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Alhemedi AJ, Qasaimeh MG, Alzoubia S, Alhallaq LS, Alzoubi N, AlAzzam R, Al-Qaoud WI, Naser AY. Adherence to thyroid therapy and depressive status among patients with hypothyroidism in the northern of Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37181. [PMID: 38335430 PMCID: PMC10860971 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a chronic and progressive medical condition that requires extreme adherence to medication in order to effectively manage the disease. The aim of this study was to examine patients' adherence to their thyroid therapy and their depressive status and their associated predictors. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted between April and June 2023 using a sample of chronic hypothyroidism patients visiting the Jordan University of Science and Technology Health Center in Irbid, along with the Family Medicine and Endocrine clinic at King Abdullah University Hospital. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-2 were used to examine patients' adherence level and mental status. A total of 296 patients were involved in this study. Around 35.5% of the patients found to have high level of adherence. Around 27.4% of the patients demonstrated a low level of adherence. The mean PHQ-2 score for the study sample was 2.00 (SD: 1.7) out of 6. Using a cutoff point of 3, we identified that 29.7% of the patients are at risk of developing major depressive disorder. Patients aged 31 to 50 years and married patients were identified to have higher adherence level compared to other patients (P < .05). This study observed a notable low to moderate level of adherence among patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism in Jordan with regards to their prescribed therapeutic regimen. Furthermore, a significant part of the individuals had a susceptibility to the development of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam J. Alhemedi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Motaz Ghazi Qasaimeh
- Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, AL Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sajeda Alzoubia
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lamees Saeed Alhallaq
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nariman Alzoubi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem AlAzzam
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Walaa Ibrahim Al-Qaoud
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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Alhemedi AJ, Qasaimeh MG, Abdo N, Elsalem L, Qaadan D, Alomari E, lssa Q, Alhadeethi M, Abdul Kareem HM, Almasri A, Elkhateeb O, Naser AY. Depression Among University Students in Jordan After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4237-4249. [PMID: 37873060 PMCID: PMC10590589 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s436293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background University students encounter stressors that make them more susceptible to depression than the general population. Depression negatively impacts mental and physical health. Our study assessed the prevalence of depression among university students in Jordan and its associated predictors after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional online survey study in the first quarter of 2022 by sending an online questionnaire to university students aged 18 years and older. This study assessed the symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated predictors of depression. Results A total of 535 university students participated in this study. The mean depression score for the study participants was 13.9 (SD: 7.1) out of 27, representing a moderate level of depression. Among the participants, 26.2% had moderate, 19.3% had moderately severe, and 25.8% had severe depression. Students who drink three or more cups of coffee per day, have had an evaluation of their psychological state by specialists before, and have been diagnosed with any mental illness were more likely to have a higher depression score compared to others (p<0.05). On the other hand, students who were aged 24 years and older and those who practiced regular exercise were less likely to have a higher depression score compared to others (p<0.05). Conclusion We found a high prevalence of depression among university students in Jordan. This result is vital for decision-makers to implement a plan to prevent and manage this mental health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam J Alhemedi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Motaz Ghazi Qasaimeh
- Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Dina Qaadan
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esraa Alomari
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qudama lssa
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Alhadeethi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hamza Mazin Abdul Kareem
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ayham Almasri
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Osama Elkhateeb
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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