1
|
Knowles C, Petrie L, Warren C, Lillico SG, Carlisle A, Whitelaw CBA, Kolb AF. Site specific insertion of a transgene into the murine α-casein (CSN1S1) gene results in the predictable expression of a recombinant protein in milk. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300287. [PMID: 38047759 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene loci of highly expressed genes provide ideal sites for transgene expression. Casein genes are highly expressed in mammals leading to the synthesis of substantial amounts of casein proteins in milk. The α-casein (CSN1S1) gene has assessed as a site of transgene expression in transgenic mice and a mammary gland cell line. A transgene encoding an antibody light chain gene (A1L) was inserted into the α-casein gene using sequential homologous and site-specific recombination. Expression of the inserted transgene is directed by the α-casein promoter, is responsive to lactogenic hormone activation, leads to the synthesis of a chimeric α-casein/A1L transgene mRNA, and secretion of the recombinant A1L protein into milk. Transgene expression is highly consistent in all transgenic lines, but lower than that of the α-casein gene (4%). Recombinant A1L protein accounted for 0.5% and 1.6% of total milk protein in heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice, respectively. The absence of the α-casein protein in homozygous A1L transgenic mice leads to a reduction of total milk protein and delayed growth of the pups nursed by these mice. Overall, the data demonstrate that the insertion of a transgene into a highly expressed endogenous gene is insufficient to guarantee its abundant expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Knowles
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Petrie
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire Warren
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ailsa Carlisle
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andreas F Kolb
- Nutrition, Obesity and Disease Research Theme, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ogedegbe C, Carlisle A, Dave P, De Vinck D, Kaul S, Nyirenda T, Feldman J. 272 Efficacy of Topical Perfluoro t-butylcyclohexane, Oxygen-Saturated Gel in a Model of Delayed Wound Healing: Partial Thickness Burn Wound With Pseudomonas Infection in Swine. Ann Emerg Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
3
|
Huber RC, Kolb AF, Lillico S, Carlisle A, Sandøe P, Sørensen DB, Remuge L, Whitelaw BCA, Olsson AIS. Behaviour of postnatally growth-impaired mice during malnutrition and after partial weight recovery. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:125-34. [DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
4
|
Turner K, Bavan B, Carlisle A, Reynolds-May M, Manber R, Westphal L. Stress Reduction during In Vitro Fertilization. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Kolb AF, Huber RC, Lillico SG, Carlisle A, Robinson CJ, Neil C, Petrie L, Sorensen DB, Olsson IAS, Whitelaw CBA. Milk lacking α-casein leads to permanent reduction in body size in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21775. [PMID: 21789179 PMCID: PMC3138747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major physiological function of milk is the transport of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and minerals to mammalian offspring. Caseins, the major milk proteins, are secreted in the form of a micelle consisting of protein and calcium-phosphate. We have analysed the role of the milk protein α-casein by inactivating the corresponding gene in mice. Absence of α-casein protein significantly curtails secretion of other milk proteins and calcium-phosphate, suggesting a role for α-casein in the establishment of casein micelles. In contrast, secretion of albumin, which is not synthesized in the mammary epithelium, into milk is not reduced. The absence of α-casein also significantly inhibits transcription of the other casein genes. α-Casein deficiency severely delays pup growth during lactation and results in a life-long body size reduction compared to control animals, but has only transient effects on physical and behavioural development of the pups. The data support a critical role for α-casein in casein micelle assembly. The results also confirm lactation as a critical window of metabolic programming and suggest milk protein concentration as a decisive factor in determining adult body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Kolb
- Molecular Recognition Group, Hannah Research Institute, Ayr, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ritchie WA, Taylor JE, Gardner JO, Wilmut I, Carlisle A, Neil C, King T, Whitelaw CBA. Live Lambs Born from Zona-Pellucida Denuded Embryos. Cloning and Stem Cells 2005; 7:178-82. [PMID: 16176127 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2005.7.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress with techniques using zona-pellucida denuded embryos has resulted in the birth of live cattle, pigs, and mice. The application of zona-free methods in sheep has been restricted to in vitro studies. In this report, we demonstrate that live lambs can be produced from zona-free IVF embryos. We are pursuing this method as a prerequisite to developing viral vector co-culture delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Ritchie
- Department of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Whitelaw CBA, Radcliffe PA, Ritchie WA, Carlisle A, Ellard FM, Pena RN, Rowe J, Clark AJ, King TJ, Mitrophanous KA. Efficient generation of transgenic pigs using equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) derived vector. FEBS Lett 2004; 571:233-6. [PMID: 15280048 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods of transgene delivery in livestock are inefficient. Recently, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) based lentiviral vectors have been shown to offer an efficient transgene delivery system. We now extend this method by demonstrating efficient generation of transgenic pigs using an equine infectious anaemia virus derived vector. We used this vector to deliver a green fluorescent protein expressing transgene; 31% of injected/transferred eggs resulted in a transgenic founder animal and 95% of founder animals displayed green fluorescence. This compares favourably with results using HIV-1 based vectors, and is substantially more efficient than the standard pronuclear microinjection method, indicating that lentiviral transgene delivery may be a general tool with which to efficiently generate transgenic mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bruce A Whitelaw
- Department of Gene Function and Development, Roslin Institute, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Backx K, McNaughton L, Crickmore L, Palmer G, Carlisle A. Effects of differing heat and humidity on the performance and recovery from multiple high intensity, intermittent exercise bouts. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21:400-5. [PMID: 10961514 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different conditions of heat and humidity on two multiple bouts of high intensity cycling with 60 min recovery between each bout. Eight males (age: 25.5+/-1.8 yr, height: 179.0+/-3.7 cm; weight: 72.3+/-4.0 kg; VO2peak: 51.5+/-2.4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), Peak Aerobic Power: 366+/-13 W) volunteered for this study. After undertaking VO2peak testing, all participated randomly, in three consecutive 30 s Wingate tests in three different environmental conditions being: Normal (22 degrees C/30% RH), Wet (30 degrees C/85% RH), and Hot (40 degrees C/40% RH). Subjects were then monitored for the 60 min post-exercise period after which time they repeated the Wingate tests and were again monitored for 60 min. Blood samples were taken pre, immediately post exercise, and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min into each of the recovery periods and analysed for lactate, pH, and hematocrit. Heart rate was monitored continuously throughout exercise (5 s average) and recovery (60 s average). Weight was measured pre exercise and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min post-exercise. Urine samples were collected at the same time and analysed for osmolality. The results of the experiment indicated that environmental conditions had no effect on the performance of either series 1 or 2 Wingate tests. Neither were there any changes in weight throughout the three conditions or across the condition. Post exercise pH levels were lower than pre exercise values (p < 0.0001) and the reverse was true for blood lactate levels (p < 0.0003). We conclude that anaerobic exercise is not unduly affected by hot or humid conditions when subjects can re-hydrate according to decreases in body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Backx
- Sports Science, Kingston University, England
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Savory C, Carlisle A, Maxwell M, Mitchell M, Robertson G. Stress, arousal and opioid peptide-like immunoreactivity in restricted- and ad lib.-fed broiler breeder fowls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Abstract
Analysis of rhesus monkey alphoid DNA suggests that it arose by tandem duplication of an ancestral monomer unit followed by independent variation within two adjacent monomers (one becoming more divergent than the other) before their amplification as a dimer unit to produce tandem arrays. The rhesus monkey alphoid DNA is a tandemly repeated, 343-bp dimer; the consensus dimer is over 98% homologous to the alphoid dimers reported for baboon and bonnet monkey, 81% homologous to the African green monkey alpha monomer, and less than 70% homologous to the more divergent human alphoid DNAs. The consensus dimer consists of two wings (I and II, 172 and 171 bp, respectively) that are only 70% homologous to each other, but share seven regions of exact homology. These same regions are highly conserved among the consensus sequences of the other cercopithecid alphoid DNAs. The three alpha-protein binding sites reported for African green monkey alpha DNA by F. Strauss and A. Varshavsky (Cell 37: 889-901, 1984) occur in wings I and II, but with one site altered in wing I. Two cloned dimer segments are 98% homologous to the consensus, each containing 8 single-base-pair differences within the 343-bp segment. Surprisingly, 37% of these differences occur in regions that are evolutionarily conserved in the alphoid consensus sequences, including the alpha-protein binding sites. Sequence variation in this highly repetitive DNA family may produce unique nucleosomal architectures for different members of an alphoid array. These unique architectures may modulate the evolution of these repetitive DNAs and may produce unique centromeric characteristics in primate chromosomes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Carlisle A. Mr. Carlisle's Case of Strangulated Hernia. Med Phys J 1804; 12:337-338. [PMID: 30491599 PMCID: PMC5674325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|
13
|
Carlisle A. To Dr. Batty. Med Phys J 1801; 6:477-478. [PMID: 30491151 PMCID: PMC5671009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Carlisle A. Observations on Simple Fractures Where the Union Fails. THE MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL JOURNAL 1801; 6:201-203. [PMID: 30491043 PMCID: PMC5670894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Carlisle A. Account of the Use of an Instrument for Cutting the Cornea, in the Operation of Extracting a Cataract. Med Phys J 1799; 1:332-333. [PMID: 30489915 PMCID: PMC5650778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Carlisle A. A New Method of Applying the Tourniquet, to Restrain Arterial Hemorrhages from the Lower Extremities. Med Phys J 1799; 1:23-24. [PMID: 30489989 PMCID: PMC5650868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
|