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Kite TA, Chase A, Owens CG, Shaukat A, Mozid AM, O'Kane P, Routledge H, Perera D, Jain AK, Palmer N, Hoole SP, Egred M, Sinha MK, Cahill TJ, Anantharam B, Byrne J, Morris PD, Kean S, Sabra A, Aetesam-Ur-Rahman M, Mailey J, Demir O, Mouyis K, Abdalwahab A, Terentes-Printzios D, Kanyal R, Curzen N, Berry C, Gershlick AH, Ladwiniec A. Complex percutaneous coronary intervention in patients unable to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the UK-ReVasc Registry. J Invasive Cardiol 2024. [PMID: 38471155 DOI: 10.25270/jic/24.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac surgery for coronary artery disease was dramatically reduced during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many patients with disease ordinarily treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) instead underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to describe 12-month outcomes following PCI in patients who would typically have undergone CABG. METHODS Between March 1 and July 31, 2020, patients who received revascularization with PCI when CABG would have been the primary choice of revascularization were enrolled in the prospective, multicenter UK-ReVasc Registry. We evaluated the following major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months: all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stroke, major bleeding, and stent thrombosis. RESULTS A total of 215 patients were enrolled across 45 PCI centers in the United Kingdom. Twelve-month follow up data were obtained for 97% of the cases. There were 9 deaths (4.3%), 5 myocardial infarctions (2.4%), 12 repeat revascularizations (5.7%), 1 stroke (0.5%), 3 major bleeds (1.4%), and no cases of stent thrombosis. No difference in the primary endpoint was observed between patients who received complete vs incomplete revascularization (residual SYNTAX score £ 8 vs > 8) (P = .22). CONCLUSIONS In patients with patterns of coronary disease in whom CABG would have been the primary therapeutic choice outside of the pandemic, PCI was associated with acceptable outcomes at 12 months of follow-up. Contemporary randomized trials that compare PCI to CABG in such patient cohorts may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kite
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
| | - Alexander Chase
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Morriston Regional Heart Center, Swansea, UK
| | - Colum G Owens
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Center, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Peter O'Kane
- Dorset Heart Center, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Divaka Perera
- BHF Center of Research Excellence and NIHR Biomedical Research Center at King's College London, UK
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Barts Heart Center St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Nick Palmer
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen P Hoole
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Cahill
- Oxford Heart Center, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Byrne
- Department of Cardiology, King's College NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul D Morris
- Department of Cardiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sharon Kean
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ahmed Sabra
- College of Medicine, Swansea University, Morriston Regional Heart Center, Swansea, UK
| | - Muhammad Aetesam-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Mailey
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Ozan Demir
- BHF Center of Research Excellence and NIHR Biomedical Research Center at King's College London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Kyriacos Mouyis
- Barts Heart Center St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Abdalwahab
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Ritesh Kanyal
- Department of Cardiology, King's College NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Curzen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and Wessex Cardiac Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Glasgow, UK; Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Anthony H Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Ladwiniec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Bulluck H, Mozid AM. Optimising patient selection for CTO PCI - The PICA approach. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:445-446. [PMID: 36414044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heerajnarain Bulluck
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Abdul M Mozid
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Maznyczka AM, Matthews CJ, Blaxill JM, Greenwood JP, Mozid AM, Rossington JA, Veerasamy M, Wheatcroft SB, Curzen N, Bulluck H. Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography-Guided Management of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Contemporary Randomised Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237092. [PMID: 36498667 PMCID: PMC9735801 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes after fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided versus angiography-guided management for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) have produced conflicting results. We investigated the efficacy and safety of an FFR-guided versus angiography-guided management strategy among patients with obstructive CAD. Methods: A systematic electronic search of the major databases was performed from inception to September 2022. We included studies of patients presenting with angina or myocardial infarction (MI), managed with medications, percutaneous coronary intervention, or bypass graft surgery. A meta-analysis was performed by pooling the risk ratio (RR) using a random-effects model. The endpoints of interest were all-cause mortality, MI and unplanned revascularisation. Results: Eight RCTs, with outcome data from 5077 patients, were included. The weighted mean follow up was 22 months. When FFR-guided management was compared to angiography-guided management, there was no difference in all-cause mortality [3.5% vs. 3.7%, RR: 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62−1.60), p = 0.98, heterogeneity (I2) 43%], MI [5.3% vs. 5.9%, RR: 0.93 (95%CI 0.66−1.32), p = 0.69, I2 42%], or unplanned revascularisation [7.4% vs. 7.9%, RR: 0.92 (95%CI 0.76−1.11), p = 0.37, I2 0%]. However, the number patients undergoing planned revascularisation by either stent or surgery was significantly lower with an FFR-guided strategy [weighted mean difference: 14 (95% CI 3 to 25)%, p =< 0.001]. Conclusion: In patients with obstructive CAD, an FFR-guided management strategy did not impact on all-cause mortality, MI and unplanned revascularisation, when compared to an angiography-guided management strategy, but led to up to a quarter less patients needing revascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Maznyczka
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Connor J. Matthews
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Blaxill
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - John P. Greenwood
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Abdul M. Mozid
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jennifer A. Rossington
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Murugapathy Veerasamy
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Stephen B. Wheatcroft
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Nick Curzen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Coronary Research Group, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Heerajnarain Bulluck
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Parfrey S, Abdelrahman A, Blackman D, Blaxill JM, Cunnington MS, Greenwood JP, Malkin CJ, Mozid AM, Rossington JA, Veerasamy M, Wassef N, Wheatcroft SB, Bulluck H. Safety and efficacy of interrupting dual antiplatelet therapy one month following percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 36307769 PMCID: PMC9615356 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Very short duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has recently attracted a lot of attention with the introduction of newer generations stents. This is appealing, especially in patients at high bleeding risk. However, none of the trials were powered for the individual ischemic and bleeding endpoints. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating one-month versus routine duration of DAPT in patients undergoing PCI and reporting outcomes from the time of cessation of DAPT (1 month) to 1 year were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratios (RR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with the random-effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Four RCTs involving 26,576 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Cessation of DAPT after 1 month was associated with significantly less major bleeding [RR 0.70, 95%CI (0.51–0.95), P = 0.02, heterogeneity (I2) = 42%]. There was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality [RR 0.84 (95%CI 0.69–1.03), P = 0.10, I2 = 0%] and stroke [RR 0.71 (95%CI 0.45–1.13), P = 0.15, I2 = 42%] when compared to routine duration of DAPT. There was also no difference in myocardial infarction (MI) [RR 1.12 (95%CI 0.91–1.39), P = 0.28, I2 = 0%], and definite or probable stent thrombosis [RR 1.49 (95%CI 0.92–2.41), P = 0.11, I2 = 0%] with cessation of DAPT after 1 month. Cessation of DAPT 1 month after PCI was associated with significantly less major bleeding, but there was no difference in the rate of all-cause mortality, stroke, MI and stent thrombosis.
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5
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Matthews CJ, Kirby J, Blaxill JM, Greenwood JP, Mozid AM, Rossington JA, Veerasamy M, Wassef N, Wheatcroft SB, Bulluck H. Management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients aged ≥ 80 years: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Geriatr Cardiol 2022; 19:789-790. [PMID: 36338285 PMCID: PMC9618845 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Matthews
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Kirby
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Blaxill
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John P Greenwood
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul M Mozid
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Rossington
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Murugapathy Veerasamy
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Wassef
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heerajnarain Bulluck
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Michaels J, Parfrey S, Mozid AM, Veerasamy M, Bulluck H, Tayebjee MH. Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Patients With Suspected Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e115-e116. [PMID: 35501245 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Michaels
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Shane Parfrey
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Abdul M Mozid
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Murugapathy Veerasamy
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Heerajnarain Bulluck
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Muzahir H Tayebjee
- Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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7
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Kite TA, Ladwiniec A, Owens CG, Chase A, Shaukat A, Mozid AM, O'Kane P, Routledge H, Perera D, Jain AK, Palmer N, Hoole SP, Egred M, Sinha MK, Cahill TJ, Candilio L, Anantharam B, Byrne J, Walsh SJ, McEntegart M, Kean S, Siddique L, Budgeon C, Curzen N, Berry C, Ludman P, Gershlick AH. Outcomes following PCI in CABG candidates during the COVID-19 pandemic: The prospective multicentre UK-ReVasc registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 99:305-313. [PMID: 33942478 PMCID: PMC8239910 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To describe outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients who would usually have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Background In the United Kingdom, cardiac surgery for coronary artery disease (CAD) was dramatically reduced during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many patients with “surgical disease” instead underwent PCI. Methods Between 1 March 2020 and 31 July 2020, 215 patients with recognized “surgical” CAD who underwent PCI were enrolled in the prospective UK‐ReVasc Registry (ReVR). 30‐day major cardiovascular event outcomes were collected. Findings in ReVR patients were directly compared to reference PCI and isolated CABG pre‐COVID‐19 data from British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) and National Cardiac Audit Programme (NCAP) databases. Results ReVR patients had higher incidence of diabetes (34.4% vs 26.4%, P = .008), multi‐vessel disease with left main stem disease (51.4% vs 3.0%, P < .001) and left anterior descending artery involvement (94.8% vs 67.2%, P < .001) compared to BCIS data. SYNTAX Score in ReVR was high (mean 28.0). Increased use of transradial access (93.3% vs 88.6%, P = .03), intracoronary imaging (43.6% vs 14.4%, P < .001) and calcium modification (23.6% vs 3.5%, P < .001) was observed. No difference in in‐hospital mortality was demonstrated compared to PCI and CABG data (ReVR 1.4% vs BCIS 0.7%, P = .19; vs NCAP 1.0%, P = .48). Inpatient stay was half compared to CABG (3.0 vs 6.0 days). Low‐event rates in ReVR were maintained to 30‐day follow‐up. Conclusions PCI undertaken using contemporary techniques produces excellent short‐term results in patients who would be otherwise CABG candidates. Longer‐term follow‐up is essential to determine whether these outcomes are maintained over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kite
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Ladwiniec
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Colum G Owens
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Alexander Chase
- Morriston Regional Heart Centre, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Peter O'Kane
- Dorset Heart Centre, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Divaka Perera
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at King's College London, London, UK.,Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ajay K Jain
- Barts Heart Centre St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Nick Palmer
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen P Hoole
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Cahill
- Oxford Heart Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Byrne
- Department of Cardiology, King's College NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon J Walsh
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Margaret McEntegart
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sharon Kean
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laraib Siddique
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Charley Budgeon
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick Curzen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton & Wessex Cardiac Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Clydebank, UK.,Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Peter Ludman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony H Gershlick
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Venkatesan S, Jørgensen ME, Manning HJ, Andersson C, Mozid AM, Coburn M, Moonesinghe SR, Foex P, Mythen M, Grocott MPW, Hardman JG, Myles PR, Sanders RD. Preoperative chronic beta-blocker prescription in elderly patients as a risk factor for postoperative mortality stratified by preoperative blood pressure: a cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:118-125. [PMID: 31101323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that beta blockers are associated with increased perioperative risk in hypertensive patients. We investigated whether beta blockers were associated with an increased risk in elderly patients with raised preoperative arterial blood pressure. METHODS We conducted a propensity-score-matched cohort study of primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2004-13), including 84 633 patients aged 65 yr or over. Conditional logistic regression models, including factors that were significantly associated with the outcome, were constructed for 30-day mortality after elective noncardiac surgery. The effects of beta blockers (primary outcome), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, thiazides, loop diuretics, and statins were investigated at systolic and diastolic arterial pressure thresholds. RESULTS Beta blockers were associated with increased odds of postoperative 30-day mortality in patients with systolic hypertension (defined as systolic BP >140 mm Hg; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-3.51). After excluding patients for whom prior data suggest benefit from perioperative beta blockade (patients with prior myocardial infarction or heart failure), rather than adjusting for them, the point estimate shifted slightly (aOR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.09-3.89). Compared with no use, statins (aOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17-0.75) and thiazides (aOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10-0.78) were associated with lower mortality in patients with systolic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the safety of perioperative beta blockers may be influenced by preoperative blood pressure thresholds. A randomised controlled trial of beta-blocker withdrawal, in select populations, is required to identify a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Venkatesan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mads Emil Jørgensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helen J Manning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdul M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesia, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Ramani Moonesinghe
- University College London Hospitals & National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Pierre Foex
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Monty Mythen
- University College London Hospitals & National Institute of Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Puja R Myles
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert D Sanders
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Trials & Interdisciplinary Outcomes Network, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Venkatesan S, Myles PR, Manning HJ, Mozid AM, Andersson C, Jørgensen ME, Hardman JG, Moonesinghe SR, Foex P, Mythen M, Grocott MPW, Sanders RD. Cohort study of preoperative blood pressure and risk of 30-day mortality after elective non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018. [PMID: 28633374 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative blood pressure (BP) thresholds associated with increased postoperative mortality remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between preoperative BP and 30-day mortality after elective non-cardiac surgery. Methods We performed a cohort study of primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2004-13). Parsimonious and fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, including restricted cubic splines for numerical systolic and diastolic BP, for 30-day mortality were constructed. The full model included 29 perioperative risk factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, medications, and surgical risk scale. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for age (>65 vs <65 years old) and the timing of BP measurement. Results A total of 251 567 adults were included, with 589 (0.23%) deaths within 30 days of surgery. After adjustment for all risk factors, preoperative low BP was consistently associated with statistically significant increases in the odds ratio (OR) of postoperative mortality. Statistically significant risk thresholds started at a preoperative systolic pressure of 119 mm Hg (adjusted OR 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.02]) compared with the reference (120 mm Hg) and diastolic pressure of 63 mm Hg [OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.03-1.49)] compared with the reference (80 mm Hg). As BP decreased, the OR of mortality risk increased. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the risk associated with low BP was confined to the elderly. Adjusted analyses identified that diastolic hypertension was associated with increased postoperative mortality in the whole cohort. Conclusions In this large observational study we identified a significant dose-dependent association between low preoperative BP values and increased postoperative mortality in the elderly. In the whole population, elevated diastolic, not systolic, BP was associated with increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P R Myles
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H J Manning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - C Andersson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M E Jørgensen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Hardman
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - P Foex
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M Mythen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - M P W Grocott
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - R D Sanders
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Trials and Interdisciplinary Outcomes Network (ACTION), Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
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10
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Venkatesan S, Myles PR, Manning HJ, Mozid AM, Andersson C, Jørgensen ME, Hardman JG, Moonesinghe SR, Foex P, Mythen M, Grocott MPW, Sanders RD. Cohort study of preoperative blood pressure and risk of 30-day mortality after elective non-cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:174. [PMID: 28974084 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Venkatesan
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P R Myles
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - H J Manning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - C Andersson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M E Jørgensen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Hardman
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S R Moonesinghe
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - P Foex
- Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - M Mythen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical Outcomes Research Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia's Health Services Research Centre, London, UK
| | - M P W Grocott
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Southampton NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - R D Sanders
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Trials and Interdisciplinary Outcomes Network (ACTION), Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, B6/319 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3272, USA
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11
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Mozid AM, Mohdnazri S, Mannakkara NN, Robinson NM, Jagathesan R, Sayer JW, Aggarwal RK, Clesham GJ, Gamma RA, Tang KH, Kelly PA, Davies JR. Impact of a chronic total occlusion in a non-infarct related artery on clinical outcomes following primary percutaneous intervention in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Invasive Cardiol 2014; 26:13-16. [PMID: 24402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to assess the impact of a non-infarct related artery (IRA) chronic total occlusion (CTO) on clinical outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a real-world cohort of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective observational study of 1435 patients treated at a large single tertiary cardiac center providing a high-volume PPCI service. Patients with coexisting CTO (4.7%) were significantly more likely to have presented in cardiogenic shock and less likely to achieve TIMI 2/3 flow in the IRA post procedure resulting in lower ejection fraction and higher peak troponin-T levels. A concurrent CTO in a non-IRA was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (16.4% vs 3.1%; P<.001), 30-day mortality (19.4% vs 5.9%; P<.001) and long-term mortality (23.9% vs 12.2%; P=.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of a non-IRA CTO was independently predictive of mortality at 30 days (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-8.1) but not for long-term mortality. CONCLUSION The presence of a coexisting CTO in patients undergoing PPCI for STEMI is associated with adverse clinical outcomes; further work is required to improve prognosis in these patients, which may include early staged revascularization of the non-IRA CTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Mozid
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Nethermayne, Essex, SS16 5NL United Kingdom.
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12
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Mozid AM, Davies JR, Spratt JC. The utility of a guideliner™ catheter in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion with reverse cart-the “capture” technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 83:929-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M. Mozid
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre; Basildon, Essex SS16 5NL United Kingdom
| | - John R. Davies
- The Essex Cardiothoracic Centre; Basildon, Essex SS16 5NL United Kingdom
| | - James C. Spratt
- Forth Valley Royal Hospital; Larbert, FK5 4WR United Kingdom
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13
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Constantine AH, Mozid AM, Aggarwal R. Management of ST elevation myocardial infarction in pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201290. [PMID: 24114603 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 33-year-old lady in the second trimester of pregnancy presented to the emergency department having suffered a cardiac arrest at home. An emergency caesarean section was performed in the resuscitation area. On return of spontaneous circulation, a 12-lead ECG showed anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction. She was transferred to our tertiary centre for an emergency coronary angiography and was successfully treated, making a full recovery. This case report examines the relatively rare entity of myocardial infarction in pregnancy and looks at the mechanisms underlying this.
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14
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Showkathali R, Patel H, Ramoutar A, Roshanzamir S, Mozid AM, Kabir AM, Sayer JW, Clesham GJ, Aggarwal RK, Kelly PA. 158 TAKO-TSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED FOR PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN A HIGH VOLUME UK CENTRE. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Mannakkara NN, Mozid AM, Showkathali R, Sheikh AS, Tang KH, Robinson NM, Kabir AM, Jagathesan RO, Sayer JW, Kelly PA, Aggarwal RK, Clesham GJ, Davies JR, Gamma RA. 036 COMPARISON OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK VERSUS ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION REFERRED FOR PRIMARY PCI. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Mozid AM, Jones D, Arnous S, Saunders N, Wragg A, Martin J, Agrawal S, Mathur A. The effects of age, disease state, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on progenitor cell count and function in patients undergoing cell therapy for cardiac disease. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:216-23. [PMID: 22834565 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor/stem cell (BMSC) therapy for cardiac repair maybe limited by patient-related factors, such as age and the disease process itself. In this exploratory analysis, we assessed the impact of age, different disease states, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy on progenitor cell concentration and function in patients recruited to our clinical trials of BMSC therapy for ischaemic heart failure (IHD), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The concentrations of CD34+ cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured in the peripheral blood (PB) and BM of 201 patients. Additionally, cell mobilization following G-CSF and the functional capability of CD34+ cells (using a colony-forming unit assay) were assessed. We found that older age was associated with a lower PB CD34+ cell concentration in the whole study group as well as blunting the effect of G-CSF on BMSC mobilization in IHD patients. Nonischaemic heart failure (DCM) was associated with a significantly higher baseline PB CD34+ and EPC concentration compared to IHD. Following G-CSF treatment, the CD34+ cell concentration was greater in the BM compared to PB, however, the PB CD34+ cells appeared to have a greater and improved (compared to baseline) functional potential. Our results suggest treatment with G-CSF improves the functional potential of mobilized circulating progenitor cells compared to those in the BM. Further work is required to determine which source of cells is best for the purposes of cardiac repair following G-CSF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, London Chest Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Kirubakaran S, Behan MWH, Mozid AM, Sabharwal T, Rinaldi CA. Percutaneous balloon venoplasty of pacemaker-associated superior vena cava obstruction to facilitate upgrade to a biventricular pacing system. Europace 2011; 13:1798-800. [PMID: 21846645 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is an uncommon, but serious, complication of transvenous device implantation. We present a case of a 52-year-old lady admitted for upgrade to a biventricular pacemaker with significant SVC stenosis. Percutaneous balloon venoplasty of the SVC followed by insertion of biventricular pacing leads was carried out as a single procedure with no complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kirubakaran
- Department of Cardiology, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in medical and catheter-based therapy for acute myocardial infarction the 1-year mortality remains as high as 13% and the 5-year prognosis for patients with heart failure remains as high as 50%. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, a major determinant of prognosis, is associated with significant loss of cardiomyocytes which was previously thought to be irreversible as the heart was considered a post-mitotic organ. SOURCES OF DATA Review of literature published in peer reviewed journals and ClinicalTrials.Gov website. AREAS OF AGREEMENT There is now growing evidence that the human heart is capable of undergoing repair and in recent years there has been an increase in basic and clinical research with the aim of harnessing the regenerative properties of stem cells in order to facilitate restoration of myocardial function. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The mechanisms of action of cell therapy with regards to cardiac repair remain unsatisfactorily understood and the magnitude of benefit demonstrated in animal models is yet to be fully translated in humans. GROWING POINTS The number of clinical trials continues to increase and include treating patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure secondary to ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The future of this field of research will require closer collaboration between scientists and clinicians to understand how cell therapy works and to define the ideal cell type and method of delivery to be able to derive maximum benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M Mozid
- Department of Cardiology, The London Chest Hospital, UK
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Mozid AM, Coyle-Gilchrist ITS, Mazhar SS. Vasovagal ejaculation syncope. Heart 2009; 95:1900. [PMID: 19923330 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.168765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nanzer AM, Khalaf S, Mozid AM, Fowkes RC, Patel MV, Burrin JM, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. Ghrelin exerts a proliferative effect on a rat pituitary somatotroph cell line via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151:233-40. [PMID: 15296479 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1510233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide with GH-releasing and appetite-inducing activities and a widespread tissue distribution. Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a), and both ghrelin and the GHS-R1a are expressed in the pituitary. There are conflicting data regarding the effects of ghrelin on cell proliferation. A positive effect on proliferation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been found in hepatoma, adipose, cardiomyocyte and prostate cell lines. However, ghrelin has also been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on breast, lung and thyroid cell lines. We therefore examined the effect of ghrelin on the rat pituitary cell line GH3. METHODS RT-PCR was used for the detection of GHS-R1a and pre-proghrelin mRNA expression in GH3 cells. The effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation was studied using [(3)H]thymidine incorporation; cell counting and the activation of the MAPK pathway were studied using immunoblotting and inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine phosphatase pathways. RESULTS GHS-R1a and ghrelin mRNA expression were detected in GH3 cells. Ghrelin, at 10(-10) to 10(-6) M concentrations, significantly increased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation (at 10(-9) M, 183+/-13% (means+/-s.e.m.) compared with untreated controls), while 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate (PMA) at 10(-7) M (used as a positive control) caused a 212+/-14% increase. A reproducible stimulatory effect of desoctanoyl ghrelin was also observed on [(3)H]thymidine incorporation (135+/-5%; P<0.01 at 10(-9) M compared with control), as well as on the cell count (control 6.8 x 10(4)+/-8.7 x 10(3) cells/ml vs desoctanoyl ghrelin (10(-9) M) 1.04 x 10(5)+/-7.5 x 10(3) cells/ml; P<0.01). Ghrelin caused a significant increase in phosphorylated ERK 1/2 in immunoblotting, while desoctanoyl ghrelin showed a smaller but also significant stimulatory effect. The positive effect of ghrelin and desoctanoyl ghrelin on [(3)H]thymidine incorporation was abolished by the MAPK kinase inhibitor U0126, the PKC inhibitor GF109203X and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin 23, suggesting that the ghrelin-induced cell proliferation of GH3 cells is mediated both via a PKC-MAPK-dependent pathway and via a tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. This could also be clearly demonstrated by Western blot analysis, where a transient increase in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation by ghrelin was attenuated by all three inhibitors. CONCLUSION We have shown a novel role for ghrelin in stimulating the proliferation of a somatotroph pituitary tumour cell line, suggesting that ERK activation is involved in mediating the effects of ghrelin on cell proliferation. Desoctanoyl ghrelin showed a similar effect. As ghrelin has been shown to be expressed in both normal and adenomatous pituitary tissue, locally produced ghrelin may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nanzer
- Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 59 Bartholomew Close, Unit 1.1, London EC1A 7BE, UK
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Mozid AM, Tringali G, Forsling ML, Hendricks MS, Ajodha S, Edwards R, Navarra P, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. Ghrelin is released from rat hypothalamic explants and stimulates corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine-vasopressin. Horm Metab Res 2003; 35:455-9. [PMID: 12953161 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues have diverse effects on the hypothalamus including effects on appetite and the growth hormone axis as well as on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We previously studied the effect of synthetic growth hormone secretagogues on CRH and AVP release from rat hypothalami in vitro, and now report on the effects of ghrelin on CRH and AVP release. The ghrelin protein content and ghrelin output from rat hypothalamic explants was measured using a specific novel ghrelin enzyme immunoassay. The effect of 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M ghrelin on CRH and AVP release was studied in the rat hypothalamic explants, where stimulation with des-octanoyl ghrelin was used as control. The presence of both ghrelin mRNA and protein could be shown in the rat hypothalamus. Ghrelin output was detected in the incubation fluid of rat hypothalamic explants and could be stimulated with high potassium concentrations. Our data also demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ghrelin on both CRH and AVP release, while des-octanoylated ghrelin showed no effect on either peptide. In summary, the current data suggest that ghrelin is expressed in the hypothalamus both at RNA and the protein levels. Ghrelin stimulates the HPA axis in the rat via stimulation of both CRH, and particularly, AVP release from the hypothalamus. The local autocrine/paracrine and endocrine effects of ghrelin in the hypothalamus could influence all the hormonal systems involved in ghrelin effects, including growth hormone release, the HPA axis and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mozid
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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