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Zhou AM, Xiang YJ, Liu EQ, Cai CH, Wu YH, Yang LB, Zeng CL. Salvianolic acid a inhibits platelet activation and aggregation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:15. [PMID: 31931718 PMCID: PMC6956554 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-01316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are characterized by increased activation and aggregation, which tends to be associated with a high morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, a large proportion of DM2 patients show an inadequate response to standard antiplatelet treatments, contributing to recurrent cardiovascular events. In our previous study, we indicated that Salvianolic acid A (SAA) presents an antiplatelet effect in healthy volunteers. However, whether it can inhibit “activated platelets” with a pathologic status has not been explored. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antiplatelet effect of SAA and its diabetic complication-related difference in DM2. Methods Forty patients diagnosed with DM2 from January 2018 to April 2018 were recruited. Fibrinogen-binding (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62p) flow cytometry reagents were measured under resting and stimulated conditions by flow cytometry, while agonist-induced platelet aggregation was conducted by light transmission aggregometry. Before all these measurements were conducted, all platelet samples were preincubated with a vehicle or SAA for 10 min. Additionally, the diabetic complication-related difference in the antiplatelet effect of SAA was further studied in enrolled patients. Results The expressions of PAC-1 and CD62p were elevated in DM2, as well as the maximal platelet aggregation. In addition, SAA decreased the expressions of PAC-1 and CD62p, which were enhanced by ADP and thrombin (all P < 0.01). It also reduced the platelet aggregation induced by ADP (P < 0.001) and thrombin (P < 0.05). Comparing the antiplatelet effect of SAA on DM2, with and without diabetic complications, no statistically significant difference was found (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that SAA can inhibit platelet activation and aggregation in patients with DM2, and the inhibition did not abate for the existence of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ming Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Jia Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - En-Qian Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Hong Cai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le-Bing Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Lai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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Li QL, Yi SC, Li DZ, Nie XP, Li SQ, Wang MQ, Zhou AM. Optimization of reverse chemical ecology method: false positive binding of Aenasius bambawalei odorant binding protein 1 caused by uncertain binding mechanism. Insect Mol Biol 2018; 27:305-318. [PMID: 29381231 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are considered as the core molecular targets in reverse chemical ecology, which is a convenient and efficient method by which to screen potential semiochemicals. Herein, we identified a classic OBP, AbamOBP1 from Aenasius bambawalei, which showed high mRNA expression in male antennae. Fluorescence competitive binding assay (FCBA) results demonstrated that AbamOBP1 has higher binding affinity with ligands at acid pH, suggesting the physiologically inconsistent binding affinity of this protein. Amongst the four compounds with the highest binding affinities at acid pH, 2, 4, 4-trimethyl-2-pentene and 1-octen-3-one were shown to have attractant activity for male adults, whereas (-)-limonene and an analogue of 1-octen-3-ol exhibited nonbehavioural activity. Further homology modelling and fluorescence quenching experiments demonstrated that the stoichiometry of the binding of this protein to these ligands was not 1: 1, suggesting that the results of FCBA were false. In contrast, the apparent association constants (Ka) of fluorescence quenching experiments seemed to be more reliable, because 2, 4, 4-trimethyl-2-pentene and 1-octen-3-one had observably higher Ka than (-)-limonene and 1-octen-3-ol at neutral pH. Based on the characteristics of different OBPs, various approaches should be applied to study their binding affinities with ligands, which could modify and complement the results of FCBA and contribute to the application of reverse chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - S C Yi
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Z Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - X P Nie
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - S Q Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - M-Q Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - A M Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang PF, Li ZG, Zhang Y, Ju XH, Liu XW, Zhou AM, Chen J. NLRP6 Inflammasome Ameliorates Brain Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:206. [PMID: 28798666 PMCID: PMC5527702 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP6 inflammasome, one of the important intracellular innate immune sensors, has been shown to regulate immune responses. However, its roles in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are completely not clear. In the present study, we investigated the expression profile and biological roles of NLRP6 inflammasome in perihematomal brain tissues of mice subjected to ICH. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of NLRP6 inflammasome in the perihematomal brain tissues and explored the biological role of NLRP6 inflammasome upon acute brain injury in mice subjected to ICH. Increased expression of NLRP6 inflammasome was found in perihematomal brain tissues ranging from 6 h to 3 days, with a peak level at 1 day after ICH. Immunohistochemistry staining also showed that NLRP6 inflammasome was significantly increased in the perihematomal brain tissues at 1 day after ICH. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining showed that NLRP6 inflammasome was mainly colocalized in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, while with little colocalized expression in NeuN-positive neurons and without expression in CD11b-positive microglia and CD31-positive endothelial cell in the perihematomal brain tissue of mice after ICH. Furthermore, NLRP6-/- ICH mice exhibited significantly higher brain water contents (BMCs), proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB activity and neurological deficit scores when compared with the wild type (WT) ICH mice. In addition, we found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-/- mice, as well as the TAK242 treated mice, had markedly lower expression of NLRP6 inflammasome expression in the perihematomal brain tissue at 1 day after ICH. Our data suggest that the upregulated NLRP6 inflammasome in perihematomal brain tissues attenuates ICH-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Ju
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Xin-Wu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Ai-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal HospitalWeihai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of PLABaoji, China
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Zhang HB, Wang MS, Wang ZS, Zhou AM, Zhang XM, Dong XW, Peng QH. Supplementation dietary zinc levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and intramuscular fat deposition in weaned piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:69-77. [PMID: 25048402 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate dietary zinc (Zn) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in weaned piglets. Sixty piglets were randomly divided into five groups, as follows: control (basal diet), Zn250, Zn380, Zn570, and Zn760 with supplementation of 250, 380, 570, and 760 mg Zn/kg of the basal diet, respectively. The final weight, average daily gain (ADG), gain/feed (G/F), lean meat percentage, fat meat percentage, lean eye area, backfat thickness, and IMF content were dose-dependently increased in all groups of Zn treatment. The serum total triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly higher in all Zn treatments than in the control. The enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were markedly higher, while enzyme activities of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) were significantly lower in all Zn treatments than in the control. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), FAS, ACC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), LPL, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) were significantly higher, while the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and HSL were significantly lower in all Zn treatments compared with the control. These results indicated that high levels of Zn increased IMF accumulation by up-regulating intramuscular lipogenic and fatty acid transport gene expression and enzyme activities while down-regulating lipolytic gene expression and enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Xu GZ, Xu JY, Zhou AM, Jin CG, Mao GH, Shi YZ, Dong HJ, Yang YB. [Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Ningbo during 1988 - 2007]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2009; 30:252-256. [PMID: 19642380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in high epidemic areas. METHODS Reported data on typhoid and paratyphoid fever during 1988-2007 in Ningbo were analyzed epidemiologically. Shellfish from the market was collected for laboratory testing and Salmonella typhi strains collected from the patients were also studied. RESULTS Number of reported cases on both typhoid and paratyphoid fever was 19 404 with 7 deaths, from 1988 to 2007. The annual mean incidence was 17.68 per one hundred thousand with the fatality rate as 0.36 per thousand. Most cases were among adults aged 20-50 years and an obvious regional distribution was observed with high incidence seen in winter and spring. Since 1990s, the advantage strain had changed from Salmonella typhi to Salmonella paratyphi A. Etiologic studies showed that raw Anadara subcrenata and oyster were the main risk factors. One Salmonella paratyphi A strain was detected in both Anadara subcrenata and oysters collected from the market, which contained TEM-1 drug resistance gene. PFGE genotyping showed that PFGE-X2 was the strain which causing pandemic in Ningbo. CONCLUSION Eating contaminated raw shellfish like oysters and hairy clams was the primary risk factor, responsible for the outbreaks. Salmonella paratyphi A was the advantages pandemic strain in Ningbo. Strategies as supervision on personal hygiene and health education should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
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Chen XL, Huang SS, Yao YX, Li WB, Wang XL, Zhou AM. Promotion of pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis by sodium nitroprusside. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2001; 53:483-9. [PMID: 11930231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the proliferation and apoptosis and on Bcl-2, Bax and p53 proteins of pulmonary fibroblasts were investigated by using MTT cleavage assay, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analysis. The results showed increases in the optical density (550 nm) of MTT cleavage assay, the number of cells and the proliferation index (PI), in comparison with the control. The number of apoptotic cells was also increased, though the percentage of apoptotic cells was too low to reveal oligonucleosomal fragmentation of characteristic ladder pattern, which is associated with apoptosis. In the meantime, the level of Bcl-2 decreased and that of Bax increased, while the p53 remained unchanged. These results suggest that exogenous NO has a dual effect on proliferation and apoptosis; and the action of NO on pulmonary fibroblasts is mainly proliferative. Down regulation of Bcl-2 and up regulation of Bax are implicated in the molecular mechanisms of this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Zhou AM, Li QJ, Chen XL, Li WB. [Increase in amount and affinity of adenosine receptor in rat hippocampal cellular membranes induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning and its protective effects on the neurons]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2001; 53:265-9. [PMID: 11930203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of adenosine (ADO) receptor in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance, changes in amount and affinity of ADO receptor in rat hippocampal cellular membranes after transient ischemia were investigated using radioligand binding method. Ischemia for 6 min resulted in an apparent delayed neuron death (DND) in the hippocampus, while ischemia for 3 min did not cause DND. Preconditioning ischemia for 3 min could apparently decrease DND caused by ischemia for 6 min after the preconditioning at an interval of 1 d reperfusion. In correspondence with the histological changes, ischemia for 3 min caused an increase in amount and affinity of ADO receptor at 1 or 3 days after reperfusion (P<0.05 vs sham), while ischemia for 6 min caused a decrease in the amount and an increase in the affinity (P<0.05 vs sham). Compared with the rats suffering from ischemia for 6 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h and 1 or 3 d, the amount and affinity of ADO receptor increased in rats with preconditioning ischemia (3 min) 1 d before the ischemia for 6 min. The above results showed that cerebral ischemic preconditioning increased the amount and affinity of ADO receptor in hippocampal cellular membranes, and resisted the down-regulating of ADO receptor caused by severe ischemia, suggesting an important role of the increase in amount and affinity of ADO receptor in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017
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Zeng JB, Li WB, Li QJ, Chen XL, Zhou AM, Ling YL. [MK-801 attenuates NOS expression and NO content in the spinal cord of rats with inflammatory pain]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2001; 53:55-60. [PMID: 11354799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Using NADPH-d histochemistry, the effect of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was investigated during inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia induced by injection of formalin into the right hind paw. The course of the change in the nitric oxide (NO) content of the lumbar intumescence was observed by measuring the ratio of nitrate/nitrite (NO3T/NO2T) and also the end product of NO. The results showed that the NOS expression and NO contents significantly increased 24 h after formalin injection, which were substantially inhibited when MK-801 was intrathecally injected 15 min prior to formalin injection or 12 h after formalin injection. The results suggest that the increases in the expression of NOS and NO contents in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are mediated by activation of NMDA receptors during pain and hyperalgesia after formalin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Institute, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017
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Zhou AM, Tewari PC, Bluestein BI, Caldwell GW, Larsen FL. Multiple forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum: differences in immunorecognition by monoclonal and polyclonal assays. Clin Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/39.12.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is primarily complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). However, 12-15% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients present with the predominant form being uncomplexed (free) PSA (Lilja et al., Clin Chem 1991;37:1618-24). We report that commercial immunoassays demonstrate variations in reactivity, especially to the uncomplexed form. We fractionated and analyzed commercial controls, PSA complexes prepared in vitro, and sera from patients with PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia, using molecular sieve chromatography and Hybritech Tandem-R, Abbott IMx, and Ciba Corning ACS PSA assays. Peak integration of PCa samples demonstrated ACS:Tandem-R ratios of 1-1.3 for PSA/alpha 1-ACT complex. In contrast, ratios of uncomplexed peaks ranged from 2 to 4, suggesting a greater reactivity of the uncomplexed form in the ACS PSA assay. Discrepancies between assays, when PSA was measured in unfractionated sera, correlated directly with the percentage of the uncomplexed form. In controls, fractionation revealed the presence of uncomplexed PSA only, with ratios of ACS:Tandem-R and IMx:Tandem-R of 3:1 and 1.8:1, respectively. Immunoblots of PCa sera detected uncomplexed PSA (approximately 30 kDa) and PSA complexes of approximately 95 kDa (PSA/alpha 1-ACT) and > 200 kDa, indicative of alpha 2-macroglobulin. Maximal recognition of all forms of PSA may be important for early detection of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zhou
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
| | - P C Tewari
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
| | - B I Bluestein
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
| | - G W Caldwell
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
| | - F L Larsen
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
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Zhou AM, Tewari PC, Bluestein BI, Caldwell GW, Larsen FL. Multiple forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum: differences in immunorecognition by monoclonal and polyclonal assays. Clin Chem 1993; 39:2483-91. [PMID: 7504592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is primarily complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). However, 12-15% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients present with the predominant form being uncomplexed (free) PSA (Lilja et al., Clin Chem 1991;37:1618-24). We report that commercial immunoassays demonstrate variations in reactivity, especially to the uncomplexed form. We fractionated and analyzed commercial controls, PSA complexes prepared in vitro, and sera from patients with PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia, using molecular sieve chromatography and Hybritech Tandem-R, Abbott IMx, and Ciba Corning ACS PSA assays. Peak integration of PCa samples demonstrated ACS:Tandem-R ratios of 1-1.3 for PSA/alpha 1-ACT complex. In contrast, ratios of uncomplexed peaks ranged from 2 to 4, suggesting a greater reactivity of the uncomplexed form in the ACS PSA assay. Discrepancies between assays, when PSA was measured in unfractionated sera, correlated directly with the percentage of the uncomplexed form. In controls, fractionation revealed the presence of uncomplexed PSA only, with ratios of ACS:Tandem-R and IMx:Tandem-R of 3:1 and 1.8:1, respectively. Immunoblots of PCa sera detected uncomplexed PSA (approximately 30 kDa) and PSA complexes of approximately 95 kDa (PSA/alpha 1-ACT) and > 200 kDa, indicative of alpha 2-macroglobulin. Maximal recognition of all forms of PSA may be important for early detection of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zhou
- Oncology Programs, Cancer Care Diagnostics Product Development, Ciba Corning Diagnostics Corp., East Walpole, MA 02032
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SenGupta DN, Berkhout B, Gatignol A, Zhou AM, Silverman RH. Direct evidence for translational regulation by leader RNA and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:7492-6. [PMID: 2120701 PMCID: PMC54773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.19.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational effects of the RNA leader and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Hybrid RNA species with natural or mutated HIV-1 leader fused to human interferon- gamma mRNA were produced in vitro from recombinant plasmids. HIV-1 leader RNA was found to inhibit translation through two mechanisms. A 3-fold trans-inhibition of translation was demonstrated by mixing hybrid HIV-1 leader RNA with indicator interferon mRNA. By comparison, HIV-1 leader caused a 50-fold cis-inhibition in lysate in which two trans-inhibitory factors, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase, were suppressed. In contrast, purified HIV-1 Tat protein produced in Escherichia coli enhanced by 4-fold translation from HIV-1 leader-interferon mRNA but not from interferon mRNA lacking HIV sequences or from total poly(A)+ RNA. Translation of mRNA containing either a single base substitution in the loop of the "trans-acting responsive" sequence (TAR) or an alternative stem-loop in TAR was nevertheless stimulated by Tat. The enhancement of translation by Tat was largely due to relief of cis-inhibition, since the effect was found even in lysate in which double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase was inhibited with 2-aminopurine. These results suggest that translation is an important level of control in the replication cycle of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N SenGupta
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799
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Yang ZS, Huang NJ, Zhang CF, Li ZH, Zhou AM, Deng XQ, Zhou ZY. [The discovery and study on invasive strain of Escherichia coli O121]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1989; 29:216-21. [PMID: 2675472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A strain of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli was isolated from the stool with blood and mucus of a child suffering from acute diarrhea. The strain shows the following characteristics: rapid fermentation of glucose (with gas), no fermentation of lactose, beta-galactosidase reaction positive, growth in acetate media, lysine decarboxylase negative, non-motility causing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs and invading into epithelial cells, with a plasmid of 140 Md, Serotype is O121:H- which is a new serotype of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli.
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