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Hardison E, Bloomer A, Wally MK, McArthur E, Hsu JR, Bear S, Jarrett S, Roomian T, Sullivan DM, Wold K, Yu Z, Odum S, Seymour RB. Implementation of required sedation assessment in nursing workflow to address naloxone utilization. J Opioid Manag 2023; 19:247-255. [PMID: 37145927 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2023.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opioid-related adverse drug events continue to occur. This study aimed to characterize the patient population receiving naloxone to inform future intervention efforts. DESIGN We describe a case series of patients who received naloxone in the hospital during a 16-week time frame in 2016. Data were collected on other administered medications, reason for admission to the hospital, pre-existing diagnoses, comorbidities, and demographics. SETTING Twelve hospitals within a large healthcare system. PATIENTS 46,952 patients were admitted during the study period. 31.01 percent (n = 14,558) of patients received opioids, of which 158 received naloxone. INTERVENTION Administration of naloxone. Main outcome of interest: Sedation assessment via Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale (POSS), administration of sedating medications. RESULTS POSS score was documented prior to opioid administration in 93 (58.9 percent) patients. Less than half of patients had a POSS documented prior to naloxone administration with 36.8 percent documented 4 hours prior. 58.2 percent of patients received multimodal pain therapy with other nonopioid medications. Most patients received more than one sedating medication concurrently (n = 142, 89.9 percent). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight areas for intervention to prevent opioid oversedation. Investing in electronic clinical decision support mechanisms, such as sedation assessment, could detect patients at risk for oversedation and ultimately prevent the need for naloxone. Coordinated order sets for pain management can reduce the percentage of patients receiving multiple sedating medications and promote the use of multimodal pain management in efforts to reduce opioid reliance while optimizing pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hardison
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Ainsley Bloomer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Meghan K Wally
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Erica McArthur
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital Columbia University, New York; Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Joseph R Hsu
- Vice Chair of Quality, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Susan Bear
- Pharmacy Services, Administration of Pharmacy, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Steven Jarrett
- Medication Safety Officer, Patient Safety, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Tamar Roomian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - D Matthew Sullivan
- Quality & Care, Information and Analytic Services, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Caro-lina
| | - Karon Wold
- Department of Surgical Services, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Ziqing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Susan Odum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Rachel B Seymour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Bloomer A, Wally M, Bailey G, Roomian T, Karunakar M, Hsu JR, Seymour R, Beuhler M, Bosse M, Gibbs M, Griggs C, Jarrett S, Leas D, Odum S, Runyon M, Saha A, Yu Z, Watling B, Wyatt S. Balancing Safety, Comfort, and Fall Risk: An Intervention to Limit Opioid and Benzodiazepine Prescriptions for Geriatric Patients. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2022; 13:21514593221125616. [PMID: 36250188 PMCID: PMC9561667 DOI: 10.1177/21514593221125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study reports on the impact of a clinical decision support tool embedded
in the electronic medical record and characterizes the demographics,
prescribing patterns, and risk factors associated with opioid and
benzodiazepine misuse in the older adult population. Significance This study reports on prescribing patterns for patients ≥65 years-old who
presented to Emergency Departments (ED) or Urgent Care (UC) facilities
across a large healthcare system following a fall (n = 34,334 encounters; n
= 25,469 patients). This system implemented a clinical decision support
intervention which provides an alert when the patient has an evidence-based
risk factor for prescription drug misuse; prescribers can continue, amend or
cancel the prescription. Results Of older adults presenting with a fall, 31.4% (N = 7986) received an opioid
or benzodiazepine prescription. Women and younger patients (65-74) had a
higher likelihood of receiving a prescription (P <
.0001). 11% had ≥1 risk factor. Women were more likely to receive an early
refill (P = .0002) and younger (65-74) men were more likely
to have a past positive toxicology (P < .0001). A
prescription was initiated in 8,591 encounters, and 946 (9.0%) triggered an
alert. In 58 cases, the alert resulted in a prescription modification, and
in 80 the prescription was canceled. Conclusions Documented risk for opioid misuse in the elderly was 10% among patients
presenting to the ED/UC after a fall. The dangers associated with
opioid/benzodiazepine use increase with age as does fall risk. Awareness of
risk factors is an important first step; more work is needed to address
potentially hazardous prescriptions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Bloomer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Wally
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Gisele Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Tamar Roomian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Madhav Karunakar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Joseph R Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Seymour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA,Rachel B Seymour, Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Atrium Health, 1320 Scott Ave, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA.
| | | | - Michael Bosse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael Gibbs
- Department of Emergency Medicine,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Leas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Susan Odum
- OrthoCarolina Research
Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael Runyon
- Department of Emergency Medicine,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Animita Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ziquing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Atrium
Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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