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Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Szabó A, Fehér D, Dembińska K, Brzezinska MS. Characterization of bacterial biofilms developed on the biodegradable polylactide and polycaprolactone polymers containing birch tar in an aquatic environment. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115922. [PMID: 38157832 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Birch tar was added to polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) to create films with antimicrobial properties. After incubating the films for seven days in lake water, the diversity of bacterial communities developed on the surfaces of PCL and PLA with embedded birch tar (1 %, 5 %, and 10 %, w/w) was assessed with amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on a MiSeq platform (Illumina). Notably, Aquabacterium and Caulobacter were more abundant at the surface of PCL compared to PLA (13.4 % vs 0.2 %, p < 0.001 and 9.5 % vs 0.2 %, p < 0.001, respectively) while Hydrogenophaga was significantly more abundant at the surface of PLA compared to PCL (6.1 % vs 1.8 %, p < 0.01). Overall, lower birch tar concentrations (1 % and 5 % on both polymers) stimulated bacterial diversity in biofilms compared to the control. The number of reeds assigned to Flavobacterium and Aquabacterium showed a rising trend with the increase of birch tar concentration on the surface of both polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabó
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dóra Fehér
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Brzezinska MS. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Peribacillus frigoritolerans 2RO30 and Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45 for their effect on canola growth under controlled as well as natural conditions. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1233237. [PMID: 38259930 PMCID: PMC10800854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1233237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Even though canola is one of the most important industrial crops worldwide, it has high nutrient requirements and is susceptible to pests and diseases. Therefore, natural methods are sought to support the development of these plants. One of those methods could be a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have a beneficial effect on plant development. The aim of this study was a genomic comparison of two PGPR strains chosen based on their effect on canola growth: Peribacillus frigoritolerans 2RO30, which stimulated canola growth only in sterile conditions, and Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45, which promoted canola growth in both sterile and non-sterile conditions. First of all, six bacterial strains: RO33 (Pseudomonas sp.), RO37 (Pseudomonas poae), RO45 (Pseudomonas kairouanensis), 2RO30 (Peribacillus frigoritolerans), 2RO45 (Pseudomonas sivasensis), and 3RO30 (Pseudomonas migulae), demonstrating best PGP traits in vitro, were studied for their stimulating effect on canola growth under sterile conditions. P. frigoritolerans 2RO30 and P. sivasensis 2RO45 showed the best promoting effect, significantly improving chlorophyll content index (CCI) and roots length compared to the non-inoculated control and to other inoculated seedlings. Under non-sterile conditions, only P. sivasensis 2RO45 promoted the canola growth, significantly increasing CCI compared to the untreated control and to other inoculants. Genome comparison revealed that the genome of P. sivasensis 2RO45 was enriched with additional genes responsible for ACC deaminase (acdA), IAA (trpF, trpG), and siderophores production (fbpA, mbtH, and acrB) compared to 2RO30. Moreover, P. sivasensis 2RO45 showed antifungal effect against all the tested phytopathogens and harbored six more biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC), namely, syringomycin, pyoverdin, viscosin, arylpolyene, lankacidin C, and enterobactin, than P. frigoritolerans 2RO30. These BGCs are well known as antifungal agents; therefore, it can be assumed that these BGCs were responsible for the antifungal activity of P. sivasensis 2RO45 against all plant pathogens. This study is the first report describing P. sivasensis 2RO45 as a canola growth promoter, both under controlled and natural conditions, thus suggesting its application in improving canola yield, by improving nutrient availability, enhancing stress tolerance, and reducing environmental impact of farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Akhtar HMS, Ahmed S, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Gierszewska M, Brzezinska MS, Dembińska K, Kalwasińska A. Carboxymethyl cellulose based films enriched with polysaccharides from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) as new biodegradable packaging material. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127633. [PMID: 37879581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the properties of a new active packaging film developed by the addition of mulberry leaves polysaccharides (MLP) into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Biodegradable CMC-MLP films were fabricated by casting method with various concentrations of MLP (1, 5 and 10 % w/w). The addition of MLP into the CMC matrix resulted increased thickness (0.126 to 0.163 mm) and roughness of the films. Also, the decline in moisture content from 27.91 to 14.12 %, water vapor permeability from 8.95 to 5.21 × 10-10 g-1 s-1 Pa-1, and a swelling degree from 59.11 to 37.45 % were observed. With the increasing concentration of MLP, the mechanical properties of the films were improved and higher dispersion of UV light were noted. Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction revealed good inter-molecular interaction between CMC matrix and MLP. The prepared films showed excellent thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties as well as susceptibility to biodegradation in the soil environment. Moreover, it was proved that the films have ability to retard oil oxidation. Overall, it was concluded that CMC-MLP films constitute a promising biomaterial that may be applied as active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical and Polymer Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Department of Physical and Polymer Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
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Kalwasińska A, Hulisz P, Szabó A, Binod Kumar S, Michalski A, Solarczyk A, Wojciechowska A, Piernik A. Technogenic soil salinisation, vegetation, and management shape microbial abundance, diversity, and activity. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167380. [PMID: 37774878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome in the functioning of degraded lands in industrialised zones is significant. However, little is known about how environmental parameters affect microbial abundance, structure, diversity, and especially specific guilds involved in the nitrogen cycle in saline soils influenced by the soda industry. To address this knowledge gap, our research focused on assessing the microbiota in relation to soil properties and plant species composition across two transects representing different types of land use: saline wasteland and arable fields. Our findings show that the microbial communities were the most affected not only by soil salinity but also by pH and the composition of plant species. Taxonomic variability was the most shaped by salinity together with management type and CaCO3 content. The impact of salinity on the soil microbiome was manifested in a reduced abundance of bacteria and fungi, a lower number of observed phylotypes, reduced modularity, and a lower abundance of the nitrifying guild. Denitrification and nitrogen fixation were less affected by salinity. The last process was correlated with calcium carbonate. CaCO3 was also associated with microbial taxonomic variability and the overall microbial activity caused by hydrolases, which could aid organic matter turnover in saline but carbonate-rich sites. Bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Peanibacillus, and Rhodomicrobium, in addition to fungal taxa such as Cadophora, Mortierella globalpina, Preussia flanaganii, and Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium, show potential as favourable candidates for possible bioremediation initiatives. These results can be applied to future land reclamation projects. FUNDING INFORMATION: This research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Piotr Hulisz
- Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, 1113 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sweta Binod Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Laboratory for Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Solarczyk
- Laboratory for Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Wojciechowska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Richert A, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Malinowski R, Kalwasińska A, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Polycaprolactone-Based Films Incorporated with Birch Tar-Thermal, Physicochemical, Antibacterial, and Biodegradable Properties. Foods 2023; 12:4244. [PMID: 38231687 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We present new polymer materials consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and birch tar (D). PEG was introduced into the polymer matrix in order to obtain a plasticizing effect, while tar was added to obtain antibacterial properties and to change the physicochemical properties of the film. The materials were obtained by the solvent method and characterized using a variety of methods to test their performance and susceptibility to biodegradation. The obtained data indicate that the introduction of the bioactive substance (D) into PCL improved the thermal stability and significantly lowered the Young's modulus values of the tested polymers. Moreover, the addition of birch tar improved the barrier and bacteriostatic properties, resulting in a reduction in the growth of pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the film. The films are not mutagenic but are susceptible to biodegradation in various environments. Due to their properties, they have potential for application in agriculture and horticulture and for packaging food, mainly vegetables grown in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemistry of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarin 7 Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Rafał Malinowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 55 M. Skłodowska-Curie Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Dąbrowska GB, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Dembińska K, Richert A, Pejchalová M, Kumar SB, Kalwasińska A. Application Potential of Trichoderma in the Degradation of Phenolic Acid-Modified Chitosan. Foods 2023; 12:3669. [PMID: 37835322 PMCID: PMC10572696 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the potential use of fungi of the genus Trichoderma for the degradation of phenolic acid-modified chitosan in compost. At the same time, the enzymatic activity in the compost was checked after the application of a preparation containing a suspension of the fungi Trichoderma (spores concentration 105/mL). The Trichoderma strains were characterized by high lipase and aminopeptidase activity, chitinase, and β-1,3-glucanases. T. atroviride TN1 and T. citrinoviride TN3 metabolized the modified chitosan films best. Biodegradation of modified chitosan films by native microorganisms in the compost was significantly less effective than after the application of a formulation composed of Trichoderma TN1 and TN3. Bioaugmentation with a Trichoderma preparation had a significant effect on the activity of all enzymes in the compost. The highest oxygen consumption in the presence of chitosan with tannic acid film was found after the application of the consortium of these strains (861 mg O2/kg after 21 days of incubation). Similarly, chitosan with gallic acid and chitosan with ferulic acid were found after the application of the consortium of these strains (849 mgO2/kg and 725 mg O2/kg after 21 days of incubation). The use of the Trichoderma consortium significantly increased the chitinase activity. The application of Trichoderma also offers many possibilities in sustainable agriculture. Trichoderma can not only degrade chitosan films, but also protect plants against fungal pathogens by synthesizing chitinases and β-1,3 glucanases with antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (G.B.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (G.B.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Sudentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Sweta Binod Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.M.-S.); (K.D.); (S.B.K.); (A.K.)
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Szabó A, Brzezinska MS. The effect of seed bacterization with Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5 on bacterial and fungal communities in the canola rhizosphere. Microbiol Res 2023; 275:127448. [PMID: 37453237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. is one of the best-studied plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). However, more detailed studies targeting its effect on the rhizosphere microbial community are required for improving management practices regarding its commercial application in the field. Our earlier study showed that PGPR Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5 stimulated canola growth. Hence, this study aimed to assess the time-course impact of B. paralicheniformis 2R5 on bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity. The results showed that inoculation with B. paralicheniformis 2R5 initially significantly decreased the observed bacterial richness compared to the control, while after 44 days of treatment this alpha diversity metrics increased. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that B. paralicheniformis 2R5 altered the soil bacterial and fungal community structure by increasing the abundance of plants' beneficial microorganisms such as Nitrospira, Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, Massilia, Terrimonas as well as Solicoccozyma, Schizothecium, Cyphellophora, Fusicolla, Humicola. B. paralicheniformis 2R5 seems to be a promising alternative to chemical pesticides and can be considered for practical application in the field. Its ability to alter the rhizosphere microbiome by increasing the diversity and composition of bacterial communities and increasing plants' beneficial groups of fungi, appears to be important in terms of improving canola development. However, further studies on these increased microbial taxa are necessary to confirm their function in promoting canola growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5 and its impact on canola growth and N-cycle genes in the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad093. [PMID: 37573138 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical fertilization has a negative impact on the natural environment. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobacterial biofertilizers can be a safer alternative to synthetic agrochemicals. In this research, a culture-based method was used to assess the population size of rhizobacteria at the vegetative, flowering, and maturity stages of canola. Rhizobacteria were then isolated from each of the canola growth stages, and their seven PGP traits were determined. The highest abundance of culturable bacteria was found at the vegetative stage of the plants. Furthermore, four out of seven PGP traits were produced by the highest % of isolates at the vegetative stage. In the greenhouse experiment that included six rhizobacterial strains with best PGP traits, the greatest canola growth promotion ability under sterile conditions was observed after the introduction of Bacillus paralicheniformis 2R5. Moreover, under nonsterile conditions, 2R5 significantly increased canola growth. The presence of the trpA, B, C, D, E, F and pstA, and S genes in the 2R5 genome could be associated with canola growth promotion abilities. The chiA and mbtH genes could contribute to 2R5 antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Moreover, the introduction of 2R5 significantly increased the abundance of the narG, nosZ, nifH, and nirS genes, which can prove that the 2R5 strain may be an important member of the soil bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Sajnaga E, Socała K, Kalwasińska A, Wlaź P, Waśko A, Jach ME, Tomczyk M, Wiater A. Response of murine gut microbiota to a prebiotic based on oligosaccharides derived via hydrolysis of fungal α-(1→3)-d-glucan: Preclinical trial study on mice. Food Chem 2023; 417:135928. [PMID: 36933426 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the modulating effect of α-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharides (GOS), i.e. a product of fungal α-(1→3)-d-glucan hydrolysis, on the gut microbiota composition. Mice were fed with a GOS-supplemented diet and two control diets for 21 days, and fecal samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3-week time points. The bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. The gut microbiota of the GOS-supplemented mice showed profound time-dependent changes in the taxonomic composition; however, we did not observe significant changes in α-diversity indices. The biggest number of genus abundance shifts after 1 week of the treatment was noticed between the group of the GOS-supplemented mice and the controls; however, the differences were still relevant after the 3-week treatment. The GOS-supplemented mice displayed higher abundance of Prevotella spp., with a concomitant decrease in the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. Hence, GOS seems to be a promising candidate for a new prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sajnaga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Jankiewicz U, Brzezinska MS. Effect of birch tar embedded in polylactide on its biodegradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124226. [PMID: 36996957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The plasticized film was made of polylactide and birch tar, which was used in a concentration of 1, 5 and 10 % by weight. Tar was added to the polymer to obtain materials with antimicrobial properties. The main purpose of this work is to characterize and biodegradation of this film after the end of its use. Therefore, the following analyzes were performed: enzymatic activity of microorganisms in the presence of polylactide (PLA) film containing birch tar (BT), biodegradation process in compost, barrier changes and structural properties of the film before and after biodegradation and bioaugmentation. Biological oxygen demand BOD21, water vapor permeability (Pv), oxygen permeability (Po), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and enzymatic activity of microorganisms were assessed. Microorganism strains Bacillus toyonensis AK2 and Bacillus albus AK3 were isolated and identified, which constituted an effective consortium increasing the susceptibility of polylactide polymer material with tar to biodegradation in compost. Analyses with the use of the above-mentioned strains had an impact on the change of physicochemical properties, e.g. the presence of biofilm on the surface of the analyzed films and the reduction of the barrier properties of the film, which translates into the recorded susceptibility to biodegradation of these materials. The analyzed films can be used in the packaging industry, and after use, subjected to intentional biodegradation processes, including bioaugmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Wojciechowska A, Brzezinska MS. Physiological properties and genomic insights into the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus K75 isolated from maize rhizosphere. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1432-1441. [PMID: 36181696 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When looking for a safer alternative to pesticides that are potentially harmful to living organisms, one of the directions worth looking at are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The purpose of the research was a comprehensive characterization of Brevibacillus laterosporus K75, a strain isolated from maize rhizosphere. Many studies have proved B. laterosporus to be a biocontrol agent; however, little is known about B. laterosporus as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. RESULTS Ninety strains were screened for plant growth-promoting activities. Four strains with the best plant growth-promoting traits (Rhodococcus qingshengii K8, Bacillus subtilis subsp. stercoris K73, Brevibacillus laterosporus K75, and Brevibacillus laterosporus K89) were used to research their effect on maize growth. Under sterile conditions, B. laterosporus K75 showed the best stimulatory effect, significantly improving the weight of roots, shoots and leaves, and considerably increasing content of chlorophyll. In unsterilized soil, B. laterosporus K75 significantly improved length of roots and weight of leaves compared to the K73, K89, and untreated control. Moreover, B. laterosporus K75 significantly increased specific leaf area compared to the untreated control and to other inoculant treatments. The genome of B. laterosporus K75 was compared to the recently published B. laterosporus MG64. Genome-mining displayed differences in identified plant growth-promoting genes and biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites. The B. laterosporus K75 genome possessed additional genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization that could be attributed to its ability to enhance maize growth. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that B. laterosporus K75 is a promising candidate for use in inoculant formulation, effectively facilitating maize growth. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Wojciechowska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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12
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Świątczak J, Kalwasińska A, Szabó A, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45 inoculation alters the taxonomic structure and functioning of the canola rhizosphere microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168907. [PMID: 37213523 PMCID: PMC10196004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an eco-friendly sustainable strategy for improving crop productivity in diverse environments under different conditions. Our earlier study demonstrated that Pseudomonas sivasensis 2RO45 significantly stimulated canola (Brassica napus L. var. napus) growth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural and functional dynamics in the canola rhizosphere microbiome after inoculation with PGPR P. sivasensis 2RO45. The results based on alpha diversity metrics showed that P. sivasensis 2RO45 did not significantly alter the diversity of the native soil microbiota. However, the introduced strain modified the taxonomic structure of microbial communities, increasing the abundance of plant beneficial microorganisms, e.g., bacteria affiliated with families Comamonadaceae, Vicinamibacteraceae, genus Streptomyces, and fungi assigned to Nectriaceae, Didymellaceae, Exophiala, Cyphellophora vermispora, and Mortierella minutissima. The analysis of community level physiological profiling (CLPP) revealed that microbial communities in the P. sivasensis 2RO45 treated canola rhizospheres were more metabolically active than those in the non-treated canola rhizosphere. Four carbon sources (phenols, polymers, carboxylic acids, and amino acids) were better metabolized by the microbial communities from the rhizosphere of plants inoculated with the P. sivasensis 2RO45 than non-inoculated canola rhizospheres. Based on the community-level physiological profiles, the functional diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome was altered by the P. sivasensis 2RO45 inoculation. Substrate utilization Shannon diversity (H) index and evenness (E) index were significantly increased in the treated canola plants. The study provides new insight into PGPR-canola interactions for sustainable agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna Świątczak,
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska,
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Świątczak J, Wojciechowska A, Burkowska-But A, Kalwasińska A. Consortium of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhances oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) growth under normal and saline conditions. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:393. [PMID: 35704071 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A preparation development, which stimulates plant growth under normal and saline conditions, and protects against fungal infections, would increase crop yields and reduce damage in agriculture. This study was conducted using bacterial isolates from rape rhizosphere as a plant growth promoter and an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Three from fifty bacterial isolates: B14 (Pseudomonas sp.), B16 (Sphingobacterium sp.), and B19 (Microbacterium sp.) showed the best in vitro plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. B14 strain had the best antifungal activity against phytopathogens inhibiting growth of B. cinerea, C. acutatum, and P. lingam. Moreover, B14, B16 and B19 isolates coded for several genes involved in PGP activities, aimed at improving nutrient availability, resistance to abiotic stress, and fungal pathogen suppression. Microbial consortium (B14, B16, and B19) had the best effect on rape growth, significantly increasing number of live leaves, compared to the untreated control and single inoculant treatments. Moreover, the consortium induced significant increase in shoots length and chlorophyll content in comparison to Pseudomonas sp. B14 and Microbacterium sp. B19. The consortium also induced plants tolerance to salt stress. The genomic information as well as the observed traits, and beneficial attributes towards rape, make the rhizobacterial consortium an ideal candidate for further development as biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87100, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Wojciechowska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100, Torun, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87100, Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87100, Torun, Poland
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Sajnaga E, Skowronek M, Kalwasińska A, Kazimierczak W, Lis M, Jach ME, Wiater A. Comparative Nanopore Sequencing-Based Evaluation of the Midgut Microbiota of the Summer Chafer ( Amphimallon solstitiale L.) Associated with Possible Resistance to Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19063480. [PMID: 35329164 PMCID: PMC8950650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Root-feeding Amphimallon solstitiale larvae and certain other scarab beetles are the main soil-dwelling pests found in Europe, while entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) have been used as a biocontrol agent against these species. Our study provides the first detailed characterization of the bacterial community of the midgut in wild A. solstitiale larvae, based on the nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In the whole dataset, we detected 2586 different genera and 11,641 species, with only 83 diverse bacterial genera shared by all studied individuals, which may represent members of the core midgut microbiota of A. solstitiale larvae. Subsequently, we compared the midgut microbiota of EPN-resistant and T0 (prior to EPN exposure) individuals, hypothesizing that resistance to this parasitic infection may be linked to the altered gut community. Compared to the control, the resistant insect microbiota demonstrated lower Shannon and Evenness indices and significant differences in the community structure. Our studies confirmed that the gut microbiota alternation is associated with resistant insects; however, there are many processes involved that can affect the bacterial community. Further research on the role of gut microbiota in insect-parasitic nematode interaction may ultimately lead to the improvement of biological control strategies in insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sajnaga
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Production, and Application of EPN, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (W.K.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcin Skowronek
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Production, and Application of EPN, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (W.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Kazimierczak
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Production, and Application of EPN, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (W.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Production, and Application of EPN, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (W.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Brzezinska MS, Dąbrowska GB. Biodegradability of Novel Polylactide and Polycaprolactone Materials with Bacteriostatic Properties Due to Embedded Birch Tar in Different Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10228. [PMID: 34638570 PMCID: PMC8508706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial biodegradation of new PLA and PCL materials containing birch tar (1-10% v/v) was investigated. Product of dry distillation of birch bark (Betula pendula Roth) was added to polymeric materials to obtain films with antimicrobial properties. The subject of the study was the course of enzymatic degradation of a biodegradable polymer with antibacterial properties. The results show that the type of the material, tar concentration, and the environment influenced the hydrolytic activity of potential biofilm degraders. In the presence of PCL films, the enzyme activities were higher (except for α-D-glucosidase) compared to PLA films. The highest concentration of birch tar (10% v/v) decreased the activity of hydrolases produced by microorganisms to the most significant extent; however, SEM analysis showed the presence of a biofilm even on plastics with the highest tar content. Based on the results of the biological oxygen demand (BOD), the new materials can be classified as biodegradable but, the biodegradation process was less efficient when compared to plastics without the addition of birch tar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (A.K.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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Swiontek Brzezinka M, Richert A, Kalwasińska A, Świątczak J, Deja-Sikora E, Walczak M, Michalska-Sionkowska M, Piekarska K, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B. Microbial degradation of polyhydroxybutyrate with embedded polyhexamethylene guanidine derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:309-318. [PMID: 34310995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate biofilm-forming bacteria that are capable of degrading polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) derivatives. The three types of derivatives incorporated in PHB and their concentration affected the biodegradability of the tested films in both water and compost. The PHMG derivative granular polyethylene wax at the highest concentration significantly inhibited BOD in both environments. At the same time, in water, PHB with PHMG stearate at 1% concentration was also found to inhibit biodegradation but to a lesser extent than PHMG polyethylene wax granulate. Analyzing the values of biofilm abundance and their hydrolytic activity in water, low concentrations of PHMG derivatives (0.2 and 0.6%) slightly inhibited biofilm abundance on the surface of the tested composites. Only granular polyethylene wax PHMG (at 1% concentration) significantly reduced biofilm formation and hydrolase activity in the compost to the greatest extent. Bacteria from biofilm were isolated and identified. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strains belong to Bacillus toyonensis HW1 and Variovorax boronicumulans HK3. Introduction of the tested isolates to the environment can enhance composites degradation. However, this requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinka
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska-Sionkowska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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17
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kalwasińska A, Świątczak J, Żero K, Jankiewicz U. Exploring the properties of chitinolytic Bacillus isolates for the pathogens biological control. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104462. [PMID: 32835774 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant fungal diseases generate serious losses in the agriculture. The bacteria producing biologically active substances that inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens can be an alternative to the chemicals. The chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their physiological properties which may be useful in the promotion of plant growth have been investigated. Their chitinases and antifungal activity were studied. The isolates were also tested for indirect growth-promoting traits such as ammonia production, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide production, and salicylic acid production. Two chitinolytic strains B3 and B5 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp., respectively. They produced active chitinases on a medium containing shrimp shell powder. The purified chitinases having the molecular weight of 35-45 kDa inhibited the growth of important plant pathogens such as Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, the isolates showed the ability to produce a broad range of biological substances promoting the growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Klaudia Żero
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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18
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Walczak M, Kalwasińska A, Richert A, Świątczak J, Deja-Sikora E, Burkowska-But A. Biofilm formation during biodegradation of polylactide, poly (3,4 hydroxybutyrate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) in activated sludge. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:539-546. [PMID: 32442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable materials, namely pure polylactide (PLA), poly (3,4-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were investigated to assess their degradability by activated sludge. The study aimed at the isolation of biofilm-forming bacteria and the determination of their hydrolytic activity toward the PLA, PHB, and PCL with embedded PHMG derivatives. The biological oxygen demand and physical properties (tensile strength, water vapor permeability, surface structure) of materials indicated that PCL was the best biodegradable film. Aeromonas and Rhodococcus isolated from the polymers' surface during the process of decomposition showed the ability to form biofilms. The introduction of PHMG derivatives into PLA, PCL, and PHB films did not affect biofilm formation and hydrolase activity for most of the isolates. PHMG derivatives at the concentration of 1% disturbed the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Richert
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 11, 87 100 Torun, Poland
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Deja-Sikora E, Gołębiewski M, Kalwasińska A, Krawiec A, Kosobucki P, Walczak M. Comamonadaceae OTU as a Remnant of an Ancient Microbial Community in Sulfidic Waters. Microb Ecol 2019; 78:85-101. [PMID: 30341500 PMCID: PMC6560000 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intraterrestrial waters harbor microbial communities being extensively studied to understand microbial processes underlying subsurface ecosystem functioning. This paper provides the results of an investigation on the microbiomes of unique, subsurface sulfidic waters associated with Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Miocene sediments. We used high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to reveal the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities in water samples differing in sulfide content (20-960 mg/dm3), salinity (1.3-3.2%), and depth of extraction (60-660 m below ground level). Composition of the bacterial communities strongly varied across the samples; however, the bacteria participating in the sulfur cycle were common in all sulfidic waters. The shallowest borehole water (60 m bgl) was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Epsilonproteobacteria (Sulfurimonas, Sulfurovum). In the waters collected from greater depths (148-300 m bgl), the prevalence of Betaproteobacteria (Comamonadaceae) and sulfate/sulfur-reducing Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfopila, Desulfomicrobium, MSBL7) was observed. Sulfate reducers (members of Clostridia: Candidatus Desulforudis) were the most abundant bacteria in the deepest borehole water (660 m bgl). Out of 850 bacterial OTUs, only one, affiliated with the Comamonadaceae family, was found abundant (> 1% of total bacterial sequences) in all samples. Contribution of Archaea to the whole microbial communities was lower than 0.5%. Archaeal communities did not differ across the samples and they consisted of Halobacteriaceae. Out of 372 archaeal OTUs, five, belonging to the four genera Natronomonas, Halorubrum, Halobellus, and Halorhabdus, were the most numerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Krawiec
- Department of Geology and Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kosobucki
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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Kalwasińska A, Jankiewicz U, Felföldi T, Burkowska-But A, Brzezinska MS. Alkaline and Halophilic Protease Production by Bacillus luteus H11 and Its Potential Industrial Applications. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 56:553-561. [PMID: 30923452 PMCID: PMC6399708 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the study on the production of protease by Bacillus luteus H11 isolated from an alkaline soda lime. B. luteus H11 was identified as an alkalohalophilic bacterium, and its extracellular serine endoprotease also showed an extreme alkali- and halotolerance. It was remarkably stable in the presence of NaCl up to 5 M. The enzyme was active in a broad range of pH values and temperatures, with an optimum pH of 10.5 and a temperature of 45 °C. It had a molecular mass of about 37 kDa and showed activity against azocasein and a synthetic substrate for the subtilisin-like protease, N-succinyl-l-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. The halo-alkaline protease produced by B. luteus H11 seems to be significant from an industrial perspective because of its tolerance towards high salinity and alkalinity as well as its stability against some organic solvents, surfactants and oxidants. These properties make the protease suitable for applications in food, detergent and pharmaceutical industries, and also in environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, PL-02787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, HU-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87100 Toruń, Poland
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Kalwasińska A, Deja-Sikora E, Szabó A, Felföldi T, Kosobucki P, Brzezinska MS, Walczak M. Salino-alkaline lime of anthropogenic origin a reservoir of diverse microbial communities. Sci Total Environ 2019; 655:842-854. [PMID: 30481711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents study on the microbiome of a unique extreme environment - saline and alkaline lime, a by-product of soda ash and table salt production in Janikowo, central Poland. High-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to reveal the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities in the lime samples, taken from repository ponds differing in salinity (2.3-25.5% NaCl). Surprisingly abundant and diverse bacterial communities were discovered in this extreme environment. The most important geochemical drivers of the observed microbial diversity were salinity, calcium ions, nutrients, and water content. The bacterial and archaeal communities in saline, alkaline lime were similar to those found in natural haloalkaline environments. Although the archaeal contribution to the whole microbial community was lower than 4%, the four archaeal genera Natronomonas, Halorubrum, Halobellus, and Halapricum constituted the core microbiome of saline, alkaline lime - a set of OTUs (> 0.1% of total archaeal relative abundance) present in all samples under study. The high proportion of novel, unclassified archaeal and bacterial sequences (not identified at 97% similarity level) in the 16S rRNA gene libraries indicated that potentially new genera, especially within the class of Thermoplasmata inhabit this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, PázmányPéterstny. 1/c. H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, PázmányPéterstny. 1/c. H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Przemysław Kosobucki
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Szabó A, Deja-Sikora E, Kosobucki P, Walczak M. Microbial communities associated with the anthropogenic, highly alkaline environment of a saline soda lime, Poland. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:945-962. [PMID: 28382378 PMCID: PMC5486852 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Soda lime is a by-product of the Solvay soda process for the production of sodium carbonate from limestone and sodium chloride. Due to a high salt concentration and alkaline pH, the lime is considered as a potential habitat of haloalkaliphilic and haloalkalitolerant microbial communities. This artificial and unique environment is nutrient-poor and devoid of vegetation, due in part to semi-arid, saline and alkaline conditions. Samples taken from the surface layer of the lime and from the depth of 2 m (both having pH ~11 and ECe up to 423 dS m−1) were investigated using culture-based (culturing on alkaline medium) and culture-independent microbiological approaches (microscopic analyses and pyrosequencing). A surprisingly diverse bacterial community was discovered in this highly saline, alkaline and nutrient-poor environment, with the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria (representing 52.8% of the total bacterial community) and Firmicutes (16.6%) showing dominance. Compared to the surface layer, higher bacterial abundance and diversity values were detected in the deep zone, where more stable environmental conditions may occur. The surface layer was dominated by members of the genera Phenylobacterium, Chelativorans and Skermanella, while in the interior layer the genus Fictibacillus was dominant. The culturable aerobic, haloalkaliphilic bacteria strains isolated in this study belonged mostly to the genus Bacillus and were closely related to the species Bacillus pseudofirmus, B. cereus, B. plakortidis, B. thuringensis and B. pumilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edyta Deja-Sikora
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kosobucki
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Burkowska-But A, Kalwasińska A, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation in household-stored groundwater collected from public wells. J Water Health 2015; 13:353-361. [PMID: 26042968 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2014.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The research was aimed at assessing changes in the number of bacteria and evaluating biofilm formation in groundwater collected from public wells, both aspects directly related to the methods of household storage. In the research, water collected from Cretaceous aquifer wells in Toruń (Poland) was stored in a refrigerator and at room temperature. Microbiological parameters of the water were measured immediately after the water collection, and then after 3 and 7 days of storage under specified conditions. The microbiological examination involved determining the number of heterotrophic bacteria capable of growth at 22 and 37 °C, the number of spore-forming bacteria, and the total number of bacteria on membrane filters. The storage may affect water quality to such an extent that the water, which initially met the microbiological criteria for water intended for human consumption, may pose a health risk. The repeated use of the same containers for water storage results in biofilm formation containing live and metabolically active bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Burkowska-But
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicholaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland E-mail:
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicholaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland E-mail:
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicholaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland E-mail:
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Kalwasińska A, Felföldi T, Walczak M, Kosobucki P. Physiology and Molecular Phylogeny of Bacteria Isolated from Alkaline Distillery Lime. Pol J Microbiol 2015; 64:369-77. [PMID: 26999957 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1185236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the research on the number, taxonomic composition, and biochemical properties of bacterial strains isolated from the alkaline Solvay distillery lime, deposited at the repository in Janikowo (central Poland). Fifteen strains out of 17 were facultative alkaliphiles and moderate halophiles, and two were alkalitolerants and moderate halophiles. The number of aerobic bacteria cultured in alkaline lime was approximately 10(5) CFU ml(-1), and the total number of bacteria was 10(7) cells g(-1). According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, nine strains belonged to the genus Bacillus, six to the genus Halomonas, one to the genus Planococcus, and one to the genus Microcella. Strains that hydrolyse starch and protein were the most numerous. Esterase (C4) and esterase lipase (C8) were detected in the majority of bacterial strains. Twelve strains exhibited α-glucosidase activity and nine, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase activity. The present study proves that alkaliphilic bacteria of this type may constitute a source of potentially useful extremozymes.
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Kalwasińska A, Burkowska A. Municipal landfill sites as sources of microorganisms potentially pathogenic to humans. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2013; 15:1078-86. [PMID: 23563361 DOI: 10.1039/c3em30728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present research was aimed at assessing the quality of air and soil on the premises and in the vicinity of the municipal landfill sites in Toruń with regard to the presence of pathogenic bacteria, potentially dangerous to humans. Air samples (the impaction method using a MAS-100 impactor) and soil samples were collected from seven sampling sites including the operating and closed landfill cells, sampling sites located near leachate ponds, and sampling sites located outside the above premises. The research also involved assessing microbial air contamination in three indoor spaces on the premises of the landfill sites. Microbial tests involved the determination of the number of culturable mesophilic, mannitol-positive, and α- and β-hemolytic bacteria in the air, determination of the number of coliform bacteria, spore-forming Clostridium perfringens in soil, and the presence of Salmonella in soil. The results indicate that bioaerosol emitted by this municipal facility is the source of hemolytic bacteria (≤ 300 CFU m(-3) of air), as well as of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis). The highest risk of exposure to biological agents was determined in the sorting facility. Over sixty percent of air samples in this sampling site presented high pollution degree with mesophilic bacteria (500-2000 CFU m(-3) of air) and over one fourth of air samples presented very high pollution degree (>2000 CFU m(-3) of air). Indoor air in other rooms was considered highly/moderately contaminated (100-2000 CFU m(-3) of air). The highest risk related to the presence of Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and coliform bacteria in soil was determined at the operating landfill cell and near the leachate pond of the closed landfill cell. At the operating landfill cell the total coli ranged from 4-1226 MPN g(-1) of dry mass of soil and Clostridium perfringens ranged from <LOD-1604 CFU g(-1) of dry mass of soil. The results question the strategy of municipal landfill sites in densely populated areas, and emphasize the need for regular monitoring of microbiological tests in their vicinity as well as for control strategies in order to protect workers at landfill sites. The results of the study should be used for future decisions on the location of municipal landfill sites and suggest the need for better environmental control technologies in the sites that are already functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Brzezinska MS, Lalke-Porczyk E, Kalwasińska A. Extracellular Enzyme Activity in a Willow Sewage Treatment System. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:776-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kalwasińska A, Burkowska A, Wilk I. Microbial air contamination in indoor environment of a university library. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012; 19:25-29. [PMID: 22462441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at evaluating the number of bacteria and mould fungi in the indoor and outdoor environment of Toruń University Library. The sampling sites were located in the rooms serving the functions typical of libraries (i.e. in the Main Reading Room, Current Periodicals Reading Room, Collections Conservation Laboratory, Old Prints Storeroom, in rooms serving other (non-library) functions (i.e. main hall, cafeteria, and toilet) as well as outside the library building. The analyses reveal that the concentrations of bacterial as well as fungal aerosols estimated with the use of the impaction method ranged between 10(1)-10(3) CFU·m(-3), which corresponds to the concentrations normally observed in areas of this kind. Evaluation of the hygienic condition of the studied areas was based on the criteria for microbiological cleanliness in interiors submitted by the European Commission in 1993. According to this classification, the air was considered to be heavily or moderately contaminated with bacteria, while the air contamination with mould fungi was described as low or moderate. The air in the Old Prints Storeroom was considered the least contaminated with microbial aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Environment Protection, Nicholas Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
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Kalwasińska A, Kęsy J, Wilk I, Donderski W. Neustonic versus epiphytic bacteria of eutrophic lake and their biodegradation ability on deltamethrin. Biodegradation 2011; 22:699-707. [PMID: 20862526 PMCID: PMC3104139 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated biodegradation of the insecticide deltamethrin (1 μg l(-1)) by pure cultures of neustonic (n = 25) and epiphytic (n = 25) bacteria and by mixed cultures (n = 1), which consisted of a mixture of 25 bacterial strains isolated from the surface microlayer (SM ≈ 250 μm) and epidermis of the Common Reed (Phragmites australis, (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) growing in the littoral zone of eutrophic lake Chełmżyńskie. Results indicate that neustonic and epiphytic bacteria are characterized by a similar average capacity to degrade deltamethrin. After a 15-day incubation, bacteria isolated from the surface microlayer reduced the initial concentration of deltamethrin by 60%, while the average effectiveness of the bacteria found on the Common Reed equaled 47%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Water Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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