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Song J, Taraban M, Yu YB, Lu L, Biswas PG, Xu W, Xi H, Bhambhani A, Hu G, Su Y. In-situ biophysical characterization of high-concentration protein formulations using wNMR. MAbs 2024; 16:2304624. [PMID: 38299343 PMCID: PMC10841025 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2304624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High-concentration protein formulation is of paramount importance in patient-centric drug product development, but it also presents challenges due to the potential for enhanced aggregation and increased viscosity. The analysis of critical quality attributes often necessitates the transfer of samples from their primary containers together with sample dilution. Therefore, there is a demand for noninvasive, in situ biophysical methods to assess protein drug products directly in primary sterile containers, such as prefilled syringes, without dilution. In this study, we introduce a novel application of water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR) to evaluate the aggregation propensity of a high-concentration drug product, Dupixent® (dupilumab), under stress conditions. wNMR results demonstrate a concentration-dependent, reversible association of dupilumab in the commercial formulation, as well as irreversible aggregation when exposed to accelerated thermal stress, but gradually reversible aggregation when exposed to freeze and thaw cycles. Importantly, these results show a strong correlation with data obtained from established biophysical analytical tools widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of wNMR represents a promising approach for in situ noninvasive analysis of high-concentration protein formulations directly in their primary containers, providing valuable insights for drug development and quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Marc Taraban
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Y. Bruce Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Pallavi Guha Biswas
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Hanmi Xi
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Guangli Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
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Taraban MB, Briggs KT, Yu YB, Jones MT, Rosner L, Bhambhani A, Williams DM, Farrell C, Reibarkh M, Su Y. Assessing Antigen-Adjuvant Complex Stability Against Physical Stresses By wNMR. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1435-1446. [PMID: 36414838 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study applies an emerging analytical technology, wNMR (water proton nuclear magnetic resonance), to assess the stability of aluminum adjuvants and antigen-adjuvant complexes against physical stresses, including gravitation, flow and freeze/thaw. Results from wNMR are verified by conventional analytical technologies, including static light scattering and microfluidic imaging. The results show that wNMR can quickly and noninvasively determine whether an aluminum adjuvant or antigen-adjuvant complex sample has been altered by physical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B Taraban
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Katharine T Briggs
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA
| | - Yihua Bruce Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.
| | | | | | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
- Biologics and mRNA Drug Product Development, Tech Dev/Tech Ops, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Brisbane, California, 94005, USA.
| | - Donna M Williams
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Christopher Farrell
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
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Bogner R, Gong E, Kessler W, Hinds M, Manchanda A, Yoon S, Liu H, Marx R, Zhao J, Sharma P, Bhambhani A, Stanbro J, Alexeenko A, Kazarin P. A Software Tool for Lyophilization Primary Drying Process Development and Scale-up Including Process Heterogeneity, I: Laboratory-Scale Model Testing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:274. [PMID: 34773199 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-drying is a deceptively complex operation requiring sophisticated design of a robust and efficient process that includes understanding and planning for heterogeneity across the batch and shifts in parameters due to vial or lyophilizer changes. A software tool has been designed to assist in process development and scale-up based on a model that includes consideration of the process heterogeneity. Two drug formulations were used to test the ability of the new tool to develop a freeze-drying cycle and correctly predict product temperatures and drying times. Model inputs were determined experimentally, and the primary drying heterogeneous freeze-drying model was used to design drying cycles that provided data to verify the accuracy of model-predicted product temperature and primary drying time. When model inputs were accurate, model-predicted primary drying times were within 0.1 to 15.9% of experimentally measured values, and product temperature accuracy was between 0.2 and 1.2°C for three vial locations, center, inner edge, and outer edge. However, for some drying cycles, differences in vial heat transfer coefficients due to changes in shelf and product temperature as well as altered product resistance due to product temperature-dependent microcollapse increased inaccuracy (up to 28.6% difference in primary drying time and 5.1°C difference in product temperature). This highlights the need for careful determination of experimental conditions used to calculate model inputs. In future efforts, full characterization of location- and shelf temperature-dependentKv as well as location- and product temperature-dependentRp will enhance the accuracy of the predictions by the model within the user-friendly software.
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Jameel F, Alexeenko A, Bhambhani A, Sacha G, Zhu T, Tchessalov S, Sharma P, Moussa E, Iyer L, Luthra S, Srinivasan J, Tharp T, Azzarella J, Kazarin P, Jalal M. Recommended Best Practices for Lyophilization Validation 2021 Part II: Process Qualification and Continued Process Verification. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:266. [PMID: 34750693 PMCID: PMC8575750 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the lyophilization process validation and consists of two parts. Part one (Part I: Process Design and Modeling) focuses on the process design and is described in the previous paper, while the current paper is devoted to process qualification and continued process verification. The goal of the study is to show the cutting edge of lyophilization validation based on the integrated community-based opinion and the industrial perspective. This study presents best practices for batch size determination and includes the effect of batch size on drying time, process parameters selection strategies, and batch size overage to compensate for losses during production. It also includes sampling strategies to demonstrate batch uniformity as well as the use of statistical models to ensure adequate sampling. Based on the LyoHUB member organizations survey, the best practices in determining the number of PPQ runs are developed including the bracketing approach with minimum and maximum loads. Standard practice around CQA and CPP selection is outlined and shows the advantages of using control charts and run charts for process trending and quality control. The case studies demonstrating the validation strategy for monoclonal antibody and the impact of the loading process on the lyophilization cycle and product quality as well as the special case of lyophilization for dual-chamber cartridge system are chosen to illustrate the process validation. The standard practices in the validation of the lyophilization process, special lyophilization processes, and their impact on the validation strategy are discussed.
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Jameel F, Alexeenko A, Bhambhani A, Sacha G, Zhu T, Tchessalov S, Kumar L, Sharma P, Moussa E, Iyer L, Fang R, Srinivasan J, Tharp T, Azzarella J, Kazarin P, Jalal M. Correction to: Recommended Best Practices for Lyophilization Validation-2021 Part I: Process Design and Modeling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:250. [PMID: 34664114 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Jameel F, Alexeenko A, Bhambhani A, Sacha G, Zhu T, Tchessalov S, Kumar L, Sharma P, Moussa E, Iyer L, Fang R, Srinivasan J, Tharp T, Azzarella J, Kazarin P, Jalal M. Recommended Best Practices for Lyophilization Validation-2021 Part I: Process Design and Modeling. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:221. [PMID: 34409506 PMCID: PMC8373746 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This work describes lyophilization process validation and consists of two parts. Part I focuses on the process design and is described in the current paper, while part II is devoted to process qualification and continued process verification. The intent of these articles is to provide readers with recent updates on lyophilization validation in the light of community-based combined opinion on the process and reflect the industrial prospective. In this paper, the design space approach for process design is described in details, and examples from practice are provided. The approach shows the relationship between the process inputs; it is based on first principles and gives a thorough scientific understanding of process and product. The lyophilization process modeling and scale-up are also presented showing the impact of facility, equipment, and vial heat transfer coefficient. The case studies demonstrating the effect of batch sizes, fill volume, and dose strength to show the importance of modeling as well as the effect of controlled nucleation on product resistance are discussed. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Bhambhani A, Stanbro J, Roth D, Sullivan E, Jones M, Evans R, Blue J. Evaluation of Microwave Vacuum Drying as an Alternative to Freeze-Drying of Biologics and Vaccines: the Power of Simple Modeling to Identify a Mechanism for Faster Drying Times Achieved with Microwave. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:52. [PMID: 33469785 PMCID: PMC7814865 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vial-based lyophilization for biopharmaceuticals has been an indispensable cornerstone process for over 50 years. However, the process is not without significant challenges. Capital costs to realize a lyophilized drug product facility, for example, are very high. Similarly, heat and mass transfer limitations inherent in lyophilization result in drying cycle on the order of several days while putting practical constraints on available formulation space, such as solute mass percentage or fill volume in a vial. Through collaboration with an external partner, we are exploring microwave vacuum drying (MVD) as a faster drying process to vial lyophilization wherein the heat transfer process occurs by microwave radiation instead of pure conduction from the vial. Drying using this radiative process demonstrates greater than 80% reduction in drying time over traditional freeze-drying times while maintaining product activity and stability. Such reduction in freeze-drying process times from days to several hours is a welcome change as it enables flexible manufacturing by being able to better react to changes either in terms of product volume for on-demand manufacturing scenarios or facilities for production (e.g., scale-out over scale-up). Additionally, by utilizing first-principle modeling coupled with experimental verification, a mechanism for faster drying times associated with MVD is proposed in this article. This research, to the best of our knowledge, forms the very first report of utilizing microwave vacuum drying for vaccines while utilizing the power of simplified models to understand drying principles associated with MVD.
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Mensch C, Chintala R, Nawrocki D, Blue JT, Bhambhani A. Enabling Lyophilized Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Through Formulation Design and Excipient Selection Suitable for A Multivalent Adjuvanted Vaccine. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:97-107. [PMID: 33164785 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite a consistent benefit of existing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia across different epidemiological settings a tremendous gap exists towards global PCV coverage. Currently, no lyophilized dosage form exists in the PCV global vaccine marketplace and currently licensed vaccines target some, but not all relevant serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The development of lyophilized presentations of an adjuvanted multivalent vaccine formulation that aligns with the evolving epidemiological assessment of the pneumococcal disease offers broader coverage with distinct cold chain and thermostability advantages. To make progress towards this goal, we evaluated the feasibility of developing new formulation to enable a lyophilized adjuvanted PCV vaccine containing 15 different serotypes. Our findings successfully demonstrate a formulation design space that enables enhanced physical stability which controls vaccine agglomeration, preserves in-vitro vaccine potency, maintains PCV antigen adsorption, and yields elegant lyophilized cakes with acceptable clinically relevant reconstitution times. This research also demonstrates the benefit of utilizing specific vaccine formulation excipients and the effectiveness of excipient combinations that may be beneficial for other multivalent adjuvant containing vaccines to enable novel lyophilized formulations necessary for improved global vaccine access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mensch
- Biologics and Vaccines Analytical, MMD, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ramesh Chintala
- Global Vaccines Technical Operations, MMD, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Denise Nawrocki
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Blue
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Vaccine Drug Product Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA.
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Meyer BK, Kendall MAF, Williams DM, Bett AJ, Dubey S, Gentzel RC, Casimiro D, Forster A, Corbett H, Crichton M, Baker SB, Evans RK, Bhambhani A. Immune response and reactogenicity of an unadjuvanted intradermally delivered human papillomavirus vaccine using a first generation Nanopatch™ in rhesus macaques: An exploratory, pre-clinical feasibility assessment. Vaccine X 2019; 2:100030. [PMID: 31384745 PMCID: PMC6668242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 9-valent, recombinant vaccine (Gardasil™9) helps protect young adults (males and females) against anogenital cancers and genital warts caused by certain HPV genotypes (ref. Gardasil™9 insert). This vaccine is administered intramuscularly (IM). The aim of this study was to determine preclinically whether intradermal (ID) vaccination with an unadjuvanted 9-valent recombinant HPV vaccine using a first-generation ID delivery device, the Nanopatch™, could enhance vaccine immunogenicity compared with the traditional ID route (Mantoux technique). IM injection of HPV VLPs formulated with Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Alum Adjuvant (MAA) were included in the rhesus study for comparison. The Nanopatch™ prototype contains a high-density array comprised of 10,000 microprojections/cm2, each 250 µm long. It was hypothesized the higher density array with shallower ID delivery may be superior to the Mantoux technique. To test this hypothesis, HPV VLPs without adjuvant were coated on the Nanopatch™, stability of the Nanopatch™ with unadjuvanted HPV VLPs were evaluated under accelerated conditions, skin delivery was verified using radiolabelled VLPs or FluoSpheres®, and the immune response and skin site reaction with the Nanopatch™ was evaluated in rhesus macaques. The immune response induced by Nanopatch™ administration, measured as HPV-specific binding antibodies, was similar to that induced using the Mantoux technique. It was also observed that a lower dose of unadjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator or Mantoux technique resulted in an immune response that was significantly lower compared to a higher-dose of alum adjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered IM in rhesus macaques. The study also indicated unadjuvanted HPV VLPs could be delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator to the skin in 15 s with a transfer efficiency of approximately 20%. This study is the first demonstration of patch administration in non-human primates with a vaccine composed of HPV VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Meyer
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Donna M Williams
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sheri Dubey
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Renee C Gentzel
- Movement Disorders and Translation, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Danilo Casimiro
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Holly Corbett
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Crichton
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - S Ben Baker
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert K Evans
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Bhambhani A, Kissmann JM, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Kashi RS, Russell Middaugh C. Formulation Design and High-Throughput Excipient Selection Based on Structural Integrity and Conformational Stability of Dilute and Highly Concentrated IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody Solutions. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1120-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mach H, Bhambhani A, Meyer BK, Burek S, Davis H, Blue JT, Evans RK. The use of flow cytometry for the detection of subvisible particles in therapeutic protein formulations. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1671-8. [PMID: 21374606 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The amount, identity, and size distribution of particles in parenteral therapeutic protein formulations are of immense interest due to potential safety and efficacy-related implications. In this communication, we describe the use of a flow cytometer equipped with forward- and side-scattering as well as fluorescence detectors, to determine the number of subvisible particles in monoclonal antibody formulations. The method appears to detect particles of size 1 μ and larger, requiring relatively small sample volumes to estimate subvisible particle counts. Additionally, it facilitates differentiation of proteinaceous particles after staining with a fluorescent hydrophobic dye. The method is expected to be particularly well suited for pharmaceutical development, because it provides increased throughput due to the use of a 96-well autosampler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Mach
- Merck Research Laboratories, Bioprocess Analytical and Formulation Sciences, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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Samra HS, He F, Bhambhani A, Pipkin J, Zimmerer R, Joshi SB, Russell Middaugh C. The Effects of Substituted Cyclodextrins on the Colloidal and Conformational Stability of Selected Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2800-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bhambhani A, Chah S, Hvastkovs EG, Jensen GC, Rusling JF, Zare RN, Kumar CV. Folding control and unfolding free energy of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c bound to layered zirconium phosphate materials monitored by surface plasmon resonance. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9201-8. [PMID: 18598069 DOI: 10.1021/jp7121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The free energy change (Delta G degrees ) for the unfolding of immobilized yeast iso-1-cytochrome c (Cyt c) at nanoassemblies was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. Data show that SPR is sensitive to protein conformational changes, and protein solid interface exerts a major influence on bound protein stability. First, Cyt c was self-assembled on the Au film via the single thiol of Cys-102. Then, crystalline sheets of layered alpha-Zr(O(3)POH)(2).H(2)O (alpha-ZrP) or Zr(O(3)PCH(2)CH(2)COOH)(2).xH(2)O (alpha-ZrCEP) were adsorbed to construct alpha-ZrP/Cyt c/Au or alpha-ZrCEP/Cyt c/Au nanoassemblies. The construction of each layer was monitored by SPR, in real time, and the assemblies were further characterized by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical studies. Thermodynamic stability of the protein nanoassembly was assessed by urea-induced unfolding. Surprisingly, unfolding is reversible in all cases studied here. Stability of Cyt c in alpha-ZrP/Cyt c/Au increased by approximately 4.3 kJ/mol when compared to the unfolding free energy of Cyt c/Au assembly. In contrast, the protein stability decreased by approximately 1.5 kJ/mol for alpha-ZrCEP/Cyt c/Au layer. Thus, OH-decorated surfaces stabilized the protein whereas COOH-decorated surfaces destabilized it. These data quantitate the role of specific functional groups of the inorganic layers in controlling bound protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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15
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Duff MR, Tan WB, Bhambhani A, Perrin BS, Thota J, Rodger A, Kumar CV. Contributions of Hydroxyethyl Groups to the DNA Binding Affinities of Anthracene Probes. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:20693-701. [PMID: 17034261 DOI: 10.1021/jp063997m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contributions of hydroxyethyl functions to the DNA binding affinities of substituted anthracenes are evaluated by calorimetry and spectroscopy. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that binding of the ligands to calf thymus DNA (5 mM Tris buffer, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.2, 25 degrees C) is exothermic. The binding constants increased from 1.5 x 10(4) to 1.7 x 10(6) M(-1) as a function of increase in the number of hydroxyethyl functions (0-4). DNA binding was accompanied by red-shifted absorption (approximately 630 cm(-1)), strong hypochromism (>65%), positive induced-circular dichroism bands, and negative linear dichroism signals. DNA binding, in general, increased the helix stabilities to a significant extent (DeltaT(m) approximately 7 degrees C, DeltaDeltaH approximately 3 kcal/mol, DeltaDeltaS approximately 6-20 cal/K.mol). The binding constants showed a strong correlation with the number of hydroxyethyl groups present on the anthracene ring system. Analysis of the binding data using the hydrophobicity parameter (Log P) showed a poor correlation between the binding affinity and hydrophobicity. This observation was also supported by a comparison of the affinities of probes carrying N-ethyl (Kb = 0.8 x 10(5) M(-1)) versus N-hydroxyethyl side chains (Kb = 5.5 x 10(5) M(-1)). These are the very first examples of a strong quantitative correlation between the DNA binding affinity of a probe and the number of hydroxyethyl groups present on the probe. These quantitative findings are useful in the rational design of new ligands for high-affinity binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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Tan WB, Bhambhani A, Duff MR, Rodger A, Kumar CV. Spectroscopic identification of binding modes of anthracene probes and DNA sequence recognition. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:20-30. [PMID: 16194126 DOI: 10.1562/2005-05-24-ra-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The binding properties of two anthracene derivatives with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA), poly(dA-dT), and poly(dG) x poly(dC) are reported. One contained bulky, cyclic cationic substituents at the 9 and 10 positions, and the other carried acylic, branched, cationic substituents. Binding of the probes to the DNA was examined by calorimetry, spectroscopy and helix melting studies. The cyclic derivative indicated exothermic binding, strong hypochromism, bathochromism, positive induced circular dichroism (CD, 300-400 nm), significant unwinding of the helix, large increases in the helix melting temperature, strong but negative linear dichroism (LD, 300-400 nm) and considerable stabilization of the helix. In contrast, the acyclic analog indicated thermoneutral binding, smaller hypochromism, no bathochromism, very weak induced CD, and no change in the helix melting temperature with any of the DNA polymers. A sharp distinction between the binding properties of the two probes is indicated, and both have intrinsic binding constants of approximately 10(6) M(-1) for the three polymers. However, when the ionic strength of the medium was lowered (10 mM NaCl), the absorption as well as CD spectral changes associated with the binding of the acyclic derivative corresponded with those of the cyclic derivative. The acyclic derivative showed large preference (10-fold) for poly(dG) x poly(dC) over poly(dA-dT), whereas the cyclic analog showed no preference. The characteristic spectroscopic signatures of the two distinct binding modes of these probes will be helpful in deciphering the interaction of other anthracene derivatives with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy B Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Tan WB, Cheng W, Webber A, Bhambhani A, Duff MR, Kumar CV, McLendon GL. Endonuclease-like activity of heme proteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:790-9. [PMID: 16208493 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins, metmyoglobin, methemoglobin, and metcytochrome c showed unusual affinity for double-stranded DNA. Calorimetric studies show that binding of methemoglobin to calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) is weakly endothermic, and the binding constant is 4.9+/-0.7x10(5) M(-1). The Soret absorption bands of the heme proteins remained unchanged, in the presence of excess CTDNA, but a new circular dichroic band appeared at 210 nm. Helix melting studies indicated that the protein-DNA mixture denatures at a lower temperature than the individual components. Thermograms obtained by differential scanning calorimetry of the mixture indicated two distinct transitions, which are comparable to the thermograms obtained for individual components, but there was a reduction in the excess heat capacity. Activation of heme proteins by hydrogen peroxide resulted in the formation of high valent Fe(IV) oxo intermediates, and CTDNA reacted rapidly under these conditions. The rate was first-order in DNA concentration, and this reactivity resulted in DNA strand cleavage. Upon activation with hydrogen peroxide, for example, the heme proteins converted the supercoiled pUC18 DNA into nicked circular and linear DNA. No reaction occurred in the absence of the heme protein, or hydrogen peroxide. These data clearly indicate a novel property of several heme proteins, and this is first report of the endonuclease-like activity of the heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy B Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Hazra DK, Khanna A, Bhambhani A, Sachan A. Acute heat illnesses. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; Suppl 2:58-9. [PMID: 11235622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D K Hazra
- Dept. of Medicine, SN Medical College, Agra
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Ford WR, Menon V, Bhambhani A, Liyanage R, Khan MI, Jugdutt BI. Changes in myocardial density during postinfarction healing: effect on estimation of in vivo left ventricular mass by echocardiographic imaging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/y97-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ford WR, Menon V, Bhambhani A, Liyanage R, Khan MI, Jugdutt BI. Changes in myocardial density during postinfarction healing: effect on estimation of in vivo left ventricular mass by echocardiographic imaging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75:1075-82. [PMID: 9365816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether changes in density (rho) of infarct and noninfarct zones during healing and remodeling after myocardial infarction influence estimates of left ventricular mass and detection of temporal changes by imaging, we measured weights (g) and volumes (mL) of infarct, noninfarct, and mixed tissue in hearts removed 1 to 42 days after anterior infarction in three groups of dogs: nonreperfused infarction treated with placebo or captopril, or infarcts reperfused after 2 h. In vivo mass was calculated from in vivo diastolic myocardial volumes (echocardiograms) and an assumed density of 1.05 g/mL or actual values derived from tissue weights and volumes. Over the 42 days, actual density deviated more from the assumed value of 1.05 in infarct than noninfarct zones, and the overall density was higher for reperfused than nonreperfused ventricles (1.09 vs. 1.06 g/mL, p < 0.01). Correction for density improved the correlation between absolute in vivo and postmortem mass slightly but not the detection of relative changes in mass in control, captopril, or reperfusion groups. These findings suggest that (i) densities of infarct and noninfarct zones differ and change during healing, especially after reperfusion, and (ii) correction for density provides more accurate estimates of volume-derived mass in reperfused hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Ford
- Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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