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Adler AJ. Letter from the Editor and Introduction to the 2023 Thematic Issue. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:1-5. [PMID: 38383287 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2321685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Adler AJ, Randall T, Schwartz LN, Drown L, Matthews S, Pace LE, Mugabo C, Kateera F, Bukhman G, Baganizi E, Ng'ang'a LM. What women want: A mixed-methods study of women's health priorities, preferences, and experiences in care in three Rwandan rural districts. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023. [PMID: 36815725 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore Rwandan women's experiences, priorities, and preferences in accessing health care for non-pregnancy-related conditions and inform development of healthcare services related to these conditions among women of reproductive age at district hospitals and health centers in Rwanda. METHODS We used a mixed-methods, exploratory sequential design. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with Rwandan women and coded thematically. A cross-sectional quantitative survey based on the qualitative data was administered to women attending health centers. RESULTS Seventeen interviews and 150 surveys were conducted. Women identified conditions including back pain, gynecologic cancers, and abnormal vaginal bleeding as concerns. They generally reported positive experiences while accessing health care and knowledge of accessing health care. Barriers to care were identified, including transportation costs and inability to miss work. Women expressed a desire for more control over their care and the importance of maintaining their dignity while accessing health care. CONCLUSION These findings provide useful insights to inform development of non-pregnancy-related healthcare services for women in Rwanda according to their priorities and preferences. The reported end-user health concerns, barriers to care, and diminished control over their care point to a need to evolve health systems around user-tailored needs and design interventions optimizing access whilst promoting dignified care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Adler
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Randall
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L N Schwartz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Drown
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Matthews
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L E Pace
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Mugabo
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - F Kateera
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - G Bukhman
- Center for Integration Science, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Global Noncommunicable Disease and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners in Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Baganizi
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - L M Ng'ang'a
- Partners In Health/Inshuti Mu Buzima, Kigali, Rwanda
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3
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Adler AJ. Letter from the Editor: 2022. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2123-2127. [PMID: 36548098 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2146509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-1319, USA
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Abstract
The past decade has seen the advent and widespread use of several immunotherapeutic modalities that have markedly improved treatment outcomes for patients with various cancers. Nevertheless, the study of cancer immunology traces its roots back to the inception of modern immunology, and played a critical role in the of discovery of central immunological concepts and development of key technologies and methodologies and that have propelled advances in all areas of immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Garcia Cruz D, Giri RR, Gamiotea Turro D, Balsbaugh JL, Adler AJ, Rodriguez A. Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Regulates Dendritic Cell Metabolic Programing and T Cell Priming Function. J Immunol 2021; 207:2374-2384. [PMID: 34588222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk with in vitro results demonstrating increased TNF-α and decreased IL-10 secretion from LAG3-deficient human B lymphoblasts. The hypothesis tested in this study was that Lag3 deficiency in dendritic cells (DCs) would significantly affect cytokine expression, alter cellular metabolism, and prime naive T cells to greater effector differentiation. Experimental approaches used included differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) to measure secreted cytokines, cellular metabolism, RNA sequencing, whole cell proteomics, adoptive OT-II CD4+Lag3 +/+ donor cells into wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and Lag3 -/- recipient mice, and ex vivo measurements of IFN-γ from cultured splenocytes. Results showed that Lag3 -/- BMDCs secreted more TNF-α, were more glycolytic, used fewer fatty acids for mitochondrial respiration, and glycolysis was significantly reduced by exogenous IL-10 treatment. Under basal conditions, RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of CD40 and CD86 and other cytokine-signaling targets as compared with WT. Whole cell proteomics identified a significant number of proteins up- and downregulated in Lag3 -/- BMDCs, with significant differences noted in exogenous IL-10 responsiveness compared with WT cells. Ex vivo, IFN-γ expression was significantly higher in Lag3 -/- mice as compared with WT. With in vivo adoptive T cell and in vitro BMDC:T coculture experiments, Lag3 -/- BMDCs showed greater T cell effector differentiation and proliferation, respectively, compared with WT BMDCs. In conclusion, Lag3 deficiency in DCs is associated with an inflammatory phenotype that provides a plausible mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans with LAG3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy L Balsbaugh
- Center for Open Research Resources and Equipment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; and
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
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6
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Adler AJ. Letter from the Editor: 2021. Immunol Invest 2021; 50:735-739. [PMID: 34459686 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1956723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Morales Del Valle C, Maxwell JR, Xu MM, Menoret A, Mittal P, Tsurutani N, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Induces CD4 T Cell Antitumor Immunity via an Innate-like Mechanism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1434-1445.e3. [PMID: 31042471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tumor-associated antigens inactivates cognate T cells, restricting the repertoire of tumor-specific effector T cells. This problem was studied here by transferring TCR transgenic CD4 T cells into recipient mice that constitutively express a cognate self-antigen linked to MHC II on CD11c-bearing cells. Immunotherapeutic agonists to CD134 plus CD137, "dual costimulation," induces specific CD4 T cell expansion and expression of the receptor for the Th2-associated IL-1 family cytokine IL-33. Rather than producing IL-4, however, they express the tumoricidal Th1 cytokine IFNγ when stimulated with IL-33 or IL-36 (a related IL-1 family member) plus IL-12 or IL-2. IL-36, which is induced within B16-F10 melanomas by dual costimulation, reduces tumor growth when injected intratumorally as a monotherapy and boosts the efficacy of tumor-nonspecific dual costimulated CD4 T cells. Dual costimulation thus enables chronic antigen-exposed CD4 T cells, regardless of tumor specificity, to elaborate tumoricidal function in response to tumor-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Maxwell
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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8
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Chen J, Ye X, Pitmon E, Lu M, Wan J, Jellison ER, Adler AJ, Vella AT, Wang K. IL-17 inhibits CXCL9/10-mediated recruitment of CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells to colorectal tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:324. [PMID: 31775909 PMCID: PMC6880503 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-17 family cytokines are potent drivers of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We and others have shown that IL-17 mainly signals to tumor cells to promote CRC, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. IL-17 also dampens Th1-armed anti-tumor immunity, in part by attracting myeloid cells to tumor. Whether IL-17 controls the activity of adaptive immune cells in a more direct manner, however, is unknown. METHODS Using mouse models of sporadic or inducible colorectal cancers, we ablated IL-17RA in the whole body or specifically in colorectal tumor cells. We also performed adoptive bone marrow reconstitution to knockout CXCR3 in hematopoietic cells. Histological and immunological experimental methods were used to reveal the link among IL-17, chemokine production, and CRC development. RESULTS Loss of IL-17 signaling in mouse CRC resulted in marked increase in the recruitment of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), starting from early stage CRC lesions. This is accompanied by the increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. IL-17 signaling also inhibits the production of T cell attracting chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 by tumor cells. Conversely, the inability of hematopoietic cells to respond to CXCL9/10 resulted in decreased tumor infiltration by CTLs and Tregs, decreased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, and increased numbers of tumor lesions. Blockade of IL-17 signaling resulted in increased expression of immune checkpoint markers. On the other hand, treatment of mouse CRC with anti-CTLA-4 antibody led to increased expression of pro-tumor IL-17. CONCLUSION IL-17 signals to colorectal tumor cells and inhibits their production of CXCL9/10 chemokines. By doing so, IL-17 inhibits the infiltration of CD8+ CTLs and Tregs to CRC, thus promoting CRC development. Cancer immunotherapy may be benefited by the use of anti-IL-17 agents as adjuvant therapies, which serve to block both IL-17-mediated tumor promotion and T cell exclusion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Staging
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Elise Pitmon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mengqian Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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9
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Konstorum A, Vella AT, Adler AJ, Laubenbacher RC. A mathematical model of combined CD8 T cell costimulation by 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) receptors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10862. [PMID: 31350431 PMCID: PMC6659676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined agonist stimulation of the TNFR costimulatory receptors 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40(CD134) has been shown to generate supereffector CD8 T cells that clonally expand to greater levels, survive longer, and produce a greater quantity of cytokines compared to T cells stimulated with an agonist of either costimulatory receptor individually. In order to understand the mechanisms for this effect, we have created a mathematical model for the activation of the CD8 T cell intracellular signaling network by mono- or dual-costimulation. We show that supereffector status is generated via downstream interacting pathways that are activated upon engagement of both receptors, and in silico simulations of the model are supported by published experimental results. The model can thus be used to identify critical molecular targets of T cell dual-costimulation in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Reinhard C Laubenbacher
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA.,Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA
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10
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Konstorum A, Vella AT, Adler AJ, Laubenbacher RC. Addressing current challenges in cancer immunotherapy with mathematical and computational modelling. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0150. [PMID: 28659410 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to boost a patient's immune response to a tumour. Yet, the design of an effective immunotherapy is complicated by various factors, including a potentially immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, immune-modulating effects of conventional treatments and therapy-related toxicities. These complexities can be incorporated into mathematical and computational models of cancer immunotherapy that can then be used to aid in rational therapy design. In this review, we survey modelling approaches under the umbrella of the major challenges facing immunotherapy development, which encompass tumour classification, optimal treatment scheduling and combination therapy design. Although overlapping, each challenge has presented unique opportunities for modellers to make contributions using analytical and numerical analysis of model outcomes, as well as optimization algorithms. We discuss several examples of models that have grown in complexity as more biological information has become available, showcasing how model development is a dynamic process interlinked with the rapid advances in tumour-immune biology. We conclude the review with recommendations for modellers both with respect to methodology and biological direction that might help keep modellers at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Reinhard C Laubenbacher
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA .,Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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11
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Mittal P, Abblett R, Ryan JM, Hagymasi AT, Agyekum-Yamoah A, Svedova J, Reiner SL, St Rose MC, Hanley MP, Vella AT, Adler AJ. An Immunotherapeutic CD137 Agonist Releases Eomesodermin from ThPOK Repression in CD4 T Cells. J Immunol 2018; 200:1513-1526. [PMID: 29305435 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agonists to the TNF/TNFR costimulatory receptors CD134 (OX40) and CD137 (4-1BB) elicit antitumor immunity. Dual costimulation with anti-CD134 plus anti-CD137 is particularly potent because it programs cytotoxic potential in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Cytotoxicity in dual-costimulated CD4 T cells depends on the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes), which we report is induced via a mechanism that does not rely on IL-2, in contrast to CD8+ CTL, but rather depends on the CD8 T cell lineage commitment transcription factor Runx3, which supports Eomes expression in mature CD8+ CTLs. Further, Eomes and Runx3 were indispensable for dual-costimulated CD4 T cells to mediate antitumor activity in an aggressive melanoma model. Runx3 is also known to be expressed in standard CD4 Th1 cells where it fosters IFN-γ expression; however, the CD4 T cell lineage commitment factor ThPOK represses transcription of Eomes and other CD8 lineage genes, such as Cd8a Hence, CD4 T cells can differentiate into Eomes+ cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells by terminating ThPOK expression. In contrast, dual-costimulated CD4 T cells express Eomes, despite the continued expression of ThPOK and the absence of CD8α, indicating that Eomes is selectively released from ThPOK repression. Finally, although Eomes was induced by CD137 agonist, but not CD134 agonist, administered individually, CD137 agonist failed to induce CD134-/- CD4 T cells to express Eomes or Runx3, indicating that both costimulatory pathways are required for cytotoxic Th1 programming, even when only CD137 is intentionally engaged with a therapeutic agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Rebecca Abblett
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam T Hagymasi
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Julia Svedova
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Matthew P Hanley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030;
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12
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Abstract
Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body. Termed "meta-inflammation," this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages located within the colon, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. A sentinel orchestrator of immune activity and homeostasis, macrophages adopt variable states of activation as a function of time and environmental cues. Meta-inflammation phenotypically skews these polarization states and has been linked to numerous metabolic disorders. The past decade has revealed several key regulators of macrophage polarization, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) family, and the interferon regulatory factors. Recent studies have also suggested that microRNAs and long noncoding RNA influence macrophage polarization. The pathogenic alteration of macrophage polarization in meta-inflammation is regulated by both extracellular and intracellular cues, resulting in distinct secretome profiles. Meta-inflammation-altered macrophage polarization has been linked to insulin insensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. Thus, further mechanistic exploration into the skewing of macrophage polarization promises to have profound impacts on improving global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Conn.
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13
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Liu K, Kurien BT, Zimmerman SL, Kaufman KM, Taft DH, Kottyan LC, Lazaro S, Weaver CA, Ice JA, Adler AJ, Chodosh J, Radfar L, Rasmussen A, Stone DU, Lewis DM, Li S, Koelsch KA, Igoe A, Talsania M, Kumar J, Maier-Moore JS, Harris VM, Gopalakrishnan R, Jonsson R, Lessard JA, Lu X, Gottenberg JE, Anaya JM, Cunninghame-Graham DS, Huang AJW, Brennan MT, Hughes P, Illei GG, Miceli-Richard C, Keystone EC, Bykerk VP, Hirschfield G, Xie G, Ng WF, Nordmark G, Eriksson P, Omdal R, Rhodus NL, Rischmueller M, Rohrer M, Segal BM, Vyse TJ, Wahren-Herlenius M, Witte T, Pons-Estel B, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Guthridge JM, James JA, Lessard CJ, Kelly JA, Thompson SD, Gaffney PM, Montgomery CG, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Alarcón GS, Langefeld CL, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Tsao BP, McCune WJ, Salmon JE, Merrill JT, Weisman MH, Wallace DJ, Utset TO, Bottinger EP, Amos CI, Siminovitch KA, Mariette X, Sivils KL, Harley JB, Scofield RH. X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases: Increased Prevalence of 47,XXX in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1290-1300. [PMID: 26713507 DOI: 10.1002/art.39560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47,XXX; occurring in ∼1 in 1,000 live female births) would be increased in patients with female-predominant diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjögren's syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to patients with diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and compared to controls. METHODS All subjects in this study were female. We identified subjects with 47,XXX using aggregate data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and, when possible, we confirmed the presence of 47,XXX using fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found 47,XXX in 7 of 2,826 SLE patients and in 3 of 1,033 SS patients, but in only 2 of 7,074 controls (odds ratio in the SLE and primary SS groups 8.78 [95% confidence interval 1.67-86.79], P = 0.003 and odds ratio 10.29 [95% confidence interval 1.18-123.47], P = 0.02, respectively). One in 404 women with SLE and 1 in 344 women with SS had 47,XXX. There was an excess of 47,XXX among SLE and SS patients. CONCLUSION The estimated prevalence of SLE and SS in women with 47,XXX was ∼2.5 and ∼2.9 times higher, respectively, than that in women with 46,XX and ∼25 and ∼41 times higher, respectively, than that in men with 46,XY. No statistically significant increase of 47,XXX was observed in other female-biased diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis or RA), supporting the idea of multiple pathways to sex bias in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Biji T Kurien
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sarah L Zimmerman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diana H Taft
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Lazaro
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carrie A Weaver
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John A Ice
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lida Radfar
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- Dean McGee Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David M Lewis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Shibo Li
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kristi A Koelsch
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ann Igoe
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mitali Talsania
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jay Kumar
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jacen S Maier-Moore
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Valerie M Harris
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5021, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - James A Lessard
- Valley Bone & Joint Clinic, 3035 DeMers Avenue, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Xianglan Lu
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Deborah S Cunninghame-Graham
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London
| | - Andrew J W Huang
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA
| | - Pamela Hughes
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gabor G Illei
- Sjögren's Syndrome Clinic, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Corinne Miceli-Richard
- Department of Rheumatology, Université Paris-Sud, AP-HP, INSERM U1012, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Edward C Keystone
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | | | - Gang Xie
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum and Toronto General Research Institutes, Departments of Medicine, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine & NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nelson L Rhodus
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Rohrer
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Barbara M Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London
| | | | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Center Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Government for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Judith A James
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan D Thompson
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carl L Langefeld
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine
| | - W Joseph McCune
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan College of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joan T Merrill
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael H Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel J Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tammy O Utset
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Charles R. Bronfman Institute for personalized medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Katherine A Siminovitch
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum and Toronto General Research Institutes, Departments of Medicine, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Rhumatologie, Responsable de l'Unité de Recherche Clinique Hôpitaux Universitaire Paris-Sud Université Paris-Sud, INSERM U1184 Head of Autoimmunity team, IMVA : Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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14
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Adler AJ, Mittal P, Ryan JM, Zhou B, Wasser JS, Vella AT. Cytokines and metabolic factors regulate tumoricidal T-cell function during cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:71-82. [PMID: 28000531 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer biology and genetics have fostered precision therapies targeting tumor-specific attributes. Immune-based therapies that elicit cytolytic T cells (CTL) specific for tumor antigens can provide therapeutic benefit to cancer patients, however, cure rates are typically low. This largely results from immunosuppressive mechanisms operating within the tumor microenvironment, many of which inflict metabolic stresses upon CTL. Conversely, immunotherapies can mitigate specific metabolic stressors. For instance, dual costimulation immunotherapy with CD134 (OX40) plus CD137 (4-1BB) agonists appears to mediate tumor control in part by engaging cytokine networks that enable infiltrating CTL to compete for limiting supplies of glucose. Future efforts combining modalities that endow CTL with complimentary metabolic advantages should improve therapeutic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Wasser
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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15
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Li H, Reksten TR, Ice JA, Kelly JA, Adrianto I, Rasmussen A, Wang S, He B, Grundahl KM, Glenn SB, Miceli-Richard C, Bowman S, Lester S, Eriksson P, Eloranta ML, Brun JG, Gøransson LG, Harboe E, Guthridge JM, Kaufman KM, Kvarnström M, Cunninghame Graham DS, Patel K, Adler AJ, Farris AD, Brennan MT, Chodosh J, Gopalakrishnan R, Weisman MH, Venuturupalli S, Wallace DJ, Hefner KS, Houston GD, Huang AJW, Hughes PJ, Lewis DM, Radfar L, Vista ES, Edgar CE, Rohrer MD, Stone DU, Vyse TJ, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, James JA, Turner S, Alevizos I, Anaya JM, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Montgomery CG, Scofield RH, Kovats S, Mariette X, Rönnblom L, Witte T, Rischmueller M, Wahren-Herlenius M, Omdal R, Jonsson R, Ng WF, Nordmark G, Lessard CJ, Sivils KL. Identification of a Sjögren's syndrome susceptibility locus at OAS1 that influences isoform switching, protein expression, and responsiveness to type I interferons. PLoS Genet 2017. [PMID: 28640813 PMCID: PMC5501660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common, autoimmune exocrinopathy distinguished by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Patients frequently develop serious complications including lymphoma, pulmonary dysfunction, neuropathy, vasculitis, and debilitating fatigue. Dysregulation of type I interferon (IFN) pathway is a prominent feature of SS and is correlated with increased autoantibody titers and disease severity. To identify genetic determinants of IFN pathway dysregulation in SS, we performed cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses focusing on differentially expressed type I IFN-inducible transcripts identified through a transcriptome profiling study. Multiple cis-eQTLs were associated with transcript levels of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) peaking at rs10774671 (PeQTL = 6.05 × 10-14). Association of rs10774671 with SS susceptibility was identified and confirmed through meta-analysis of two independent cohorts (Pmeta = 2.59 × 10-9; odds ratio = 0.75; 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.86). The risk allele of rs10774671 shifts splicing of OAS1 from production of the p46 isoform to multiple alternative transcripts, including p42, p48, and p44. We found that the isoforms were differentially expressed within each genotype in controls and patients with and without autoantibodies. Furthermore, our results showed that the three alternatively spliced isoforms lacked translational response to type I IFN stimulation. The p48 and p44 isoforms also had impaired protein expression governed by the 3' end of the transcripts. The SS risk allele of rs10774671 has been shown by others to be associated with reduced OAS1 enzymatic activity and ability to clear viral infections, as well as reduced responsiveness to IFN treatment. Our results establish OAS1 as a risk locus for SS and support a potential role for defective viral clearance due to altered IFN response as a genetic pathophysiological basis of this complex autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Tove Ragna Reksten
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - John A. Ice
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Bo He
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kiely M. Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stuart B. Glenn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Corinne Miceli-Richard
- Université Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, INSERM U1012, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Simon Bowman
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lester
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, SciLIfeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan G. Brun
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lasse G. Gøransson
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erna Harboe
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Kaufman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ketan Patel
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Developmental and Surgical Science, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, North Memorial Medical Center, Robbinsdale, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Swamy Venuturupalli
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly S. Hefner
- Hefner Eye Care and Optical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Glen D. Houston
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Heartland Pathology Consultants, Edmond, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. W. Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Hughes
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Developmental and Surgical Science, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David M. Lewis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Lida Radfar
- Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Evan S. Vista
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Contessa E. Edgar
- The Biology Department, Oklahoma Baptist University, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Rohrer
- Hard Tissue Research Laboratory, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Donald U. Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John B. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Sean Turner
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nelson L. Rhodus
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Barbara M. Segal
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Sud, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, INSERM U1012, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, SciLIfeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Roald Omdal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Institute of Cellular Medicine & NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, SciLIfeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Kathy L. Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Ryan J, Mittal P, Svedova J, Menoret A, Wasser JS, Adler AJ, Vella AT. A novel, dual-specific antibody conjugate targeting CD134 and CD137 costimulates T cells and elicits antitumor immunity. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.120.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibiting antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1, along with costimulatory agonists, exhibit impressive anticancer efficacy and evidence of durable tumor regression in patients. Despite this success however, many patients fail to respond, likely due to multiple immunosuppressive tactics employed by cancer cells. Combination therapies designed to counteract these immunosuppressive features show promise, but strategies relying on multiple agents suffer from logistical and regulatory challenges, as well as increased risks of adverse events. We developed a novel immunotherapeutic agent by fusing two TNFR family costimulatory agonists (anti-CD134/CD137) into a single biologic encompassing the therapeutic benefits of both agents while avoiding many of the drawbacks associated with traditional combination therapies. Our preliminary data show that this dual-specific, tetravalent antibody conjugate induces potent and differential in vitro potentiation of cytokine secretion from CD3-stimulated splenocytes, compared to that observed with single agonists alone or in combination. We hypothesize that this a consequence of unique signaling and hybrid costimulatory events. Secondly, this conjugate, referred to as OrthomAb, potently delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor burden in the aggressive B16 melanoma model. In vivo antitumor efficacy exceeded that of either individual unconjugated agonist. Importantly, this work establishes a framework for fusion of immunomodulatory biologics into a single drug with the benefit of combination immunotherapy to treat cancer.
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17
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Ryan JM, Wasser JS, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Enhancing the safety of antibody-based immunomodulatory cancer therapy without compromising therapeutic benefit: Can we have our cake and eat it too? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:655-74. [PMID: 26855028 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1152256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefit in treating patients with cancer and have paved the way for additional immune-modulating mAbs such as those targeting costimulatory receptors. The full clinical utility of these agents, however, is hampered by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can occur during therapy. AREAS COVERED We first provide a general overview of tumor immunity, followed by a review of the two major classes of immunomodulatory mAbs being developed as cancer therapeutics: checkpoint inhibitors and costimulatory receptor agonists. We then discuss therapy-associated adverse events. Finally, we describe in detail the mechanisms driving their therapeutic activity, with an emphasis on interactions between antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domains and Fc receptors (FcR). EXPERT OPINION Given that Fc-FcR interactions appear critical in facilitating the ability of immunomodulatory mAbs to elicit both therapeutically useful as well as adverse effects, the engineering of mAbs that can effectively engage their targets while limiting interaction with FcRs might represent a promising future avenue for developing the next generation of immune-enhancing tumoricidal agents with increased safety and retention of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Ryan
- a Department of Immunology , UConn Health , Farmington , CT , USA
| | | | - Adam J Adler
- a Department of Immunology , UConn Health , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- a Department of Immunology , UConn Health , Farmington , CT , USA
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18
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Tsurutani N, Mittal P, St Rose MC, Ngoi SM, Svedova J, Menoret A, Treadway FB, Laubenbacher R, Suárez-Ramírez JE, Cauley LS, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Endows Immunotherapeutic CD8 T Cells with IL-36 Responsiveness during Aerobic Glycolysis. J Immunol 2015; 196:124-34. [PMID: 26573834 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD134- and CD137-primed CD8 T cells mount powerful effector responses upon recall, but even without recall these dual-costimulated T cells respond to signal 3 cytokines such as IL-12. We searched for alternative signal 3 receptor pathways and found the IL-1 family member IL-36R. Although IL-36 alone did not stimulate effector CD8 T cells, in combination with IL-12, or more surprisingly IL-2, it induced striking and rapid TCR-independent IFN-γ synthesis. To understand how signal 3 responses functioned in dual-costimulated T cells we showed that IL-2 induced IL-36R gene expression in a JAK/STAT-dependent manner. These data help delineate a sequential stimulation process where IL-2 conditioning must precede IL-36 for IFN-γ synthesis. Importantly, this responsive state was transient and functioned only in effector T cells capable of aerobic glycolysis. Specifically, as the effector T cells metabolized glucose and consumed O2, they also retained potential to respond through IL-36R. This suggests that T cells use innate receptor pathways such as the IL-36R/axis when programmed for aerobic glycolysis. To explore a function for IL-36R in vivo, we showed that dual costimulation therapy reduced B16 melanoma tumor growth while increasing IL-36R gene expression. In summary, cytokine therapy to eliminate tumors may target effector T cells, even outside of TCR specificity, as long as the effectors are in the correct metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Soo Mun Ngoi
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Julia Svedova
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Forrest B Treadway
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Reinhard Laubenbacher
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jenny E Suárez-Ramírez
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Linda S Cauley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
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Mittal P, St Rose MC, Wang X, Ryan JM, Wasser JS, Vella AT, Adler AJ. Tumor-Unrelated CD4 T Cell Help Augments CD134 plus CD137 Dual Costimulation Tumor Therapy. J Immunol 2015; 195:5816-26. [PMID: 26561553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of immune-based cancer therapies to elicit beneficial CD8(+) CTLs is limited by tolerance pathways that inactivate tumor-specific CD4 Th cells. A strategy to bypass this problem is to engage tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells. Thus, CD4 T cells, regardless of their specificity per se, can boost CD8(+) CTL priming as long as the cognate epitopes are linked via presentation on the same dendritic cell. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic impact of engaging tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells during dual costimulation with CD134 plus CD137 that provide help via the above-mentioned classical linked pathway, as well as provide nonlinked help that facilitates CTL function in T cells not directly responding to cognate Ag. We found that engagement of tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells dramatically boosted the ability of dual costimulation to control the growth of established B16 melanomas. Surprisingly, this effect depended upon a CD134-dependent component that was extrinsic to the tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells, suggesting that the dual costimulated helper cells are themselves helped by a CD134(+) cell(s). Nevertheless, the delivery of therapeutic help tracked with an increased frequency of tumor-infiltrating granzyme B(+) effector CD8 T cells and a reciprocal decrease in Foxp3(+)CD4(+) cell frequency. Notably, the tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells also infiltrated the tumors, and their deletion several days following initial T cell priming negated their therapeutic impact. Taken together, dual costimulation programs tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells to deliver therapeutic help during both the priming and effector stages of the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Jeffrey S Wasser
- The Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Adler
- Department of Medicine, Brooklyn Veterans Administration Hospital, N.Y
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Berlyne GM, Adler AJ, Barth RH, Burke D, Palant CE. Perspectives in acid-base balance in advanced chronic renal failure. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 100:105-17. [PMID: 1458897 DOI: 10.1159/000421454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Berlyne
- Nephrology Service, Brooklyn Veterans Administration Medical Center, N.Y
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Adler
- Department of Medicine (111), Brooklyn Veterans Administration Hospital, N.Y
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23
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Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Tissue calcium and magnesium levels in skin and brain in the chronically uremic rat. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 20:67-72. [PMID: 7398335 DOI: 10.1159/000384955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
The ability of T cells to recognize a vast array of antigens enables them to destroy tumor cells while inflicting minimal collateral damage. Nevertheless, tumor antigens often are a form of self-antigen, and thus tumor immunity can be dampened by tolerance mechanisms that evolved to prevent autoimmunity. Since tolerance can be induced by steady-state antigen-presenting cells that provide insufficient co-stimulation, the exogenous administration of co-stimulatory agonists can favor the expansion and tumoricidal functions of tumor-specific T cells. Agonists of the co-stimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family members CD134 and CD137 exert antitumor activity in mice, and as monotherapies have exhibited encouraging results in clinical trials. This review focuses on how the dual administration of CD134 and CD137 agonists synergistically boosts T-cell priming and elaborates a multi-pronged antitumor immune response, as well as how such dual co-stimulation might be translated into effective anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington, CT USA
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Zhao J, Giles BM, Taylor RL, Yette GA, Lough KM, Ng HL, Abraham LJ, Wu H, Kelly JA, Glenn SB, Adler AJ, Williams AH, Comeau ME, Ziegler JT, Marion M, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Alarcón GS, Anaya JM, Bae SC, Kim D, Lee HS, Criswell LA, Freedman BI, Gilkeson GS, Guthridge JM, Jacob CO, James JA, Kamen DL, Merrill JT, Sivils KM, Niewold TB, Petri MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Scofield RH, Stevens AM, Vilá LM, Vyse TJ, Kaufman KM, Harley JB, Langefeld CD, Gaffney PM, Brown EE, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Ulgiati D, Tsao BP, Boackle SA. Preferential association of a functional variant in complement receptor 2 with antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 75:242-52. [PMID: 25180293 PMCID: PMC4717392 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is characterised by the production of antibodies to nuclear antigens. We previously identified variants in complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) that were associated with decreased risk of SLE. This study aimed to identify the causal variant for this association. Methods Genotyped and imputed genetic variants spanning CR2 were assessed for association with SLE in 15 750 case-control subjects from four ancestral groups. Allele-specific functional effects of associated variants were determined using quantitative real-time PCR, quantitative flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. Results The strongest association signal was detected at rs1876453 in intron 1 of CR2 (pmeta=4.2×10−4, OR 0.85), specifically when subjects were stratified based on the presence of dsDNA autoantibodies (case-control pmeta=7.6×10−7, OR 0.71; case-only pmeta=1.9×10−4, OR 0.75). Although allele-specific effects on B cell CR2 mRNA or protein levels were not identified, levels of complement receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) mRNA and protein were significantly higher on B cells of subjects harbouring the minor allele (p=0.0248 and p=0.0006, respectively). The minor allele altered the formation of several DNA protein complexes by EMSA, including one containing CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), an effect that was confirmed by ChIP-PCR. Conclusions These data suggest that rs1876453 in CR2 has long-range effects on gene regulation that decrease susceptibility to lupus. Since the minor allele at rs1876453 is preferentially associated with reduced risk of the highly specific dsDNA autoantibodies that are present in preclinical, active and severe lupus, understanding its mechanisms will have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brendan M Giles
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Yette
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kara M Lough
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Han Leng Ng
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Abraham
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stuart B Glenn
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adrienne H Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary E Comeau
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie T Ziegler
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Miranda Marion
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Graciela S Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dam Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kathy Moser Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John D Reveille
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anne M Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan A Boackle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Guthridge JM, Lu R, Sun H, Sun C, Wiley GB, Dominguez N, Macwana SR, Lessard CJ, Kim-Howard X, Cobb BL, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Langefeld CD, Adler AJ, Harley ITW, Merrill JT, Gilkeson GS, Kamen DL, Niewold TB, Brown EE, Edberg JC, Petri MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Kimberly RP, Freedman BI, Stevens AM, Boackle SA, Criswell LA, Vyse TJ, Behrens TW, Jacob CO, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Sivils KL, Choi J, Joo YB, Bang SY, Lee HS, Bae SC, Shen N, Qian X, Tsao BP, Scofield RH, Harley JB, Webb CF, Wakeland EK, James JA, Nath SK, Graham RR, Gaffney PM. Two functional lupus-associated BLK promoter variants control cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific transcription. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:586-98. [PMID: 24702955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to identify lupus-associated causal variants in the FAM167A/BLK locus on 8p21 are hampered by highly associated noncausal variants. In this report, we used a trans-population mapping and sequencing strategy to identify a common variant (rs922483) in the proximal BLK promoter and a tri-allelic variant (rs1382568) in the upstream alternative BLK promoter as putative causal variants for association with systemic lupus erythematosus. The risk allele (T) at rs922483 reduced proximal promoter activity and modulated alternative promoter usage. Allelic differences at rs1382568 resulted in altered promoter activity in B progenitor cell lines. Thus, our results demonstrated that both lupus-associated functional variants contribute to the autoimmune disease association by modulating transcription of BLK in B cells and thus potentially altering immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Harry Sun
- Immune and Tissue Growth and Repair and Human Genetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Celi Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Graham B Wiley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nicolas Dominguez
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan R Macwana
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xana Kim-Howard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Beth L Cobb
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kaufman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Isaac T W Harley
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Graduate Program in Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joan T Merrill
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Gary S Gilkeson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeffery C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John D Reveille
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.77030, USA
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Anne M Stevens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Susan A Boackle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tim J Vyse
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Immune and Tissue Growth and Repair and Human Genetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Centro de Genómica e Investigaciones Oncológicas (GENYO). Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jiyoung Choi
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Young Bin Joo
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - So-Young Bang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hye-Soon Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Nan Shen
- Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qian
- Molecular Rheumatology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Carol F Webb
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Robert R Graham
- Immune and Tissue Growth and Repair and Human Genetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Adler AJ, Ronsmans C, Calvert C, Filippi V. Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13:246. [PMID: 24373152 PMCID: PMC3937166 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstetric fistula is a severe condition which has devastating consequences for a woman's life. The estimation of the burden of fistula at the population level has been impaired by the rarity of diagnosis and the lack of rigorous studies. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and incidence of fistula in low and middle income countries. METHODS Six databases were searched, involving two separate searches: one on fistula specifically and one on broader maternal and reproductive morbidities. Studies including estimates of incidence and prevalence of fistula at the population level were included. We conducted meta-analyses of prevalence of fistula among women of reproductive age and the incidence of fistula among recently pregnant women. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in this review. The pooled prevalence in population-based studies was 0.29 (95% CI 0.00, 1.07) fistula per 1000 women of reproductive age in all regions. Separated by region we found 1.57 (95% CI 1.16, 2.06) in sub Saharan Africa and South Asia, 1.60 (95% CI 1.16, 2.10) per 1000 women of reproductive age in sub Saharan Africa and 1.20 (95% CI 0.10, 3.54) per 1000 in South Asia. The pooled incidence was 0.09 (95% CI 0.01, 0.25) per 1000 recently pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the most comprehensive study of the burden of fistula to date. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of fistula is lower than previously reported. The low burden of fistula should not detract from their public health importance, however, given the preventability of the condition, and the devastating consequences of fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Adler
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - C Ronsmans
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - C Calvert
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - V Filippi
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3710, USA
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Abstract
Genotyping variants in the human genome has proven to be an efficient method to identify genetic associations with phenotypes. The distribution of variants within families or populations can facilitate identification of the genetic factors of disease. Illumina's panel of genotyping BeadChips allows investigators to genotype thousands or millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or to analyze other genomic variants, such as copy number, across a large number of DNA samples. These SNPs can be spread throughout the genome or targeted in specific regions in order to maximize potential discovery. The Infinium assay has been optimized to yield high-quality, accurate results quickly. With proper setup, a single technician can process from a few hundred to over a thousand DNA samples per week, depending on the type of array. This assay guides users through every step, starting with genomic DNA and ending with the scanning of the array. Using propriety reagents, samples are amplified, fragmented, precipitated, resuspended, hybridized to the chip, extended by a single base, stained, and scanned on either an iScan or Hi Scan high-resolution optical imaging system. One overnight step is required to amplify the DNA. The DNA is denatured and isothermally amplified by whole-genome amplification; therefore, no PCR is required. Samples are hybridized to the arrays during a second overnight step. By the third day, the samples are ready to be scanned and analyzed. Amplified DNA may be stockpiled in large quantities, allowing bead arrays to be processed every day of the week, thereby maximizing throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
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Lessard CJ, Li H, Adrianto I, Ice JA, Rasmussen A, Grundahl KM, Kelly JA, Dozmorov MG, Miceli-Richard C, Bowman S, Lester S, Eriksson P, Eloranta ML, Brun JG, Gøransson LG, Harboe E, Guthridge JM, Kaufman KM, Kvarnström M, Jazebi H, Cunninghame Graham DS, Grandits ME, Nazmul-Hossain ANM, Patel K, Adler AJ, Maier-Moore JS, Farris AD, Brennan MT, Lessard JA, Chodosh J, Gopalakrishnan R, Hefner KS, Houston GD, Huang AJW, Hughes PJ, Lewis DM, Radfar L, Rohrer MD, Stone DU, Wren JD, Vyse TJ, Gaffney PM, James JA, Omdal R, Wahren-Herlenius M, Illei GG, Witte T, Jonsson R, Rischmueller M, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G, Ng WF, Mariette X, Anaya JM, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Scofield RH, Montgomery CG, Harley JB, Sivils KL. Variants at multiple loci implicated in both innate and adaptive immune responses are associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1284-92. [PMID: 24097067 PMCID: PMC3867192 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome is a common autoimmune disease (~0.7% of European Americans) typically presenting as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. In addition to strong association within the HLA region at 6p21 (Pmeta=7.65×10−114), we establish associations with IRF5-TNPO3 (Pmeta=2.73×10−19), STAT4 (Pmeta=6.80×10−15), IL12A (Pmeta =1.17×10−10), FAM167A-BLK (Pmeta=4.97×10−10), DDX6-CXCR5 (Pmeta=1.10×10−8), and TNIP1 (Pmeta=3.30×10−8). Suggestive associations with Pmeta<5×10−5 were observed with 29 regions including TNFAIP3, PTTG1, PRDM1, DGKQ, FCGR2A, IRAK1BP1, ITSN2, and PHIP amongst others. These results highlight the importance of genes involved in both innate and adaptive immunity in Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lessard
- 1] Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Adrianto I, Wang S, Wiley GB, Lessard CJ, Kelly JA, Adler AJ, Glenn SB, Williams AH, Ziegler JT, Comeau ME, Marion MC, Wakeland BE, Liang C, Kaufman KM, Guthridge JM, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Alarcón GS, Anaya JM, Bae SC, Kim JH, Joo YB, Boackle SA, Brown EE, Petri MA, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reveille JD, Vilá LM, Criswell LA, Edberg JC, Freedman BI, Gilkeson GS, Jacob CO, James JA, Kamen DL, Kimberly RP, Martín J, Merrill JT, Niewold TB, Pons-Estel BA, Scofield RH, Stevens AM, Tsao BP, Vyse TJ, Langefeld CD, Harley JB, Wakeland EK, Moser KL, Montgomery CG, Gaffney PM. Association of two independent functional risk haplotypes in TNIP1 with systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 64:3695-705. [PMID: 22833143 DOI: 10.1002/art.34642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and altered type I interferon expression. Genetic surveys and genome-wide association studies have identified >30 SLE susceptibility genes. One of these genes, TNIP1, encodes the ABIN1 protein. ABIN1 functions in the immune system by restricting NF-κB signaling. The present study was undertaken to investigate the genetic factors that influence association with SLE in genes that regulate the NF-κB pathway. METHODS We analyzed a dense set of genetic markers spanning TNIP1 and TAX1BP1, as well as the TNIP1 homolog TNIP2, in case-control populations of diverse ethnic origins. TNIP1, TNIP2, and TAX1BP1 were fine-mapped in a total of 8,372 SLE cases and 7,492 healthy controls from European-ancestry, African American, Hispanic, East Asian, and African American Gullah populations. Levels of TNIP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and ABIN1 protein in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell lines were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS We found significant associations between SLE and genetic variants within TNIP1, but not in TNIP2 or TAX1BP1. After resequencing and imputation, we identified 2 independent risk haplotypes within TNIP1 in individuals of European ancestry that were also present in African American and Hispanic populations. Levels of TNIP1 mRNA and ABIN1 protein were reduced among subjects with these haplotypes, suggesting that they harbor hypomorphic functional variants that influence susceptibility to SLE by restricting ABIN1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the association signals between SLE and TNIP1 variants in multiple populations and provide new insight into the mechanism by which TNIP1 variants may contribute to SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Adrianto
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
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Qui HZ, Hagymasi AT, Bandyopadhyay S, St Rose MC, Ramanarasimhaiah R, Ménoret A, Mittler RS, Gordon SM, Reiner SL, Vella AT, Adler AJ. CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation induces Eomesodermin in CD4 T cells to program cytotoxic Th1 differentiation. J Immunol 2011; 187:3555-64. [PMID: 21880986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells are emerging as a therapeutically useful T cell lineage that can effectively target tumors, but until now the pathways that govern their differentiation have been poorly understood. We demonstrate that CD134 (OX40) costimulation programs naive self- and virus-reactive CD4 T cells to undergo in vivo differentiation into cytotoxic Th1 effectors. CD137 (4-1BB) costimulation maximized clonal expansion, and IL-2 was necessary for cytotoxic Th1 differentiation. Importantly, the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin was critical for inducing the cytotoxic marker granzyme B. CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation also imprinted a cytotoxic phenotype on bystanding CD4 T cells. Thus, to our knowledge, the current study identifies for the first time a specific costimulatory pathway and an intracellular mechanism relying on Eomesodermin that induces both Ag-specific and bystander cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells. This mechanism might be therapeutically useful because CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation induced CD4 T cell-dependent tumoricidal function in a mouse melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Z Qui
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Yen HR, Harris TJ, Wada S, Grosso JF, Getnet D, Goldberg MV, Liang KL, Bruno TC, Pyle KJ, Chan SL, Anders RA, Trimble CL, Adler AJ, Lin TY, Pardoll DM, Huang CT, Drake CG. Tc17 CD8 T cells: functional plasticity and subset diversity. J Immunol 2009; 183:7161-8. [PMID: 19917680 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-17-secreting CD8 T cells (Tc17) have been described in several settings, but little is known regarding their functional characteristics. While Tc1 cells produced IFN-gamma and efficiently killed targets, Tc17 cells lacked lytic function in vitro. Interestingly, the small numbers of IFN-gamma-positive or IL-17/IFN-gamma-double-positive cells generated under Tc17 conditions also lacked lytic activity and expressed a similar pattern of cell surface proteins to IL-17-producing cells. As is the case for Th17 (CD4) cells, STAT3 is important for Tc17 polarization, both in vitro and in vivo. Adoptive transfer of highly purified, Ag-specific IL-17-secreting Tc17 cells into Ag-bearing hosts resulted in near complete conversion to an IFN-gamma-secreting phenotype and substantial pulmonary pathology, demonstrating functional plasticity. Tc17 also accumulated to a greater extent than did Tc1 cells, suggesting that adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells cultured in Tc17 conditions may have therapeutic potential for diseases in which IFN-gamma-producing cells are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Rong Yen
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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St Rose MC, Qui HZ, Bandyopadhyay S, Mihalyo MA, Hagymasi AT, Clark RB, Adler AJ. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b regulates expansion but not functional activity of self-reactive CD4 T cells. J Immunol 2009; 183:4975-83. [PMID: 19801520 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cbl-b is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that limits Ag responsiveness in T cells by targeting TCR-inducible signaling molecules. Cbl-b deficiency thus renders T cells hyperresponsive to antigenic stimulation and predisposes individuals toward developing autoimmunity. In part because Cbl-b(-/-) T cells do not require CD28 costimulation to become activated, and insufficient costimulation is a critical parameter that confers anergy induction over effector differentiation, it has been hypothesized that Cbl-b(-/-) T cells are resistant to anergy. This possibility has been supported in models in which anergy is normally induced in vitro, or in vivo following exposure to soluble Ag boluses. In the current study, we characterized the response of Cbl-b(-/-) CD4 T cells in an in vivo system in which anergy is normally induced by a constitutively expressed peripheral self-Ag. Cbl-b expression increased in self-Ag-induced anergic wild-type CD4 T cells, and Cbl-b(-/-) CD4 T cells underwent more robust proliferation and expansion upon initially encountering cognate self-Ag compared with wild-type counterparts. Nevertheless, both wild-type and Cbl-b(-/-) CD4 T cells ultimately developed the same impaired ability to respond to antigenic restimulation. The more extensive expansion that occurred during the initial induction of anergy did, however, allow the anergic CD4 T cells to expand to greater numbers when they were functionally resuscitated following replacement of the initial source of tolerizing self-Ag with a viral form of the same Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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35
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Boppana VD, Thangamani S, Alarcon-Chaidez FJ, Adler AJ, Wikel SK. Blood feeding by the Rocky Mountain spotted fever vector, Dermacentor andersoni, induces interleukin-4 expression by cognate antigen responding CD4+ T cells. Parasit Vectors 2009; 2:47. [PMID: 19814808 PMCID: PMC2764639 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick modulation of host defenses facilitates both blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Several tick species deviate host T cell responses toward a Th2 cytokine profile. The majority of studies of modulation of T cell cytokine expression by ticks were performed with lymphocytes from infested mice stimulated in vitro with polyclonal T cell activators. Those reports did not examine tick modulation of antigen specific responses. We report use of a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) adoptive transfer model reactive with influenza hemagglutinin peptide (110-120) to examine CD4+ T cell intracellular cytokine responses during infestation with the metastriate tick, Dermacentor andersoni, or exposure to salivary gland extracts. Results Infestation with pathogen-free D. andersoni nymphs or administration of an intradermal injection of female or male tick salivary gland extract induced significant increases of IL-4 transcripts in skin and draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice as measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, IL-10 transcripts were significantly increased in skin while IL-2 and IFN-γ transcripts were not significantly changed by tick feeding or intradermal injection of salivary gland proteins, suggesting a superimposed Th2 response. Infestation induced TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells to divide more frequently as measured by CFSE dilution, but more notably these CD4+ T cells also gained the capacity to express IL-4. Intracellular levels of IL-4 were significantly increased. A second infestation administered 14 days after a primary exposure to ticks resulted in partially reduced CFSE dilution with no change in IL-4 expression when compared to one exposure to ticks. Intradermal inoculation of salivary gland extracts from both male and female ticks also induced IL-4 expression. Conclusion This is the first report of the influence of a metastriate tick on the cytokine profile of antigen specific CD4+ T cells. Blood feeding by D. andersoni pathogen-free nymphs or intradermal injection of salivary gland extracts programs influenza hemagglutinin influenza peptide specific TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells to express IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata D Boppana
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA.
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Abstract
Mosquitoes represent the most important vector for transmitting pathogens that cause human disease. Central to pathogen transmission is the ability to divert the host immune system away from Th1 and towards Th2 responsiveness. Identification of the mosquito factor(s) critical for programming Th2 responsiveness should therefore lead to strategies to neutralize their function and thus prevent disease transmission. In the current study, we used a TCR transgenic adoptive transfer system to screen gene products present in the saliva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti for their ability to programme CD4 T cells to express the signature Th2 cytokine IL-4. The clone SAAG-4 encodes a secreted protein with a predicted size of 20 kDa whose function has previously been uncharacterized. Notably, SAAG-4 reduced host CD4 T cell expression of the signature Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma while simultaneously increasing expression of IL-4. SAAG-4 is therefore the first identified mosquito factor that can programme Th2 effector CD4 T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Boppana
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Alarcon-Chaidez FJ, Boppana VD, Hagymasi AT, Adler AJ, Wikel SK. A novel sphingomyelinase-like enzyme in Ixodes scapularis tick saliva drives host CD4 T cells to express IL-4. Parasite Immunol 2009; 31:210-9. [PMID: 19292772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick feeding modulates host immune responses. Tick-induced skewing of host CD4(+) T cells towards a Th2 cytokine profile facilitates transmission of tick-borne pathogens that would otherwise be neutralized by Th1 cytokines. Tick-derived factors that drive this Th2 response have not previously been characterized. In the current study, we examined an I. scapularis cDNA library prepared at 18-24 h of feeding and identified and expressed a tick gene with homology to Loxosceles spider venom proteins with sphingomyelinase activity. This I. scapularis sphingomyelinase-like (IsSMase) protein is a Mg(2+)-dependent, neutral (pH 7.4) form of sphingomyelinase. Significantly, in an in vivo TCR transgenic adoptive transfer assay IsSMase programmed host CD4(+) T cells to express the hallmark Th2 effector cytokine IL-4. IsSMase appears to directly programme host CD4 T cell IL-4 expression (as opposed to its metabolic by-products) because induced IL-4 expression was not altered when enzymatic activity was neutralized. TCR transgenic CD4 T cell proliferation (CFSE-dilution) was also significantly increased by IsSMase. Furthermore, a Th2 response is superimposed onto a virally primed Th1 response by IsSMase. Thus, IsSMase is the first identified tick molecule capable of programming host CD4(+) T cells to express IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Alarcon-Chaidez
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, 06030 USA
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Bandyopadhyay S, Qui HZ, Adler AJ. In vitro and in vivo differentiated effector CD8 T cells display divergent histone acetylation patterns within the Ifng locus. Immunol Lett 2009; 122:214-8. [PMID: 19195486 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic remodeling of genes encoding effector cytokines that permit accessibility to the transcriptional machinery is a central event in the differentiation of naive T cells into effectors that can attack pathogens and tumors. Covalent modifications of histones that cause a loosening of nucleosomal structures occur not only in promoter regions, but also at upstream and downstream enhancer elements that integrate various cellular stimuli to modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. This knowledge derives mostly from the analysis of in vitro differentiated effector T cells. Here, we compared acetylation of histone H3 (AcH3) at several sites within the Ifng locus in CD8 T cells that underwent effector differentiation in vitro vs. in vivo. While AcH3 was similar at the proximal promoter, it displayed a reciprocal pattern at two well-characterized upstream and downstream sites. These data suggest that certain epigenetic remodeling events may be artifactual consequences of in vitro culturing conditions, and indicate the importance of using in vivo models to study effector cytokine gene remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601, USA
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Bandyopadhyay S, Long M, Qui HZ, Hagymasi AT, Slaiby AM, Mihalyo MA, Aguila HL, Mittler RS, Vella AT, Adler AJ. Self-antigen prevents CD8 T cell effector differentiation by CD134 and CD137 dual costimulation. J Immunol 2008; 181:7728-37. [PMID: 19017962 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared how CD4 vs CD8 cells attain the capacity to express the effector cytokine IFN-gamma under both immunogenic and tolerogenic conditions. Although the Ifng gene locus was epigenetically repressed in naive Ag-inexperienced CD4 cells, it had already undergone partial remodeling toward a transcriptionally competent configuration in naive CD8 cells. After TCR stimulation, CD8 cells fully remodeled the Ifng locus and gained the capacity to express high levels of IFN-gamma more rapidly than CD4 cells. Enforced dual costimulation through OX40 and 4-1BB redirected CD8 cells encountering soluble exogenous peptide to expand and differentiate into IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha double-producing effectors rather than becoming tolerant. Despite this and the stronger tendency of CD8 compared with CD4 cells to differentiate into IFN-gamma-expressing effectors, when parenchymal self-Ag was the source of tolerizing Ag, enforced dual costimulation selectively boosted expansion but did not push effector differentiation in CD8 cells while both expansion and effector differentiation were dramatically boosted in CD4 cells. Notably, enforced dual costimulation was able to push effector differentiation in CD8 cells encountering cognate parenchymal self-Ag when CD4 cells were simultaneously engaged. Thus, the ability of enforced OX40 plus 4-1BB dual costimulation to redirect CD8 cells to undergo effector differentiation was unexpectedly influenced by the source of tolerizing Ag and help was selectively required to facilitate CD8 cell effector differentiation when the tolerizing Ag derived from self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601, USA
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Lee SJ, Long M, Adler AJ, Mittler RS, Vella AT. The IKK-neutralizing compound Bay11 kills supereffector CD8 T cells by altering caspase-dependent activation-induced cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 85:175-85. [PMID: 18923104 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0408248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen with dual costimulation through CD137 and CD134 induces powerful CD8 T cell responses. These effector T cells are endowed with an intrinsic survival program resulting in their accumulation in vivo, but the signaling components required for survival are unknown. We tested a cadre of pathway inhibitors and found one preclinical compound, Bay11-7082 (Bay11), which prevented survival. Even the gammac cytokine family members IL-2, -4, -7, and -15 could not block death, nor could pretreatment with IL-7. We found that dual costimulation caused loading of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha (p-IkappaBalpha) and high basal levels of NF-kappaB activity in the effector CD8 T cells. Bay11 trumped both events by reducing the presence of p-IkappaBalpha and ensuing NF-kappaB activity. Not all pathways were impacted to this degree, however, as mitogen-mediated ERK phosphorylation was evident during NF-kappaB inhibition. Nonetheless, Bay11 blocked TCR-stimulated cytokine synthesis by rapidly accentuating activation-induced cell death through elicitation of a caspase-independent pathway. Thus, in effector CD8 T cells, Bay11 forces a dominant caspase-independent death signal that cannot be overcome by an intrinsic survival program nor by survival-inducing cytokines. Therefore, Bay11 may be a useful tool to deliberately kill death-resistant effector T cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joo Lee
- Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, MC1319, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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Long M, Slaiby AM, Wu S, Hagymasi AT, Mihalyo MA, Bandyopadhyay S, Vella AT, Adler AJ. Histone acetylation at the Ifng promoter in tolerized CD4 cells is associated with increased IFN-gamma expression during subsequent immunization to the same antigen. J Immunol 2007; 179:5669-77. [PMID: 17947638 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When naive CD4(+) Th cells encounter cognate pathogen-derived Ags they expand and develop the capacity to express the appropriate effector cytokines for neutralizing the pathogen. Central to this differentiation process are epigenetic modifications within the effector cytokine genes that allow accessibility to the transcriptional machinery. In contrast, when mature self-reactive CD4 cells encounter their cognate epitopes in the periphery they generally undergo a process of tolerization in which they become hyporesponsive/anergic to antigenic stimulation. In the current study, we used a TCR transgenic adoptive transfer system to demonstrate that in a dose-dependent manner parenchymal self-Ag programs cognate naive CD4 cells to acetylate histones bound to the promoter region of the Ifng gene (which encodes the signature Th1 effector cytokine) during peripheral tolerization. Although the Ifng gene gains transcriptional competence, these tolerized CD4 cells fail to express substantial amounts of IFN-gamma in response to antigenic stimulation apparently because a blockage in TCR-mediated signaling also develops. Nevertheless, responsiveness to antigenic stimulation is partially restored when self-Ag-tolerized CD4 cells are retransferred into mice infected with a virus expressing the same Ag. Additionally, there is preferential boosting in the ability of these CD4 cells to express IFN-gamma relative to other cytokines with expression that also becomes impaired. Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic modification of the Ifng locus during peripheral CD4 cell tolerization might allow for preferential expression of IFN-gamma during recovery from tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Müller-Doblies UU, Maxwell SS, Boppana VD, Mihalyo MA, McSorley SJ, Vella AT, Adler AJ, Wikel SK. Feeding by the tick, Ixodes scapularis, causes CD4+T cells responding to cognate antigen to develop the capacity to express IL-4. Parasite Immunol 2007; 29:485-99. [PMID: 17883452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2007.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effects of tick feeding on an early antigen-specific T cell response were studied by monitoring a clonotypic population of adoptively transferred T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4 cells responding to a tick-associated antigen. When recipient mice were infested with pathogen-free Ixodes scapularis nymphs several days prior to T cell transfer and intradermal injection of soluble cognate antigen at the feeding site, the clonotypic CD4 cells gained the ability to express the Th2 effector cytokine IL-4. Notably, this effect was not only observed in BALB/c mice predisposed towards developing Th2 responses but also in B10.D2 mice predisposed towards Th1 responsiveness. Furthermore, tick feeding was able to superimpose IL-4 expression potential onto a strong Th1 response (indicated by robust IFN-gamma expression potential) elicited by immunization with a vaccinia virus expressing the cognate antigen. The magnitude to which tick feeding was able to programme IL-4 expression potential in CD4 cells was partially reduced in mice that had been previously exposed to pathogen-free tick nymphs 6 weeks earlier, as well as when the nymphs were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Intradermal injection of salivary gland extract programmed IL-4 expression potential similar to that of tick infestation, suggesting that IL-4 programming activity is contained within tick saliva.
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Hagymasi AT, Slaiby AM, Mihalyo MA, Qui HZ, Zammit DJ, Lefrançois L, Adler AJ. Steady state dendritic cells present parenchymal self-antigen and contribute to, but are not essential for, tolerization of naive and Th1 effector CD4 cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:1524-31. [PMID: 17641018 PMCID: PMC2846358 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived APC are critical for both priming effector/memory T cell responses to pathogens and inducing peripheral tolerance in self-reactive T cells. In particular, dendritic cells (DC) can acquire peripheral self-Ags under steady state conditions and are thought to present them to cognate T cells in a default tolerogenic manner, whereas exposure to pathogen-associated inflammatory mediators during the acquisition of pathogen-derived Ags appears to reprogram DCs to prime effector and memory T cell function. Recent studies have confirmed the critical role of DCs in priming CD8 cell effector responses to certain pathogens, although the necessity of steady state DCs in programming T cell tolerance to peripheral self-Ags has not been directly tested. In the current study, the role of steady state DCs in programming self-reactive CD4 cell peripheral tolerance was assessed by combining the CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic system, in which DC can be depleted via treatment with diphtheria toxin, with a TCR-transgenic adoptive transfer system in which either naive or Th1 effector CD4 cells are induced to undergo tolerization after exposure to cognate parenchymally derived self-Ag. Although steady state DCs present parenchymal self-Ag and contribute to the tolerization of cognate naive and Th1 effector CD4 cells, they are not essential, indicating the involvement of a non-DC tolerogenic APC population(s). Tolerogenic APCs, however, do not require the cooperation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Similarly, DC were required for maximal priming of naive CD4 cells to vaccinia viral-Ag, but priming could still occur in the absence of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Hagymasi
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Aaron M. Slaiby
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Marianne A. Mihalyo
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Harry Z. Qui
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - David J. Zammit
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Leo Lefrançois
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Adam J. Adler, Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601.
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Sawalha AH, Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Adler AJ, Aberle T, Kilpatrick J, Wakeland EK, Li QZ, Wandstrat AE, Karp DR, James JA, Merrill JT, Lipsky P, Harley JB. Genetic association of interleukin-21 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:458-61. [PMID: 17720724 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.075424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is incompletely understood. Both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we describe genetic association between SLE and polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-21 gene. The reported effect of IL-21 on B-cell differentiation into plasma cells and its effect on dendritic cell maturation and T-cell responses make IL-21 an attractive candidate gene for SLE. METHODS Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-21 gene were genotyped in a total of 2636 individuals (1318 cases and 1318 controls matched for age, sex and race). Population-based case-control association analyses were performed. RESULTS We found a genetic association with SLE and two SNPs located within the IL-21 gene (rs907715: chi(2) = 11.55, p<0.001; rs2221903: chi(2) = 5.49, p = 0.019). Furthermore, genotypes homozygous for the risk alleles were more frequent than genotypes homozygous for the non-risk alleles in European-American patients as compared to controls (rs907715 (GG versus AA): odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, p = 0.0049; rs2221903 (GG versus AA): OR = 1.60, p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IL-21 polymorphism is a candidate association with SLE. The functional effects of this association, when revealed, might improve our understanding of the disease and provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sawalha
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Mihalyo MA, Hagymasi AT, Slaiby AM, Nevius EE, Adler AJ. Dendritic cells program non-immunogenic prostate-specific T cell responses beginning at early stages of prostate tumorigenesis. Prostate 2007; 67:536-46. [PMID: 17221844 PMCID: PMC2846359 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer promotes the development of T cell tolerance towards prostatic antigens, potentially limiting the efficacy of prostate cancer vaccines targeting these antigens. Here, we sought to determine the stage of disease progression when T cell tolerance develops, as well as the role of steady state dendritic cells (DC) and CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) in programming tolerance. METHODS The response of naïve HA-specific CD4(+) T cells were analyzed following adoptive transfer into Pro-HA x TRAMP transgenic mice harboring variably-staged HA-expressing prostate tumors on two genetic backgrounds that display different patterns and kinetics of tumorigenesis. The role of DC and Tregs in programming HA-specific CD4 cell responses were assessed via depletion. RESULTS HA-specific CD4 cells underwent non-immunogenic responses at all stages of tumorigenesis in both genetic backgrounds. These responses were completely dependent on DC, but not appreciably influenced by Tregs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tolerogenicity is an early and general property of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam J. Adler
- Correspondence to: Dr. Adam J. Adler, Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601.
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in vaccine technology, vaccines designed to elicit T cell-based anti-tumor immunity have only achieved partial success in the clinic. The underlying reason probably stems in part from the ability of tumors to repress cognate T cell responses, which appears to operate at two separate levels. In some cases, tumors engage a variety of immunosuppressive pathways that inhibit primed effector T cells from functioning when they enter the tumor microenvironment. Some of these immunosuppressive mechanisms include the production of cytokines such as TGF-beta and the recruitment or differentiation of regulatory T cells. In contrast, other types of tumors induce a systemic impairment in the function of tumor-reactive T cells (i.e., tolerance). Tolerance to tumor antigens can be mediated through the same mechanisms that induce T cell tolerance to normal self-antigens in order to avoid autoimmunity, and can develop not only towards differentiation antigens that are expressed on both tumors as well as on the normal tissues from which they derive, but can also develop rapidly towards tumor-specific antigens. Additionally, both naive and effector T cells are susceptible to tolerization, suggesting that tolerance can potentially dampen both the priming and effector phases of anti-tumor T cell responses. Certain hormones can influence both tumorigenesis as well as T cell function and tolerance, and thus hormonal therapies could potentially impact the efficacy of T cell-based therapies. An example of this type of interaction that will be discussed in detail is the relationship between androgens and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601, USA.
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Abstract
IL-2 is expressed predominantly by activated T cells, and regulates T cell function by activating, via its receptor, the latent transcription factor STAT5. This signaling can occur in either a paracrine (between cells) or an autocrine (same cell) manner, although the kinetics by which these two signaling modes operate during in vivo T cell responses are unknown. In the current study, IL-2 expression and signaling in a clonotypic population of antiviral CD4+ T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry during the initial 24 h of priming. IL-2 expression and STAT5 activation peaked in parallel, but surprisingly, were almost completely mutually exclusive. Thus, only paracrine IL-2 signaling could be observed. As an additional indication of the efficiency of paracrine IL-2 signaling, polyclonal CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells displayed detectable STAT5 activation under steady-state conditions, which was strongly enhanced by neighboring IL-2-expressing antiviral CD4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Adam J. Adler, Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601.
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Kaufman KM, Kelly JA, Herring BJ, Adler AJ, Glenn SB, Namjou B, Frank SG, Dawson SL, Bruner GR, James JA, Harley JB. Evaluation of the genetic association of the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism in familial and sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2533-40. [PMID: 16868974 DOI: 10.1002/art.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The R620W (1858C-->T) polymorphism in PTPN22 has been implicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate this polymorphism in patients with familial SLE and in those with sporadic SLE. METHODS A total of 4,981 DNA samples were genotyped (from 1,680 SLE patients, 1,834 family members, and 1,467 controls). Both population-based case-control and family-based association designs were used for the analyses. RESULTS In the European American familial SLE cohort, the minor 1858T allele was more common in randomly selected patients compared with controls (chi2= 5.61, P = 0.018, odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.07-1.99). The heterozygous C/T genotype was also more common in these European American patients compared with controls (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.15-2.30). Family-based association tests showed preferential transmission of the 1858T allele to affected offspring (chi2 = 5.87, P = 0.015). In contrast, the frequency of the 1858T minor allele was not significantly increased in the European American patients with sporadic SLE compared with controls, nor did these patients have preferential transmission of the 1858T allele. Indeed, the difference in the 1858T allele frequency between patients with familial SLE and those with sporadic SLE was measurable (allelic chi2= 4.22, P = 0.04, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02-2.24). Our data also showed that among patients with SLE, the 1858T allele was separately associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus and with autoimmune thyroid disease, confirming the findings of other investigators. CONCLUSION The 1858T allele of PTPN22 is associated with familial SLE but not with sporadic SLE in European Americans, thereby potentially explaining previous contradictory reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Kaufman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Long M, Slaiby AM, Hagymasi AT, Mihalyo MA, Lichtler AC, Reiner SL, Adler AJ. T-bet down-modulation in tolerized Th1 effector CD4 cells confers a TCR-distal signaling defect that selectively impairs IFN-gamma expression. J Immunol 2006; 176:1036-45. [PMID: 16393991 PMCID: PMC2846362 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
When Th1 effector CD4 cells encounter tolerizing Ag in vivo, their capacity to express the effector cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha is lost more rapidly than noneffector functions such as IL-2 production and proliferation. To localize the relevant intracellular signaling defects, cytokine expression was compared following restimulation with Ag vs agents that bypass TCR-proximal signaling. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression were both partially rescued when TCR-proximal signaling was bypassed, indicating that both TCR-proximal and -distal signaling defects impair the expression of these two effector cytokines. In contrast, bypassing TCR-proximal signaling fully rescued IL-2 expression. T-bet, a transcription and chromatin remodeling factor that is required to direct the differentiation of naive CD4 cells into IFN-gamma-expressing Th1 effectors, was partially down-modulated in tolerized Th1 effectors. Enforcing T-bet expression during tolerization selectively rescued the ability to express IFN-gamma, but not TNF-alpha. Conversely, expression of a dominant-negative T-bet in Th1 effectors selectively impaired the ability to express IFN-gamma, but not TNF-alpha. Analysis of histone acetylation at the IFN-gamma promoter further suggested that down-modulation of T-bet expression during Th1 effector CD4 cell tolerization does not impair IFN-gamma expression potential through alterations in chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Long
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Aaron M. Slaiby
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam T. Hagymasi
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Marianne A. Mihalyo
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Alexander C. Lichtler
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Steven L. Reiner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Adam J. Adler, Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1601.
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Drake CG, Doody AD, Mihalyo MA, Huang CT, Kelleher E, Ravi S, Hipkiss EL, Flies DB, Kennedy EP, Long M, McGary PW, Coryell L, Nelson WG, Pardoll DM, Adler AJ. Androgen ablation mitigates tolerance to a prostate/prostate cancer-restricted antigen. Cancer Cell 2005; 7:239-49. [PMID: 15766662 PMCID: PMC2846360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To understand the T cell response to prostate cancer, we created transgenic mice that express a model antigen in a prostate-restricted pattern and crossed these animals to TRAMP mice that develop spontaneous prostate cancer. Adoptive transfer of prostate-specific CD4 T cells shows that, in the absence of prostate cancer, the prostate gland is mostly ignored. Tumorigenesis allows T cell recognition of the prostate gland--but this recognition is tolerogenic, resulting in abortive proliferation and ultimately in hyporesponsiveness at the systemic level. Androgen ablation (the most common treatment for metastatic prostate cancer) was able to mitigate this tolerance--allowing prostate-specific T cells to expand and develop effector function after vaccination. These results suggest that immunotherapy for prostate cancer may be most efficacious when administered after androgen ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G. Drake
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Amy D.H. Doody
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Marianne A. Mihalyo
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ching-Tai Huang
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Erin Kelleher
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Sowmya Ravi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Edward L. Hipkiss
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Dallas B. Flies
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Eugene P. Kennedy
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Meixiao Long
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Patrick W. McGary
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lee Coryell
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - William G. Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Adam J. Adler
- Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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