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Kelly DM, Pinheiro AA, Koini M, Anderson CD, Aparicio H, Hofer E, Kern D, Blacker D, DeCarli C, Hwang SJ, Viswanathan A, Gonzales MM, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Schmidt R, Demissie S, Romero JR. Impaired Kidney Function, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Cognitive Disorders: The Framingham Heart Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024:gfae079. [PMID: 38565317 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS It remains unclear if the relation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cognitive dysfunction is independent of blood pressure (BP). We evaluated kidney function in relation to premorbid BP measurements, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Framingham Offspring Cohort participants. METHODS We included Framingham Offspring participants free of dementia, attending an examination during midlife (exam cycle 6, baseline) for ascertainment of kidney function status, with brain MRI late in life (exam cycles 7-9), cognitive outcome data and available interim hypertension and blood pressure assessments. We related CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) and albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g) to CSVD markers and cognitive outcomes using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS Among 2604 participants (mean age 67.4 ± 9.2, 64% women, 7% had CKD and 9% albuminuria), albuminuria was independently associated with covert infarcts (adjusted OR, 1.55 [1.00-2.38]; P = 0.049) and incident MCI and dementia (adjusted HR, 1.68 [1.18-2.41]; P = 0.005 and 1.71, [1.11-2.64]; P = 0.015, respectively). CKD was not associated with CSVD markers but was associated with higher risk of incident dementia (HR, 1.53 [1.02-2.29]; P = 0.041), While albuminuria was predictive of the Alzheimer's disease subtype (Adjusted HR = 1.68, [1.03-2.74]; P = 0.04), CKD was predictive of vascular dementia (Adjusted HR, 2.78, [1.16-6.68]; P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Kidney disease was associated with CSVD and cognitive disorders in asymptomatic community dwelling participants. The relation was independent of premorbid BP, suggesting that the link between kidney and brain disease may involve additional mechanisms beyond blood pressure related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dearbhla M Kelly
- J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adlin A Pinheiro
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo Aparicio
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Kern
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Anand Viswanathan
- J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzi M Gonzales
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- The Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Jose R Romero
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Baril AA, Pinheiro AA, Himali JJ, Beiser A, Sanchez E, Pase MP, Seshadri S, Demissie S, Romero JR. Lighter sleep is associated with higher enlarged perivascular spaces burden in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Sleep Med 2022; 100:558-564. [PMID: 36308914 PMCID: PMC9815141 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While healthy sleep is suggested to promote glymphatic clearance in the brain, poorer sleep may be associated with higher enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) burden, potentially representing impaired perivascular drainage. This study aims to evaluate the association between ePVS burden and polysomnographic sleep characteristics in a large community-based sample. METHODS 552 dementia and stroke-free Framingham Heart Study participants (age: 58.6 ± 8.9 years; 50.4% men) underwent a full-night in-home polysomnography. Three years later on average, participants underwent a brain MRI. ePVS were rated in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale, and dichotomized as low burden (<20 counts, grades 1 and 2) or high burden (>20 counts, grades 3 and 4). Logistic regression analyses relating sleep variables to subsequent ePVS burden were used, adjusted for age, sex, time interval between polysomnography and MRI, ApoE ε4 allele carrier status, hypertension, and smoking. RESULTS Longer N1 sleep and shorter N3 sleep duration were associated with higher ePVS burden in the centrum semiovale. When stratifying these associations by subpopulations, longer N1 sleep duration with ePVS burden was observed especially in older individuals and hypertensive participants. Associations between ePVS burden and other sleep characteristics such as total sleep time and REM sleep duration varied according to ApoE ε4 allele carrier status. CONCLUSIONS Lighter sleep, as characterized by longer N1 sleep and shorter slow-wave sleep, is associated with higher ePVS burden. These findings suggest that sleep architecture may be involved in glymphatic clearance and cerebral small vessel disease, which could be an important biological link between sleep and dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Ann Baril
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adlin A Pinheiro
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Erlan Sanchez
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew P Pase
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Serkalem Demissie
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jose R Romero
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
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Barros FS, De Menezes LF, Pinheiro AA, Silva EF, Lopes AH, De Souza W, Meyer-Fernandes JR. Ectonucleotide diphosphohydrolase activities in Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 375:304-14. [PMID: 10700386 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the ability of living cells of Entamoeba histolytica to hydrolyze extracellular ATP. In these intact parasites, whose viability was determined by motility and by the eosin method, ATP hydrolysis was low in the absence of any divalent metal (78 nmol P(i)/h/10(5) cells). Interestingly, in the presence of 5 mM MgCl(2) an ecto-ATPase activity of 300 nmol P(i)/h/10(5) cells was observed. The addition of MgCl(2) to the extracellular medium increased the ecto-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. At 5 mM ATP, half-maximal stimulation of ATP hydrolysis was obtained with 1.23 mM MgCl(2). Both activities were linear with cell density and with time for at least 1 h. The ecto-ATPase activity was also stimulated by MnCl(2) and CaCl(2) but not by SrCl(2), ZnCl(2), or FeCl(3). In fact, FeCl(3) inhibited both Mg(2+)-dependent and Mg(2+)-independent ecto-ATPase activities. The Mg(2+)-independent ATPase activity was unaffected by pH in the range between 6.4 and 8. 4, in which the cells were viable. However, the Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase activity was enhanced concomitantly with the increase in pH. In order to discard the possibility that the ATP hydrolysis observed was due to phosphatase or 5'-nucleotidase activities, several inhibitors for these enzymes were tested. Sodium orthovanadate, sodium fluoride, levamizole, and ammonium molybdate had no effect on the ATPase activities. In the absence of Mg(2+) (basal activity), the apparent K(m) for ATP(4-) was 0.053 +/- 0.008 mM, whereas at saturating MgCl(2) concentrations, the corresponding apparent K(m) for Mg-ATP(2-) for Mg(2+)-dependent ecto-ATPase activity (difference between total and basal ecto-ATPase activity) was 0.503 mM +/- 0.062. Both ecto-ATPase activities were highly specific for ATP and were also able to hydrolyze ADP less efficiently. To identify the observed hydrolytic activities as those of an ecto-ATPase, we used suramin, a competitive antagonist of P(2) purinoreceptors and an inhibitor of some ecto-ATPases, as well as the impermeant agent 4'-4'-diisothiocyanostylbenzene-2'-2'-disulfonic acid. These two reagents inhibited the Mg(2+)-independent and the Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase activities to different extents, and the inhibition by both agents was prevented by ATP. A comparison among the ecto-ATPase activities of three amoeba species showed that the noninvasive E. histolytica and the free-living E. moshkovskii were less efficient than the pathogenic E. histolytica in hydrolyzing ATP. As E. histolytica is known to have a galactose-specific lectin on its surface, which is related to the pathogenesis of amebiasis, galactose was tested for an effect on ecto-ATPase activities. It stimulated the Mg(2+)-dependent ecto-ATPase but not the Mg(2+)-independent ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco H, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundã
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Pinheiro AA, Pozzobon MT, do Valle CB, Penteado MIO, Carneiro VTC. Duplication of the chromosome number of diploid Brachiaria brizantha plants using colchicine. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:274-278. [PMID: 30754907 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some species of Brachiaria, generally tetraploid apomictic varieties, have become important forage grasses in the tropics. Breeding of Brachiaria depends on compatibility with the available apomitic tretraploid cultivars. This paper describes a procedure for chromosome duplication of two Bracharia brizantha diploid sexual accessions, using colchicine treatment of basal segments of in-vitro-grown plants. Explants were cultured on a medium containing 1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid, 3 mg/l kinetin and 0.01% colchicine for 48 h and transferred to the same medium without colchicine until shoot regeneration occurred. Regenerated plants were screened by flow cytometry, and chromosome number duplication was confirmed by cytological analysis of root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pinheiro
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, SAIN Parque Rural, Brasília, DF, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - M T Pozzobon
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, SAIN Parque Rural, Brasília, DF, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - C B do Valle
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte, CNPGC/DMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - M I O Penteado
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte, CNPGC/DMBRAPA, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - V T C Carneiro
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, SAIN Parque Rural, Brasília, DF, Brazil, , , , , , BR
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