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Stueckle TA, Jensen J, Coyle JP, Derk R, Wagner A, Dinu CZ, Kornberg TG, Friend SA, Dozier A, Agarwal S, Gupta RK, Rojanasakul LW. In vitro inflammation and toxicity assessment of pre- and post-incinerated organomodified nanoclays to macrophages using high-throughput screening approaches. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:16. [PMID: 38509617 PMCID: PMC10956245 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organomodified nanoclays (ONC), two-dimensional montmorillonite with organic coatings, are increasingly used to improve nanocomposite properties. However, little is known about pulmonary health risks along the nanoclay life cycle even with increased evidence of airborne particulate exposures in occupational environments. Recently, oropharyngeal aspiration exposure to pre- and post-incinerated ONC in mice caused low grade, persistent lung inflammation with a pro-fibrotic signaling response with unknown mode(s) of action. We hypothesized that the organic coating presence and incineration status of nanoclays determine the inflammatory cytokine secretary profile and cytotoxic response of macrophages. To test this hypothesis differentiated human macrophages (THP-1) were acutely exposed (0-20 µg/cm2) to pristine, uncoated nanoclay (CloisNa), an ONC (Clois30B), their incinerated byproducts (I-CloisNa and I-Clois30B), and crystalline silica (CS) followed by cytotoxicity and inflammatory endpoints. Macrophages were co-exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS-free medium to assess the role of priming the NF-κB pathway in macrophage response to nanoclay treatment. Data were compared to inflammatory responses in male C57Bl/6J mice following 30 and 300 µg/mouse aspiration exposure to the same particles. RESULTS In LPS-free media, CloisNa exposure caused mitochondrial depolarization while Clois30B exposure caused reduced macrophage viability, greater cytotoxicity, and significant damage-associated molecular patterns (IL-1α and ATP) release compared to CloisNa and unexposed controls. LPS priming with low CloisNa doses caused elevated cathepsin B/Caspage-1/IL-1β release while higher doses resulted in apoptosis. Clois30B exposure caused dose-dependent THP-1 cell pyroptosis evidenced by Cathepsin B and IL-1β release and Gasdermin D cleavage. Incineration ablated the cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of Clois30B while I-CloisNa still retained some mild inflammatory potential. Comparative analyses suggested that in vitro macrophage cell viability, inflammasome endpoints, and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles significantly correlated to mouse bronchioalveolar lavage inflammation metrics including inflammatory cell recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Presence of organic coating and incineration status influenced inflammatory and cytotoxic responses following exposure to human macrophages. Clois30B, with a quaternary ammonium tallow coating, induced a robust cell membrane damage and pyroptosis effect which was eliminated after incineration. Conversely, incinerated nanoclay exposure primarily caused elevated inflammatory cytokine release from THP-1 cells. Collectively, pre-incinerated nanoclay displayed interaction with macrophage membrane components (molecular initiating event), increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and increased inflammatory cell recruitment (two key events) in the lung fibrosis adverse outcome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jake Jensen
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jayme P Coyle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kornberg
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Sherri A Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Alan Dozier
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Sushant Agarwal
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Rakesh K Gupta
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Liying W Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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Chen Y, Chen C, Zheng C, Dwaraknath S, Horton MK, Cabana J, Rehr J, Vinson J, Dozier A, Kas JJ, Persson KA, Ong SP. Database of ab initio L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure. Sci Data 2021; 8:153. [PMID: 34117266 PMCID: PMC8196187 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The L-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) is widely used in the characterization of transition metal compounds. Here, we report the development of a database of computed L-edge XANES using the multiple scattering theory-based FEFF9 code. The initial release of the database contains more than 140,000 L-edge spectra for more than 22,000 structures generated using a high-throughput computational workflow. The data is disseminated through the Materials Project and addresses a critical need for L-edge XANES spectra among the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shyam Dwaraknath
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew K Horton
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - John Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John Vinson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Alan Dozier
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA
| | - Joshua J Kas
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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3
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Fedan JS, Barger M, Leonard SS, Thompson JA, Snawder JE, Dozier A, Coyle J, Kashon M, Roberts JR. Pulmonary Toxicity of Nine Sand Dusts Generated at Hydraulic Fracturing Sites in Comparison to Respirable Crystalline Silica. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Fedan
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Mark Barger
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Stephen S. Leonard
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Janet A. Thompson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - John E. Snawder
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Alan Dozier
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jayme Coyle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Michael Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jenny R. Roberts
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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4
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Dy G, Crombet T, Leon K, Mazzora Z, Hernandez D, Lage A, Dozier A, Chen H, Hutson A, Plessinger D, Johnson C. EP1.04-23 Ongoing Phase II Trial of Anti-PD1 Therapy in Combination with CIMAvax-EGF in Patients with Advanced NSCLC or Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Graham UM, Oberdörster G, Case B, Dozier A. A case study of the translocation, bioprocessing and tissue interactions of EMP following inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 361:81-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Dy G, Dozier A, Reid M, Lee K, Miller A, Wallace P, Puzanov I, Opyrchal M, Ernstoff M, Johnson C, Mazorra Z, Saavedra D, Leon K, Lage A, Crombet T. P2.04-26 Interim Results from a Phase I/II Trial of Nivolumab in Combination with CIMAvax-EGF as Second-Line Therapy in Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Mathew K, Zheng C, Winston D, Chen C, Dozier A, Rehr JJ, Ong SP, Persson KA. High-throughput computational X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Sci Data 2018; 5:180151. [PMID: 30063226 PMCID: PMC6067047 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely-used materials characterization technique. In this work we present a database of computed XAS spectra, using the Green's formulation of the multiple scattering theory implemented in the FEFF code. With more than 500,000 K-edge X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) spectra for more than 40,000 unique materials, this database constitutes the largest existing collection of computed XAS spectra to date. The data is openly distributed via the Materials Project, enabling researchers across the world to access it for free and use it for comparisons with experiments and further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mathew
- Department of Materials Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald Winston
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan Dozier
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - John J Rehr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Beaucham C, King B, Feldmann K, Harper M, Dozier A. Assessing occupational erionite and respirable crystalline silica exposure among outdoor workers in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana. J Occup Environ Hyg 2018; 15:455-465. [PMID: 29580185 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1447116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Erionite is a naturally occurring fibrous mineral found in many parts of the world, including the western United States. Inhalational exposure to erionite fibers in some localities is associated with health effects similar to those caused by asbestos exposure, including malignant mesothelioma. Therefore, there is concern regarding occupational exposures in the western United States. Currently, there are no standard sampling and analytical methods for airborne erionite fibers, as well as no established occupational exposure limits. Due to the potential adverse health effects, characterizing and minimizing exposures is prudent. Crystalline silica also occurs naturally in areas where erionite is found, principally as the mineral quartz. Work activities involving rocks containing quartz and soils derived from those rocks can lead to exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS). The typically dry and dusty environment of the western United States can increase the likelihood of exposures to aerosolized rocks and soils, but inhalation exposure is also possible in more humid conditions. In this case study, we describe several outdoor occupational environments with potential exposures to erionite and RCS. We describe our method for evaluating those exposures and demonstrate: (1) the occurrence of occupational exposures to airborne erionite and RCS, (2) that the chemical make-up of the erionite mineral can be determined, and (3) that effective dust control practices are needed to reduce employee exposures to these minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Beaucham
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio
| | - Bradley King
- b National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Denver , Colorado
| | - Karl Feldmann
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio
| | - Martin Harper
- c Zefon International, Inc. , Ocala , Florida
- d Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida
| | - Alan Dozier
- a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Cincinnati , Ohio
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9
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Vo A, Leviten D, Insko M, Sierra T, Dozier A, Walker L, Peterson S. Evaluation of drug-drug interactions (DDI) between tucatinib and capecitabine (C) in patients with advanced HER2+ metastatic breast cancer from a phase 1b study. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx365.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Devy L, Fingleton B, Pham M, Chang Q, Carter K, Dozier A, Dransfield D. 490 MMP-9 as a stromal target in cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Adams MJ, Fisher SG, Lipshultz SE, Shore RE, Constine LS, Stovall M, Dozier A, Schwartz RG, Block RC, Pearson TA. Coronary heart disease 55+ years after lower-dose thoracic irradiation: Preliminary results. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e19554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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12
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Hower JC, Graham UM, Dozier A, Tseng MT, Khatri RA. Association of the sites of heavy metals with nanoscale carbon in a Kentucky electrostatic precipitator fly ash. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:8471-8477. [PMID: 19068834 DOI: 10.1021/es801193y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HRTEM-STEM-EELS) was used to study fly ashes produced from the combustion of an eastern Kentucky coal at a southeastern-Kentucky wall-fired pulverized coal utility boiler. Fly ash was collected from individual hoppers in each row of the electrostatic precipitators (ESP) pollution-control system, with multiple hoppers sampled within each of the three rows. Temperatures within the ESP array range from about 200 degrees C at the entry to the first row to < 150 degrees C at the exit of the third row. HRTEM-STEM-EELS study demonstrated the presence of nanoscale (10 s nm) C agglomerates with typical soot-like appearance and others with graphitic fullerene-like nanocarbon structures. The minute carbon agglomerates are typically juxtaposed and intergrown with slightly larger aluminosilicate spheres and often form an ultrathin halo or deposit on the fly ash particles. The STEM-EELS analyses revealed that the nanocarbon agglomerates host even finer (< 3 nm) metal and metal oxide particles. Elemental analysis indicated an association of Hg with the nanocarbon. Arsenic, Se, Pb, Co, and traces of Ti and Ba are often associated with Fe-rich particles within the nanocarbon deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hower
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA.
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13
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Jacobs G, Sarkar A, Ji Y, Luo M, Dozier A, Davis BH. Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis: Assessment of the Ripening of Cobalt Clusters and Mixing between Co and Ru Promoter via Oxidation−Reduction-Cycles over Lower Co-Loaded Ru−Co/Al2O3 Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0709988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Jacobs
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Amitava Sarkar
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Yaying Ji
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Mingsheng Luo
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Alan Dozier
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Burtron H. Davis
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, and University of Kentucky Electron Microscopy Center, Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, A004 ASTeCC Building 0286, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
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Carreon MA, Guliants VV, Yuan L, Hughett AR, Dozier A, Seisenbaeva GA, Kessler VG. Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Mixed Metal Oxides from Heterometallic Alkoxide Precursors: Cobalt–Nickel Oxide Spinels for Propane Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tseng MT, Dozier A, Haribabu B, Graham UM. Transendothelial migration of ferric ion in FeCl3 injured murine common carotid artery. Thromb Res 2006; 118:275-80. [PMID: 16243382 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Adventitial application of FeCl(3) causes endothelial injury, platelet aggregation, and a rapid onset of thrombus formation. The transmigration pathway of the ferric ion has not been definitively identified. Using a combination of TEM and X-ray elemental analysis, this study aims to elucidate the endothelial pathway of ferric ion migration in carotid artery. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular injury was induced by placing a Whatman #1 filter paper strip saturated with 10% FeCl(3) over the common carotid artery in male C57BL/6 mice for 3 min. After rinsing in saline, the mice were terminated at 10 or 30 min. The FeCL(3) exposed segments of the common carotid artery were dissected, and processed for TEM. Thrombus formation was observed in all cases. Endothelial and smooth muscle injuries were observed in segments of the vessel in direct contact with the oxidant. The endothelial injury ranged from minimal damage to total denudation. The basal endothelial surface adjacent to the internal elastic lamina showed accumulation of electron opaque vesicles. The membrane enclosed particles transmigrated across the endothelium and exocytosed into the lumen. The nature of the particles shown by STEM/EDS was rich in ferric ion. Elemental analysis also showed that some ferric oxide aggregates formed near the developing thrombus in the vascular lumen. CONCLUSION Our results showed the ferric ion permeated the endothelial basal lamina before entering the arterial lumen via endocytic-exocytic pathway. This study provides an ultrastructural framework for future analysis of the adluminal and luminal injuries in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tseng
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Abstract
In this study, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy is demonstrated to be a valuable tool for characterizing ultrafine coal fly ash particles, especially those particles encapsulated in or associated with carbon. By examining a series of elemental maps (K-edge maps of C and O, and L-edge maps of Si, Al, Ti and Fe) recorded using the three-window method, considerable numbers of titanium and iron species with sizes from several nanometres to submicrometre were shown to be present, typically as oxides dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix. Crystalline phases, such as rutile and iron-rich oxide spinel, were also identified from electron diffraction patterns and high-resolution TEM images. Information about these ultrafine coal fly ash particles regarding their size, morphology, elemental composition and distribution, and crystalline phases, which has not been available previously in conventional ash studies, should be useful in toxicological studies and related environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Consortium for Fossil Fuel Science/Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 533 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40508-4005, USA
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17
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Tan B, Dozier A, Lehmler HJ, Knutson BL, Rankin SE. Elongated silica nanoparticles with a mesh phase mesopore structure by fluorosurfactant templating. Langmuir 2004; 20:6981-6984. [PMID: 15301475 DOI: 10.1021/la049474s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica materials with pore structures such as 2D hexagonal close packed, bicontinuous cubic, lamellar, sponge, wormhole-like, and rectangular have been made by using surfactant templating sol-gel processes. However, there are still some "intermediate" phases, in particular mesh phases, that are formed by surfactants but which have not been made into analogous silica pore structures. Here, we describe the one-step synthesis of mesoporous silica with a mesh phase pore structure. The cationic fluorinated surfactant 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecylpyridinium chloride (HFDePC) is used as the template. Like many fluorinated surfactants, HFDePC forms intermediate phases in water (including a mesh phase) over a wider range of compositions than do hydrocarbon surfactants. The materials produced by this technique are novel elongated particles in which the layers of the mesh phase are oriented orthogonal to the main axis of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, 177 Anderson Hall, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046, USA
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18
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Zhu Y, Cammers-Goodwin A, Zhao B, Dozier A, Dickey EC. Kinetic Precipitation of Solution-Phase Polyoxomolybdate Followed by Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Window to Solution-Phase Nanostructure. Chemistry 2004; 10:2421-7. [PMID: 15146515 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200305468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the structural nature of the polydisperse, nanoscopic components in the solution and the solid states of partially reduced polyoxomolybdate derived from the [Mo132] keplerate, [(Mo)Mo5]12-[Mo2 acetate]30. Designer tripodal hexamine-tris-crown ethers and nanoscopic molybdate coprecipitated from aqueous solution. These microcrystalline solids distributed particle radii between 2-30 nm as assayed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The solid materials and their particle size distributions were snap shots of the solution phase. The mother liquor of the preparation of the [Mo132] keplerate after three days revealed large species (r=20-30 nm) in the coprecipitate, whereas [Mo132] keplerate redissolved in water revealed small species (3-7 nm) in the coprecipitate. Nanoparticles of coprecipitate were more stable than solids derived solely from partially reduced molybdate. The TEM features of all material analyzed lacked facets on the nanometer length scale; however, the structures diffracted electrons and appeared to be defect-free as evidenced by Moiré patterns in the TEM images. Moiré patterns and size-invariant optical densities of the features in the micrographs suggested that the molybdate nanoparticles were vesicular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- University of Kentucky, Chemistry Department, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Abstract
The location of stem cells within the adult CNS makes them impractical for surgical removal and autologous transplantation. Their limited availability and histocompatibility issues further restrict their use. In contrast, olfactory neuroepithelium (ONe) located in the nasal passageways has a continuous regenerative capability and can be biopsied readily. To investigate the potential of human ONe to provide viable populations of pluripotent cells, ONe was harvested from cadavers 6-18 h postmortem, dissociated, plated and fed every 3-4 days. Heterogeneous populations of neurons, glia, and epithelia were identified with lineage-specific markers. After several weeks, 5-10% of the cultures produced a population of rapidly dividing cells, which in turn, produced neurospheres containing at least two subpopulations based on neuronal and glial specific antigens. Most contained one or more neuronal markers; a few were positive for A2B5 and/or GFAP. To determine if growth modulators would affect the neurosphere forming cells, they were exposed to dibutyryl-cAMP. The nucleotide reduced cell division and increased process formation. Although the cells had been passaged more than 70 times, their viability remained constant as shown by the MTT viability index. Donor age or sex were not limiting factors, because neurospheres have been established from cadavers of both sexes from 50 to 95 years old at time of death. The ex vivo expansion of these cells will provide a patient-specific population of cells for immunological, genetic and pharmacological evaluation. Our long-term goal is to determine the utility of these cells to facilitate CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Roisen
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 S. Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Aronica SM, Dozier A, Fanti P, Nazareth M. Altered bone marrow cell sensitivity in the lupus-prone NZB/W mouse: regulation of CFU-GM colony formation by estrogen, tamoxifen and thrombopoietin. Lupus 2000; 9:271-7. [PMID: 10866098 DOI: 10.1191/096120300680198962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is thought to contribute to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in women through mechanisms that are not completely understood. Although estrogen serves as a negative regulator in normal hematopoietic development, little research has been conducted examining alteration in hematopoietic development triggered by estrogen in lupus-susceptible individuals. We examined whether estrogen and other factors could influence colony formation of bone marrow cells obtained from normal and lupus-susceptible mice. Bone marrow cells isolated from New Zealand Black (NZB) and lupus-prone New Zealand Black and New Zealand White cross (NZB/W) mice were cultured in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or in combination with estrogen, thrombopoietin (TPO), tamoxifen, estrogen and TPO. or estrogen and tamoxifen, and plated in methylcellulose culture medium. Plates were scored for the number of CFU-GM (colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage) colonies after 6d in culture. For females of both mouse strains, estrogen significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the number of GM colonies. Co-treatment of NZB/W cells, but not NZB cells, with TPO or tamoxifen reversed the suppressive action of estrogen (P < 0.05). In contrast, while estrogen did suppress colony formation from cells of NZB/W males (P < 0.05), neither TPO nor tamoxifen reversed this effect. Our results indicate that the sensitivity of bone marrow cells isolated from both female and male NZB/W lupus-prone mice to hormones/growth factors is qualitatively different from cells of NZB mice, and suggest that hematopoietic alterations at the level of the bone marrow may be related to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Aronica
- Department of Biology, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA.
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Ehringer WD, Yamany S, Steier K, Farag A, Roisen FJ, Dozier A, Miller FN. Quantitative image analysis of F-actin in endothelial cells. Microcirculation 1999; 6:291-303. [PMID: 10654280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a central role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Thrombin and histamine, two inflammatory mediators that increase endothelial permeability, can alter F-actin production and distribution. In this study, we use a newly developed image analysis technique to show that these two inflammatory mediators differentially alter F-actin structure. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown to confluence and treated with either histamine (1 microM), thrombin (1 microM) or the agonist's vehicle. The endothelium was stained with BODIPY-phallodin, and digitized images were taken of the treated cells. The digitized images of individual human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were imported into a F-actin image analysis program (FAAP) and converted to layers, each one pixel thick. The program then determined the mean gray level (which corresponded to the amount of F-actin) in each layer starting from the outside of the cell (layer 1) and progressing in one pixel layer increments towards the center of the cell (layer 32). RESULTS Both inflammatory mediators increased endothelial F-actin production, however, the distribution of the actin was different. Thrombin increased the presence of stress fibers, while also decreasing peripheral banding actin. In contrast, histamine had no effect on peripheral actin compared to control, but did increase the presence of F-actin stress fibers. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that thrombin and histamine alter endothelial F-actin production in different locations within the cell, which can be quantified using an image analysis program.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Ehringer
- Center for Applied Microcirculatory Research, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY 40292, USA.
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Orsini F, O'Donnell A, Fitzpatrick J, Birl T, Mink I, Dozier A. Enhancement of the indirect anti-platelet antibody test and its application to platelet immunology. Transfusion 1985; 25:63-7. [PMID: 3969703 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1985.25185116507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons in the same patients of platelet-bound anti-platelet antibody (APA) levels (direct test) with serum APA levels (indirect test) frequently do not give the same results. Indirect test results frequently are negative or marginally elevated even though platelet-bound antibody is greatly increased on direct testing. The most likely cause for these differences between the two tests is insufficient binding of serum antibody to test platelets in vitro. In an effort to enhance in vitro antibody binding, we examined four test modifications affecting platelet attachment. Rabbit anti-human platelet antisera (absorbed with their specific human donor leukocytes to remove HLA- and granulocyte-specific antibodies) were combined under various conditions with human platelets and tested in a modified antiglobulin consumption test utilizing rabbit IgG. The test conditions varied: incubation time of the serum APA-platelet mixture at 37 degrees C; age of the test platelet pool; ionic strength of the mixture (varied through incorporation of a low-ionic-strength solution (LISS); and vortex agitation for 30 seconds prior to the addition of sera. Optimal attachment in standard phosphate-buffered saline took place in 60 minutes using test platelets stored for either 3 or 30 days, and yielded mean values for rabbit immune sera of 9.9 fg of IgG per platelet. Preincubation controls yielded a mean of 0.7 to 1.5 fg per platelet. Incorporation of LISS or vortexing of test platelets did not affect the results of control, but both modifications substantially increased test values of immune sera to 15.8 and 17.3 fg of IgG per platelet, respectively. Combining LISS with vortexing did not further increase values.
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Hill JT, Bensman AS, Dozier A, Stube RW. Epoxy-fiberglass short-leg brace. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971; 52:82-5. [PMID: 5550367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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