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Kaltenbach L, Martzloff P, Bambach SK, Aizarani N, Mihlan M, Gavrilov A, Glaser KM, Stecher M, Thünauer R, Thiriot A, Heger K, Kierdorf K, Wienert S, von Andrian UH, Schmidt-Supprian M, Nerlov C, Klauschen F, Roers A, Bajénoff M, Grün D, Lämmermann T. Slow integrin-dependent migration organizes networks of tissue-resident mast cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:915-924. [PMID: 37081147 PMCID: PMC10232366 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell locomotion is associated with amoeboid migration, a flexible mode of movement, which depends on rapid cycles of actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction1. Many immune cells do not necessarily require integrins, the major family of adhesion receptors in mammals, to move productively through three-dimensional tissue spaces2,3. Instead, they can use alternative strategies to transmit their actin-driven forces to the substrate, explaining their migratory adaptation to changing external environments4-6. However, whether these generalized concepts apply to all immune cells is unclear. Here, we show that the movement of mast cells (immune cells with important roles during allergy and anaphylaxis) differs fundamentally from the widely applied paradigm of interstitial immune cell migration. We identify a crucial role for integrin-dependent adhesion in controlling mast cell movement and localization to anatomical niches rich in KIT ligand, the major mast cell growth and survival factor. Our findings show that substrate-dependent haptokinesis is an important mechanism for the tissue organization of resident immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kaltenbach
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paloma Martzloff
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Bambach
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadim Aizarani
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mihlan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Glaser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Stecher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy Facility, Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aude Thiriot
- Department of Immunology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Heger
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Center for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wienert
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Immunology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Berlin Institute for the Foundation of Learning and Data (BIFOLD) and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bajénoff
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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Kravtsov S, Gavrilov A, Buyanova M, Loskutov E, Feigin A. Forced signal and predictability in a prototype climate model: Implications for fingerprinting based detection in the presence of multidecadal natural variability. Chaos 2022; 32:123130. [PMID: 36587333 DOI: 10.1063/5.0106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced numerical models used for climate prediction are known to exhibit biases in their simulated climate response to variable concentrations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols that force a non-uniform, in space and time, secular global warming. We argue here that these biases can be particularly pronounced due to misrepresentation, in these models, of the multidecadal internal climate variability characterized by large-scale, hemispheric-to-global patterns. This point is illustrated through the development and analysis of a prototype climate model comprised of two damped linear oscillators, which mimic interannual and multidecadal internal climate dynamics and are set into motion via a combination of stochastic driving, representing weather noise, and deterministic external forcing inducing a secular climate change. The model time series are paired with pre-specified patterns in the physical space and form, conceptually, a spatially extended time series of the zonal-mean near-surface temperature, which is further contaminated by a spatiotemporal noise simulating the rest of climate variability. The choices of patterns and model parameters were informed by observations and climate-model simulations of the 20th century near-surface air temperature. Our main finding is that the intensity and spatial patterns of the internal multidecadal variability associated with the slow-oscillator model component greatly affect (i) the ability of modern pattern-recognition/fingerprinting methods to isolate the forced response of the climate system in the 20th century ensemble simulations and (ii) climate-system predictability, especially decadal predictability, as well as the estimates of this predictability using climate models in which the internal multidecadal variability is underestimated or otherwise misrepresented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kravtsov
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences Group, Great Lakes Research Facility, 600 E Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, USA
| | - A Gavrilov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ul'yanov St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - M Buyanova
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ul'yanov St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - E Loskutov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ul'yanov St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A Feigin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ul'yanov St., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Kassianidou E, Simonneau C, Gavrilov A, Villaseñor R. High Throughput Blood-brain Barrier Organoid Generation and Assessment of Receptor-Mediated Antibody Transcytosis. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4399. [PMID: 35800091 PMCID: PMC9081481 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) is a successful strategy for drug delivery of biologic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The recent development of human BBB organoid models is a major advancement to help characterize the mechanisms of RMT and thus accelerate the design of brain delivery technologies. BBB organoids exhibit self-organization, which resembles the architecture of the neurovascular unit, and low paracellular permeability, due to the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells. However, current methods of organoid generation have low throughput, exhibit substantial heterogeneity across experiments, and require extensive manual handling. These limitations prevent the use of BBB organoids as a screening tool for discovery and optimization of therapeutic molecules. In this protocol, we use hydrogel-based arrays to generate human BBB organoids, with a 35-fold increase in organoid yield as compared to previous protocols using 96-well plates. We incubate BBB organoid arrays with monoclonal antibody-based constructs and use a custom semi-automated imaging assay to assess RMT within the organoid core. The experimental and analytical tools described in this protocol provide a scalable platform that can be incorporated in the early stages of drug discovery to accelerate the development and optimization of brain delivery technologies to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kassianidou
- Digital Pathology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claire Simonneau
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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*For correspondence:
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Loskutov E, Vdovin V, Klinshov V, Gavrilov A, Mukhin D, Feigin A. Applying interval stability concept to empirical model of middle Pleistocene transition. Chaos 2022; 32:021103. [PMID: 35232038 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interval stability is a novel method for the study of complex dynamical systems, allowing for the estimation of their stability to strong perturbations. This method describes how large perturbation should be to disrupt the stable dynamical regime of the system (attractor). In our work, interval stability is used for the first time to study the properties of a real natural system: to analyze the stability of the earth's climate system during the last 2.6×106 years. The main abrupt shift in global climate during this period is the middle Pleistocene transition (MPT), which occurred about 1×106 years ago as a change of the periodicity of glacial cycles from 41 to 100 kyr. On the basis of the empirical nonlinear stochastic model proposed in our recent work, we demonstrate that the global climate stability to any perturbations decreases throughout the Pleistocene period (including the MPT), enhancing its response to fast (with a millennial scale or less) internal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Loskutov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - V Vdovin
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - V Klinshov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A Gavrilov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D Mukhin
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A Feigin
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS), Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Gavrilov A, Loskutov E, Feigin A. Data-driven stochastic model for cross-interacting processes with different time scales. Chaos 2022; 32:023111. [PMID: 35232042 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a new data-driven method for modeling cross-interacting processes with different time scales represented by time series with different sampling steps. It is a generalization of a nonlinear stochastic model of an evolution operator based on neural networks and designed for the case of time series with a constant sampling step. The proposed model has a more complex structure. First, it describes each process by its own stochastic evolution operator with its own time step. Second, it takes into account possible nonlinear connections within each pair of processes in both directions. These connections are parameterized asymmetrically, depending on which process is faster and which process is slower. They make this model essentially different from the set of independent stochastic models constructed individually for each time scale. All evolution operators and connections are trained and optimized using the Bayesian framework, forming a multi-scale stochastic model. We demonstrate the performance of the model on two examples. The first example is a pair of coupled oscillators, with the couplings in both directions which can be turned on and off. Here, we show that inclusion of the connections into the model allows us to correctly reproduce observable effects related to coupling. The second example is a spatially distributed data generated by a global climate model running in the middle 19th century external conditions. In this case, the multi-scale model allows us to reproduce the coupling between the processes which exists in the observed data but is not captured by the model constructed individually for each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gavrilov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - E Loskutov
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A Feigin
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Simonneau C, Duschmalé M, Gavrilov A, Brandenberg N, Hoehnel S, Ceroni C, Lassalle E, Kassianidou E, Knoetgen H, Niewoehner J, Villaseñor R. Investigating receptor-mediated antibody transcytosis using blood-brain barrier organoid arrays. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:43. [PMID: 34544422 PMCID: PMC8454074 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathways that control protein transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain poorly characterized. Despite great advances in recapitulating the human BBB in vitro, current models are not suitable for systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms of antibody transport. The gaps in our mechanistic understanding of antibody transcytosis hinder new therapeutic delivery strategy development. METHODS We applied a novel bioengineering approach to generate human BBB organoids by the self-assembly of astrocytes, pericytes and brain endothelial cells with unprecedented throughput and reproducibility using micro patterned hydrogels. We designed a semi-automated and scalable imaging assay to measure receptor-mediated transcytosis of antibodies. Finally, we developed a workflow to use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in BBB organoid arrays to knock out regulators of endocytosis specifically in brain endothelial cells in order to dissect the molecular mechanisms of receptor-mediated transcytosis. RESULTS BBB organoid arrays allowed the simultaneous growth of more than 3000 homogenous organoids per individual experiment in a highly reproducible manner. BBB organoid arrays showed low permeability to macromolecules and prevented transport of human non-targeting antibodies. In contrast, a monovalent antibody targeting the human transferrin receptor underwent dose- and time-dependent transcytosis in organoids. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in BBB organoid arrays, we showed that clathrin, but not caveolin, is required for transferrin receptor-dependent transcytosis. CONCLUSIONS Human BBB organoid arrays are a robust high-throughput platform that can be used to discover new mechanisms of receptor-mediated antibody transcytosis. The implementation of this platform during early stages of drug discovery can accelerate the development of new brain delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Simonneau
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Duschmalé
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylke Hoehnel
- SUN bioscience, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Ceroni
- SUN bioscience, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evodie Lassalle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Kassianidou
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Knoetgen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Niewoehner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gavrilov A, Kravtsov S, Mukhin D. Analysis of 20th century surface air temperature using linear dynamical modes. Chaos 2020; 30:123110. [PMID: 33380060 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A Bayesian Linear Dynamical Mode (LDM) decomposition method is applied to isolate robust modes of climate variability in the observed surface air temperature (SAT) field. This decomposition finds the optimal number of internal modes characterized by their own time scales, which enter the cost function through a specific choice of prior probabilities. The forced climate response, with time dependence estimated from state-of-the-art climate-model simulations, is also incorporated in the present LDM decomposition and shown to increase its optimality from a Bayesian standpoint. On top of the forced signal, the decomposition identifies five distinct LDMs of internal climate variability. The first three modes exhibit multidecadal scales, while the remaining two modes are attributable to interannual-to-decadal variability associated with El Niño-Southern oscillation; all of these modes contribute to the secular climate signal-the so-called global stadium wave-missing in the climate-model simulations. One of the multidecadal LDMs is associated with Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The two remaining slow modes have secular time scales and patterns exhibiting regional-to-global similarities to the forced-signal pattern. These patterns have a global scale and contribute significantly to SAT variability over the Southern and Pacific Oceans. In combination with low-frequency modulation of the fast LDMs, they explain the vast majority of the variability associated with interdecadal Pacific oscillation. The global teleconnectivity of the secular climate modes and their possible crucial role in shaping the forced climate response are the two key dynamical questions brought about by the present analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gavrilov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - S Kravtsov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - D Mukhin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Rieber N, Gavrilov A, Hofer L, Singh A, Öz H, Endres T, Schäfer I, Handgretinger R, Hartl D, Kuemmerle-Deschner J. A functional inflammasome activation assay differentiates patients with pathogenic NLRP3 mutations and symptomatic patients with low penetrance variants. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:56-64. [PMID: 25596455 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene. Besides confirmed pathogenic NLRP3 mutations, patients with CAPS-like symptoms frequently show low penetrance variants in NLRP3. The disease relevance of these variants is inconsistent. In this study, we investigated if an inflammasome activation assay differentiates between patients with confirmed pathogenic CAPS mutations, patients with low penetrance NLRP3 variants (V198M and Q703K) and healthy controls. The release of mature IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 into cell culture supernatants after 4h of inflammasome stimulation was significantly increased in patients with confirmed pathogenic CAPS mutations compared to low penetrance NLRP3 variants and controls. IL-1β secretion in CAPS patients correlated with disease severity. This inflammasome activation assay differentiates between autoinflammation patients with confirmed pathogenic CAPS mutations and patients with low penetrance NLRP3 variants, and points towards alternative pathophysiological mechanisms in low penetrance NLRP3 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Rieber
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laura Hofer
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hasan Öz
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Endres
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Iris Schäfer
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Rieber N, Gavrilov A, Endres T, Hartl D, Kümmerle-Deschner J. A functional inflammasome activation assay discriminates between genetically proven caps patients and patients with low penetrance NLRP3 variants. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2014. [PMCID: PMC4184308 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-12-s1-p74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Braeuning A, Gavrilov A, Schwarz M. Phenobarbital-mediated tumor promotion in transgenic mice with humanized CAR and PXR. Toxicol Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Braeuning A, Gavrilov A, Brown S, Wolf CR, Henderson CJ, Schwarz M. Phenobarbital-mediated tumor promotion in transgenic mice with humanized CAR and PXR. Toxicol Sci 2014; 140:259-70. [PMID: 24863967 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) and possibly PXR (pregnane X receptor) mediate the hepatic effects of phenobarbital (PB) and similar-acting compounds. Although PB is a potent nongenotoxic tumor promoter in rodent liver, epidemiological data from epilepsy patients treated with phenobarbital do not show a specific role of PB in human liver cancer risk. That points to species differences in the susceptibility to tumor promotion by PB, which might be attributed to divergent functions of the PB receptors CAR and PXR in mice and humans. In the present study, male transgenic mice expressing human CAR and PXR were used to detect possible differences between wild-type (WT) and humanized mice in their response to CAR activation in a tumor initiation/promotion experiment with a single injection of the tumor initiator N-nitrosodiethylamine preceding chronic PB treatment for 10 months. Analysis of liver tumor burden revealed that PB strongly promoted the outgrowth of hepatocellular adenoma driven by activated β-catenin in WT mice, whereas the tumor-promoting effect of PB was much less pronounced in the humanized group. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that human CAR and PXR support tumor promotion by PB in mouse liver, but to a significantly lesser extent than the WT murine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- University of Tuebingen, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- University of Tuebingen, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Susan Brown
- CXR Biosciences, 2 James Lyndsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Schwarz
- University of Tuebingen, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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Kelrich A, Calahorra Y, Greenberg Y, Gavrilov A, Cohen S, Ritter D. Shadowing and mask opening effects during selective-area vapor-liquid-solid growth of InP nanowires by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:475302. [PMID: 24177750 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide nanowires were grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy using the selective-area vapor-liquid-solid method. We show experimentally and theoretically that the size of the annular opening around the nanowire has a major impact on nanowire growth rate. In addition, we observed a considerable reduction of the growth rate in dense two-dimensional arrays, in agreement with a calculation of the shadowing of the scattered precursors. Due to the impact of these effects on growth, they should be considered during selective-area vapor-liquid-solid nanowire epitaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kelrich
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Sychev A, Savin I, Goryachev A, Oshorov A, Popugaev K, Polupan A, Tenedieva V, Alexandrova E, Gavrilov A, Potapov A. Hemodynamic adjustment optimization with sympathomimetic agents in patients after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rignall B, Grote K, Gavrilov A, Weimer M, Kopp-Schneider A, Krause E, Appel KE, Buchmann A, Robertson LW, Lehmler HJ, Kania-Korwel I, Chahoud I, Schwarz M. Biological and tumor-promoting effects of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in mouse liver after single or combined treatment. Toxicol Sci 2013; 133:29-41. [PMID: 23457121 PMCID: PMC3627557 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the impact of a mixture containing dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), male mice were initiated with N-nitroso-diethylamine and subsequently treated with PCB126, an Ah-Receptor agonist, and PCB153, acting via activation of the constitutive androstane receptor. The two congeners were given at two dose levels: the low dose was adjusted to induce ~150-fold increases in cytochrome P450 (Cyp)1a1 (PCB126) and Cyp2b10 mRNAs (PCB153), and the high dose was chosen as twice the low dose. To keep the liver PCB levels constant, mice were given initial loading doses followed by weekly maintenance doses calculated on the basis of the PCBs' half-lives. Mice were treated with the individual congeners (low and high dose) or with a mixture consisting of the low doses of the 2 PCBs. The following results were obtained: (1) the 2 PCBs produced dose-dependent increases in Cyp1a1 and Cyp2b10 mRNA, protein, and activity when given individually; (2) combined treatment caused more than additive effects on Cyp1a1 mRNA expression, protein level, and ethoxyresurofin activity; (3) changes in the levels of several proteins were detected by proteome analysis in livers of PCB-treated mice; (4) besides these biological responses, the individual PCBs caused no significant increase in the number of glucose-6-phospatase (G6Pase)-deficient neoplastic lesions in liver, whereas a moderate significant effect occurred in the combination group. These results suggest weak but significant response-additive effects of the 2 PCBs when given in combination. They also suggest that the Cyp biomarkers tend to overestimate the carcinogenic response produced by the PCBs in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rignall
- *Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Konstanze Grote
- †Department of Experimental Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Gavrilov
- *Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marc Weimer
- ‡German Cancer Research Center, Central Unit of Biostatistics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Kopp-Schneider
- ‡German Cancer Research Center, Central Unit of Biostatistics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- §Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus E. Appel
- ¶Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit of Food Toxicology, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Buchmann
- *Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Larry W. Robertson
- ||Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- ||Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Izabela Kania-Korwel
- ||Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Ibrahim Chahoud
- |||Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarz
- *Department of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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Yalon E, Cohen S, Gavrilov A, Ritter D. Evaluation of the local temperature of conductive filaments in resistive switching materials. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:465201. [PMID: 23093285 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/46/465201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The resistive switching effect in metal oxides and other dielectric materials is among the leading future non-volatile memory technologies. Resistive switching is widely ascribed to the formation and rupture of conductive filaments in the oxide, which are generated by temperature-enhanced nano-scale ion migration or other thermal effects. In spite of the central role of the local filament temperature on the switching effect, as well as on the conduction and reliability physics, no measurement methods of the filament temperature are yet available. In this work, we report on a method for evaluating the conducting filament temperature, using a metal-insulator-semiconductor bipolar transistor structure. The filament temperature is obtained by analyzing the thermal excitation rate of electrons from the filament Fermi level into the conduction band of a p-type semiconductor electrode. Measurements were carried out to obtain the conductive filament temperature in hafnia at varying ambient temperatures in the range of 3-300 K. Significant Joule heating of the filament was observed across the entire measured ambient temperature range. The extracted temperatures provide physical insight into the resistive switching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yalon
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Terraube J, Mougeot F, Cornulier T, Verma A, Gavrilov A, Arroyo B. Broad wintering range and intercontinental migratory divide within a core population of the near-threatened pallid harrier. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan AS, Polezhaev F, Vasiljeva R, Drinevsky V, Buffington J, Gary H, Sominina A, Keitel W, Regnery H, Lonskaya NL, Doroshenko E, Gavrilov A, Ivakhov I, Arden N, Schonberger LB, Couch R, Kendal A, Cox N. Comparison of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted trivalent influenza vaccines in Russian schoolchildren. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:453-6. [PMID: 8568310 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.2.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a blinded, placebo-controlled study, the reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of single doses of US inactivated split-virus and Russian live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines were compared in 555 schoolchildren in Vologda, Russia. Serial serum samples were collected and school absenteeism was assessed. Systemic reactions were rare, but local reactions (primarily erythema at the injection site) were observed in 27% of the inactivated vaccine group, and coryza (12%) and sore throat (8%) were observed in the attenuated vaccine group. At 4 weeks after vaccination a > or = 4-fold rise in titer of hemagglutination inhibition antibody to A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B was noted, respectively, among 78%, 88%, and 53% of children who received inactivated vaccine and among 55%, 79%, and 30% of children who received attenuated vaccine. The vaccine efficacy for preventing school absenteeism due to respiratory illness during the period of peak influenza activity was 56% for inactivated vaccine and 47% for attenuated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Khan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Mikhalevsky PN, Baggeroer AB, Gavrilov A, Slavinsky M. Experiment tests use of acoustics to monitor temperature and ice in Arctic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95eo00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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