1
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Willis CM, Krzak G, Hamel R, Pirvan L, Ionescu RB, Reisz JA, Prag HA, Garcia-Segura ME, Wu V, Xiang Y, Barlas B, Casey AM, van den Bosch AMR, Nicaise AM, Roth L, Bates GR, Huang H, Prasad P, Vincent AE, Frezza C, Viscomi C, Balmus G, Takats Z, Marioni JC, D'Alessandro A, Murphy MP, Mohorianu I, Pluchino S. Mitochondrial complex I activity in microglia sustains neuroinflammation. Nature 2024; 628:195-203. [PMID: 38480879 PMCID: PMC10990929 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sustained smouldering, or low-grade activation, of myeloid cells is a common hallmark of several chronic neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis1. Distinct metabolic and mitochondrial features guide the activation and the diverse functional states of myeloid cells2. However, how these metabolic features act to perpetuate inflammation of the central nervous system is unclear. Here, using a multiomics approach, we identify a molecular signature that sustains the activation of microglia through mitochondrial complex I activity driving reverse electron transport and the production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, blocking complex I in pro-inflammatory microglia protects the central nervous system against neurotoxic damage and improves functional outcomes in an animal disease model in vivo. Complex I activity in microglia is a potential therapeutic target to foster neuroprotection in chronic inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system3.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - C M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Pirvan
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R-B Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - H A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M E Garcia-Segura
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Wu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Xiang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Barlas
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Casey
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M R van den Bosch
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Roth
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R Bates
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Huang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Prasad
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Frezza
- University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - G Balmus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J C Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - A D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Sutter PA, Willis CM, Menoret A, Nicaise AM, Sacino A, Sikkema AH, Jellison ER, Win KK, Han DK, Church W, Baron W, Vella AT, Crocker SJ. Astrocytic TIMP-1 regulates production of Anastellin, an inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and FTY720 responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306816121. [PMID: 38266047 PMCID: PMC10835138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306816121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is associated with neuropathology and the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). TIMP1 is a pleiotropic extracellular protein that functions both as a protease inhibitor and as a growth factor. Astrocytes that lack expression of Timp1 do not support rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (rOPC) differentiation, and adult global Timp1 knockout (Timp1KO) mice do not efficiently remyelinate following a demyelinating injury. Here, we performed an unbiased proteomic analysis and identified a fibronectin-derived peptide called Anastellin (Ana) that was unique to the Timp1KO astrocyte secretome. Ana was found to block rOPC differentiation in vitro and enhanced the inhibitory influence of fibronectin on rOPC differentiation. Ana is known to act upon the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and we determined that Ana also blocked the pro-myelinating effect of FTY720 (or fingolimod) on rOPC differentiation in vitro. Administration of FTY720 to wild-type C57BL/6 mice during MOG35-55-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated clinical disability while FTY720 administered to mice lacking expression of Timp1 (Timp1KO) had no effect. Analysis of Timp1 and fibronectin (FN1) transcripts from primary human astrocytes from healthy and multiple sclerosis (MS) donors revealed lower TIMP1 expression was coincident with elevated FN1 in MS astrocytes. Last, analyses of proteomic databases of MS samples identified Ana peptides to be more abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human MS patients with high disease activity. A role for Ana in MS as a consequence of a lack of astrocytic TIMP-1 production could influence both the efficacy of fingolimod responses and innate remyelination potential in the MS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. Sutter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Cory M. Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Anthony Sacino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Arend. H. Sikkema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Evan R. Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Kyaw K. Win
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - David K. Han
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - William Church
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, CT06106
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen9700RB, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
| | - Stephen J. Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT06030
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Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Willis CM, Hamel R, Krzak G, Reisz JA, Prag HA, Wu V, Xiang Y, van den Bosch AMR, Nicaise AM, Roth L, Bates GR, Huang H, Vincent AE, Frezza C, Viscomi C, Marioni JC, D'Alessandro A, Takats Z, Murphy MP, Pluchino S. Mitochondrial reverse electron transport in myeloid cells perpetuates neuroinflammation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.03.574059. [PMID: 38260262 PMCID: PMC10802366 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sustained smouldering, or low grade, activation of myeloid cells is a common hallmark of several chronic neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) 1 . Distinct metabolic and mitochondrial features guide the activation and the diverse functional states of myeloid cells 2 . However, how these metabolic features act to perpetuate neuroinflammation is currently unknown. Using a multiomics approach, we identified a new molecular signature that perpetuates the activation of myeloid cells through mitochondrial complex II (CII) and I (CI) activity driving reverse electron transport (RET) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Blocking RET in pro-inflammatory myeloid cells protected the central nervous system (CNS) against neurotoxic damage and improved functional outcomes in animal disease models in vivo . Our data show that RET in myeloid cells is a potential new therapeutic target to foster neuroprotection in smouldering inflammatory CNS disorders 3 .
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Sutter PA, Ménoret A, Jellison ER, Nicaise AM, Bradbury AM, Vella AT, Bongarzone ER, Crocker SJ. CD8+ T cell depletion prevents neuropathology in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221862. [PMID: 37310382 PMCID: PMC10266545 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe's disease is a fatal genetic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by loss-of-function mutations in the galactosylceramidase (galc) gene. While the metabolic basis for disease is known, the understanding of how this results in neuropathology is not well understood. Herein, we report that the rapid and protracted elevation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes occurs coincident with clinical disease in a mouse model of GLD. Administration of a function-blocking antibody against CD8α effectively prevented disease onset, reduced morbidity and mortality, and prevented CNS demyelination in mice. These data indicate that subsequent to the genetic cause of disease, neuropathology is driven by pathogenic CD8+ T cells, thus offering novel therapeutic potential for treatment of GLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. Sutter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Evan R. Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison M. Bradbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ernesto R. Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J. Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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5
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Bernstock JD, Willis CM, Garcia-Segura ME, Gaude E, Anni D, Lee YJ, Thomas LW, Casey A, Vicario N, Leonardi T, Nicaise AM, Gessler FA, Izzy S, Buffelli MR, Seidlitz J, Srinivasan S, Murphy MP, Ashcroft M, Cambiaghi M, Hallenbeck JM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of the mammalian hibernating brain identifies a key role for succinate dehydrogenase in ischemic tolerance. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.29.534718. [PMID: 37205496 PMCID: PMC10187245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.534718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke results in a loss of tissue homeostasis and integrity, the underlying pathobiology of which stems primarily from the depletion of cellular energy stores and perturbation of available metabolites 1 . Hibernation in thirteen-lined ground squirrels (TLGS), Ictidomys tridecemlineatus , provides a natural model of ischemic tolerance as these mammals undergo prolonged periods of critically low cerebral blood flow without evidence of central nervous system (CNS) damage 2 . Studying the complex interplay of genes and metabolites that unfolds during hibernation may provide novel insights into key regulators of cellular homeostasis during brain ischemia. Herein, we interrogated the molecular profiles of TLGS brains at different time points within the hibernation cycle via RNA sequencing coupled with untargeted metabolomics. We demonstrate that hibernation in TLGS leads to major changes in the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and this is correlated with an accumulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates citrate, cis-aconitate, and α-ketoglutarate-αKG. Integration of the gene expression and metabolomics datasets led to the identification of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as the critical enzyme during hibernation, uncovering a break in the TCA cycle at that level. Accordingly, the SDH inhibitor dimethyl malonate (DMM) was able to rescue the effects of hypoxia on human neuronal cells in vitro and in mice subjected to permanent ischemic stroke in vivo . Our findings indicate that studying the regulation of the controlled metabolic depression that occurs in hibernating mammals may lead to novel therapeutic approaches capable of increasing ischemic tolerance in the CNS.
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Sutter PA, Willis CM, Menoret A, Nicaise AM, Sacino A, Sikkema AH, Jellison E, Win KK, Han DK, Church W, Baron W, Vella AT, Crocker SJ. Astrocytic TIMP-1 regulates production of Anastellin, a novel inhibitor of oligodendrocyte differentiation and FTY720 responses. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.17.529003. [PMID: 36824834 PMCID: PMC9949145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.529003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is associated with neuropathology and the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1). TIMP1 is a pleiotropic extracellular protein that functions both as a protease inhibitor and as a growth factor. We have previously demonstrated that murine astrocytes that lack expression of Timp1 do not support rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (rOPC) differentiation, and adult global Timp1 knockout ( Timp1 KO ) mice do not efficiently remyelinate following a demyelinating injury. To better understand the basis of this, we performed unbiased proteomic analyses and identified a fibronectin-derived peptide called anastellin that is unique to the murine Timp1 KO astrocyte secretome. Anastellin was found to block rOPC differentiation in vitro and enhanced the inhibitory influence of fibronectin on rOPC differentiation. Anastellin is known to act upon the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), and we determined that anastellin also blocked the pro-myelinating effect of FTY720 (or fingolimod) on rOPC differentiation in vitro . Further, administration of FTY720 to wild-type C57BL/6 mice during MOG 35-55 -EAE ameliorated clinical disability while FTY720 administered to mice lacking expression of Timp1 in astrocytes ( Timp1 cKO ) had no effect. Analysis of human TIMP1 and fibronectin ( FN1 ) transcripts from healthy and multiple sclerosis (MS) patient brain samples revealed an inverse relationship where lower TIMP1 expression was coincident with elevated FN1 in MS astrocytes. Lastly, we analyzed proteomic databases of MS samples and identified anastellin peptides to be more abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human MS patients with high versus low disease activity. The prospective role for anastellin generation in association with myelin lesions as a consequence of a lack of astrocytic TIMP-1 production could influence both the efficacy of fingolimod responses and the innate remyelination potential of the the MS brain. Significance Statement Astrocytic production of TIMP-1 prevents the protein catabolism of fibronectin. In the absence of TIMP-1, fibronectin is further digested leading to a higher abundance of anastellin peptides that can bind to sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. The binding of anastellin with the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 impairs the differentiation of oligodendrocytes progenitor cells into myelinating oligodendrocytes in vitro , and negates the astrocyte-mediated therapeutic effects of FTY720 in the EAE model of chronic CNS inflammation. These data indicate that TIMP-1 production by astrocytes is important in coordinating astrocytic functions during inflammation. In the absence of astrocyte produced TIMP-1, elevated expression of anastellin may represent a prospective biomarker for FTY720 therapeutic responsiveness.
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Krzak G, Ionescu RB, Pappa V, D'Angelo A, Agarwal R, Repollés-de-Dalmau M, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Soluble factors influencing the neural stem cell niche in brain physiology, inflammation, and aging. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nicaise AM, D'Angelo A, Ionescu RB, Krzak G, Willis CM, Pluchino S. The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:399-414. [PMID: 34820704 PMCID: PMC8975756 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive glia that form a barrier around the damaged tissue that leads to a non-permissive microenvironment which prevents proper endogenous regeneration. While there are a number of therapies that are able to address some components of disease, there are none that provide regenerative properties. Within the past decade, neural stem cells (NSCs) have been heavily studied due to their potent anti-inflammatory and reparative capabilities in disease and injury. Exogenously applied NSCs have been found to aid in glial scar healing by reducing inflammation and providing cell replacement. However, endogenous NSCs have also been found to contribute to the reactive environment by different means. Further understanding how NSCs can be leveraged to aid in the resolution of the glial scar is imperative in the use of these cells as regenerative therapies. To do so, humanised 3D model systems have been developed to study the development and maintenance of the glial scar. Herein, we explore the current work on endogenous and exogenous NSCs in the glial scar as well as the novel 3D stem cell–based technologies being used to model this pathology in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grzegorz Krzak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Smith JA, Nicaise AM, Ionescu RB, Hamel R, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696434. [PMID: 34307372 PMCID: PMC8299560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A. Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to oscillate between activated and dormant states in response to extrinsic regulators. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Belenguer et al. (2020) identify a direct role for systemic TNF-α, which acts through its receptors TNFRII and TNFRI as a regulator of NSC activation and a return to quiescence, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Hamel R, Pappa V, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Harnessing the Neural Stem Cell Secretome for Regenerative Neuroimmunology. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590960. [PMID: 33250716 PMCID: PMC7674923 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence foresees the secretome of neural stem cells (NSCs) to confer superimposable beneficial properties as exogenous NSC transplants in experimental treatments of traumas and diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Naturally produced secretome biologics include membrane-free signaling molecules and extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) capable of regulating broad functional responses. The development of high-throughput screening pipelines for the identification and validation of NSC secretome targets is still in early development. Encouraging results from pre-clinical animal models of disease have highlighted secretome-based (acellular) therapeutics as providing significant improvements in biochemical and behavioral measurements. Most of these responses are being hypothesized to be the result of modulating and promoting the restoration of key inflammatory and regenerative programs in the CNS. Here, we will review the most recent findings regarding the identification of NSC-secreted factors capable of modulating the immune response to promote the regeneration of the CNS in animal models of CNS trauma and inflammatory disease and discuss the increased interest to refine the pro-regenerative features of the NSC secretome into a clinically available therapy in the emerging field of Regenerative Neuroimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M. Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The adult central nervous system (CNS) contains resident stem cells within specific niches that maintain a self-renewal and proliferative capacity to generate new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood. Physiological aging is associated with a progressive loss of function and a decline in the self-renewal and regenerative capacities of CNS stem cells. Also, the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is age, and current in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases rarely consider this. Therefore, combining both aging research and appropriate interrogation of animal disease models towards the understanding of the disease and age-related stem cell failure is imperative to the discovery of new therapies. This review article will highlight the main intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of neural stem cell (NSC) aging and discuss how these factors impact normal homeostatic functions within the adult brain. We will consider established in vivo animal and in vitro human disease model systems, and then discuss the current and future trajectories of novel senotherapeutics that target aging NSCs to ameliorate brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Willis CM, Nicaise AM, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. The neural stem cell secretome and its role in brain repair. Brain Res 2020; 1729:146615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wasko NJ, Kulak MH, Paul D, Nicaise AM, Yeung ST, Nichols FC, Khanna KM, Crocker S, Pachter JS, Clark RB. Systemic TLR2 tolerance enhances central nervous system remyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:158. [PMID: 31351476 PMCID: PMC6660683 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease characterized by both inflammatory demyelination and impaired remyelination. Studies indicate that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling contributes to both the inflammatory component and the defective remyelination in MS. While most MS therapeutics target adaptive immunity, we recently reported that reducing TLR2 signaling in innate immune cells by inducing TLR2 tolerance attenuates adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Given that previous reports suggest TLR2 signaling also inhibits myelin repair, the objective of this study was to assess how reducing TLR2 signaling through TLR2 tolerance induction affects CNS myelin repair. Methods Chow containing 0.2% cuprizone was fed to male and female wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice or TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) mice for 5 weeks to induce demyelination. During a 2-week remyelination period following discontinuation of cuprizone, WT mice received either low dose TLR2 ligands to induce systemic TLR2 tolerance or vehicle control (VC). Remyelination was evaluated via electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis of microglia and oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum. Statistical tests included 2-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U analyses. Results Inducing TLR2 tolerance in WT mice during remyelination significantly enhanced myelin recovery, restoring unmyelinated axon frequency and myelin thickness to baseline levels compared to VC-treated mice. Mechanistically, enhanced remyelination in TLR2 tolerized mice was associated with a shift in corpus callosum microglia from a pro-inflammatory iNOS+ phenotype to a non-inflammatory/pro-repair Arg1+ phenotype. This result was confirmed in vitro by inducing TLR2 tolerance in WT microglia cultures. TLR2−/− mice, without TLR2 tolerance induction, also significantly enhanced myelin recovery compared to WT mice, adding confirmation that reduced TLR2 signaling is associated with enhanced remyelination. Discussion Our results suggest that reducing TLR2 signaling in vivo by inducing TLR2 tolerance significantly enhances myelin repair. Furthermore, the enhanced remyelination resulting from TLR2 tolerance induction is associated with a shift in corpus callosum microglia from a pro-inflammatory iNOS+ phenotype to a non-inflammatory/pro-repair Arg1+ phenotype. While deletion of TLR2 would be an impractical approach in vivo, reducing innate immune signaling through TLR2 tolerance induction may represent a novel, two-pronged approach for treating both inflammatory and myelin repair components of MS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1540-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Wasko
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Debayon Paul
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Frank C Nichols
- Department of Periodontology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.,Present Address: Department of Microbiology, Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stephen Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Nicaise AM, Johnson KM, Willis CM, Guzzo RM, Crocker SJ. TIMP-1 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Through Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3380-3392. [PMID: 30121936 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular protein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 is both a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor and a trophic factor. Mice lacking TIMP-1 exhibit delayed central nervous system myelination during postnatal development and impaired remyelination following immune-mediated injury in adulthood. We have previously determined that the trophic action of TIMP-1 on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to mature into oligodendrocytes is independent of its MMP inhibitory function. However, the mechanism by which TIMP-1 promotes OPC differentiation is not known. To address this gap in our understanding, herein, we report that TIMP-1 signals via a CD63/β1-integrin receptor complex to activate Akt (protein kinase B) to promote β-catenin signaling in OPCs. The regulation of β-catenin by TIMP-1 to promote OPC differentiation was counteracted, but not abrogated, by canonical signaling evoked by Wnt7a. These data provide a previously uncharacterized trophic action of TIMP-1 to regulate oligodendrocyte maturation via a CD63/β1-integrin/Akt pathway mechanism. These findings contribute to our emerging understanding on the role of TIMP-1 as a growth factor expressed to promote CNS myelination during development and induced in the adult to promote myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kasey M Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Rosa M Guzzo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Nicaise AM, Bongarzone ER, Crocker SJ. A microglial hypothesis of globoid cell leukodystrophy pathology. J Neurosci Res 2017; 94:1049-61. [PMID: 27638591 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe's disease, is a fatal demyelinating disease accompanied by the formation of giant, multinucleated cells called globoid cells. Previously believed to be a byproduct of inflammation, these cells can be found early in disease before evidence of any damage. The precise mechanism by which these globoid cells cause oligodendrocyte dysfunction is not completely understood, nor is their cell type defined. This Review outlines the idea that microglial cells are transformed into an unknown and undefined novel M3 phenotype in GLD, which is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, leading to disease progression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
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Willis CM, Ménoret A, Jellison ER, Nicaise AM, Vella AT, Crocker SJ. A Refined Bead-Free Method to Identify Astrocytic Exosomes in Primary Glial Cultures and Blood Plasma. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:335. [PMID: 28663721 PMCID: PMC5471332 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and are known to fulfill critical homeostatic functions. Dysfunction of activated astrocytes is also known to participate in the development of several neurological diseases. Astrocytes can be uniquely identified by expression of the intermediate filament protein glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP). Herein, we report on the development of a rigorous and sensitive methodology to identify GFAP+ exosomes in primary culture using flow cytometry. We then demonstrate that activated astrocytes release increased amounts of exosomes in response to treatment with interleukin-1β. Using this methodology, we report the identification of GFAP+ exosomes in blood and then use a mouse model of inflammatory demyelination, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to examine whether the abundance of GFAP+ exosomes in blood circulation changes during clinical illness. We find a detectable increase in the presence of GFAP+ exosomes in EAE mice when compared with non-EAE, control mice. Our data provide a novel perspective on the presence of GFAP in blood as it identifies exosomes as potential astrocyte-derived signals within blood. These data are complementary to previous clinical studies that reported elevated GFAP protein in blood samples from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during a clinical relapse. These data also reveal the existence of a potential systemic role for astrocyte-derived exosomes in CNS conditions involving inflammation such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Willis
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Departments of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Departments of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
| | - Alexandra M Nicaise
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Departments of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Departments of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmington, CT, United States
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Gervais P, Reinberg A, Pollak E, Abulker C, Dupont J, Nicaise AM, Pollet J. [Persistance and-or alteration of various circadian rhythms in toxic comas (temperature, pulse, arterial pressure, water and urinary potassium)]. Eur J Toxicol Hyg Environ 1973; 6:94-9. [PMID: 4783736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Nicaise AM, Pollet J. [Delayed-action preparations of phenobarbital]. Therapie 1972; 27:465-72. [PMID: 4655211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pebay-Peyroula F, Bismuth C, Nicaise AM. [Value of blood digitalis determination in clinical toxicoloty]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1970; 121:1081-1087. [PMID: 5504239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Nicaise AM, Bourdon R. [Trifluoroperacidic oxidation of delta-5 oxo-7, steroids]. Bull Soc Chim Fr 1970; 4:1552-6. [PMID: 5419428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pebay-Peyroula F, Nicaise AM. [Pulmonary elimination of toxic substances. Measurement and toxological applications]. Poumon Coeur 1970; 26:853-866. [PMID: 5516124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Bourdon R, Nicaise AM, Pollet J. [Determination of mannitol in biological fluids. Description of an automatic method applied to urine]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1969; 27:227-36. [PMID: 5361807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bourdon R, Nicaise AM. [On the demonstration and determination of several 5-H-dibenz (b,f) azepines in biological fluids]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1969; 27:93-103. [PMID: 5787203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Bourdon R, Nicaise AM. [Determination of primary carbamates in biological fluids]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1968; 26:897-906. [PMID: 5727315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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