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Gmel AI, Haraldsdóttir EH, Bragança FMS, Cruz AM, Weishaupt MA. Comparison of speed-dependent time, force and spatial parameters between Franches-Montagnes and European Warmblood horses walking and trotting on a treadmill. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 133:105005. [PMID: 38237705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Speed alterations affect many gait analysis parameters. How horses adapt to speed is relevant in many equestrian disciplines and may differ between breeds. This study described changes in gait parameters in 38 Warmblood (WB) and 24 Franches-Montagnes (FM) horses subjected to an incremental speed test at walk (1.35-2.05 m/s) and trot (3.25-5.5 m/s). Time, force and spatial parameters of each limb were measured with an instrumented treadmill and analysed with regression analysis using speed as the independent variable. With higher speeds, stride rate, length, over-tracking distance and vertical ground reaction forces increased while the impulses decreased. The parameters followed the same linear or polynomial regression curves independent of breed, while the slope (linear) or incurvation (polynomial) often differed significantly between breeds. Some differences between the breeds were associated with height and speed (e.g. stride length at walk), and would disappear when scaling the data. The main differences between the breeds seem to stem from the movement of the hind limbs, with the FM obtaining long over-tracking distances despite the shorter height at withers. Some parameters relevant to gait quality could be improved in the FM to resemble WB movement by strict selection using objective measurements systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Gmel
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland; Animal GenoPhenomics, Agroscope, Route de la Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
| | - E H Haraldsdóttir
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - F M Serra Bragança
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, CM, Utrecht 3584, the Netherlands
| | - A M Cruz
- Klinik für Pferdechirurgie und Orthopädie, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Frankfurterstrasse 108, Giessen 39352, Germany
| | - M A Weishaupt
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Bonassi Machado R, Pompei LDM, Nahas EAP, Nahas-Neto J, Costa-Paiva LD, Del Debbio SYO, Badalotti M, Wender MCO, Cruz AM. Efficacy and safety of ultra-low-dose estradiol and norethisterone in postmenopausal Brazilian women. Climacteric 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36977423 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2190507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ultra-low-dose continuous combination of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) in postmenopausal Brazilian women. METHODS Postmenopausal women (age 45-60 years) with amenorrhea >12 months and intact uterus, with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms, were included. The vasomotor symptoms and endometrial bleeding were evaluated by a daily diary for 24 weeks, and the women were assessed at baseline and endpoint. RESULTS A total of 118 women were included. The group treated with 0.5 mg 17β-E2/0.1 mg NETA (n = 58) showed a percentage reduction of 77.1% in the frequency of vasomotor symptoms versus 49.9% in the placebo group (n = 60) (p = 0.0001). The severity score showed a reduction in the treatment group when compared to the placebo (p < 0.0001). The adverse events were comparable between the groups; however, in the 0.5 mg 17β-E2/0.1 mg NETA group there were more complaints of vaginal bleeding; despite that, in most cycles in both treatment groups, more than 80% of women experienced amenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 0.5 mg 17β-E2/0.1 mg NETA in a continuous combination regimen was shown to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms in Brazilian postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bonassi Machado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jundiai School of Medicine, Jundiai, Brazil
| | - L de Melo Pompei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - E A P Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - J Nahas-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - L da Costa-Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - M Badalotti
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, PUC-RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M C O Wender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A M Cruz
- Department of Clinical Research, Libbs Farmacêutica Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Costa-Paiva L, O Wender MC, Machado RB, Pompei LM, Nahas EA, Nahas-Neto J, Del Debbio SY, Badalotti M, Cruz AM. Effects of ultra-low dose hormone therapy on biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Post Reprod Health 2022; 28:149-157. [PMID: 35938207 PMCID: PMC9500172 DOI: 10.1177/20533691221116769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the effects of ultra-low-dose hormone therapy (Ultra-LD HT) with 17β-estradiol 0.5 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.1 mg (E2 0.5/NETA 0.1) versus placebo on bone turnover markers (BTM) in postmenopausal women. Study Design A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed with 107 participants who received one tablet daily of E2 0.5/NETA 0.1 or placebo for 24-weeks. Bone formation markers-N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), and bone resorption markers-C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) and N-telopeptide crosslinked of type I collagen (NTX) were assessed before and at 12 and 24-weeks of treatment. Results Women treated with E2 0.5/NETA 0.1 had a significant reduction in the PINP marker from baseline (58.49 ± 21.12 μg/L) to week 12 (48.31 ± 20.99 μg/L) and week 24 (39.16 ± 16.50 μg/L). Placebo group, the PINP marker did not differ significantly. The analysis of the BSAP indicated a significant increase in the placebo group (13.8 ± 5.09 μg/L and 16.29 ± 4.3 μg/L, at baseline and week 24, respectively), whereas in the treatment group the values did not change. The analysis of the NTX marker showed a significant reduction only in the treatment group (43.21 ± 15.26 nM/mM and 33.89 ± 14.9 nM/mM, at baseline and week 24, respectively). CTX-I had a significant decrease in the treatment group from baseline (0.3 ± 0.16 ng/L) to week 12 (0.21 ± 0.14 ng/L) and week 24 (0.21 ± 0.12 ng/L). Conclusion Women receiving E2 0.5/NETA 0.1 experienced reductions in bone resorption and formation markers, an expected effect during the anti-resorptive therapy, suggesting a protective bone effect with the Ultra-LD HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Costa-Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Celeste O Wender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul–UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio B Machado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jundiai School of Medicine, Jundiai, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Pompei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ABC School of Medicine, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Eliana A Nahas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jorge Nahas-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu School of Medicine UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Achilles M Cruz
- Department of Clinical Research, Libbs Farmacêutica Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Seghers T, Maninchedda UE, Vidondo B, Ramseyer A, Cruz AM. Effect on kinematic gait variables of two methods of inertial measurement unit sensor attachment to the extremities of horses under controlled conditions of treadmill exercise in sound horses at the walk and trot: A pilot study. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Machado RB, Pompei LM, Badalotti M, Ferriani R, Cruz AM, Nahas E, Maia H. Effects of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone on menstrual-related symptoms: a randomised controlled trial. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2016; 22:11-16. [PMID: 27684740 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2016.1239077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy for menstrual-related symptoms of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in comparison with a 24/4 d cyclical regimen of the same formulation. METHODS This randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, multicentre study was conducted in women aged 18-39 years. Their menstrual-related symptoms were assessed using the Penn Daily Symptom Rating (DSR17). Participants were randomised to use an extended flexible regimen of 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (EE/DRSPe.flex), comprising 168 consecutive days with a 4-d hormone-free interval (HFI, allowing for management of unexpected bleeding) or a conventional 24/4 cyclical regimen of the same pill (EE/DRSP24/4). The primary measure of efficacy was the percentage change in DSR17 total score from baseline to cycle 6. The secondary measures of efficacy were the percentage changes in DSR17 total score from baseline after each 28-d interval throughout the entire study and in the scores for individual DSR17 symptoms. RESULTS The primary analysis demonstrated that EE/DRSPe.flex was not inferior to EE/DRSP24/4 (Mean DSR17 score 9.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.5, 20.6; p = 0.123). Analysis at intervals throughout the entire evaluation period showed greater reduction in DSR17 total score for EE/DRSPe.flex than for the 24/4 regimen (p < 0.001). The decreases in individual scores for the symptoms 'poor coordination' and 'depression/feeling sad/down or blue' were greater for the extended flexible regimen than for the cyclical regimen (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The extended flexible regimen was not inferior to the 24/4 cyclical regimen in terms of the primary endpoint. It significantly improved symptoms in the interval analysis, and the effects on specific DSR17 symptoms, compared with the cyclical regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Melo Pompei
- b Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , ABC School of Medicine , Santo André , Brazil
| | | | - Rui Ferriani
- d Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Achilles M Cruz
- e Department of Clinical Research , Libbs Farmacêutica Ltda , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Eliana Nahas
- f Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Botucatu School of Medicine (FMB-UNESP), UNESP - Sao Paulo State University , Botucatu , Brazil
| | - Hugo Maia
- g Centre for Research and Assistance in Human Reproduction , Federal University of Bahia , Salvador , Brazil
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Sukikara MH, Cruz AM, Felippe ECG, Anselmo-Franci JA, Canteras NS, de Oliveira CA, Felicio LF. Morphine-induced changes in opioid sensitivity in postpartum females: a unique progesterone response. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:1134-8. [PMID: 21696473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid peptides play an important role in maternal behaviour, as well as in physiological and pathological phenomena involving motivation. Daily 3.5 mg/kg doses of morphine from days 17-21 of pregnancy are able to change the expression of maternal behaviour patterns. However, the role of hormones on such opioid behavioural actions remains to be determined. The present study investigated the endocrine responses to this morphine treatment. Corticosterone, progesterone, oestradiol and prolactin serum concentrations were measured after each morphine injection. No significant differences were found in corticosterone, oestradiol or prolactin serum concentrations. The results suggest that the treatment was unable to promote different effects, other than those caused by saline injections. In morphine-treated animals, however, progesterone concentrations were consistently and significantly increased from days 18-20 of treatment. Thus, because this behavioural meaningful opioidergic stimulation during late pregnancy affects progesterone levels, the findings of the present study raise the hypothesis that this hormone may play a role in morphine-induced changes in opioid sensitivity during late pregnancy and early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Sukikara
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Mendes MF, Tilbery CP, Balsimelli S, Moreira MA, Cruz AM. [Box and block test of manual dexterity in normal subjects and in patients with multiple sclerosis]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001; 59:889-94. [PMID: 11733833 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2001000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently new disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) were introduced which can change the natural course of the disease. In clinical trials with these new agents the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is often used as a primary outcome instrument to measure neurological impairment and disability. A number of limitations have been identified when using the EDSS, some of wich are because the EDSS is an ordinal scale that is heavily biased to locomotor function. In this study we applied the box and block test of manual dexterity in normal subjects and relapsing-remitting MS patients. The results were that 64.8% of the female and 80.7% of the male patients had significant changes on this task compared with normal subjects, and as this test is easily applied and is sensitive in detecting upper extremity functional ability, we recommend its use in clinical trials to evaluate new drugs in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mendes
- Centro de Atendimento e Tratamento de Esclerose Múltipla da Disciplina de Neurologia, Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Butt TD, Cruz AM, Bailey JV, Crawford WH. Outcome of limb amputations in wapiti: 13 cases (1995-2001). Can Vet J 2001; 42:936-9. [PMID: 11769619 PMCID: PMC1476690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The object of this investigation was to determine the outcome of limb amputation in wapiti. Medical records of 13 wapiti that underwent limb amputation were reviewed to determine age, weight, sex, injury preceding amputation, limb amputated, amputation location, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome. Ages ranged from 3 months to 8 years and weights from 70 kg to 280 kg. All animals were female. Eleven animals sustained catastrophic long bone fractures prior to amputation. Five animals had front limb amputations and 8 had hind limb amputations. Of these animals, 1 with a front limb amputaiton and 5 with hind limb amputations survived. Postsurgical inability to stand is associated with hospitalization of > 1 day. Of the 13 wapiti reviewed, 5 with hind limb amputations have produced and reared offspring. Hind limb amputation can be considered a viable alternative to euthanasia when catastrophic orthopedic injuries occur in female wapiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Butt
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate podotrochlear bursa (navicular bursa) endoscopy as a diagnostic technique in horses and to correlate observations to radiographic and pathologic findings. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. SAMPLE POPULATION Seventeen equine cadaver forelimbs. METHODS Five standard radiographic views of the navicular region and a bursographic study with lateromedial and caudal tangential radiographic views were taken of each forelimb. Radiographic scoring of the navicular bone (0, excellent; 1, good; 2, fair; 3, poor) was performed using a previously reported technique. Endoscopic examination was performed using a 30 degrees wide-angle forward oblique-viewing, 4-mm outside diameter (OD), arthroscope. Four examiners using recorded videotapes made independent evaluations of bursal endoscopy. The specimens were then dissected and examined to verify radiographic and endoscopic findings. RESULTS The distribution of radiographic scores (RS) were 0 (5 limbs), 1 (7), 2 (2), and 3 (3). Abnormal endoscopic findings (fibrillation of the deep digital flexor tendon, a defect in the navicular bone fibrocartilage, and synovial hyperplasia) were identified in 3 limbs (2 with an RS of 1, and 1 with an RS of 3). The endoscopic observations made in the two RS 1 bursae were not confirmed on gross examination, whereas they were in the RS 3 specimen, which also had the only abnormal bursogram. Evaluation of the bursa on the side ipsilateral to the arthroscope portal was difficult. Complications of the technique included inadvertent penetration of the distal interphalangeal joint and the digital sheath, and superficial scoring of the navicular bone fibrocartilage. CONCLUSIONS Podotrochlear bursa endoscopy is feasible and may be a useful technique in identifying early abnormalities associated with podotrochleosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In horses with podotrochleosis, endoscopic examination of the podotrochlear bursa may improve identification of pathologic changes within the bursa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Smyth DA, Baptiste KE, Cruz AM, Naylor JM. Primary distension of the guttural pouch lateral compartment secondary to empyema. Can Vet J 1999; 40:802-4. [PMID: 10563241 PMCID: PMC1540006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, 420-kg quarter horse gelding was presented with a 2-month history of difficulty swallowing and dyspnea. The horse was diagnosed with a right guttural pouch empyema with many large chondroids. Two surgeries were required to completely remove all the chondroids from what proved to be a primary distension of the guttural pouch lateral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Smyth
- Kipling Veterinary Clinic, Saskatchewan
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Cruz AM, Bravo J, Rojas V. [Knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to acute respiratory infections in adults over 65 years old]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 1999; 15:851-7. [PMID: 10633207 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x1999000400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in individuals caring for the elderly (over 65 years of age) were evaluated. Home interviews were conducted with 245 persons: 136 lived in urban areas and 109 in rural areas. Mean age was 62 years. All interviewees could read and write. Some 52% of the elderly cared for themselves. A total of 33% smoked. They were generally unaware of the severity of signs and symptoms in ARIs (37% could not mention any). Some 47% did not follow the physician's orders. Self-medication with antibiotics was commonplace. A total of 28% failed to increase liquid intake during the course of ARIs. The results demonstrated insufficient knowledge and management of ARIs in the elderly. An educational program and specific intervention were conducted to improve the situation identified by the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Sociales, Instituto Pedro Kourí. Autopista del Mediodía Km. 6, La Lisa, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
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Cruz AM, Bailey JV, Fretz PB. Management of limb fractures in wapiti (Cervus elaphus): 22 cases (1993-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214:1829-32. [PMID: 10382027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine treatment and outcome of a series of wapiti (elk) with fractures of the limbs. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 22 wapiti. PROCEDURE Medical records were reviewed to determine affected limb and bone, fracture configuration, method of treatment, outcome, and complications. RESULTS 2 animals had fractures of the humerus; 8 had fractures of the radius, ulna, or both; 5 had fractures of the third metacarpal bone; 3 had fractures of the tibia; 2 had fractures of the femur; and 2 had fractures of the tarsal bones. Most fractures (n = 11) were closed, displaced, nonarticular fractures; 6 fractures were open. Four animals died or were euthanatized prior to fracture treatment, 2 were not treated because fractures had already healed, and 14 underwent fracture repair. In the remaining 2 animals, the affected limb was amputated. Five animals developed nonfatal complications (wound dehiscence, osteomyelitis [2 animals], delayed union, and malunion) and 2 developed fatal complications (gastrocnemius rupture and femoral fracture during recovery). Overall, 16 animals were discharged from the hospital, and all were doing well at follow-up, 2 months to 4 years after discharge. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In wapiti, limb fractures can be successfully treated by means of internal or external fixation. The high rate of fracture healing, even among wapiti with open fractures, should encourage veterinarians to repair limb fractures in wapiti.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Cruz AM, Barber SM, Kaestner SB, Townsend HG. Urethrorectal fistula in a horse. Can Vet J 1999; 40:122-4. [PMID: 10065321 PMCID: PMC1539560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Anomalies of the urethra are uncommon. Urethrorectal fistula in horses has only been reported in foals and only in conjunction with other congenital anomalies. This report describes the diagnosis, surgical management, and possible etiologies of a unique case of urethrorectal fistula in a mature gelding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Anaesthesiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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Cruz AM, Southerland LC, Duke T, Townsend HG, Ferguson JG, Crone LA. Intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation in the pregnant ewe. Uterine blood flow, intraamniotic pressure, and cardiopulmonary effects. Anesthesiology 1996; 85:1395-402. [PMID: 8968187 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199612000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgical procedures are being performed in pregnant women with increasing frequency. Maternal-fetal physiologic changes occurring during intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation are poorly understood, and maternal-fetal safety is of concern during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. A previous pilot study using end-tidal carbon dioxide-guided ventilation resulted in maternal and fetal acidosis and tachycardia during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Using serial arterial PCO2 to guide ventilation, this study was designed to evaluate maternal-fetal cardiopulmonary status, uterine blood flow, and the intraamniotic pressure effects of intraabdominal carbon dioxide insufflation in singleton pregnant ewes between 120 and 135 days of gestation. METHODS In a prospective randomized cross-over study, nine ewes were to receive either abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide to an intraabdominal pressure of 15 mmHg (n = 9; insufflation group) or receive no insufflation (n = 9; control group). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with end-tidal halothane (1 to 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration/100% oxygen). Mechanical ventilation was guided by serial maternal arterial blood gas analysis to maintain PaCO2 between 35 and 40 mmHg. Data from insufflated animals were collected during insufflation (60 min) and after desufflation (30 min). Control group data were collected and matched to similar time intervals for 90 min. Ewes were allowed to recover, and after a rest period (48 h) they were entered in the cross-over study. RESULTS During insufflation there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in maternal PaCO2 to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient and minute ventilation, with concomitant decreases in maternal end-tidal carbon dioxide and PaO2. Intraamniotic pressure increased significantly during insufflation. No significant changes were observed in maternal hemodynamic variables, fetal variables, or in uterine blood flow during the study. There were no fetal deaths or preterm labor in any of the animals during the experiment. CONCLUSIONS During the 1-h insufflation, a marked increase in PaCO2-to-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient was observed, suggesting that capnography may be an inadequate guide to ventilation during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in the pregnant patient. No other significant circulatory changes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
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Riley CB, Cruz AM, Bailey JV, Barber SM, Fretz PB. Comparison of herniorrhaphy versus clamping of umbilical hernias in horses: a retrospective study of 93 cases (1982-1994). Can Vet J 1996; 37:295-8. [PMID: 8705974 PMCID: PMC1576383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Many uncomplicated umbilical hernias have been managed successfully in foals by the application of a hernia clamp. Isolated reports of complications following clamp application have led some authors to suggest that it is an unsuitable method of treatment. Little information has been published comparing the complication rates associated with the use of hernia clamps and herniorrhaphy in the treatment of umbilical hernias. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the characteristics of clinical cases of umbilical hernia and to compare the complication rates following these 2 treatment approaches. Information was collected from records or from owners to identify the occurrence of complications and owner satisfaction following treatment. Of 93 cases, 10 complicated and 18 uncomplicated hernias were treated by herniorrhaphy, 40 uncomplicated hernias were treated by clamping, 1 originally uncomplicated hernia was treated by both techniques, and 24 cases were untreated. Nineteen percent of uncomplicated hernias treated by herniorrhaphy, and 19% of those clamped developed minor complications. This study demonstrates that although minor complications may be associated with either technique, they generally do not result in significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Riley
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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16
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Cruz AM, Riley CB, MacDonald DG, Ferguson JG. Use of mesenteric lymphangiography in a calf with chylothorax and chyloperitoneum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 206:1567-71. [PMID: 7775235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic abnormalities resulting in chylous effusion into a body cavity are uncommon in domestic animals. In a 6-day-old calf admitted to our hospital because of failure to suckle and abdominal distention, however, mesenteric lymphangiography revealed an obstruction of lymphatic flow. Laparoscopic examination of the abdomen was unsuccessful. Fluid accumulation was resolved in this calf by drainage. In cattle with chylothorax and concurrent chyloperitoneum in which a traumatic lesion of the thoracic duct is possible, conservative management, with drainage and supportive treatment, should be attempted prior to considering surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology, and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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17
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Albracht DC, LeBlanc RP, Cruz AM, Lamping KA, Siegel LI, Stern KL, Kelley EP, Stoecker JF. A double-masked comparison of betaxolol and dipivefrin for the treatment of increased intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116:307-13. [PMID: 8357055 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Noncardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are used for treatment of increased intraocular pressure. Because these agents may be absorbed systemically, their use is of concern in patients with restricted pulmonary function. We compared the efficacy of betaxolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, and dipivefrin, an alpha/beta-adrenergic agonist. Seventy-six patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were randomly assigned to receive either betaxolol 0.5% or dipivefrin 0.1%. Patients were examined at two weeks, one month, two months, and three months. Intraocular pressure reductions were similar, with a mean decrease of 4.1 mm Hg in the betaxolol group and 3.5 mm Hg in the dipivefrin group. Both treatments caused similar minor increases in heart rate, typical with alpha-adrenergic agonists but atypical with beta-blockers. Stinging or burning in the betaxolol group was significantly (P = .008) greater than in the dipivefrin group. Our findings suggest that betaxolol and dipivefrin therapy are effective, equivalent ocular hypotensive agents.
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18
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Gherpelli JL, Cruz AM, Tsanaclis LM, Costa HP, Garcia TG, Segre CA, Spina-França A. Phenobarbital in newborns with neonatal seizures. A study of plasma levels after intravenous administration. Brain Dev 1993; 15:258-62. [PMID: 8250146 DOI: 10.1016/0387-7604(93)90020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phenobarbital plasma levels were studied in a group of 25 newborn infants. Phenobarbital was administered i.v. in all cases throughout the study period. The mean loading dose was 19.4 mg/kg, ranging from 16.4 to 20.5, and the mean maintenance dose was 4.0 mg/kg/day, varying from 2.6 to 5.0. We obtained mean plasma levels of 22.9 micrograms/ml, 24 h after administering the loading dose. Mean plasma levels at 4, 7, 14 and 21 days were in the therapeutic range (15-40 micrograms/ml), with only a few cases falling outside of it. There was no difference in plasma phenobarbital levels between term and pre-term infants. Side effects were not seen in infants without a severe neurological impairment prior to drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gherpelli
- Maternity-School Hospital of Vila Nova Cachoeirinha, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Cruz AM, Naylor JM. A retrospective study of frostbite injuries in calves (1982-1991). Can Vet J 1993; 34:306-8. [PMID: 17424226 PMCID: PMC1686533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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20
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Chauhan BC, LeBlanc RP, Drance SM, Wijsman K, Cruz AM. Effect of the number of threshold determinations on short-term fluctuation in automated perimetry. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:1420-4. [PMID: 1945319 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the effect of multiple threshold determinations on local and global (root-mean-square) short-term fluctuation in 30 subjects (10 controls, 10 glaucoma suspects, and 10 glaucoma patients) with a mean age of 56.70 years. Five custom programs were designed on the Octopus perimeter in which the total number of threshold determinations was equal but in which thresholds at 2 principal locations were determined between 2 and 15 times. One randomly selected eye of each subject was first tested with the standard Octopus programs G1 and 31 followed by the custom programs. Local fluctuation initially increased with the number of threshold determinations and then stabilized after five determinations. Global fluctuation was not influenced by the number of determinations and the values obtained by the shorter custom programs were not significantly different from those obtained by the standard programs. Programs that determine thresholds only twice at a given location may underestimate local fluctuation. Furthermore, local fluctuation is de-emphasized by the "watering-down" effect of estimating global fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Chauhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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21
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Cruz AM. Will the European Community make the 1992 deadline on the abolition of internal border controls? Int Migr 1991; 29:447-82. [PMID: 12159611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Souza WJ, Coutinho SG, Lopes CW, dos Santos CS, Neves NM, Cruz AM. Epidemiological aspects of toxoplasmosis in schoolchildren residing in localities with urban or rural characteristics within the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1987; 82:475-82. [PMID: 3333944 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761987000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence tests (IF) for toxoplasmosis were performed on a total of 608 schoolchildren in elementary and junior high grades. 166 being in the Bonsucesso district (an urban region of Rio de Janeiro) and 442 children from locations within the lowlands of Jacarepaguá (with rural characteristics). All the IF-IgM were nonreactive, whilst 416 schoolchildren (68.4%) were IF-IgG serum-reactive (greater than or equal to 1:16). The percentages of serum-reactives in Jacarepaguá were significantly higher than in Bonsucesso, both as regards the total number of schoolchildren (p less than 0.001), as also when subdivided according to the age-grades from six to eight years (p less than 0.001) or from twelve to fourteen (p less than 0.05). Both in Jacarepaguá and in Bonsucesso, the prevalence of reactions in the 12 to 14 year age-grade was significantly greater than in the 6 to 8 year age-grade (p less than 0.001 in both cases). Expressively larger prevalences of serum reactions were found in Jacarepaguá among schoolchildren who preferred eating raw or undercooked meat, as well as among those having cats as pets; this occurred equally in the 6 to 8 year and in the 12 to 14 year age-grades. In Bonsucesso, the only significant difference was in the 6 to 8 year age-grades that had cats as pets. Thus, it has been verified that the risk of infection is greater and more precocious in localities with rural characteristics than in urban regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Souza
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departmento de Protozoologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Heughan C, Kepkay D, Cruz AM, Idikio H. Early gastric cancer. Can J Surg 1982; 25:83-5. [PMID: 7055771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early gastric cancer confined to the mucosa or submucosa, similar to that described in the Japanese literature, exists in Newfoundland, on area of North America in which gastric cancer is four times more prevalent that on the rest of the continent. If untreated, this early gastric cancer will progress to advanced disease. The clinical presentation of 10 patients suffering from cancer confined to the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach is described. The disease presents with acute or chronic bleeding or unexplained dyspepsia; no abnormality of the stomach can be seen on roentgenograms. The diagnosis may be suspected at endoscopic examination. Cytologic studies using touch preparations may be suggestive but the diagnosis should be confirmed by biopsy before operation is performed.
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