distinction between kinetic and thermodynamic reaction control. Clarification of these modes of control is critical to gaining an increased understanding of Hb-mediated oxidative processes and oxidative toxicity in vivo. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review addresses emerging concepts and some unresolved questions regarding the interplay between the oxygenation and oxidation reactions of structurally diverse Hbs, both within red blood cells and under acellular conditions. Developing methods that control Hb-mediated oxidative toxicity will be critical to the future development of Hb-based blood substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bonaventura
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jia Y, Wood F, Buehler PW, Alayash AI. Haptoglobin preferentially binds β but not α subunits cross-linked hemoglobin tetramers with minimal effects on ligand and redox reactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59841. [PMID: 23555800 PMCID: PMC3612097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hemoglobin (Hb) and haptoglobin (Hp) exhibit an extremely high affinity for each other, and the dissociation of Hb tetramers into dimers is generally believed to be a prerequisite for complex formation. We have investigated Hp interactions with native Hb, αα, and ββ cross-linked Hb (ααXLHb and ββXLHb, respectively), and rapid kinetics of Hb ligand binding as well as the redox reactivity in the presence of and absence of Hp. The quaternary conformation of ββ subunit cross-linking results in a higher binding affinity than that of αα subunit cross-linked Hb. However, ββ cross-linked Hb exhibits a four fold slower association rate constant than the reaction rate of unmodified Hb with Hp. The Hp contact regions in the Hb dimer interfaces appear to be more readily exposed in ββXLHb than ααXLHb. In addition, apart from the functional changes caused by chemical modifications, Hp binding does not induce appreciable effects on the ligand binding and redox reactions of ββXLHb. Our findings may therefore be relevant to the design of safer Hb-based oxygen therapeutics by utilizing this preferential binding of ββXLHb to Hp. This may ultimately provide a safe oxidative inactivation and clearance pathway for chemically modified Hbs in circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Jia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mollan TL, Banerjee S, Wu G, Parker Siburt CJ, Tsai AL, Olson JS, Weiss MJ, Crumbliss AL, Alayash AI. α-Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) markedly decreases the redox potential and reactivity of α-subunits of human HbA with hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:4288-98. [PMID: 23264625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.412064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) is a molecular chaperone that binds monomeric α-subunits of human hemoglobin A (HbA) and modulates heme iron oxidation and subunit folding states. Although AHSP·αHb complexes autoxidize more rapidly than HbA, the redox mechanisms appear to be similar. Both metHbA and isolated met-β-subunits undergo further oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to form ferryl heme species. Surprisingly, much lower levels of H(2)O(2)-induced ferryl heme are produced by free met-α-subunits as compared with met-β-subunits, and no ferryl heme is detected in H(2)O(2)-treated AHSP·met-α-complex at pH values from 5.0 to 9.0 at 23 °C. Ferryl heme species were similarly not detected in AHSP·met-α Pro-30 mutants known to exhibit different rates of autoxidation and hemin loss. EPR data suggest that protein-based radicals associated with the ferryl oxidation state exist within HbA α- and β-subunits. In contrast, treatment of free α-subunits with H(2)O(2) yields much smaller radical signals, and no radicals are detected when H(2)O(2) is added to AHSP·α-complexes. AHSP binding also dramatically reduces the redox potential of α-subunits, from +40 to -78 mV in 1 m glycine buffer, pH 6.0, at 8 °C, demonstrating independently that AHSP has a much higher affinity for Fe(III) versus Fe(II) α-subunits. Hexacoordination in the AHSP·met-α complex markedly decreases the rate of the initial H(2)O(2) reaction with iron and thus provides α-subunits protection against damaging oxidative reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Mollan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alayash AI, Andersen CBF, Moestrup SK, Bülow L. Haptoglobin: the hemoglobin detoxifier in plasma. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 31:2-3. [PMID: 23140673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most studied proteins. However, oxidative toxicity associated with free Hb in circulation and its contribution to inflammation and complications of transfusion have only recently become active areas of research. New insights into the protective mechanisms of haptoglobin (Hp), a plasma protein, and a timely resolution of the crystal structure of the Hb-Hp complex made it possible to definitively link the functional and structural interplay between the two proteins. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the interactions between Hb and Hp under oxidative stress conditions, and how Hb's own damaging radicals are harnessed by complex formation. Potential therapeutic benefits of using Hp for inactivation and clearance of free Hb under a number of clinical settings are considered.
Collapse
|
50
|
Karnaukhova E, Krupnikova SS, Rajabi M, Alayash AI. Heme binding to human alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:2020-9. [PMID: 23000493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme is a unique prosthetic group of various hemoproteins that perform diverse biological functions; however, in its free form heme is intrinsically toxic in vivo. Due to its potential toxicity, heme binding to plasma proteins is an important safety issue in regard to protein therapeutics derived from human blood. While heme binding by hemopexin, albumin and α(1)-microglobulin has been extensively studied, the role of other plasma proteins remains largely unknown. METHODS We examined two acute-phase plasma proteins, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (α(1)-PI) for possible interactions with heme and bilirubin (BR), the final product of heme degradation, using various techniques: UV/Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). RESULTS According to our data, Hp exhibits a very weak association with both heme and BR; α(1)-PI's affinity to BR is also very low. However, α(1)-PI's affinity to heme (K(D) 2.0×10(-8)M) is of the same order of magnitude as that of albumin (1.26×10(-8)M). The data for α(1)-PI binding with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) suggest that the elimination of the iron atom from the porphyrin structure results in almost 350-fold lower affinity (K(D) 6.93×10(-6)M), thus indicating that iron is essential for the heme coordination with the α(1)-PI. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates for the first time that human α(1)-PI is a heme binding protein with an affinity to heme comparable to that of albumin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our data may have important implications for safety and efficacy of plasma protein therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|