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Enayati A, Valadan R, Bagherzadeh M, Cheraghpour M, Nikookar SH, Fazeli-Dinan M, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Sahraei Rostami F, Shabani Kordshouli R, Raeisi A, Nikpour F, Mirolyaei A, Bagheri F, Sedaghat MM, Zaim M, Weetman D, Hemigway J. Kdr genotyping and the first report of V410L and V1016I kdr mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel gene in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Iran. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 38273349 PMCID: PMC10811842 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases worldwide. The species invaded and became established in southern Iran in 2020. Insecticide-based interventions are primarily used for its control. With insecticide resistance widespread, knowledge of resistance mechanisms is vital for informed deployment of insecticidal interventions, but information from Iranian Ae. aegypti is lacking. METHODS Fifty-six Ae. aegypti specimens were collected from the port city of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan Province in the South of Iran in 2020 and screened for kdr mutations. The most common kdr mutations in Latin America and Asia (V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C), especially when present in combinations, are highly predictive of DDT and pyrethroid resistance were detected. Phylogenetic analyses based on the diversity of S989P and V1016G/I mutations were undertaken to assess the phylogeography of these kdr mutations. RESULTS Genotyping all four kdr positions of V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C revealed that only 16 out of the 56 (28.57%) specimens were homozygous wild type for all kdr mutation sites. Six haplotypes including VSVF (0.537), VSVC (0.107), LSVF (0.016), LSIF (0.071), VPGC (0.257) and LPGC (0.011) were detected in this study. For the first time, 11 specimens harbouring the V410L mutation, and 8 samples with V1016I mutation were found. V410L and V1016I were coincided in 8 specimens. Also, six specimens contained 1016G/I double mutation which was not reported before. CONCLUSIONS The relatively high frequency of these kdr mutations in Iranian Ae. aegypti indicates a population exhibiting substantial resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which are used widely in control operations and household formulations. The detection of the 410L/1016I kdr mutant haplotype in Iranian Ae. aegypti suggests possible convergence of invasive populations from West Africa or Latin America. However, as Iran has very limited maritime/air connections with those African countries, a Latin American origin for the invasive Ae. aegypti in Iran is more plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadali Enayati
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Reza Valadan
- Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Bagherzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Cheraghpour
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Nikookar
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sahraei Rostami
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Razieh Shabani Kordshouli
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Vector Borne Diseases Control Department, Iran CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpour
- Vector Borne Diseases Control Department, Iran CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Mirolyaei
- Vector Borne Diseases Control Department, Iran CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Hormozgan Provincial Health Center, Department of Communicable Diseases Control, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zaim
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Weetman
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janet Hemigway
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Saberi N, Raeisi A, Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Bozorg Omid F, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Modeling the Effect of Climate Change on the Distribution of Main Malaria Vectors in an Endemic Area, Southeastern Iran. Iran J Public Health 2023; 52:1061-1070. [PMID: 37484730 PMCID: PMC10362220 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i5.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Although malaria is endemic in some areas of southeastern Iran, following the successful national malaria elimination plan (NMEP), the local transmission area has been shrunk. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of climate change on the distribution of main vectors. Methods All documents related to research investigations conducted in Kerman Province on malaria vectors published during 2000-2019 were retrieved from scientific databases. Spatial distributions of the main vectors were mapped and modeled using MaxEnt ecological model. The future environmental suitability for main vectors was determined under three climate changes scenarios in the 2030s. Results Five malaria vectors are present in Kerman Province. The best ecological niches for these vectors are located in the southern regions of the province under the current climatic condition as well as different climate change scenarios in the 2030s. Conclusion Climate change in 2030 will not have a significant impact on the distribution of malaria vectors in the region. Entomological monitoring is advised to update the spatial database of Anopheles vectors of malaria in this malaria receptive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Saberi
- Department of Vector Biology & Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Department of Vector Biology & Control, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Vector Biology & Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Bozorg Omid
- Department of Vector Biology & Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Vector Biology & Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pirahmadi S, Afzali S, Mehrizi AA, Raz A, Raeisi A. Molecular epidemiology of potential candidate markers for chloroquine resistance in imported Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Iran. Malar J 2023; 22:118. [PMID: 37038137 PMCID: PMC10084653 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) has posed a challenge to control strategies aimed at eliminating malaria. Molecular analysis of candidate resistance markers is very important for monitoring the P. vivax resistance to CQ in different endemic regions. In the present study, the multidrug resistance 1 (pvmdr1) gene, a possible marker for CQ resistance in P. vivax, was evaluated by molecular methods. METHODS A simple PCR-RFLP method was developed for mutation analysis in pvmdr1 gene. A number of 120 blood spots were obtained from patients with P. vivax mono-infection in 2021. All of the samples were collected from Pakistani patients who travelled to Iran. RESULTS None of the samples had any mutation at codon 976 of pvmdr1, while the 1076 mutation was detected in 96.2% of the examined isolates. Only two pvmdr1 haplotypes were identified, including the single mutant (Y976/1076L) as the most prevalent haplotype (with 96.2% frequency) and the wild type (Y976/F1076; with 3.8% frequency). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the major CQ resistance-mediating mutation and multiple mutant haplotypes of the pvmdr1 gene was not detected. However, continuous monitoring of drug resistance markers and close supervision of the efficacy of CQ is essential to detect the potential emergence of CQ-resistant P. vivax isolates in Iran. This data is important for performing future epidemiological surveillance to monitor CQ resistance in this endemic area and the bordering regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Pirahmadi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Abouie Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbasali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Programme Manager for Malaria Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Azizi H, Majdzadeh R, Ahmadi A, Raeisi A, Nazemipour M, Mansournia MA, Schapira A. Development and validation of an online tool for assessment of health care providers' management of suspected malaria in an area, where transmission has been interrupted. Malar J 2022; 21:304. [PMID: 36303211 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alertness and practice of health care providers (HCPs) in the correct management of suspected malaria (CMSM) (vigilance) is a central component of malaria surveillance following elimination, and it must be established before malaria elimination certification can be granted. This study was designed to develop and validate a rapid tool, Simulated Malaria Online Tool (SMOT), to evaluate HCPs' practice in relation to the CMSM. METHODS The study was conducted in East Azerbaijan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran, where no malaria transmission has been reported since 2005. An online tool presenting a suspected malaria case for detection of HCPs' failures in recognition, diagnosis, treatment and reporting was developed based on literature review and expert opinion. A total of 360 HCPs were allocated to two groups. In one group their performance was tested by simulated patient (SP) methodology as gold standard, and one month later by the online tool to allow assessment of its sensitivity. In the other group, they were tested only by the online tool to allow assessment of any possible bias incurred by the exposure to SPs before the tool. RESULTS The sensitivity of the tool was (98.7%; CI 93.6-99.3). The overall agreement and kappa statistics were 96.6% and 85.6%, respectively. In the group tested by both methods, the failure proportion by SP was 86.1% (CI 80.1-90.8) and by tool 87.2% (CI 81.4-91.7). In the other group, the tool found 85.6% (CI 79.5-90.3) failures. There were no significant differences in detecting failures within or between the groups. CONCLUSION The SMOT tool not only showed high validity for detecting HCPs' failures in relation to CMSM, but it had high rates of agreement with the real-world situation, where malaria transmission has been interrupted. The tool can be used by program managers to evaluate HCPs' performance and identify sub-groups, whose malaria vigilance should be strengthened. It could also contribute to the evidence base for certification of malaria elimination, and to strengthening prevention of re-establishment of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Azizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.,School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, and Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayat Ahmadi
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Programme Manager for Malaria Elimination, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazemipour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Allan Schapira
- Bicol University College of Medicine, Legazpi City, Philippines
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Okati-Aliabad H, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Mohammadi M, Nejati J, Ranjbar M, Raeisi A, Kolifarhood G, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Khorram A. Access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1615. [PMID: 36008787 PMCID: PMC9404647 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imported malaria cases could be considered one of the threats to malaria elimination. Therefore, increasing migrants’ access to malaria preventive measures can play an essential role in maintaining appropriate conditions and preventing malaria outbreaks. This study aimed to provide detailed information about access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran. Methods This study was conducted in a vast region consisting of 4 provinces and 38 cities located in the south and southeast of the country. Study participants were migrants who moved to the study area in the past three months. A sample of 4163 migrants participated in the study. They were selected through a multi-stage sampling method to obtain a representative community sample. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires about participants’ socio-demographic specification, commuting characteristics, travel aim, access, ways of preparing, and reasons to use or not to use malaria protection tools. Quantitative and qualitative variables were described and analyzed finally. Results The mean age of individuals was 28.6 ± 10.8, with a range of 3–88 years old. Migrants’ country of origin was Afghanistan (56.6%), Pakistan (38.4%), and Iran (5%). Most migrants (69.2%) did not have malaria protection tools while staying in Iran. Among those who procured the protection tools, 74% used long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), 13.4% used mosquito repellent sticks and coil, and 12.7% did not use any tools. Respectively, lack of knowledge about where they can get LLINs, followed by being expensive, unavailability in the market, not cooperation of health officer, and no need to use were expressed as the causes for having no access. The main reasons for non-using the tools were lack of knowledge about their application, followed by a defect in protection tools, ineffectiveness, and being harmful, respectively. Migrants who were supported by an employer accessed more to LLINs. Conclusions This study reveals significant shortcomings in knowledge, access, and utilization of malaria protection tools among migrants in Iran. Inequitable access to public health services is predictable during migration; however, access to sustainable protection tools is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Okati-Aliabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Jalil Nejati
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Mansour Ranjbar
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Program for Malaria Control, Center of Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goodarz Kolifarhood
- National Program for Malaria Control, Center of Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Khorram
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Saberi N, Raeisi A, Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Mashayekhi M, Nikpour F, Bozorg Omid F, Rahimi Foroushani A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Current Situation of Malaria and Resistance of Main Vectors to WHO Recommended Insecticides in an Endemic Area, Southeastern Iran. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:607-614. [PMID: 34958095 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although malaria is endemic in some areas of southeastern Iran, following the successful national malaria elimination plan, the local transmission area has been shrunk. The main cases in Iran are due to Plasmodium vivax followed by P. falciparum. This study was aimed to determine the current situation of malaria in Kerman Province of Iran and evaluate the insecticide resistance of main vectors. The field study was conducted in 2019. Data of new malaria cases were obtained from the health centers for the period of 2009-2018. Susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi and An. dthali was evaluated against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Dieldrin, Malathion, Bendiocarb, Deltamethrin, and Temephos at the diagnostic dose. A total of 522 malaria cases were recorded and divided into indigenous (33.14%) and imported (66.86%) categories. The highest incidence of the disease was reported from the southern areas of the province, where all indigenous cases occurred. Adults of An. stephensi were resistant to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane while its resistance to be confirmed to dieldrin, bendiocarb and deltamethrin. As An. dthali had less than 98% mortality against bendiocarb, the resistance status should be confirmed with more tests. Our findings showed both species had less than 98% mortality against bendiocarb and deltamethrin insecticides which are used in malaria vector control program in Iran. Due to the susceptibility of these vectors to temephos, larviciding can be advised for vector control in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Saberi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mashayekhi
- Department of Prevention and Control of diseases, Deputy of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpour
- Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Bozorg Omid
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Zaim M. Situation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the World Health Organization of Eastern Mediterranean region 1990-2020. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:1-21. [PMID: 35237407 PMCID: PMC8882812 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted by Anopheles species. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases in 2019 in 87 malaria endemic countries. There are several vector control method specially using pesticides. The aim of this study was to collect all the data about insecticide resistant of malaria vectors in the Eastern Mediterranean region countries. In this study, all the published papers related to insecticide resistance of malaria vectors in the region were collected and resistant status of vectors in the countries was mapped. Resistance to different insecticide classes such as pyrethroids, organophosphate, organochlorine and carbamates were evaluated using World Health Organization guidelines. Results showed a wide variety of susceptibility/resistance status to these chemicals according to the location, historical context of pesticide used, genetic background of vectors, age and abdominal conditions of adults may play a role in the susceptibility status of these species to different insecticides. The results of this study is providing a guideline for countries to manage their vector control activities against insecticide resistance of malaria vectors and provide novel approaches such as male sterility, using Wolbachia, using new insecticide with new mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpoor
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Malaria Control Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zaim
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ferns GA, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Raeisi A, Arjmand MH. The Potential Role of Changes in the Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Progression: Strategy in Cancer Therapy. Gastrointest Tumors 2021; 8:169-176. [PMID: 34722470 DOI: 10.1159/000517771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in cell metabolism are a well-known feature of some cancers, and this may be involved in the etiology of tumor formation and progression, as well as tumor heterogeneity. These changes may affect fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis and are required to provide the increase in energy necessary for the high rate of proliferation of cancer cells. Gastrointestinal cancers remain a difficult-to-treat cancer, particularly as they are usually diagnosed at a late stage of disease and are associated with poor outcomes. Summary Recently, the changes in the metabolic pathways, including the expression of the rate-limiting enzymes involved, have been considered to be a potential target for therapy for gastrointestinal tumors. Key Message A combination of routine chemotherapy drugs with metabolic inhibitors may improve the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Sofizadeh A, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Raeisi A, Sistanizadeh-Aghdam M. Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:171-178. [PMID: 35111855 PMCID: PMC8782743 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria resurgence has occurred in the northern half parts of Iran. The resurgence of malaria in the prone area could arise from various factors, e.g. wide use of pesticides in the agriculture sector and factors such as habitual patterns of movement of local people from problematic southeastern foci in Iran toward the Caspian Littoral. There are no new data on the resistance status of main malaria vectors in the Caspian Littoral, and this study was aimed at renewal data on conventional insecticides. Methods: The field strain of adult Anopheles superpictus and Anopheles maculipennis were collected using the hand catch method and transferred to the laboratory. The susceptibility tests were carried out against DDT 4%, Malathion 5%, Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, and Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, followed by the WHO’s procedure. Results: The primary malaria vector in Caspian Littoral is An. maculipennis, revealed to be still resistant to DDT and mortality rate, LT50 and LT90 of female mosquitoes were 75.0%, 54.2, minutes and 111.3 minutes. The under ‘verification required’ status of An. maculipennis was also revealed to Lambda-cyhalothrin based on recent WHO’s criteria. The malaria vector An. superpictus is also considered the second malaria vectors in the west parts of the studied area, which showed to be susceptible to all insecticides tested. Conclusion: DDT resistance is persisted in An. maculipennis despite stopping residual spraying with DDT since 1978 in the Caspian Littoral, but the occurrence of pyrethroid under ‘verification required’ status is a progressive threat to the possible development of cross-resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aioub Sofizadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Mr Mohammad Reza Abai, E-mail:
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Delshad H, Raeisi A, Abdollahi Z, Tohidi M, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Nobakht F, Azizi F. Iodine supplementation for pregnant women: a cross-sectional national interventional study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2307-2314. [PMID: 33704696 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Iran has been considered iodine replete since 2000, the first national survey of iodine intake among Iranian pregnant women in 2014 indicated that despite the adequate intake of iodine by the general population, this vulnerable group has moderate iodine deficiency. Therefore, in this national cross-sectional interventional study, we aimed to assess the iodine intake and thyroid function of Iranian pregnant women 2 years after implementing national iodine supplementation for this vulnerable group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we conducted a national interventional survey of pregnant women. A total of 1200 pregnant women (400 women from each trimester) from 12 provinces of Iran were recruited from the antenatal care clinics from October 2018 to March 2019. The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC), as an indicator of iodine status in three spot urine samples, was measured, along with the serum total T4 (TT4), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and iodine content of household salt. RESULTS The mean age of the cohort was 28 ± 6.2 years, with the mean gestational age of 22.7 ± 13.0 weeks. The overall MUIC (IQR) of pregnant women was 188 µg/L (124.2-263 µg/L). Also, the MUICs in the three trimesters of pregnancy were 174 µg/L (110-254), 175 µg/L (116-251), and 165 µg/L (114-235), respectively. The MUICs ≥ 150, 100-149, and < 100 µg/L were found in 63, 19.8, and 16.2% of the subjects, respectively. The mean TT4 level was 12 ± 4.5 µg/dL, and the median (IQR) level of TSH was 2.37 mIU/L (1.66-3.18 mIU/L). According to our local reference range, 118 (10.5%) pregnant women had subclinical hypothyroidism, 6 (0.53%) women had isolated hypothyroxinemia, and 65 (5.7%) women were TPO-Ab positive. Also, the median (IQR) level of Tg was 10.08 µg/dL (5.7-20.4 µg/dL), and the median iodine content of household salt was 29.6 µg/g; the iodine content was ≥ 30 µg/g in 85% of household salt. The results showed that more than 95% of households were under iodized salt coverage. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that iodine supplementation with at least 150 µg of iodine per day improved the iodine intake of pregnant women. Except for subclinical hypothyroidism, the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism, clinical/subclinical thyrotoxicosis, TPO-Ab positivity, and isolated hypothyroxinemia decreased significantly, which emphasizes the importance of iodine supplementation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Delshad
- Micronutrient Research Office, Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Raeisi
- Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Abdollahi
- General of Nutrition Department, Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mirmiran
- Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Nobakht
- National IDD Program, Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Azizi
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Dorzadeh H, Shayeghi M, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A. Bioefficacy of bendiocarb WP80 in vector-borne and zoonotic diseases areas in borderline of Iran and Pakistan. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:868-874. [PMID: 34484678 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria and leishmaniasis are the public health problems in southern Iran. The main activity of vector control is indoor residual spraying using pyrethroids, using different insecticides as larviciding and impregnated bednets. The aim of study was to evaluate the biological assays of bendiocarb wettable powder (WP) at different surfaces of wall. The residual effect of bendiocarb WP80 at 400 milligram/meter square (mg/m2) was evaluated on various local surfaces of rooms such as mud and plaster as well as thatch roofs and wooden. World Health Organization standard cones using contact bioassays were carried out using laboratory reared sugar-fed, 48-72 h old females of Anopheles stephensi. Contact bioassays were carried out on sprayed surfaces for 150 days. Contact bioassay on surfaces treated with bendiocarb WP80 at different surfaces was estimated about 2 months. Fumigant tests of bendiocarb WP80 at 400 mg/m2 revealed 50-93.83% mortality with 1 month persistency. The results showed that carbamate insecticide could be used as rotation with pyrethroids for malaria vector control. Monitoring and evaluation of environmental toxicology of pesticides is important for decision making for choosing appropriate pesticides for disease vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dorzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoreh Shayeghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Hemati S, Mobini GR, Heidari M, Rahmani F, Soleymani Babadi A, Farhadkhani M, Nourmoradi H, Raeisi A, Ahmadi A, Khodabakhshi A, Sadeghi M, Bagheri M, Validi M, Taghipour S, Mohammadi-Moghadam F. Simultaneous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, and fungi in indoor air of hospital: a study on Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43792-43802. [PMID: 33837940 PMCID: PMC8035599 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Understanding the airborne route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential for infection prevention and control. In this study, a total of 107 indoor air samples (45 SARS-CoV-2, 62 bacteria, and fungi) were collected from different wards of the Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Simultaneously, bacterial and fungal samples were also collected from the ambient air of hospital yard. Overall, 6 positive air samples were detected in the infectious 1 and infectious 2 wards, intensive care unit (ICU), computed tomography (CT) scan, respiratory patients' clinic, and personal protective equipment (PPE) room. Also, airborne bacteria and fungi were simultaneously detected in the various wards of the hospital with concentrations ranging from 14 to 106 CFU m-3 and 18 to 141 CFU m-3, respectively. The highest mean concentrations of bacteria and fungi were observed in respiratory patients' clinics and ICU wards, respectively. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found between airborne bacterial concentration and the presence of SARS-CoV-2, while no significant correlation was found between fungi concentration and the virus presence. This study provided an additional evidence about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air of a hospital that admitted COVID-19 patients. Moreover, it was revealed that the monitoring of microbial quality of indoor air in such hospitals is very important, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, for controlling the nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hemati
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mobini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Rahmani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Akbar Soleymani Babadi
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marzieh Farhadkhani
- Educational Development Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Nourmoradi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Khodabakhshi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehraban Sadeghi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Bagheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Validi
- Department of Medical Bacteriology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Simin Taghipour
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fazel Mohammadi-Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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13
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Ghanbarnejad A, Turki H, Yaseri M, Raeisi A, Rahimi-Foroushani A. Spatial Modelling of Malaria in South of Iran in Line with the Implementation of the Malaria Elimination Program: A Bayesian Poisson-Gamma Random Field Model. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:108-125. [PMID: 34277860 PMCID: PMC8271232 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i1.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria is the third most important infectious disease in the world. WHO propose programs for controlling and elimination of the disease. Malaria elimination program has begun in first phase in Iran from 2010. Climate factors play an important role in transmission and occurrence of malaria infection. The main goal is to investigate the spatial distribution of incidence of malaria during April 2011 to March 2018 in Hormozgan Province and its association with climate covariates. Methods: The data included 882 confirmed cases gathered from CDC in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. A Poisson-Gamma Random field model with Bayesian approach was used for modeling the data and produces the smoothed standardized incidence rate (SIR). Results: The SIR for malaria ranged from 0 (Abu Musa and Haji Abad districts) to 280.57 (Bandar–e-Jask). Based on model, temperature (RR= 2.29; 95% credible interval: (1.92–2.78)) and humidity (RR= 1.04; 95% credible interval: (1.03–1.06)) had positive effect on malaria incidence, but rainfall (RR= 0.92; 95% credible interval: (0.90–0.95)) had negative impact. Also, smoothed map represent hot spots in the east of the province and in Qeshm Island. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of the study results, it was found that the ecological conditions of the region (temperature, humidity and rainfall) and population displacement play an important role in the incidence of malaria. Therefore, the malaria surveillance system should continue to be active in the region, focusing on high-risk areas of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ghanbarnejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Turki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Amiri S, Haghdoost A, Mostafavi E, Sharifi H, Peykari N, Raeisi A, Assai Ardakani M, Asadi Lari M, Soori H, Ostovar A, Eshrati B, Gouya MM, Nasehi M, Tabatabaei SM, Amirkhani M, Eybpoosh S. Iran COVID-19 Epidemiology Committee: A Review of Missions, Structures, Achievements, and Challenges. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00505. [PMID: 34024763 PMCID: PMC8957690 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Iran, the control and management of the epidemic were headed by the National Headquarter for the Control of COVID-19 Epidemic through setting up different scientific committees, including the COVID-19 National Epidemiology Committee. The present study reviews the missions, structures, achievements, and challenges of the Epidemiology Committee.
Study design: A rapid review
Methods: All relevant reports, documents, guidelines, published literature, and surveillance data related to the establishment, visions, missions, roles, activities, and outputs of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Committee were critically reviewed in this study.
Results: The efforts of the committee’s working groups may have impacted improvements in data registration/usage, provincial data quality at provincial levels, and perception of the epidemic situation in the provinces. The committees have also played role in informing the policies in different stages of the epidemic through routine or problem-based data/evidence analyses, epidemic investigations, and mathematical modeling.
Conclusions: The structure and experience gained by the committee can be used in similar situations within and outside the country. To further improve the impacts of our activities, it is essential to have effective interaction, collaboration, and data flow between the committee and a broad range of organizations within and outside the Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Amiri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Medical Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharifi
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloofar Peykari
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Malaria Control Unit, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Asadi Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Center for Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Nasehi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Manzar Amirkhani
- National Committee of COVID-19 Epidemiology, Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Eybpoosh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Askari S, Nateghpour M, Motevalli Haghi A, Farivar L, Raeisi A, Mohebali M. Situation of Asymptomatic Malaria among Iranian Native and Afghan and Pakistani Immigrants in a Malarious Area under the National Malaria Elimination Program of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2020; 15:530-536. [PMID: 33884010 PMCID: PMC8039483 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i4.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was designed to detect, if there are asymptomatic malaria infections amongst native and immigrant population from Afghanistan and Pakistan countries in Sistan & Baluchistan Province of Iran, where is under the national malaria elimination program. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among native individuals and resident immigrants in the southeastern province of Sistan & Baluchistan from May 2016 to Jul 2017. A total of 271 individuals were considered in this cross-sectional study based on microscopical method, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and PCR techniques. Out of 271 native and immigrant participants 140 (52%) and 131 (48%) were male and female, respectively. Results None of the prepared samples was diagnosed as malaria positive case when was considered via above mentioned three techniques. Conclusion Neither native nor immigrant individuals had asymptomatic malaria, hinting that national malaria elimination program is performed according to planned schedule in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Askari
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nateghpour
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Quran, Hadith and Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farivar
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Allahmoradi M, Motevalli Haghi A, Nateghpour M, Mohebali M, Raeisi A, Hosseini Safa A, Mohtasebi S, Abbaszadeh Afshar MJ. High-Resolution Melting Analysis in Comparison with Microscopic Method: An Experimental Study to Diagnosis of Plasmodium Species Infections in Human. Iran J Parasitol 2020; 15:403-410. [PMID: 33082805 PMCID: PMC7548472 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i3.4205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Among the human parasitic diseases, malaria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. To prevent the high mortality and tracking malaria elimination efforts, a prompt and sensitive diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to compare High-Resolution Melting (HRM) and microscopic methods to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Methods: Eighty-one blood samples were collected from patients with clinical symptoms who were suspect to malaria in Chabahar district, southeastern Iran and also, from those who were referred to Malaria National Laboratory in the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Microscopic examination and HRM method were used to the diagnosis of Plasmodium parasites simultaneously. Results: Microscopic results revealed 45 positive cases (12 P. falciparum and 33 P. vivax) out of 81 collected samples while according to HRM analysis results 11 and 33 samples were identified as P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. HRM analysis also revealed 1 mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. malariae. Conclusion: HRM analysis provides a promising mean for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the Plasmodium spp. especially in mixed infection cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Allahmoradi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Motevalli Haghi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nateghpour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hosseini Safa
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mohtasebi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mojahedi AR, Safari R, Yarian M, Pakari A, Raeisi A, Edalat H, Beniardelan M, Poudat A, Zaim M, Basseri HR. Biting and resting behaviour of malaria vectors in Bandar-Abbas County, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2020; 26:1218-1226. [PMID: 33103749 DOI: 10.26719/emhj.19.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood feeding and resting behaviour of malaria vectors are the most influential factors in malaria transmission. Aims To measure blood feeding and resting behaviour, conventional mosquito sampling methods were performed in an area with potential for malaria transmission. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected monthly from indoor/outdoor places by conventional sampling methods, and larval habitats were investigated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the human blood index (HBI) of the mosquitoes. Results Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles dthali and Anopheles fluviatilis, were collected. Overall, 1249 female Anopheles mosquitoes were captured on human and animal baits, but no human-vector contact occurred indoors. A. dthali, A. fluviatilis and A. culicifacies showed a greater tendency to outdoor resting places in contrast to A. stephensi, which had a propensity to indoor resting places. The seasonal biting activities of all species occurred at average temperatures between 23 and 27°C. HBI was measured as 27.2%, 20.7%, 19.1%, and 23.0% for A. fluviatilis, A. stephensi, A. culicifacies and A. dthali, respectively. Conclusion Vector control strategy depends upon mosquito behaviour. Therefore, using appropriate sampling methods based on mosquito behaviour is critical for malaria control planning. Exophilic/exophagic habit of mosquito vectors leads to fewer human bites, resulting in biting protection. Exophilic behaviour also requires specific larvicidal operations in order to prevent and control malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Resoul Mojahedi
- Hormozgan County Health Center, Deputy of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Safari
- Hormozgan County Health Center, Deputy of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masood Yarian
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abbas Pakari
- Hormozgan County Health Center, Deputy of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Center for Disease Control, Malaria Control Section, Ministry of Health and Education, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamideh Edalat
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojgan Beniardelan
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Abbas Poudat
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Morteza Zaim
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Affiliated professor of School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Basseri
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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18
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Sistanizadeh-Aghdam M, Abai MR, Shayeghi M, Mahvi AH, Raeisi A. Bio-efficacy of ultrasound exposure against immature stages of common house mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:937-942. [PMID: 32228339 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1748909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In southern Iran with a tropical climate, the above and underground cisterns of drinking water are the main habitats for immature stages of mosquitoes. The local people do not agree with using calcium hypochlorite granules in the water cisterns due to the change of water taste. Following the increased worldwide interest in using ultrasound technology for water disinfection, this study was conducted to assess the possible dual effects of ultrasound waves against immature mosquitoes.Materials and methods: Combinations of four power levels, two frequencies, three temperatures, and eight exposure times were applied to immature Culex pipiens. The exposure chamber of immature mosquitoes was the disposable cups placed inside a sonication bath containing tap water.Results: The mortality rate of immature mosquitos was 85-91% at 10-25 W, 30 °C and 130 kHz. The most effective ultrasound regimen for causing immature mortality included a fixed frequency of 130 kHz, a temperature of 30 °C, and a power level of 20-25 W. The lowest efficacy was observed in the egg stage. The median lethal time (LT50) and ninety percent lethal time (LT90) of sonication was 5.9 ± 0.6 min and 1.6 ± 0.1 min at 30 °C and a fixed frequency of 130 kHz.Conclusions: Evidence indicated effective ultrasound irradiation against immature mosquitoes in the water. This study provides a clear scientific basis for larvicidal properties induced by ultrasound emissions at laboratory conditions. The findings could be used for setting the ultrasound devices in the field investigations for achieving desired effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Shayeghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Health Environmental Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Malaria Control Unit, Tehran, Iran
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Rahimi S, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Raeisi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rafi F. Resistant status of Culex pipiens complex species to different imagicides in Tehran, Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2020; 57:47-51. [PMID: 33818455 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.308800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Insecticides are the most important means of controlling pests in Iran especially for Culex pipiens complex species. The rational use of insecticides largely depends on understanding the susceptibility levels of these species. The study was designed to determine the susceptibility levels of Cx. pipiens complex (field and insectary strains) to various insecticides in the city of Tehran. METHODS The mortality rates of the field strain of Cx. pipiens complex after different exposure times to DDT (4%), bendiocarb (0.1%), propoxur (0.1%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1.0%), permethrin (0.75%), deltamethrin (0.05%), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), etofenprox (0.5%), and cyfluthrin (0.15%) were determined. The mortality rates at the lethal time 50% (LT50) and lethal time 90% (LT90) values were calculated by plotting the regression line using Microsoft Office Excel software. RESULTS The mortality rates of the Cx. pipiens complex after 1 h exposure to the diagnostic doses of DDT (4%), bendiocarb (0.1%), propoxur (0.1%), malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1.0%), permethrin (0.75%), deltamethrin (0.05%), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05%), etofenprox (0.5%), and cyfluthrin (0.15%) were 12, 58, 54, 82, 54, 34, 49, 40, 17, and 44%, respectively. According to the WHO classification of susceptibility levels, both field and insectary strains of Cx. pipiens complex in Tehran were resistant to these insecticides. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that field Cx. pipiens complex is resistant to all the groups of insecticides used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahimi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health; Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Program Manager for Malaria Control, Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Charati J, Moqarabzadeh V, Enayati A, Raeisi A, Nikpour F. Provincial clustering of malaria in Iran between 2005 and 2014. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.280223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rahimi S, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Raeisi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Status of Resistant and Knockdown of West Nile Vector, Culex pipiens Com-plex to Different Pesticides in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.18502/jad.v13i3.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) can cause a fatal disease in humans and it is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Vector control using insecticides is a very important goal. Study of Culex pipiens resistance towards several insecticides in the city of Tehran, Iran was evaluated.
Methods: Adult females reared from field-caught larvae from southern part of Tehran and lab strain reared in the insectary of Tehran University of Medical Science were determined for resistant status by exposing to 4% DDT, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.1% propoxur, 1% fenitrothion, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.5% etofenprox, 5% malathion and 0.15% cyfluthrin papers using the standard WHO susceptibility tests.
Results: Results clearly showed resistance development of Cx. pipiens against tested insecticides. Mortalities of Cx. pipiens were less than 90% with high resistance, low knock down rate and knock down time (50%) observed against insecticides. DDT and Malathion showed the most and least lethal time (LT50) values for the field strain. The results of the knockdown test showed that DDT and deltamethrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the field strain, respectively, while DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the lab strain, respectively.
Conclusion: Resistance to mentioned insecticides in Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in southern part of Tehran. Regular implementation of susceptibility test in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes will help local public health authorities to develop new and better control strategies.
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Rahimi S, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Raeisi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Status of Resistant and Knockdown of West Nile Vector , Culex pipiens Complex to Different Pesticides in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019; 13:284-296. [PMID: 31879668 PMCID: PMC6928387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile virus (WNV) can cause a fatal disease in humans and it is mainly transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Vector control using insecticides is a very important goal. Study of Culex pipiens resistance towards several insecticides in the city of Tehran, Iran was evaluated. METHODS Adult females reared from field-caught larvae from southern part of Tehran and lab strain reared in the insectary of Tehran University of Medical Science were determined for resistant status by exposing to 4% DDT, 0.1% bendiocarb, 0.1% propoxur, 1% fenitrothion, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.5% etofenprox, 5% malathion and 0.15% cyfluthrin papers using the standard WHO susceptibility tests. RESULTS Results clearly showed resistance development of Cx. pipiens against tested insecticides. Mortalities of Cx. pipiens were less than 90% with high resistance, low knock down rate and knock down time (50%) observed against insecticides. DDT and Malathion showed the most and least lethal time (LT50) values for the field strain. The results of the knockdown test showed that DDT and deltamethrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the field strain, respectively, while DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin had the most and least knockdown times (50%) for the lab strain, respectively. CONCLUSION Resistance to mentioned insecticides in Cx. pipiens is widely distributed in southern part of Tehran. Regular implementation of susceptibility test in Cx. pipiens mosquitoes will help local public health authorities to develop new and better control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahimi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental, Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental, Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Program Manager for Malaria Control, Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental, Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ostovar A, Fokkens WJ, Vahdat K, Raeisi A, Mallahzadeh A, Farrokhi S. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in Bushehr, southwestern region of Iran: a GA2LEN study. Rhinology 2019; 57:43-48. [PMID: 30033451 DOI: 10.4193/rhin18.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies using the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) criteria for the assessment of the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) prevalence play important roles in the development and promotion of public health policies. METHODS A multistage, stratified cluster, random sampling method was used to select the study participants from individuals living in Bushehr, which is in the southwestern part of Iran. The standardized Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) questionnaire was completed by 5,201 participants, and the CRS prevalence were compared among different groups of related factors using chi-squared tests. RESULTS The overall CRS prevalence was 28.4% based on the EPOS criteria, while the self-reported physician-diagnosed CRS prevalence was 20.0%. There was no gender difference; however, CRS was more prevalent in smokers, individuals aged 25 - 34 years old, non-educated persons, and healthcare workers. CRS was also associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the CRS prevalence in Iran was relatively high. These results support the idea that CRS is a major public health problem in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - W J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Vahdat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Raeisi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Mallahzadeh
- Department of ENT, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - S Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Abstract
Background Malaria is considered as a major threat to health systems. It is still considered as one of the most important infectious diseases in Iran, but with an elimination goal in 2025. This study aimed to review the malaria situation in Iran over the 16 years. Methods The data was collected from epidemiological registration forms that had been completed by physicians and malaria focal points in the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results During the study period, 134,273 malaria cases were reported. The malaria incidence decreased from 0.24/1000 cases in 2002 to 0.01/1000 in 2017. From 2009 onward, the number of imported cases increased in comparison with the autochthonous and indigenous cases. Most cases were seen in males and people over 15 years of age. Moreover, the dominant registered reports were from rural areas. Most malaria cases were reported from the south and southeastern of Iran. Plasmodium vivax was the dominant species. Conclusion The dramatic drop in the incidence of autochthonous cases can hopefully support malaria elimination as a major goal in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Program for Malaria Control, Center of Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nikpour
- National Program for Malaria Control, Center of Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Nejati
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Vatandoost H, Reza Abai M, Akbari M, Raeisi A, Yousefi H, Sheikhi S, Bagheri A. Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay with WHO Standard Method for Assessment Susceptibility Level of Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi to Three Imagicides. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.18502/jad.v13i1.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of Anopheles vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. CDC bottle bioassay as a new tools has been employed for detecting the insecticide resistance. For a limit number of mosquito vectors, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for some insecticides have already been determined using this new assay. For the first time in the area, susceptibility levels of Anopheles stephensi was done with DDT, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb using CDC bottle bioassay and compared results with WHO standard test method.
Methods: Anopheles stephensi were collected in larvae stage from the cisterns of drinking water in Chabahar port which considered as old malaria foci, Sistan and Baluchistan province. The field collected larvae were colonized at the insectary of School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Science. The susceptibility tests were carried out on sugar fed female mosquitoes aged 2–3 days, against DDT 4%, bendiocarb 1% and deltamethrin 0.05% using WHO and CDC susceptibility methods. The mortality and knockdown rates, as well as the parameters of regression analysis, including LT50 and LT90, was calculated separately for the WHO and CDC methods.
Results: The 24h mortality rates of An. stephensi were 28.6% and 25.6% for DDT, 60.8% and 64.6% for bendiocarb and 100% for deltamethrin using both WHO and CDC assay at 30 and 60min respectively. The 50% lethal times (LT50) were estimated 44.9 and 66.2min, 38.9 and 81.8min and 0.7 and 15.0min respectively using both WHO and CDC susceptibility tests.
Conclusion: The similar results of susceptibility levels were shown for DDT, bendiocarb and deltamethrin. The lethal times (LT50) showed significant difference using both WHO and CDC bioassay methods.
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Hassanpour G, Mohebali M, Mirhendi H, Zeraati H, Raeisi A, Keshavarz H. Asymptomatic malaria infections among immigrants in malaria-elimination programmed areas of south eastern Iran may threaten malaria eradication. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 31:101426. [PMID: 31112764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjat Zeraati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Akbari M, Raeisi A, Yousefi H, Sheikhi S, Bagheri A. Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay with WHO Standard Method for Assessment Susceptibility Level of Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi to Three Imagicides. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2019; 13:17-26. [PMID: 31346532 PMCID: PMC6643010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of Anopheles vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. CDC bottle bioassay as a new tools has been employed for detecting the insecticide resistance. For a limit number of mosquito vectors, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for some insecticides have already been determined using this new assay. For the first time in the area, susceptibility levels of Anopheles stephensi was done with DDT, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb using CDC bottle bioassay and compared results with WHO standard test method. METHODS Anopheles stephensi were collected in larvae stage from the cisterns of drinking water in Chabahar port which considered as old malaria foci, Sistan and Baluchistan province. The field collected larvae were colonized at the insectary of School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Science. The susceptibility tests were carried out on sugar fed female mosquitoes aged 2-3 days, against DDT 4%, bendiocarb 1% and deltamethrin 0.05% using WHO and CDC susceptibility methods. The mortality and knockdown rates, as well as the parameters of regression analysis, including LT50 and LT90, was calculated separately for the WHO and CDC methods. RESULTS The 24h mortality rates of An. stephensi were 28.6% and 25.6% for DDT, 60.8% and 64.6% for bendiocarb and 100% for deltamethrin using both WHO and CDC assay at 30 and 60min respectively. The 50% lethal times (LT50) were estimated 44.9 and 66.2min, 38.9 and 81.8min and 0.7 and 15.0min respectively using both WHO and CDC susceptibility tests. CONCLUSION The similar results of susceptibility levels were shown for DDT, bendiocarb and deltamethrin. The lethal times (LT50) showed significant difference using both WHO and CDC bioassay methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Prof Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: , Mr Mohammad Reza Abai, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Prof Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: , Mr Mohammad Reza Abai, E-mail:
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Malaria, Center for Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hemn Yousefi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Sheikhi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Bagheri
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jamshidi E, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Yousefi-Nooraie R, Raeisi A, Malekafzali Ardakani H, Sadeghi R, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Majdzadeh R. A social network analysis on immigrants and refugees access to services in the malaria elimination context. Malar J 2019; 18:1. [PMID: 30602373 PMCID: PMC6317246 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been significant progress in eliminating malaria in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the structure of inter-organizational collaboration networks in the field of unauthorized immigrants and refugees access to services in order to eliminate malaria. Methods This study employed social network analysis, in which nodes represented stakeholders associated with providing access of immigrants and refugees to services in the field of malaria elimination, and ties indicated the level of collaboration. This study adopted socio-centric analysis and the whole network was studied. In this regard, 12 districts of the malaria-endemic area in Iran were selected. Participants included 360 individuals (30 representatives of the organization/group in each district). The data were gathered by interview, using the levels of collaboration scale. UCINET 6 was used for data analysis. The indices of density, centralization, reciprocity, and clustering were investigated for each twelve network and at each level of collaboration. Results The average density of the networks was 0.22 (SD: 0.04). In districts with a high incidence of imported malaria, the values of network density and centralization were high and the networks comprised of a larger connected component (less isolated clusters). There were significant correlations between density of network (r = 0.66, P = 0.02), degree centralization (r = 0.65, P = 0.02), betweenness centralization (r = 0.76, P = 0.004), and imported malaria cases. In general, the degree centrality and betweenness centrality of the organizations of health, district governor, and foreign immigrants’ affairs were higher. In all networks, 60% of the relationships were bilateral. At a higher level of collaboration, the centralization declined and reciprocity increased. The average of betweenness centralization index was 22.76 (SD = 3.88). Conclusions Higher values of network indices in border districts and districts with more cases of imported malaria, in terms of density and centralization measures, can propose the hypothesis that higher preparedness against the issue and centralization of power can enable a better top-down outbreak management, which needs further investigations. Higher centrality of governmental organizations indicates the need for involving private, non-governmental organizations and representatives of immigrant and refugee groups. Recognition of the existing network structure can help the authorities increase access to malaria prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services among immigrants and refugees. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2635-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensiyeh Jamshidi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Malekafzali Ardakani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sadeghi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Majdzadeh
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Raeisi A, Sadeghi Y, Sedaghat M, Majedi M, Pakzad B, Ghaderi A. Comparative Evaluation of Therapeutic Approaches to Central Sleep Apnea. Adv Biomed Res 2019; 8:13. [PMID: 30993083 PMCID: PMC6425748 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_173_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, there is no standard approach to manage and to improve central sleep apnea (CSA). The most applicable therapeutic approaches are positive airway pressure therapy (PAP), bi-level PAP therapy (BIPAP), supplemental O2 and servo ventilation, or a combination of two approaches. Given the high prevalence of heart disease (HF) and/or concomitants of other diseases and opioid use worldwide; it seemingly requires evaluation of patients’ conditions in response to each abovementioned approach to select the most effective approach. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal cross-sectional study included 64 CSA patients who had undergone continuous PAP (CPAP), CPAP + O2, and BiPAP. Hence, if a patient was nonresponsive to a treatment, the next was applied. If the patient was nonresponsive to all approaches, oxygen alone was administered. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: The study of 64 CSA patients showed that frequencies of response to CPAP, CPAP + O2, and BiPAP were 42.2%, 20.3%, and 28.1%, respectively. While 9.4% of patients with histories of congestive heart failure (CHF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) who were older than others and with the highest apnea-hypopnea index, were nonresponsive to all approaches. CPAP therapy showed more appropriate results in patients with CHF and IHD. Furthermore, patients with the history of opioid use showed the most positive results in response to CPAP and BIPAP. Conclusion: The results suggest that CPAP and BIPAP are, respectively, the most effective therapeutic approaches to CSA in patients with the histories of HF and opioid use, but CPAP + O2 could be reliable in some conditions as well. Therefore, it may require further studies to be clarified.
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Amin Gorouhi M, Ali Oshaghi M, Vatandoost H, Ali Enayati A, Raeisi A, Reza Abai M, Salim-Abadie Y, Ali Hanafi-Bojd A, Paksa A, Nikpoor F. Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18502/jad.v12i3.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East including south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insecticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin.
Methods: Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insecticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO.
Results: Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean activity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain.
Conclusion: Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended.
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Vatandoost H, Ali Hanafi-Bojd A, Raeisi A, Reza Abai M, Nikpour F. Bioecology of Dominant Malaria Vector, Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) In Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18502/jad.v12i3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria continues to be a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The endemic foci of the disease are mainly located in south-eastern part of the country. Iran is now launching the elimination of malaria. Studies on the bioecology and susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide are essential in this phase.
Methods: The literature on bio-ecology of Anopheles superpictus s.l. Grassi was reviewed in Iran in more than half a century. Different aspects including, distribution, key identification, larval habitats, flight range, seasonal activities, irritability/susceptibility to insecticides, and anthropophilicity index were identified.
Results: The adult females of An. superpictus s.l. were susceptible to all WHO-recommended imagicides except DDT. Distribution, morphology, sibling species, larval habitat, flight range, Irritability tests, sustainability index, blood feeding preference and related factors were discussed in details
Conclusion: Results of the evaluating will help for decision making of authorities for vector control.
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Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Nikpour F. Bioecology of Dominant Malaria Vector, Anopheles superpictus s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018; 12:196-218. [PMID: 30584544 PMCID: PMC6297731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria continues to be a main vector-borne public health problem in Iran. The endemic foci of the disease are mainly located in south-eastern part of the country. Iran is now launching the elimination of malaria. Studies on the bioecology and susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticide are essential in this phase. METHODS The literature on bio-ecology of Anopheles superpictus s.l. was reviewed in Iran in more than half a century. Different aspects including, distribution, key identification, larval habitats, flight range, seasonal activities, irritability/susceptibility to insecticides, and anthropophilicity index were identified. RESULTS The adult females of An. superpictus s.l. were susceptible to all WHO-recommended imagicides except DDT. Distribution, morphology, sibling species, larval habitat, flight range, irritability tests, sustainability index, blood feeding preference and related factors were discussed in details. CONCLUSION Results of the evaluating will help for decision making of authorities for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: ,
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpour
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Heath, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gorouhi MA, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Enayati AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Salim-Abadie Y, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Paksa A, Nikpoor F. Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2018; 12:310-320. [PMID: 30584554 PMCID: PMC6297723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East including south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insecticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin. METHODS Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insecticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO. RESULTS Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean activity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain. CONCLUSION Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Dr Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, E-mail: , Dr Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: ,
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Dr Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, E-mail: , Dr Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: ,
| | | | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Programme Manager for Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Salim-Abadie
- Department of Health Service and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Paksa
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpoor
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dept. of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Parsaei M, Raeisi A, Spotin A, Shahbazi A, Mahami-Oskouei M, Hazratian T, Khorashad AS, Zaman J, Bazmani A, Sarafraz S. Molecular evaluation of pvdhfr and pvmdr-1 mutants in Plasmodium vivax isolates after treatment with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and chloroquine in Iran during 2001-2016. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:70-75. [PMID: 29929007 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The rising use of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) in the treatment of chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has resulted in increased exposure to P. vivax isolates in Iran, where both species are being circulated. In this investigation, the frequency of pvdhfr and pvmdr-1 mutants was assessed in P. vivax strains during 2001-2016 after the introduction of SP/CQ in malarious areas of Iran. The P. vivax isolates (n, 52) were obtained from autochthonous samples in Southeast Iran during 2015-2016. The genomic DNA was extracted and examined using nested polymerase chain reaction-(PCR) and sequencing. Mutations were detected in pvdhfr codons P33L (21.2%), T61 M (25%), S93H (3.9%), and S117 T (1.9%) and 5 isolates showed double mutations (33 L/61 M, 7.7%; 33 L/117 T, 1.9%). No mutation was identified in pvdhfr codons F57 and S58. The pvmdr-1 1076 L mutation was detected in 93.3% of P. vivax isolates. The findings indicated that the frequency of three codons of pvdhfr F57/S58/S117 has decreased from 2001 (1.05%/7.0%/16.9%) to 2016 (0%/0%/1.9%). Genomic analysis of pvmdr-1 showed that the frequency of 1076 L has gradually increased from 2013 (93%) to 2016 (93.3%) (P > .05). The results demonstrated that P. vivax isolates are probably being exited under SP pressure, which reflects the appropriate level of training for field microscopists, as established by Iranian policymakers. Emergent pvdhfr codons 33L, 61M, and 93H should be noticed in plausible drug tolerance and treatment plans. The high prevalence of pvmdr-1 1076L mutation shows that efficacy of CQ combination with primaquine may be in danger of being compromised, however further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical importance of CQ-resistant P. vivax isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Parsaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Program Manager for Malaria Control, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shahbazi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of MedicalSciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Teimour Hazratian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of MedicalSciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi Khorashad
- Infection Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaman
- Orumiyeh Military Hospital, Health Administration of Army, Orumiyeh, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sedighe Sarafraz
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Raeisi A, Sajjadieh A, Raeisi A, Hoseini S. Cardiac chloroma of three heart chambers in a patient with non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia. J Med Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_92_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nikpour F, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Ranjbar M, Enayati AA, Abai MR, Shayeghi M, Mojahedi AR, Pourreza A. Evaluation of Deltamethrin in Combination of Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) against Pyrethroid Resistant, Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in IRS Implementation: an Experimental Semi-Filed Trial in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:469-481. [PMID: 29367924 PMCID: PMC5775154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of deltamethrin combined with formulated piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist on various surfaces against the wild strain of Anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector in Southern Iran under semi-field condition. METHODS Four concentrations of deltamethrin WG 25% (Tagros) and PBO 800EC-UV (Endura) were prepared and sprayed on the pre-designed surfaces in accordance with WHO alliance line of the IRS Micronair®. The WHO's recommended bioassay kit and method was used during this study. RESULTS Comparing the mortality rate of mosquitoes, the results showed a significant difference between months after treatment of IRS (Indoor Residual Spraying) (P< 0.05) but didn't show any significant differences between days during the first and second months (P> 0.05).Statistical test revealed a significance difference between mortality rate of mosquitoes in exposing to concentrations of 1 and 4 (P< 0.05) which demonstrated effect of synergizing PBO on mortality rate. CONCLUSION This research as the first semi-field trial on deltamethrin added to different concentrations of formulated PBO for IRS, indicates that deltamethrin+10X PBO is more effective than other concentrations. Therefore, using synergists can be suggested as a new tool for prevention of pyrethriod resistance, although more studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nikpour
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Prof Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail: ,
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Malaria Control Department, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ali Enayati
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoreh Shayeghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol Rasoul Mojahedi
- Provincial Health Center, Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Pourreza
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Attari M, Ziai B, Raeisi A. Comparison the Effects of Intraoperative Labetalol and Lidocaine on Postoperative Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Brain Surgeries. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:145. [PMID: 29226114 PMCID: PMC5719584 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_296_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term anesthesia applied in some operations, especially in neurosurgical operations leads to unwanted complications. This study aimed to compare the effect of intraoperative labetalol and lidocaine injection on the rate of changes in postoperative blood pressure and heart beat in patients undergoing brain operation. Materials and Methods: This is a simple double-blind randomized clinical trial study conducted in Al-Zahra and Kashani Hospitals on 90 patients’ candidate for craniotomy operation with the age range of 18–65 years, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥13 before anesthesia, physical class of American Society of Anesthesiologists I, II, insensitivity to labetalol who were divided into two groups of 45 individuals in the random allocation method. To start anesthesia, fentanil 1.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight, midazolam 5 mg, propofol 2 mg/kg and then, atracurium 0.15 mg/kg and lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg were used. The rate of patients’ bucking and blood pressure were checked at GCS time after operation and in patients’ recovery in terms of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after arrival in the recovery room and 1 h later. Results: There was no significant difference in terms of hemodynamic parameters during the period of operation and recovery and at the time of extubation and during the study, no case of bradicardia, hypotension, tachycardia or hypertension was observed in the patients of both groups. Conclusion: Using labetalol in craniotomy surgery is helpful for two main reasons that are the proper control of intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure and prevention of postoperative reactions, especially cough and if there is no contraindication for using it, it is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Attari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ziai
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Bagheri A, Vatandoost H, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Raeisi A, Godwin NG, Akbari M, Sheikhi S. Evaluation on the bioefficacy of PermaNet® 2.0, a long lasting net against Anopheles stephensi. APJTD 2017. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d6-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ansari-Moghaddam A, Adineh HA, Mohammadi M, Tabatabaei SM, Zareban I, Ranjbar M, Salimi A, Raeisi A. Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in malaria endemic region of Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province): Epidemiological profile and trends over time. APJTD 2017. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d6-472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mehboudi MB, Nabipour I, Vahdat K, Darabi H, Raeisi A, Mehrdad N, Heshmat R, Shafiee G, Larijani B, Ostovar A. Inverse association between cigarette and water pipe smoking and hypertension in an elderly population in Iran: Bushehr elderly health programme. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:821-825. [PMID: 28880257 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The collected data in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program which had detailed the data on participants' smoking status and habits, was analysed to investigate the association between smoking of both water pipes and cigarettes and hypertension in an elderly population. Three thousand elderly men and women who participated in the baseline assessment of the BEH Program-a prospective population-based study being conducted in Bushehr, Iran-were selected randomly through a multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured twice using a mercury sphygmomanometer, and researchers asked participants about medical history of hypertension as well as history of cigarette and water pipe smoking. Researchers used binary logistic regression models to assess the association of hypertension and smoking, and found an inverse, statistically significant association between current smoking and hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.41, 0.60)). The association remained statistically significant after controlling for age, education and body mass index (OR=0.54 (95% CI=0.45, 0.66)). Findings were consistent for cigarette and water pipe smoking by sex (all ORs were inverse and statistically significant). Both cigarette and water pipe smoking were associated with reduced hypertension among older people, but the strength of association was different between men and women and also between cigarette and water pipe smoking. The reasons behind the association as well as the differences observed need to be investigated through more comprehensive, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mehboudi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - I Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - K Vahdat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Raeisi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - N Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ostovar
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Fatemi A, Shamsaee S, Raeisi A, Sayedbonakdar Z, Smiley A. Prognostic factors of mortality in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus admitted to intensive care unit. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2471-2477. [PMID: 28879449 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the course, outcome, and determinants of mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in intensive care unit (ICU). SLE patients admitted to ICU from 2004 to 2015 were recruited retrospectively. Demographic data, disease characteristics, causes of admission, baseline SLE disease activity index-2K (SLEDAI-2K) and Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE) score, the outcome, and the causes of death were recorded. Predictors of mortality were compared between alive and dead patients by Cox regression analysis. Ninety-four patients with SLE were enrolled. Mean age at the time of ICU admission was 29.6 years. Average scores of SLEDAI and APACHE II were 11.3 and 19.8, respectively. The most common causes of ICU admission were pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), and seizure. Forty-seven patients (50%) died in ICU. The principal causes of death were septic shock (25.5%), multi-organ failure (12.5%), DAH (10.6%), and pneumonia (10.6%). After multivariate analysis, high APACHE II, septic shock, and duration of mechanical ventilation were indicators of survival outcome. Mean (95% CI) survival days in ICU in patients with and without respiratory failure were 14.6 (10.4-18.9) and 28.7 (17.9-39.5) days, respectively (P = 0.001). This figure for those with and without septic shock was 13.5 (4.9-11.1) and 22.3 (9.3-24.7) days, respectively (P = 0.016). High APACHE II, septic shock, and duration of mechanical ventilation were the main predictors of death in patients with SLE in ICU. Multicenter studies are needed to draw a fine picture of SLE behavior in ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimohammad Fatemi
- Department of Rheumatology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Shamsaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sayedbonakdar
- Department of Rheumatology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Smiley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Raeisi A, Faghihi K, Shabanian M. Designed biocompatible nano-inhibitor based on poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) for reduction of the DEHP migration from plasticized PVC. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:858-868. [PMID: 28821141 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The easy migration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from the plasticized PVC (P-PVC) poses a serious threat to human health and the ecosystems. Thus, its control migration from the P-PVC products is very important. In this work, a poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) network (β-CDP) was synthesized via reaction of β-cyclodextrin with 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. As a potential inhibitor for reduction of the DEHP migration, the β-CDP was grafted to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Poly(β-cyclodextrin-ester) functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP-CDP) has been used in PVC/DEHP system as a reactive nano-inhibitor to reduce DEHP migration. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of obtained films were investigated. DEHP migration tests of the P-PVC films were also carried out by using Gas chromatography. It was found that by incorporating the small amounts of nano-inhibitor in PVC/DEHP system, the migration of DEHP effectively reduced from the P-PVC samples about 65% without any serious changes in mechanical and thermal properties of the P-PVC films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raeisi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Khalil Faghihi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Meisam Shabanian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, P.O. Box 31745-139, Iran
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Nezhad RZ, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Djadid ND, Raz A, Sedaghat MM, Raeisi A. Occurrence of high resistance to DDT in the field population of arboviruses vector Culex pipiens complex in Iran. APJTD 2017. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d6-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hassanpour G, Mohebali M, Zeraati H, Raeisi A, Keshavarz H. Asymptomatic Malaria and its Challenges in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran: a Systematic Review. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2017; 11:172-181. [PMID: 29062842 PMCID: PMC5641606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to find an appropriate approach to asymptomatic malaria in elimination setting through a systematic review. METHODS A broad search was conducted to find articles with the words 'malaria' in their titles and 'asymptomatic' or 'submicroscopic' in their texts, irrespective of the type of study conducted. The Cochrane, Medline/Pub Med, and Scopus databases, as well as Google Scholar were systematically searched for English articles and reports and Iran's databases-Iran Medex, SID and Magiran were searched for Persian reports and articles, with no time limitation. The study was qualitatively summarized if it contained precise information on the role of asymptomatic malaria in the elimination phase. RESULTS Six articles were selected from the initial 2645 articles. The results all re-emphasize the significance of asymptomatic malaria in the elimination phase, and emphasize the significance of diagnostic tests of higher sensitivity to locate these patients and perform interventions to reduce the asymptomatic parasitic reservoirs particularly in regions of low transmission. However, we may infer from the results that the current evidence cannot yet specify an accurate strategy on the role of asymptomatic malaria in the elimination phase. CONCLUSION To eliminate malaria, alongside vector control, and treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, active and inactive methods of case detection need to be employed. The precise monitoring of asymptomatic individuals and submicroscopic cases of malaria through molecular assays and valid serological methods, especially in regions where seasonal and low transmission exists can be very helpful at this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholmreza Hassanpour
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Zeraati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr Hossein Keshavarz, E-mail:
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Pakdad K, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Vatandoost H, Sedaghat MM, Raeisi A, Moghaddam AS, Foroushani AR. Predicting the potential distribution of main malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi, An. culicifacies s.l. and An. fluviatilis s.l. in Iran based on maximum entropy model. Acta Trop 2017; 169:93-99. [PMID: 28188765 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is considered as a major public health problem in southern areas of Iran. The goal of this study was to predict best ecological niches of three main malaria vectors of Iran: Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles culicifacies s.l. and Anopheles fluviatilis s.l. A databank was created which included all published data about Anopheles species of Iran from 1961 to 2015. The suitable environmental niches for the three above mentioned Anopheles species were predicted using maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). AUC (area under Roc curve) values were 0.943, 0.974 and 0.956 for An. stephensi, An. culicifacies s.l. and An. fluviatilis s.l respectively, which are considered as high potential power of model in the prediction of species niches. The biggest bioclimatic contributor for An. stephensi and An. fluviatilis s.l. was bio 15 (precipitation seasonality), 25.5% and 36.1% respectively, followed by bio 1 (annual mean temperature), 20.8% for An. stephensi and bio 4 (temperature seasonality) with 49.4% contribution for An. culicifacies s.l. This is the first step in the mapping of the country's malaria vectors. Hence, future weather situation can change the dispersal maps of Anopheles. Iran is under elimination phase of malaria, so that such spatio-temporal studies are essential and could provide guideline for decision makers for IVM strategies in problematic areas.
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Norouzinezhad F, Ghaffari F, Raeisi A, Norouzinejad A, Kaveh F. Malaria Four-year Epidemiological Trends in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3660-3664. [PMID: 28243421 PMCID: PMC5308509 DOI: 10.19082/3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria is one of the foremost public health concerns in Iran, where more than 90% of malaria cases are reported in the southern and south-eastern areas of the country. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological trends of malaria over a four-year period in in the Sistan and Baluchistan province in south east of Iran. Methods This descriptive epidemiological study examined malaria trends in Sistan and Baluchistan province from 2011 to 2014. The study used data collected in accordance with the Iranian Ministry of Health’s malaria control and elimination protocol. This protocol has digitized the data reporting system for malaria, and all information were sent online to the Center of Disease Control in the Ministry of Health. In this manner, information on malaria cases in Sistan and Baluchistan were made available for the researchers to analyze. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted using the SPSS version 13. Results Annual incidence rates reported in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 showed the prevalence of 89.9, 43.9, 38.3 and 36.6 (per 100,000 persons), respectively. Across all 4 years, the highest numbers of cases were found in persons 16–25 years old and among males. Most of the infected individuals were villagers and workers. In total, 64.8% of patients were Iranian and 29.5% were Pakistani. The highest number of cases was diagnosed in the cities of Sarbaz and Chabahar, with 1,742 and 1,707 cases, respectively. The results showed that over the last 4 years, 50.8% of cases have entered into Iran from foreign countries. The majority of cases involved parasites in the trophozoite stage of the life cycle. In terms of surveillance, passive care was reported in the majority of cases, and vivax malaria had the highest prevalence in comparison with other types. Conclusion The findings are showing that the care, control and treatment system applied to Sistan and Baluchistan province has had a positive effect on decreasing the prevalence rate of Malaria disease. Meanwhile, it is recommended to policy makers to provide more health controls for border entries, stop irregular immigration and apply more precise case searches in order to have a complete and on time treatment in a way that the chain of transmission of the disease would be cut. Health education and knowledge-ability promotion programs are better to be set in order to develop self-protection and environment improvement among people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Norouzinezhad
- Faculty Member, MSN, BSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffari
- Assistant Professor in Nursing, Ramsar Nursing Care Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- Associate Professor of Epidemiology, National Program Manager for Malaria Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Norouzinejad
- Deputy for Administrative Affairs of the Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kaveh
- Data Manager and Disease Control Expert in the Center for Communicable Disease Control, Tehran, Iran
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Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Raeisi A, Enayati AA, Mirhendi H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Abai MR, Salim-Abadi Y, Rafi F. Current Susceptibility Status of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) to Different Imagicides in a Malarious Area, Southeastern of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2016; 10:493-500. [PMID: 28032101 PMCID: PMC5186739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles mosquitoes are an important group of arthropods due to their role in transmission of malaria. The present study was conducted for determination of susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi to different imagicides collected from malarious area in Chabahar city, Iran. METHODS In the present study seven insecticides including: DDT 4%, lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, cyfluthrin 0.15% and etofenprox 0.5% were tested based on WHO method. Regression line was plotted for each insecticide using mortality of different exposure times. Bioassay data were analyzed using Probit software and the lethal time for 50% and 90% mortality (LT50 and LT90) values were calculated. RESULTS The susceptibility levels of field strain of An. stephensi to the discriminative dose of different imagicides were determined 100, 98, 96, 89, 82 and 62% for etofenprox, permethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, cyfluthrin and DDT, respectively. Our finding indicated that An. stephensi is resistant to DDT, lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, and susceptible to etofenprox and permethrin and candidate of resistant to deltamethrin based on WHO criteria. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that An. stephensi is resistant to DDT and some pyrethroid insecticides which can be developed due to application of insecticides in health and agriculture. These results can provide a clue for future chemical control program in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Gorouhi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Raeisi
- National Malaria Control Department, CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Enayati
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Salim-Abadi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Nikpour F. Ecology, monitoring and mapping of insecticide resistance of malaria vector, Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) to different imagicides in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d6-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Norouzinejad F, Ghaffari F, Raeisi A, norouzinejad A. Epidemiological status of malaria in Iran, 2011–2014. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1055-1061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Raeisi A, Ostovar A, Vahdat K, Rezaei P, Darabi H, Moshtaghi D, Nabipour I. Association of serum uric acid with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2016; 20:44-48. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1247261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Raeisi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A. Ostovar
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - K. Vahdat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - P. Rezaei
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - H. Darabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - D. Moshtaghi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - I. Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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