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Orjiakor EC, Adediran A, Ugwu JO, Nwachukwu W. Household living conditions and food insecurity in Nigeria: a longitudinal study during COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066810. [PMID: 36604138 PMCID: PMC9826925 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study set out to investigate the risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic using a harmonised dataset of Nigeria's prepandemic face-to-face survey and two waves of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS). SETTING Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 1674 households is used in the analysis. DESIGN A longitudinal study. RESULTS Our longitudinal study reveals a significant increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in Nigeria during the COVID-19 crisis. For a sample of 1674 households used in the analysis, nearly 32% were moderately food insecure in the baseline survey (ie, the prepandemic period), compared with 74% and 72% that faced the same degree of food insecurity in the two waves of the COVID-19 phone survey. In like manner, not up to 4% of the households faced severe food insecurity in the prepandemic period, compared with 43% and 22% that experienced the same level of food insecurity during the period of the pandemic. Based on the available information in the dataset, we construct a composite non-monetary measure (or index) of household well-being and employ the binary logistic model to investigate the objects under study. The empirical results show that the well-being index has a strong negative association with household food insecurity. Further investigation reveals that the risk of being food insecure increases for households in relatively poor living conditions compared with those in the middle category and conversely declines for households in much better living conditions. CONCLUSION This study informs an understanding of the prevalence and risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic and provides insights that can guide policy actions in responding to the current wave of food crises in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamesclement Onyekachi Ugwu
- Economics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Social Sciences, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Corporate Alliance Research and Statistics (CARES), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Wisdom Nwachukwu
- Economics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Social Sciences, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Qaval Research Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria
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Oyelese AT, Ogbaro DD, Wakama TT, Adediran A, Gbadegesin A, Awodele IO, Ocheni S, Adetola A, Adenuga JO. Socio-economic determinants of prenatal anaemia in rural communities of South-West Nigeria: a preliminary report. Am J Blood Res 2021; 11:410-416. [PMID: 34540350 PMCID: PMC8446826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is common worldwide and pregnant women are one of the most vulnerable group. Although, anaemia in the general population including pregnant women is multi-factorial in aetiology, the most frequent cause in pregnancy worldwide is iron deficiency. In Nigeria, an estimated prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women ranges from 35-75%. Anaemia in pregnancy (AIP) is associated with significant perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality including premature birth and low birth weight. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, demographic and socio-economic determinants of anaemia in pregnancy in a rural community of South-West Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred and fifty consenting pregnant women aged 18-42 years in the three trimesters were recruited from four primary health centres of Ikene Local Government of Ogun State of Nigeria after ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Unit of the Medical officer of Health of the Local Government. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic information and 24-hour dietary recall. Using a finger prick, the haemoglobin concentration of each respondent was determined with a haemoglobinometer (DG-300HB manufactured by DouBle, China). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. RESULTS All the respondents belonged to low socio-economic class. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) concentration obtained in this study was 10.22±1.60 g/dL with a range of 6-14.8 g/dL. Using WHO cut-off Hb concentration of 11 g/dL, the prevalence of anaemia in this study was 67.3%. The frequency of anaemia increased with increase in age group. P=0.010. About 21.4% of those with adequate dietary iron intake were anaemic when compared with 72.1% (98 of 136) of those with inadequate dietary iron intake who were anaemic. AOR-0.090; 95% CI- 0.018-0.457; P=0.004. CONCLUSION Increasing age, low socio-economic status, poor health education and low dietary iron intake were the predominant socio-economic determinants of prenatal anaemia in the population studied. Efforts must be intensified to alleviate poverty in rural areas and give health education on iron-rich foods to girls and women of children-bearing age in the rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola Temitope Oyelese
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Benjamen Carson Snr School of Medicine, Babcock UniversityIlisan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Daniel Ogbaro
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University/Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital SagamuOgun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Benjamen Carson Snr School of Medicine, Babcock UniversityIlisan-Remo, Nigeria
| | - Abidoye Gbadegesin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of MedicineIkeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday Ocheni
- Department of Haematology & Immunology, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla CampusEnugu, Nigeria
| | - Adeola Adetola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Babcock University Teaching HospitalIlisan, Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Olaitan Adenuga
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital SagamuOgun State, Nigeria
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Adediran A, Kagu MB, Wakama T, Babadoko AA, Damulak DO, Ocheni S, Asuquo MI. Awareness, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Anaemia in Nigeria. Bone Marrow Res 2016; 2016:7062630. [PMID: 27774320 PMCID: PMC5059514 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7062630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background. Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited condition whose clinical manifestations arise from the tendency of haemoglobin to polymerize and deform red blood cells into characteristic sickle shape. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation offers a cure. The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness, knowledge, and acceptance of this beneficial procedure in Nigeria. Materials and Methods. This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 7 tertiary hospitals in Nigeria in 2015. Approval was obtained from each institution's research and ethics committee. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered to respondents aged 18 years and above and to the parents or guardians of those below 18 years of age. Results. There were 265 respondents comprising 120 males and 145 females. One hundred and seventy-one (64.5%) respondents were aware of BMT for the treatment of SCA. About 67.8% (116 of 171) of those who were aware believed SCA can be cured with BMT (p = 0.001) and 49.7% (85 of 171) of the respondents accepted BMT (p = 0.001). Conclusion. Awareness of BMT in Nigeria is low when compared with reports from developed countries. The knowledge is poor and acceptance is low. With adequate information, improved education, and psychological support, more Nigerians will embrace BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Modu Baba Kagu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Tamunomieibi Wakama
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Ahmadu Babadoko
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Dapus Obadiah Damulak
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Ocheni
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Inyama Asuquo
- Department of Haematology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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Isgrò A, Paciaroni K, Gaziev J, Sodani P, Gallucci C, Marziali M, Angelis GD, Alfieri C, Ribersani M, Roveda A, Akinyanju OO, Wakama TT, Olowoselu FO, Adediran A, Lucarelli G. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Nigerian sickle cell anaemia children patients. Niger Med J 2015; 56:175-9. [PMID: 26229224 PMCID: PMC4518332 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.160355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) remains associated with high risks of morbidity and early death. Children with SCA are at high risk for ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attacks, secondary to intracranial arteriopathy involving carotid and cerebral arteries. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for SCA. We report our experience with transplantation in a group of patients with the Black African variant of SCA. Patients and Methods: This study included 31 consecutive SCA patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donors between 2010 and 2014 following a myeloablative-conditioning regimen. Results: The median patient age was 10 years (range 2–17 years). Before transplantation, 14 patients had recurrent, painful, vaso-occlusive crisis; ten patients had recurrent painful crisis in association with acute chest syndrome; three patients experienced ischaemic stroke and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis; two patients experienced ischaemic stroke; one patient exhibited leukocytosis; and one patient exhibited priapism. Of the 31 patients, 28 survived without sickle cell disease, with Lansky/Karnofsky scores of 100. All surviving patients remained free of any SCA-related events after transplantation. Conclusion: The protocols used for the preparation to the transplant in thalassaemia are very effective also in the other severe haemoglobinopathy as in the sickle cell anaemia with 90% disease free survival. Today, if a SCA patient has a HLA identical family member, the cellular gene therapy through the transplantation of the allogeneic haemopoietic cell should be performed. Tomorrow, hopefully, the autologous genetically corrected stem cell will break down the wall of the immunological incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Isgrò
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Paciaroni
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Javid Gaziev
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Sodani
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Gallucci
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marziali
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioia De Angelis
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Alfieri
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ribersani
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Roveda
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Festus Olusola Olowoselu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Guido Lucarelli
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Mediterranean Institute of Hematology, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Adediran A, Uche E, Akinbami A, Dada A, Wakama T, Damulak D, Ajibola S, Okwegbuna O. Hemoglobin and Ferritin Concentrations in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutr Metab Insights 2015; 8:15-9. [PMID: 26056471 PMCID: PMC4445885 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clinical condition characterized by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity, has been linked with raised levels of serum ferritin (Sfr) concentrations. OBJECTIVES This study was carried out to compare hemoglobin (Hb) and Sfr concentrations in patients with MetS, regular donors and first-time donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 subjects who were between 18 and 60 years were enrolled for the study. They were divided into three groups. The first group (n = 20) was made up of 5 males and 15 females, all who met the criteria that define MetS. The second group (n = 52; M = 34, F = 18) were regular donors, while the last group (n = 30; M = 16, F = 14) were first-time donors or those who had not donated before. Following an overnight fast, 20 mL of venous blood was drawn from each subject. About 5 mL of this was put into sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) specimen bottles for the full blood count parameters with Sysmex KX-21N hematology analyzer (made in Japan). The remaining 15 mL had serum separated for Sfr assay using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a commercial assay kit manufactured by Teco Diagnostics. RESULTS Significant difference was found in the mean Sfr concentration of subjects with MetS (163 ± 136.92 ng/mL) and regular donors (41.46 ± 40.33 ng/mL), P = 0.001. The mean Sfr concentrations of subjects with MetS (163 ± 136.92 ng/mL) were also higher than that of first-time donors (102.46 ± 80.26 ng/mL), but it was not statistically significant, P = 0.053. The Hb concentrations of the three groups were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Sfr concentrations of regular donors were lower than that of subjects with MetS and first-time donors. The difference between regular donors and subjects with MetS was statistically significant. However, there is no significant difference in the Hb concentrations in the three groups. MetS is not associated with anemia or hyperferritinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ebele Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Dada
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tamunomieibi Wakama
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dapus Damulak
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Ajibola
- Department of Haematology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Okwegbuna
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Gbadegesin A, Ajibola SO, Uche EI, Dosunmu AO, Adediran A, Sobande A. Factors influencing CD4 cell count in HIV-positive pregnant women in a secondary health center in Lagos, Nigeria. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2015; 7:115-8. [PMID: 25914558 PMCID: PMC4401335 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s80137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunity in pregnancy is physiologically compromised, and this may affect CD4 count levels. It is well-established that several factors affect CD4 count level in pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the mean and reference range of CD4 count in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A retrospective study was carried out at antenatal clinics of the Maternal and Child Center of a secondary health center in Lagos State, Nigeria. Records of HIV-positive pregnant women at various gestational ages, including CD4+ cell count at booking, packed cell volume (PCV) at booking and labor, gestational age at delivery, and infant weight and sex were retrieved. The descriptive data was given as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Pearson’s chi-squared test and correlation were used for analytical assessment. Results Data were retrieved for a total of 143 patients. The mean age was 31.15±3.78 years. The mean PCV was 31.01%±3.79% at booking and 30.49%±4.80% during labor. The mean CD4 count was 413.87±212.09 cells/μL, with a range of 40 to 1,252 cells/μL. The mean infant weight was 3.05±0.45 kg, with a range of 2 to 5 kg. Age of the mother, gestational age, and PCV at booking were not statistically significantly associated with CD4 count. Conclusion Maternal age, gestational age, and PCV at booking had no significant effects on CD4+ cell count levels in pregnancy. The mean CD4+ cell count of HIV-positive pregnant women in Lagos is 413.87±212.09 cells/μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidoye Gbadegesin
- Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah O Ajibola
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Ben-Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ebele I Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Sobande
- Department Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Dada OA, Uche E, Akinbami A, Odesanya M, John-Olabode S, Adediran A, Oshinaike O, Ogbera AO, Okunoye O, Arogundade O, Aile K, Ekwere T. The relationship between red blood cell distribution width and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lagos, Nigeria. J Blood Med 2014; 5:185-9. [PMID: 25278786 PMCID: PMC4179754 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s67989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is related to impairment of erythropoiesis, reflecting chronic inflammation and increased levels of oxidative stress, both of which are telltale signs of type 2 diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the RDW and fasting blood sugar/blood pressure, and compare the results from diabetics with nondiabetic controls. Methods This was an unmatched case-control study involving 200 participants consisting of 100 diabetics and 100 nondiabetic controls. Blood (4.5 mL) was collected from all of the diabetics and nondiabetic controls, and placed into EDTA anticoagulant tubes. A full blood count was performed using the Sysmex KX-21N, a three-part auto analyzer able to run 19 parameters per sample, including RDW. Blood pressure was measured during sample collection and in a sitting position. Results The mean fasting blood sugar level was 95.20±30.10 mg/dL in the controls, and 147.85±72.54 mg/dL in the diabetics. The mean blood pressures for diabetics was 138/90 mmHg and for non-diabetics 120/80 mmHg. The mean RDW-SD (RDW standard deviation) was 46.44±4.64 fl in the controls, and 46.84±3.18 in the diabetics. The mean RDW-CV (RDW coefficient of variation) was 14.74%±1.94% in controls, and 14.80±0.71 for diabetics. No statistically significant correlation was found between the RDW-SD and fasting blood sugar/blood pressure in the diabetics. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the RDW-CV and blood pressure in the diabetics. Conclusion A positive correlation between the RDW-CV and blood pressure was established in the diabetics in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Akinola Dada
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Ebele Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | | | - Sarah John-Olabode
- Department of Haematology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | | | - Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju Arogundade
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Aile
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Ekwere
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria
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Akinbami A, Durojaiye I, Dosunmu A, John-Olabode S, Adediran A, Oshinaike O, Uche E, Dada A, Odesanya M, Okunoye O. Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus antibodies among patients with lymphoid malignancies at a tertiary center in Lagos, Nigeria. J Blood Med 2014; 5:169-74. [PMID: 25228827 PMCID: PMC4161527 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s67912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a significant association of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) with lymphoid malignancies. HTLV causes a lymphoproliferative malignancy of CD4-activated cells called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a chronic myelopathy called tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). This study aims to determine the prevalence of HTLV among patients with lymphoid malignancies at a tertiary center in Lagos. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at the hematology clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. After obtaining consent, approximately 5 mL of venous blood was collected from each subject. The serum was separated and stored at −20°C. Sera were assayed for HTLV by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to HTLV-1 and -2. Western blot confirmatory testing was done on reactive samples. All patients were also screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) by rapid kits. Results A total of 39 patients with lymphoid malignancies were enrolled, consisting of 24 (61.5%) with solid malignancies, while 15 (38.5%) had leukemia. Only two patients (5.1%) with lymphoid malignancies were reactive on the ELISA test. On confirmatory testing with Western blot, two patients (5.1%) with lymphoid malignancies were also positive for HTLV. All patients were HIV negative, but four were positive to HBsAg and HCV. There was no association between history of previous blood transfusion and positivity to HTLV (P=0.544). Conclusion A prevalence of 5.1% of HTLV among patients with lymphoid malignancies was found in this study, and previous history of blood transfusion was not found to be a significant cause of HTLV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Idris Durojaiye
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sarah John-Olabode
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ebele Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinola Dada
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Medicine, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Dosunmu AO, Adediran A, Adewunmi AA, Rabiu KA, Osunkalu V, Ajibola S, Uche EI, Adelekan A. Cluster of differentiation 4+ cell count mean value, reference range and its influencing factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seronegative pregnant women in Lagos. Niger Med J 2014; 55:116-20. [PMID: 24791043 PMCID: PMC4003712 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.129640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunity in pregnancy is physiologically compromised and this may affect cluster of differentiation four (CD4) count levels. It is well established that several factors affect CD4 count level in pregnancy. This study aims to determine the effects of maternal age, gestational age, parity and level of education as they influence CD4 count in pregnancy and also to determine the mean and reference range of CD4 count in pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Ante-natal clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria. About 5 mls of blood was collected into Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA) bottles from HIV-negative pregnant women in various gestational ages of pregnancy. CD4+ cell count and full blood count of all samples were done within 3 hours of collection. The descriptive data was given as means ± standard deviation (SD). Pearson's chi-squared test and correlation were used for analytical assessment. Results: A total of 74 pregnant women were recruited. The age range was 19–41 years and a mean age of 30.42 ± 5.34 years. The CD4+ cell count was not statistically significant when compared with participants ages P = 0.417, neither with gestational ages P = 0.323, nor with parity P = 0.247 nor level of education P = 0.96. An overall mean CD4+ cell count was 771.96 ± 250 cells/μl and the range was 193–1370 cells/μl. Conclusion: Maternal age, gestational age, parity and level of education had no significant effects on CD4+ cell count levels in pregnancy. The mean CD4+ cell count of HIV-negative pregnant women in Lagos is 771.96 ± 250 cells/μl.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - A O Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - A Adediran
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria
| | - A A Adewunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - K A Rabiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - V Osunkalu
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Nigeria
| | - S Ajibola
- Department of Haematology, Lagos University, Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Nigeria
| | - E I Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - A Adelekan
- Department of Haematology, Lagos State University, Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Durojaiye I, Akinbami A, Dosunmu A, Ajibola S, Adediran A, Uche E, Oshinaike O, Odesanya M, Dada A, Okunoye O. Seroprevalence of human T lymphotropic virus antibodies among healthy blood donors at a tertiary centre in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:301. [PMID: 25328597 PMCID: PMC4198262 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.301.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transmission of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) occurs from mother to child, by sexual contact and blood transfusion. Presently, in most centres in Nigeria, there is no routine pre-transfusion screening for HTLV. The study aims to determine the prevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 among healthy blood donors at a tertiary centre in Lagos. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at the blood donor clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja. About 5mls of venous blood was collected from each subject into a sterile plain bottle after obtaining subject's consent. The serum separated and stored at -200C. Sera were assayed for HTLV by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to HTLV 1 and HTLV -2. Western blot confirmatory testing was done on reactive samples. All donors were also screened for HIV, HBsAg and HCV by rapid kits. Results The seroprevalence of HTLV -1 by ELISA was 1.0% and 0.5% by Western Blot among blood donors. A total of 210 healthy blood donors were enrolled. Only 2 (1.0%) blood donors were repeatedly reactive with ELISA test. On confirmatory testing with Western Blot, 1 (0.5%) blood donor was positive for HTLV. All the healthy blood donors were negative for HIV, HbsAg and HCV. None of the 210 blood donors had been previously transfused; as such no association could be established between transfusion history and HTLV positivity among the blood donors. Conclusion The seroprevalence of HTLV in this environment is low among healthy blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Durojaiye
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Lagos State University, Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Ajibola
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Ben Carson, School of Medicine, Backcok University, Ilisan, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ebele Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | | | - Akinola Dada
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Medicine, University of PortHarcourt, River State, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Ajibola S, Bode-Shojobi I, Oshinaike O, Adediran A, Ojelabi O, Osikomaiya B, Ismail K, Uche E, Moronke R. Prevalence of significant bacteriuria among symptomatic and asymptomatic homozygous sickle cell disease patients in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2014; 17:163-7. [DOI: 10.4103/1119-3077.127441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Background Apart from challenging the bone marrow to increase its red cell production, thereby producing more blood for the donor, regular blood donation has been shown to have several benefits, one of which is preventing accumulation of body iron which can cause free radical formation in the body. This study was carried out to assess body iron stores in regular blood donors. Methods A total of 52 regular (study) and 30 first-time (control) volunteer blood donors were studied prospectively. Twenty milliliters of venous blood was drawn from each subject, 5 mL of which was put into sodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid specimen bottles for a full blood count, including red blood cell indices. The remaining sample was allowed to clot in a plain container, and the serum was then retrieved for serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum transferrin receptor measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Mean hemoglobin and packed cell volume in the study group (13.47 ± 2.36 g/dL and 42.00 ± 7.10, respectively, P = 0.303) were not significantly higher than in the control group (12.98 ± 1.30 g/dL and 39.76 ± 4.41, respectively, P = 0.119). Mean serum ferritin was 102.46 ± 80.26 ng/mL in the control group and 41.46 ± 40.33 ng/mL in the study group (P = 0.001). Mean serum ferritin for women in the study group (28.02 ± 25.00 ng/mL) was significantly lower than for women in the control group (56.35 ± 34.03 ng/mL, P = 0.014). Similarly, men in the study group had a lower mean serum ferritin (48.57 ± 45.17 ng/mL) than men in the control group (145.49 ± 87.74 ng/mL, P = 0.00). The mean serum transferrin receptor value was higher in the study group (1.56 ± 0.88 μg/mL) than in the control group (1.19 ± 0.38 μg/mL, P = 0.033). Conclusion These findings suggest that hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and serum iron levels are not significantly affected by regular blood donation and that regular blood donors appear to have reduced iron stores compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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13
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Abstract
Introduction A few reports have linked regular blood donation to the lowering of parameters of lipid profile. Estimating the lipid profile is an accepted method of assessing an individual’s risk for coronary heart disease, particularly if there is evidence of lipid peroxidation. Regular blood donation may lower iron stores, and this in turn lowers lipid peroxidation. This study was carried out to determine the effect of blood donation on lipid profile. Materials and methods Eighty-two participants consented to participate and were enrolled into the study, 52 of whom were regular blood donors (study group) and 30 were non-donors (control group). Venous blood (10 mL) was drawn from each subject into new plain screw-capped disposable plastic tubes. This was allowed to clot and the serum was used to determine total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein. Results The mean total cholesterol (4.66 ± 0.86 mmol/L), triglycerides (1.22 ± 0.64 mmol/L), and low-density lipoprotein (2.32 ± 0.73 mmol/L) were significantly lower in the regular blood donors than the control group (5.61 ± 1.26 mmol/L, 1.77 ± 2.9 mmol/L, and 3.06 ± 0.89 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.05 in all cases). Also, while 42% of the study group had a low/high-density lipoprotein ratio of at least three, about 57% of the control group had a ratio of at least three (P = 0.21). Conclusion Regular blood donation may be protective against cardiovascular disease as reflected by significantly lower mean total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in regular blood donors than in non-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Uche
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Ajibola SO, Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, Dosunmu AO, Adediran A, Osunkalu VO, Osikomaiya BI, Ismail KA. Hematological profile of normal pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J Womens Health 2013; 5:227-32. [PMID: 23662089 PMCID: PMC3647602 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s42110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological profile is considered one of the factors affecting pregnancy and its outcome. Anemia is the most common hematological problem in pregnancy, followed by thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis is almost always associated with pregnancy. The study reported here was designed to evaluate the overall mean values of seven major hematological parameters and their mean values at different trimesters of pregnancy. Subjects and methods This examination was a cross-sectional study of 274 pregnant women who registered to attend the Lagos University Teaching Hospital or Lagos State University Teaching Hospital antenatal clinics between their first and third trimester. Blood (4.5 mL) was collected from each participant into a tube containing the anticoagulant ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). A full blood count was performed on each sample and the results were analyzed. Results Overall, the values obtained were (mean ± standard deviation [SD]): hematocrit level, 30.16% ± 5.55%; hemoglobin concentration, 10.94 ± 1.86 g/dL; white blood cells, 7.81 ± 2.34 × 109; platelets, 228.29 ± 65.6 × 109; cell volume 78.30 ± 5.70 fL, corpuscular hemoglobin, 28.57 ± 2.48 pg; and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 36.45 ± 1.10 g/dL. When grouped by trimester, the mean ± SD value of packed cell volume at first trimester was 32.07% ± 6.80%; of second trimester, 29.76% ± 5.21%; and of third, 33.04% ± 3.88%. The mean ± SD hemoglobin concentration values were 11.59 ± 2.35 g/dL, 10.81 ± 1.72 g/dL, and 10.38 ± 1.27 g/dL for women in their first, second, and third trimester, respectively. Mean ± SD white blood cell concentration for first, second, and third trimesters were 7.31 ± 2.38 × 109, 7.88 ± 2.33 × 109, and 8.37 ± 2.15 × 109, respectively, while the mean ± SD platelet values for first, second, and third trimesters were 231.50 ± 79.10 × 109, 227.57 ± 63 × 109, and 200.82 ± 94.42 × 109, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found to exist between packed cell volume and white blood cell count with increase in gestational age (P = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant association between platelet count and increase in gestational age (P = 0.296). Conclusion These findings reinforce the need for supplementation and provide additional information on hematological reference values in pregnancy in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami A, Popoola A, Adediran A, Dosunmu A, Oshinaike O, Adebola P, Ajibola S. Full blood count pattern of pre-chemotherapy breast cancer patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Caspian J Intern Med 2013; 4:574-579. [PMID: 24009939 PMCID: PMC3762228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background : Full blood count has been shown to predict disease severity and mortality risk in cancer patients. This study aimed to highlight the degree of derangements of full blood count parameters and provide mean values in pre-chemotherapy breast cancer patients compared with apparently normal control subjects. METHODS This was an unmatched case-control study among breast cancer patients attending Oncology clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja and the nurses of the institution as control. A total of 4.5 mls of blood was collected from each participant into EDTA bottle for full blood count analysis, done on the same day of collection. RESULTS A total of 100 histologically diagnosed, consenting, pre-chemotherapy patients of the clinic (cases) and 50 nurses of the institution as controls were studied. Anemia was found in 58%, 43% and 20% of cases compared with 38%, 36% and 2% of controls using PCV< 36%, 30-36% and 30%, respectively. The mean MCV, MCH, MCHC (82.62±7.48 fl, 26.01±2.78 pg, 30.73±4.06 g/l respectively) of cases were lower than the controls (85.36±5.74 fl, 27.24±1.90 pg, 31.81±0.8 g/l, respectively and RDW of cases (15.61±3.53) was higher than the control (14.24±0.75). The mean WBC counts, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages of cases (6.96±7.22, 54.75±13.1% and 38.19±12.70%, respectively) were higher than the controls (5.47±1.57, 44.39±8.78% and 8.82±15.97%, respectively). The mean platelet count of cases 291.51±103.38 was also higher than the controls (222.82±57.62). CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients presented with deranged full blood count pattern, consequent to the disease compared with the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Adediran A, Gbadegesin A, Adeyemo TA, Akinbami A, Osunkalu V, Ogbenna A, Akanmu AS. Cord blood haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in newborns of anaemic and non-anaemic mothers in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2013; 54:22-6. [PMID: 23661895 PMCID: PMC3644740 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-delivery haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of anaemic and non-anaemic mothers were determined, and cord blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of their newborns were compared. This is to establish the mean values for pre-delivery haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of anaemic and non-anaemic mothers and the cord blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of their newborns at term. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was done involving 142 pregnant women and their newborns. They were divided into two groups - the anaemic group (n = 65) and the non-anaemic (n = 77) group. Five millilitres of blood was collected from each woman and 2 ml was collected from the cord of their newborns into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottle and plain bottle for full blood count analysis and ferritin assay, respectively. RESULTS The mean pre-delivery haemoglobin concentrations of the women in anaemic group and non-anaemic group were 9.5 ± 1.01 g/dl and 12.15 ± 1.07 g/dl, respectively, and their mean serum ferritin concentrations were 64.45 ± 138.76 μg/l and 32.83 ± 35.36 μg/l, respectively. The mean cord blood haemoglobin concentrations for anaemic and for non-anaemic groups were 12.54 ± 2.54 g/dl and 13.44 ± 2.23 g/dl (P = 0.02), respectively, and the mean cord blood serum ferritin concentrations (non-anaemic, 69.38 ± 78.88 μg/l; anaemic, 7.26 ± 115.60 μg/l) (P = 0.00) were higher in the newborns of non-anaemic than of anaemic mothers. Significant association was found between maternal anaemia and cord blood ferritin concentrations (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Maternal anaemia has significant effects on cord blood haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidoye Gbadegesin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Titilope A. Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Osunkalu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ann Ogbenna
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami A, Bode-Shojobi I, Ajibola S, Oshinaike O, Adediran A, Ojelabi O, Ismail K, Osikomaiya B. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in HIV Infected Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/wja.2013.32014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hereditary resistance to activated Protein C (Factor V Leiden) is the commonest genetic defect known to confer a predisposition to thrombosis. This study aims to determine the prevalence of activated protein C resistance (APCr) in Lagos, and to determine if any association exists between APCr and ABO, Rhesus blood types, and hemoglobin phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A functional APCr test was conducted on healthy adult volunteers to get a Factor-V-related activated protein C ratio (APC-V ratio). APCr due to Factor V mutation was indicated when the APC-V ratio is below a cut-off value that was determined by calibration. Subjects' hemoglobin, red cell ABO, and Rhesus phenotypes were determined by standard methods. RESULTS Six (2%) of 297 participants with normal baseline coagulation screening tests had functional resistance to activated protein C (APC-V ratio < 2). None of the six subjects with APCr had history of venous thromboembolism. One of the six subjects was a female but the male sex did not demonstrate a risk of inheritance of APCr (P = 0.39). Four (67%) of the six subjects with APCr were non-O blood group. Whereas only two (0.9%) of 226 non-A subjects (blood groups 0 and B) had APCr, 4 (6%) of 71 subjects with A gene (blood groups A and AB) had APCr. The inheritance of A gene appears to constitute a risk to inheritance of APCr (P = 0.03). No association was demonstrable between APCr and hemoglobin phenotypes. CONCLUSION Only 2% of the studied population had resistance to APC. The inheritance of blood group A may be a predisposition to APCr.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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Adeyemo TA, Adeyemo WL, Adediran A, Akinbami AJA, Akanmu AS. Orofacial manifestation of hematological disorders: hemato-oncologic and immuno-deficiency disorders. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 22:688-97. [PMID: 22406715 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.93458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases with special reference to hemato-oncologic, immuno-deficiency disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases with emphasis on hemato-oncologic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Mesh phrases used in the search were: Oral diseases AND hematological disorders; orofacial diseases AND leukemias; orofacial lesions AND lymphomas; orofacial diseases AND multiple myeloma, orofacial manifestations AND HIV. The Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine and narrow the searches. The full texts of these articles were thoroughly examined. References in these articles also were manually searched non-Medline articles. Only relevant articles were selected for the review. Orofacial manifestation of malignant hematological diseases may present as primary clinical features due to infiltration of orofacial tissues, or as secondary due to the subsequent infiltration of normal bone marrow elements, or tertiary due to the side effects of the treatment. HIV-associated orofacial lesion may be a clinical indicator of HIV infection in otherwise healthy, undiagnosed individuals; an early clinical feature of HIV infection; clinical markers for the classification and staging of HIV disease or may be a predictor of HIV disease progression. Orofacial manifestations of malignant hematological diseases and HIV infection are not uncommon findings in clinical practice. These manifestations may be clinical indicators of hematologic disorders in otherwise healthy, undiagnosed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilope A Adeyemo
- Departments of Haematology and Blood Transfusion And Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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Akinbami A, Dosunmu A, Adediran A, Oshinaike O, Adebola P, Arogundade O. Haematological values in homozygous sickle cell disease in steady state and haemoglobin phenotypes AA controls in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:396. [PMID: 22849350 PMCID: PMC3423074 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is a genetic abnormality involving the haemoglobin. Although, it is primarily a red cell disorders, the white blood cells and platelets are also affected by the mutation. The consequent haemoglobin S causes polymerization of haemoglobin resulting in haemolysis and anaemia. This study aims to provide baseline haematological values in sickle cell disease patients in steady state and compare the deviation from haemoglobin phenotype AA control values. METHODS A case-control study was conducted amongst homozygous sickle cell patients attending the sickle cell clinics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja and haemoglobin phenotype AA controls. About 4.5mls of blood sample was collected from each participant for full blood count analysis. All blood samples were screened for HIV and haemoglobin phenotypes confirmed using cellulose acetate haemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.6. RESULTS A total of 103 cases and 98 controls were enrolled. The overall mean haemoglobin concentration for cases was 7.93 ± 1.47 g/dl, packed cell volume 24.44 ± 4.68%, mean cell volume 81.52 ± 7.89 fl, and mean cell haemoglobin 26.50 ± 3.20 pg. While for controls, mean haemoglobin concentration was 13.83 ± 1.32 g/dl, packed cell volume 43.07 ± 3.95%, mean cell volume 86.90 ± 4.69 fl, and mean cell haemoglobin 28.50 ± 1.34 pg. The overall mean white blood cell counts for the cases was 10.27 ± 3.94 *103/μl and platelet counts of 412.71 ± 145.09*103/μl. While white blood cell count for the controls was 5.67 ± 1.59*103/μl and platelet counts of 222.82 ± 57.62*103/μl. CONCLUSION Homozygous sickle cell disease patients have lower values of red cell parameters, but higher values of white cell and platelets counts compared to haemoglobin phenotype AA controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Phillip Adebola
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju Arogundade
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami A, Balogun B, Balogun M, Dosunmu O, Oshinaike O, Adediran A, Adegboyega K. Chest X-ray findings in HIV- infected Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART)-naïve patients. Pan Afr Med J 2012; 12:78. [PMID: 23077699 PMCID: PMC3473964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently present with a wide spectrum of pulmonary and cardiac complications from the virus, opportunistic infections and neoplasms that may be associated with a high mortality rate. Diseases of the respiratory tract account for about half of deaths from AIDS, while cardiac diseases account for more than a quarter of deaths from AIDS. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of pulmonary and cardiac diseases using a chest radiograph in HAART-naïve HIV-infected patients. METHODS This study was conducted at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) HIV clinic between September 2010 and August 2011 amongst all registered HAART-naïve HIV/AIDS patients. Patients had posterior-anterior chest radiographs done in full inspiration. Participants were asked and aided to fill the structured questionnaires to obtain demographic data. RESULTS Out of a total of one hundred and two recruited for the study, 54 ( 52.94%) had a normal chest radiograph, while 48 (47.06%) had abnormal chest radiograph .The abnormal findings included, 27.45% who had bronchopneumonia, 6.86% cardiomegaly, 5.88% pulmonary tuberculosis, 5.88% radiological features of congestive cardiac failure, and 0.98% bronchitis. CONCLUSION It appears that more than half of HAART-naïve HIV-infected patients have normal chest radiographs. Bronchopneumonia (27.5%) is the commonest pulmonary abnormality associated with HIV infection, while the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is 5.88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria,Corresponding author: Akinsegun Akinbami, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - Babajide Balogun
- Department of Radiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - Modupe Balogun
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - Owolabi Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Adegboyega
- Department of Radiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria
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Onwah AL, Adeyemo TA, Adediran A, Ajibola SO, Akanmu AS. Prevalence and type of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in an apparently healthy Nigerian population: a cross sectional study. BMC Blood Disord 2012; 12:7. [PMID: 22742514 PMCID: PMC3502492 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2326-12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant plasma-cell disorder has not been determined in our geographic area Nigeria. Methods A cross sectional survey was carried on apparently healthy Nigerians selected by multistage sampling technique from the cosmopolitan city of Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects enrolled into the study had 2-step screening for the presence, type and concentration of monoclonal band. Agarose-gel electrophoresis was performed on all serum samples, and any serum sample with a discrete band of monoclonal protein or thought to have a localized band was subjected to Immunofixation. Subjects were also evaluated for Bence jones proteinuria, haematological and biochemical parameters. Results Four hundred and ten subjects with a mean age of 45.68 ± 10.3 years, a median of 45.00 years and a range of 20 to 80 years were enrolled into the study. MGUS was identified in only one (0.24 percent) of the 410 study subject. This subject was demonstrated to have a double monoclonal gammopathy; IgGλ at 16.9 g/L and IgAκ at 8.5 g/L. None of them including the sole subject with MGUS had a monoclonal urinary light chain. Conclusion Among residents of Lagos, Nigeria, MGUS was found in only 0.24% percent of apparently normal persons with a median age of 45 years. This suggests that MGUS which represents the earliest stage of monoclonal plasma/lymphoid cell proliferation is not a common finding in the relatively young population of Nigeria. Future epidemiologic studies dealing with plasma cell disorders in older people are required to carefully examine the relationship between environmental factors and prevalence of MGUS and its ultimate progression to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lawretta Onwah
- Department of Haematology & Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P,M,B, 12003, Marina, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Adeyemo TA, Adeyemo WL, Adediran A, Akinbami AJA, Akanmu AS. Orofacial manifestations of hematological disorders: anemia and hemostatic disorders. Indian J Dent Res 2012; 22:454-61. [PMID: 22048588 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.87070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with particular reference to anemias and disorders of hemostasis. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with emphasis on anemia. Mesh phrases used in the search were: oral diseases AND anaemia; orofacial diseases AND anaemia; orofacial lesions AND anaemia; orofacial manifestations AND disorders of haemostasis. The Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine and narrow the searches. Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia and aplastic anemia. The manifestations include conjunctiva and facial pallor, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatitis, dysphagia, magenta tongue, midfacial overgrowth, osteoclerosis, osteomyelitis and paraesthesia/anesthesia of the mental nerve. Orofacial petechiae, conjunctivae hemorrhage, nose-bleeding, spontaneous and post-traumatic gingival hemorrhage and prolonged post-extraction bleeding are common orofacial manifestations of inherited hemostatic disorders such as von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia. A wide array of anemic and hemostatic disorders encountered in internal medicine has manifestations in the oral cavity and the facial region. Most of these manifestations are non-specific, but should alert the hematologist and the dental surgeon to the possibilities of a concurrent disease of hemopoiesis or hemostasis or a latent one that may subsequently manifest itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilope A Adeyemo
- Departments of Haematology and Blood Transfusion and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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Akinbami AA, Oshinaike OO, Dosunmu OA, Adeyemo TA, Adediran A, Akanmu S, Wright KO, Ilori S, Aile K. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBe antigen) and B core antibodies (IgG anti-HBcore and IgM anti-HBcore) among hepatitis B surface antigen positive blood donors at a Tertiary Centre in Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:167. [PMID: 22455501 PMCID: PMC3411450 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a common cause of liver disease throughout the world. HBV is transmitted through blood and other body fluids, including semen and saliva. Chronic replication of HBV virons is characterized by persistence circulation of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA; usually with anti-HBc and occasionally with anti-HBs. Aim: To determine the prevalence of HBeAg, IgG anti-HBcore and IgM anti-HBcore amongst HBsAg positive blood donors. These parameters are reflective of transmissibility and active hepatitis B infection. A cross sectional study was carried out at the blood donor clinics of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idiaraba. A total of 267 donors were recruited to determine HBe antigen, IgG and IgM anti-HBcore antibodies amongst hepatitis BsAg positive donors. Five milliliters of blood was collected from those who tested positive to HBsAg screen during donation. The sera were subjected to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson chi-squared test was used for the analytical assessment. Findings A total number of 267 HBsAg positive blood donors were studied. A seroprevalence of 8.2% (22 of 267) HBeAg was obtained, 4 of 267 (1.5%) were indeterminate while 241 (90.3%) tested negative. Only 27 out of 267 donors (10.1%) tested positive to IgM anti-HBcore, 234(87.6%) tested negative, while 6(2.2%) were indeterminate. A higher percentage of 60.7% (162 of 267) tested positive to IgG anti-HBcore, while 39.3% (105 of 267) tested negative. Conclusion There is a low seroprevalence rate of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis and relatively high IgG anti-HBcore and IgM anti-HBcore rates in South West Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsegun A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria.
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Akinbami A, Dosunmu A, Adediran A, Oshinaike O, Phillip A, Vincent O, Olanrewaju A, Oluwaseun A. Steady state hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in homozygous sickle cell disease patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Caspian J Intern Med 2012; 3:405-9. [PMID: 24358434 PMCID: PMC3861903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder of hemoglobin causing myriad of pathology including anemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the baseline values of steady state hemoglobin and packed cell volume as a guide to managing the early recognition of hemolytic crises in sickle cell anemia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the sickle cell patients attending the Sickle Cell clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. A blood sample of 4.5 ml blood was collected from each participant for hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume. All blood samples were also screened for HIV and hemoglobin phenotypes were done using cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis at pH 8.6. RESULTS A total of 98 subjects in steady state were recruited, consisting of 53 (54.1%) females and 45 (45.9%) males. The overall means were 7.92±1.49 and 24.46±4.76; a female mean of 7.73±1.45; 23.89±4.60, and a male mean of 8.14±1.54 and 25.14±4.91 were obtained for hemoglobin and packed cell volume, respectively. Sixty - nine of the 98 (70.40%) subjects have been previously transfused with blood. CONCLUSION The mean hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in males was higher than females. The overall mean was lower than what was expected for age and sex. Over two-third of sickle cell anemia population had been transfused.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke Oshinaike
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adebola Phillip
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Osunkalu Vincent
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Rabiu KA, Adewunmi AA, Wright KO, Dosunmu AO, Adeyemo TA, Adediran A, Osunkalu VO. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies amongst normal pregnant women in Nigeria. Int J Womens Health 2011; 3:423-8. [PMID: 22247628 PMCID: PMC3256943 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous virus belonging to the herpes family, is known to be transmitted frequently to developing fetuses in pregnancy. In an immunocompromised state like pregnancy, primary infection through blood transfusion or reactivation of a latent CMV infection can cause severe illness. The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to cytomegalovirus amongst pregnant women in correlation with previous exposure to blood transfusion. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out amongst 179 HIV negative pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. Five mL of blood was collected and stored in a plain bottle, centrifuged on the same day and the serum stored at -20°C. All samples were screened for anti-CMV IgG antibodies using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consenting participants were instructed to fill a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain demographic and other related information. Statistical analysis of the results was done using Pearson's chi squared test for analytical assessment. RESULTS A total of 97.2% of the pregnant women recruited for this study were anti-CMV IgG positive. Out of the 179 recruited for the study 174 responded to the question on previous history of blood transfusion, 14.9% of the respondents (26 of 174) had a previous history of blood transfusion and all tested positive to the anti-CMVIgG antibody. However, past history of blood transfusion and educational level were found to be insignificant to the risk of acquiring CMV infection. CONCLUSION The seroprevalence of the CMV antibody amongst pregnant women in this environment is high in relation to findings in other developing countries. There is the need to assess anti-CMV immunoglobulin M antibodies in pregnant women, which is a determinant of active infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kikelomo Ololade Wright
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja
| | | | - Titilope Adenike Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Oluseye Osunkalu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, Idiaraba, Nigeria
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Adediran A, Gbadegesin A, Adeyemo TA, Akinbami AA, Akanmu AS, Osunkalu V, Ogbenna AA, Oremosu A. Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations of pregnant women at term. Obstet Med 2011; 4:152-5. [PMID: 27579114 PMCID: PMC4989644 DOI: 10.1258/om.2011.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia in pregnancy is defined as haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations of less than 11 g/dL while low ferritin is defined as serum ferritin (SR) levels of less than 10 µg/L. Hb and ferritin concentrations of pregnant women at term were determined to establish their mean values and to determine the prevalence of anaemia in our locality. METHODS Haemoglobin and ferritin levels of 170 non-smoking and HIV-negative pregnant women were determined at term. The majority 143 of 170 (84.1%) of the pregnant women recruited for the study, booked at the beginning of the second trimester and received 200 mg elemental iron in three divided doses and 5 mg folic acid daily which were commenced at booking. Five millilitres of blood were collected from each patient at term into EDTA bottles for full blood count analysis and another 5 mL into plain bottles for SR assay. RESULTS The mean Hb and ferritin values were 10.9 ± 1.9 and 47.84 ± 98.39 µg/L, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia at term was 46.4%. Only 11.2% (19 of 170) of pregnant women at term had low SR (iron stores). A statistically significant relationship was found between women's education and SR (P = 0.032). Booking status also correlated directly with SR and haemoglobin concentrations, while increasing age and parity did not. CONCLUSION About half of the patients were anaemic. Iron deficiency is not the major cause of anaemia in pregnancy in this study because the majority of the pregnant women had normal iron stores. Education and booking status are possible factors that contribute to anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos
| | | | - T A Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos
| | - A A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja
| | - A S Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos
| | - V Osunkalu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos
| | - A A Ogbenna
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Oremosu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akinbami AA, Adegboyega AO, Oshinaike OO, Adebola PA, Enabulele C, Dosunmu OA, Adediran A. Chest X- ray findings in HIV patients in relation to the CD4 count. Nig Q J Hosp Med 2011; 21:306-311. [PMID: 23175897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4 count measures the degree of immunosupression in HIV-infected patients. Immunosupression results in lack of ability of the body to fight infections thus predisposing the individual to infection; lung is one of the most susceptible organs. An important diagnostic tool in assessing the respiratory complications as well as the manifestations of HIV infection is the chest radiograph. OBJECTIVE This study is aimed at determining the radiological features seen on chest radiographs of HIV/AIDS patients in relation to their corresponding CD4 count which is a measure of immunosupression. METHODS This study was conducted at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) HIV clinic between September 2009 and August 2010 amongst all consenting registered HIV/AIDS patients. A total of one hundred and six consenting participants were recruited consecutively into the study, their blood samples were collected for CD4 count assay, and all the participants were sent for chest xray in the radiology department. They were asked to fill the structured questionnaire to obtain demographic data. RESULTS More than three-quarters, 87(82.1%) had a normal chest radiographs. The abnormal findings included 13 cases of (12.3%) pulmonary tuberculosis, 3(2.8%) having bronchopneumonia, and 3(2.8%) lobar pneumonia. Majority, 32 of 87 of those with normal chest-x ray had CD4 count <100 cells/il while about half of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (5 of 13) had CD4 count >350 cells/il. All the three patients who had lobar pneumonia had CD4 count between 200-350 cells/il, while 2 of 3 patients with bronchopneumonia had CD4 counts between 200-350 cells/il, only 1 of them had CD4 of 100-200 cells/il CONCLUSION About three-quarters of HIV-infected patients had normal chest radiographs, majority of those with normal chest x-ray were severely immunocompromised. While almost half of those with pulmonary tuberculosis had CD4 count >350 cells/il. The CD4 count level may not be an indicator of pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine.
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Adediran A, Gbadegesin A, Adeyemo TA, Akinbami A, Osunkalu VO, Ogbenna AA, Temiye EO, Akanmu AS. Haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in cord blood in a tertiary health centre in Nigeria. Nig Q J Hosp Med 2011; 21:284-289. [PMID: 23175892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemoglobin(Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) concentrations of cord blood of babies born at term at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Maternity Centre (Ayinke House), Ikeja in the South-Western part of Nigeria were determined to establish mean values for these substances in our locality. OBJECTIVES To establish the mean values for haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations of cord blood of babies born at term in our environment and to determine the prevalence of foetal anaemia and low iron store in cord blood in our locality. METHODS Haemoglobin and ferritin levels in cord blood of 142 newborns were determined. Two millilitres of blood was collected from the cord of each newborn into EDTA bottle for complete blood count analysis and another 2mls into a plain bottle for serum ferritin assay. Cut-off values for cord blood Hb and serum ferritin concentrations were 12.5g/dL and 60 microg/L respectively. RESULTS The mean Hb and ferritin values were 13.024 +/- 2.41 g/dL and 70.85 +/- 97.07 microg/dL respectively. The prevalence of foetal anaemia is 32.4 %. About 59.2% of full term newborns had low iron store. Birth weight was significantly associated with Hb concentration (p=0.039) and apga sscore (p=0.002). CONCLUSION The prevalence of foetal anaemia was 32.4%. More than half (59.2%) of the newborns had low cord blood serum ferritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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Dosunmu AO, Akinbami AA, Oshinaike OO, Adediran A, Adeyemo TA, Akanmu AS. Open heart surgery: preliminary report of blood transfusion practice and haematological changes. Experience from a Nigerian tertiary teaching hospital. Niger Postgrad Med J 2011; 18:177-181. [PMID: 21909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study aimed at reviewing the utilisation of blood / blood products and haematological profile changes, with a view to developing a hospital transfusion guideline in open heart surgery in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surgeries were performed at the intensive care unit theatre of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Eligibility for surgery was determined by the Cardiologist and the cardiovascular Surgeon based on clinical presentation, electro- and echocardiography assessments among other tests. Fourteen open-heart surgeries were conducted. Blood products demand for different procedures and several peri-operative laboratory parameters such as full blood count, and coagulation profile were determined. RESULTS The greatest demand for blood products was found in valvular surgery and atrial septal defect (ASD) where a mean of four units of red cell concentrate, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate were transfused. Other surgeries such as, patent ductus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot did not require much transfusion of blood products. Overall, the pre-operative and post-operative haematocrit, white cell count, platelet count, and international normalized ratio (INR) mean were 37% /25%,4.9 X 10 9/L / 11.4 X 10 9/L, 182 X 10 9/L/ 97 X 10 9/L, and 1.15/ 2.2 respectively. CONCLUSION It appears that transfusion requirement in most open heart surgeries aside from valvular surgery and atrial septal defect (ASD) repair, is minimal. Patients for valvular heart surgeries and ASD repair should be evaluated for possible autologous blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Dosunmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
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Abudu EK, Akanmu SA, Soriyan OO, Akinbami AA, Adediran A, Adeyemo TA, Okany CC. Serum testosterone levels of HbSS (sickle cell disease) male subjects in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:298. [PMID: 21849076 PMCID: PMC3170610 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a major problem in sickle cell disease patients, especially in males. In addition to low serum testosterone, other abnormalities involving the accessory sex organs, such as the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland, as well as marked decrease in ejaculate volume may be observed in male HbSS patients. Hence, the need to study the role of sex hormones as a cause of infertility in male HbSS patients. METHODS An unmatched case-control study was performed using seventy-five consenting subjects from Lagos University Teaching Hospital. These included 47 patients with haemoglobin phenotype SS from the Sickle cell clinic and 28 volunteered medical students and members of staff with haemoglobin phenotype AA. Demographic data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 5 mls of blood was collected from each subject between 9.00 am & 11.am, and assayed for serum testosterone concentration. RESULTS The concentrations of serum testosterone in HbSS patients ranged from 0.2 to 4.3 ng/ml with a mean of 1.28 ± 0.72 ng/ml whilst the values in HbAA controls ranged from 1.2 to 6.9 ng/ml with a mean of 2.63 ± 1.04 ng/ml. Seven (25.0%) of the 28 controls had serum testosterone concentration lower than the quoted reference (normal) range whereas 44 (93.6%) of the 47 HbSS subjects had serum testosterone concentration lower than the reference range. CONCLUSION Overall, subjects with HbSS have significantly lower mean serum testosterone than HbAA controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Abudu
- Department of Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaiman A Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oyetunji O Soriyan
- Department of Chemical Pathology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Adewumi Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Titilope A Adeyemo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Charles C Okany
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Titilope AA, Adediran A, Umeh C, Akinbami A, Unigwe O, Akanmu AS. Psychosocial Impact of disclosure of HIV Serostatus in heterosexual relationship at the Lagos University teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Niger Med J 2011; 52:55-59. [PMID: 21969222 PMCID: PMC3180759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the rate and pattern of disclosure and non disclosure of HIV serostatus among people living with HIV and the psychosocial impact of disclosure. METHODS: Participants were drawn from the adult HIV clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from consenting participants that included socio-demographic information, pattern and reason for non-disclosure and the possible consequences of disclosure of HIV serostatus to their sexual partners. RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety nine respondents with a mean age of 37.3 ± 9.6 years were recruited into the study. There were 157 males and 342 females. Majority of the participants were married (62%) and belonged to the low socio-economic class. Overall 61.5% (307 of 499) had disclosed their status to sex partner(s). Gender, social class and length of year of diagnosis were not associated with disclosure but number of sexual partners was strongly associated with non disclosure. P=0.0063. The most common reason for non-disclosure was fear of rejection (65%). Majority (96.7%) of those who disclosed their status had no regret and majority (81.1%) of those who had not disclosed had protected sex. After counseling, only18.8% (36 of 192) of those that had not disclosed thought that the counseling had helped them overcome the fear of disclosure and were willing to disclose. CONCLUSION: Many people would disclose their HIV serostatus to sex partner(s). Protected sex (through the use of condom) is widely accepted in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemo A Titilope
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A. Adediran
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C. Umeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A. Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - O. Unigwe
- Counseling Unit, AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), Lagos University Teaching Hospital Site, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A. S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Osunkalu V, Onajole A, Odeyemi K, Ogunnowo B, Sekoni A, Ayoola G, Adediran A, Akinde O, Adeyemo A. Homocysteine and folate levels as indicators of cerebrovascular accident. J Blood Med 2010; 1:131-4. [PMID: 22282692 PMCID: PMC3262338 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Homocysteinemia has been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders by the American Heart Association.1 Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is presently ranked as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine homocysteine and folate levels and some basic hematologic parameters in patients who sustain a cerebrovascular accident and those who do not. Methodology: In total, 100 participants were recruited, comprising 40 clinically diagnosed stroke (hemorrhagic or thromboembolic) patients and 60 healthy control subjects. Plasma homocysteine and folate levels were measured. Anticoagulated whole blood samples were evaluated for hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) count, and mean cell volume (MCV). Results: The mean age of stroke patients was 62 ± 12 years and that of controls was 55 ± 18 years (P = 0.1756). Mean plasma homocysteine levels for stroke patients and controls were 17.7 ± 4.4 μmol/L and 9.5 ± 2.4 μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.0000) and mean plasma folate levels for the groups were 6.5 ± 2.9 μg/dL and 4.0 ± 2.4 μg/dL (P = 0.0407). The MCV for stroke patients was significantly higher than that for controls (85 fl versus 82 fl, P = 0.04). Mean homocysteine levels correlated inversely with Hb and PCV (r = −0.08 and r = −0.122, respectively) and weakly with WBC (P = 0.125). Conclusion: Homocysteinemia is a major predictor of cerebrovascular accident in the black Nigerian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Osunkalu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion
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Akinbami AA, Oshinaike OO, Adeyemo TA, Adediran A, Oshikomaiya BI, Ismail KA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in HIV patients using a rapid one-step test strip kit. Nig Q J Hosp Med 2010; 20:144-146. [PMID: 21033324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are transmitted via similar routes making co-infection with these viruses a common event. In addition, HIV infection and related immunosupression in patients with hepatitis C may be associated with more rapid progression of liver disease to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and death. OBJECTIVE The study is to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection rate. METHODS A cross -sectional study was carried out from January to March 2010 at the HIV clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. About 5 mls of blood sample was collected from each consenting participant. Sera were subjected to HCV rapid kit as recommended by the manufacturer (Dia Spot HCV one step test strip). The descriptive data was given as means +/- standard deviation (SD). The chi-squared test was used for analytical assessment. The differences were considered statistically significant when P value obtained was < 0.05. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence rate of HIV/HCV coinfection was 3.3%. Only 6 of 194 female HIV subjects screened tested positive for HCV (3.1%), while 3 of 73 male subjects tested positive for HCV (4.1%) (P value 0.001). None of the 9 co-infected HIV/HCV participants (both male and female) had CD4 count of 350 and above, 3 had a count of 1-100 cells/il., 4 had 100-200, while 2 had 201-350. CONCLUSION There is the need to include hepatitis C screening routinely in all HIV-infected patients undergoing pre-HAART evaluation in HIV clinics in order to lower liver-related morbidity and mortality associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos.
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Adegoke OA, Kolawole BA, Ikem RT, Adediran A, Aboderin AO, Salawu A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Niger J Clin Pract 2008; 11:199-201. [PMID: 19140353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a strong epidemiologic association between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in some populations. However, the reasons why chronic HCV infection is prevalent in DM remain unknown. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in a population of Nigerian diabetics compared with the general population as well as assess the influence of sex and age on HCV infection in the same diabetic population. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 115 diabetic patients were compared with 2,301 blood donors matched by recognized risk factors to acquire HCV infection. Serologic testing for anti HCV was done using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS Sixty (60) type 2 diabetic patients were males while fifty-five (55) were females. Their mean age was 55.4 +/- 9 years and mean blood glucose level was 8.5mmol/l. One subject tested positive for HCV infection. The control group consisted of 2,031 adults recruited from the blood donor's clinic. Forty five of them (2.2%) tested positive for HCV. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggest a low sero-prevalence of HCV infection among our patients with type 2 diabetes. Presently, routine screening for HCV infection in persons with diabetes may not be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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