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Kruhlak NL, Schmidt M, Froetschl R, Graber S, Haas B, Horne I, Horne S, King ST, Koval IA, Kumaran G, Langenkamp A, McGovern TJ, Peryea T, Sanh A, Ferreira AS, van Aerts L, Vespa A, Whomsley R. Determining Recommended Acceptable Intake Limits for N-Nitrosamine Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Development and Application of the Carcinogenic Potency Categorization Approach (CPCA). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024:105640. [PMID: 38754805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
N-Nitrosamine impurities, including nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs), have challenged pharmaceutical industry and regulators alike and affected the global drug supply over the past 5 years. Nitrosamines are a class of known carcinogens, but NDSRIs have posed additional challenges as many lack empirical data to establish acceptable intake (AI) limits. Read-across analysis from surrogates has been used to identify AI limits in some cases; however, this approach is limited by the availability of robustly-tested surrogates matching the structural features of NDSRIs, which usually contain a diverse array of functional groups. Furthermore, the absence of a surrogate has resulted in conservative AI limits in some cases, posing practical challenges for impurity control. Therefore, a new framework for determining recommended AI limits was urgently needed. Here, the Carcinogenic Potency Categorization Approach (CPCA) and its supporting scientific rationale are presented. The CPCA is a rapidly-applied structure-activity relationship-based method that assigns a nitrosamine to 1 of 5 categories, each with a corresponding AI limit, reflecting predicted carcinogenic potency. The CPCA considers the number and distribution of α-hydrogens at the N-nitroso center and other activating and deactivating structural features of a nitrosamine that affect the α-hydroxylation metabolic activation pathway of carcinogenesis. The CPCA has been adopted internationally by several drug regulatory authorities as a simplified approach and a starting point to determine recommended AI limits for nitrosamines without the need for compound-specific empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Kruhlak
- US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Roland Froetschl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Graber
- Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bodo Haas
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Irene Horne
- Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephen Horne
- Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sruthi T King
- US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Iryna A Koval
- Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Anja Langenkamp
- Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic), Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Tyler Peryea
- US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan Sanh
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), Saint-Denis, France
| | | | | | - Alisa Vespa
- Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rhys Whomsley
- European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bourcier T, McGovern T, Cavaliero T, Ebere G, Nishikawa A, Nishimura J, Ogawa K, Pasanen M, Vespa A, Van der Laan JW. ICH S1 prospective evaluation study: weight of evidence approach to predict outcome and value of 2-year rat carcinogenicity studies. A report from the regulatory authorities subgroup. Front Toxicol 2024; 6:1353783. [PMID: 38665214 PMCID: PMC11043531 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1353783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) initiated a process in 2012 to revise the S1B Guideline "Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals". Previous retrospective analysis indicated the importance of histopathological risk factors in chronic toxicity studies, evidence of endocrine perturbation, and positive genetic toxicology results as potentially predictive indicators of carcinogenic risk. In addition, a relationship between pharmacodynamic activity and carcinogenicity outcome in long-term rodent studies has been reported. It was postulated that these factors could be evaluated in a Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) approach to predict the outcome of a 2-year rat study. Methods: The ICH S1B(R1) Expert Working Group (EWG) conducted a Prospective Evaluation Study (PES) to determine the regulatory feasibility of this WoE approach. Drug Regulatory Authorities (DRAs) evaluated 49 Carcinogenicity Assessment Documents (CADs), which describe the WoE for submitted pharmaceutical compounds. Each compound was categorized into a carcinogenic risk category including a statement of the value of the 2-year rat study. The outcome of the completed 2-year rat studies was evaluated in relation to the prospective CAD to determine the accuracy of predictions. Results: Based on the results of the PES, the EWG concluded that the evaluation process for assessing human carcinogenic risk of pharmaceuticals described in ICH S1B could be expanded to include a WoE approach. Approximately 27% of 2-year rat studies could be avoided in cases where DRAs and sponsors unanimously agreed that such a study would not add value. Discussion: Key factors supporting a WoE assessment were identified: data that inform carcinogenic potential based on drug target biology and the primary pharmacologic mechanism of the parent compound and major human metabolites; results from secondary pharmacology screens for this compound and major human metabolites that inform carcinogenic risk; histopathology data from repeated-dose toxicity studies; evidence for hormonal perturbation; genotoxicity data; and evidence of immune modulation. The outcome of the PES indicates that a WoE approach can be used in place of conducting a 2-year rat study for some pharmaceuticals. These data were used by the ICH S1B(R1) EWG to write the R1 Addendum to the S1B Guideline published in August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bourcier
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Tania Cavaliero
- Swissmedic, Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Ebere
- Health Canada, Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Kumiko Ogawa
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Markku Pasanen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alisa Vespa
- Health Canada, Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Christopher Corton J, Mitchell CA, Auerbach S, Bushel JP, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Escobar PA, Froetschl R, Harrill AH, Johnson K, Klaunig JE, Pandiri AR, Podtelezhnikov AA, Rager JE, Tanis KQ, van der Laan JW, Vespa A, Yauk CL, Pettit SD, Sistare FD. A Collaborative Initiative to Establish Genomic Biomarkers for Assessing Tumorigenic Potential to Reduce Reliance on Conventional Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:4-16. [PMID: 35404422 PMCID: PMC9238304 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition across broad sectors of the scientific community that use of genomic biomarkers has the potential to reduce the need for conventional rodent carcinogenicity studies of industrial chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals through a weight-of-evidence approach. These biomarkers fall into 2 major categories: (1) sets of gene transcripts that can identify distinct tumorigenic mechanisms of action; and (2) cancer driver gene mutations indicative of rapidly expanding growth-advantaged clonal cell populations. This call-to-action article describes a collaborative approach launched to develop and qualify biomarker gene expression panels that measure widely accepted molecular pathways linked to tumorigenesis and their activation levels to predict tumorigenic doses of chemicals from short-term exposures. Growing evidence suggests that application of such biomarker panels in short-term exposure rodent studies can identify both tumorigenic hazard and tumorigenic activation levels for chemical-induced carcinogenicity. In the future, this approach will be expanded to include methodologies examining mutations in key cancer driver gene mutation hotspots as biomarkers of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic chemical tumor risk. Analytical, technical, and biological validation studies of these complementary genomic tools are being undertaken by multisector and multidisciplinary collaborative teams within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Success from these efforts will facilitate the transition from current heavy reliance on conventional 2-year rodent carcinogenicity studies to more rapid animal- and resource-sparing approaches for mechanism-based carcinogenicity evaluation supporting internal and regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Corton
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Pierre Bushel
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Escobar
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Roland Froetschl
- BfArM-Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alison H Harrill
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Julia E Rager
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith Q Tanis
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Jan Willem van der Laan
- Section on Pharmacology, Toxicology and Kinetics, Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa Vespa
- Therapeutic Products Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Syril D Pettit
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank D Sistare
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Nakrieko KA, Vespa A, Mason D, Irvine TS, D'Souza SJA, Dagnino L. Modulation of integrin-linked kinase nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling by ILKAP and CRM1. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:2157-66. [PMID: 18635968 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.14.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) plays key roles in a variety of cell functions, including cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Within the cell, ILK localizes to multiple sites, including the cytoplasm, focal adhesion complexes that mediate cell adhesion to extracellular substrates, as well as cell-cell junctions in epidermal keratinocytes. Central to understanding ILK function is the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate its subcellular localization. We now demonstrate that ILK is imported into the nucleus through sequences in its N-terminus, via active transport mechanisms that involve nuclear pore complexes. In addition, nuclear ILK can be rapidly exported into the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent pathway, and its export is enhanced by the type 2C protein phosphatase ILKAP. Nuclear localization of ILK in epidermal keratinocytes is associated with increased DNA synthesis, which is sensitive to inhibition by ILKAP. Our studies demonstrate the importance for keratinocyte proliferation of ILK regulation through changes in its subcellular localization, and establish ILKAP and CRM1 as pivotal modulators of ILK subcellular distribution and activity in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry-Ann Nakrieko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Regulatory Biology and Functional Genomics Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Ivanova IA, Vespa A, Dagnino L. A novel mechanism of E2F1 regulation via nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: determinants of nuclear import and export. Cell Cycle 2007; 6:2186-95. [PMID: 17786044 DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.17.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 is a transcription factor central for cell survival, proliferation, and repair following genomic insult. Depending on the cell type and conditions, E2F1 can induce apoptosis in transformed cells, behaving as a tumour suppressor, or impart growth advantages favouring tumour formation. The pleiotropic functions of E2F1 are a likely consequence of its ability to transcriptionally control a wide variety of target genes, and require tight regulation of its activity at multiple levels. Although sequestration of proteins to particular cellular compartments is a well-established regulatory mechanism, virtually nothing is known about its contribution to modulation of E2F1 target gene expression. We have examined the subcellular trafficking of E2F1 and, contrary to the widely held notion that this factor is constitutively nuclear, we now demonstrate that it is subjected to continuous nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. We have also defined two nuclear localization domains and a nuclear export region, which mediates CRM1-dependent transit out of the nucleus. The predominant subcellular location of E2F1 is likely determined by the balance between the activity of nuclear import and export domains, and can be modulated by differentiation stimuli in epidermal cells. Thus, we have identified a hitherto unrecognized mechanism to control E2F1 function through modulation of its subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iordanka A Ivanova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Regulatory Biology and Functional Genomics Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multidomain protein involved in cell motility and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. ILK is found in integrin-containing focal adhesions in undifferentiated primary epidermal keratinocytes. Induction of keratinocyte differentiation by treatment with Ca(2+) triggers formation of cell-cell junctions, loss of focal adhesions, and ILK distribution to cell borders. We now show that Ca(2+) treatment of keratinocytes induces rapid (<or=1 h) translocation to the cell membrane of the adherens junction (AJ) proteins E-cadherin and beta-catenin. This is followed by slower (>6 h) localization of tight junction (TJ) proteins. The kinetics of ILK movement toward the cell periphery mimics that of AJ components, suggesting that ILK plays a role in the early formation of cell-cell contacts. Whereas the N terminus in ILK mediates localization to cell borders, expression of an ILK deletion mutant incapable of localizing to the cell membrane (ILK 191-452) interferes with translocation of E-cadherin/beta-catenin to cell borders, precluding Ca(2+)-induced AJ formation. Cells expressing ILK 191-452 also fail to form TJ and sealed cell-cell borders and do not form epithelial sheets. Thus, we have uncovered a novel role for ILK in epithelial cell-cell adhesion, independent of its well-established role in integrin-mediated adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Vespa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Regulatory Biology and Functional Genomics Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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7
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Di Filippo F, Patrizi V, Cavaliere F, Garinei R, Anzà M, Perri P, Botti C, Di Filippo S, Vespa A. [Doxorubicin in antiblastic hyperthermic perfusion in the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs]. Suppl Tumori 2005; 4:S126-7. [PMID: 16437946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Different antineoplastic drugs have been associated to hyperthermia in the treatment of advanced soft tissue limb sarcoma with a good results in terms of conservative surgery (77%-97%), locoregional control (77%-87%) and overall survival (72%). Two different studies were performed: the first was carried out to analyze the doxorubicin-TNFalpha-hyperthermia association (three different trials) in terms of toxicity and efficacy of the treatment (tumor response, locoregional control, disease free and overall survival). The results showed that the trimodality association (doxorubicin TNFalpha and hyperthermia) is the best regimen able to obtain a 77% of objective response and 77% of limb sparing in patients candidate to amputation but may result in high local toxicity if high temperatures (>41.5 degrees C) were maintained during perfusion. The second study describes the employment of liposomal doxorubicin in hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP) in terms of tumor response, conservative surgery and toxicity; the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of doxorubicin was 16 mg/l of perfused limb volume at the temperature of 41.5 degrees C; the conservative surgery was possible in 91% of the cases and mild (grade I and II) toxicity was observed in the perfused limb with high temperature (>41.5 degrees C).
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8
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Raimondi G, Strollo F, Legramante JM, Sacco S, Pallante M, Vespa A, Saltini C. Neuroendocrine changes involved in the genesis of HD-induced orthostatic intolerance. J Gravit Physiol 2004; 11:P63-4. [PMID: 16231457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the role played by norepinephrine and epinephrine in Symptomatic (S) vs Non-Symptomatic (NS) subjects within a group of healthy volunteers undergoing a 4-hour-head-down bed rest study at -6 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raimondi
- Internal Medicine Dept., Biomedicine Space Center, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
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9
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Vespa A, Darmon AJ, Turner CE, D'Souza SJA, Dagnino L. Ca2+-dependent localization of integrin-linked kinase to cell junctions in differentiating keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:11528-35. [PMID: 12547824 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208337200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin complexes are necessary for proper proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Differentiation of these cells is accompanied by down-regulation of integrins and focal adhesions as well as formation of intercellular adherens junctions through E-cadherin homodimerization. A central component of integrin adhesion complexes is integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which can induce loss of E-cadherin expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation when ectopically expressed in intestinal and mammary epithelia. In cultured primary mouse keratinocytes, we find that ILK protein levels are independent of integrin expression and signaling, since they remain constant during Ca(2+)-induced differentiation. In contrast, keratinocyte differentiation is accompanied by marked reduction in kinase activity in ILK immunoprecipitates and altered ILK subcellular distribution. Specifically, ILK distributes in close apposition to actin fibers along intercellular junctions in differentiated but not in undifferentiated keratinocytes. ILK localization to cell-cell borders occurs independently of integrin signaling and requires Ca(2+) as well as an intact actin cytoskeleton. Further, and in contrast to what is observed in other epithelial cells, ILK overexpression in differentiated keratinocytes does not promote E-cadherin down-regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, novel tissue-specific mechanisms control the formation of ILK complexes associated with cell-cell junctions in differentiating murine epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Vespa
- Department of Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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10
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Abstract
E2F factors are involved in proliferation and apoptosis. To understand the role of E2F-1 in the epidermis, we screened wild type and E2F-1(-/-) keratinocyte mRNA for genes differentially expressed in the two cell populations. We demonstrate the reduced expression of integrins alpha(5), alpha(6), beta(1), and beta(4) in E2F-1(-/-) keratinocytes associated with reduced activation of Jun terminal kinase and Erk upon integrin stimulation. As a consequence of altered integrin expression and function, E2F-1(-/-) keratinocytes also show impaired migration, adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, and a blunted chemotactic response to transforming growth factor-gamma1. E2F-1(-/-) keratinocytes, but not dermal fibroblasts, exhibit altered patterns of proliferation, including significant delays in transit through both G(1) and S phases of the cell cycle. Recognizing that proliferation and migration are key for proper wound healing in vivo, we postulated that E2F-1(-/-) mice may exhibit abnormal epidermal repair upon injury. Consistent with our hypothesis, E2F-1(-/-) mice exhibited impaired cutaneous wound healing. This defect is associated with substantially reduced local inflammatory responses and rates of re-epithelialization. Thus, we demonstrate that E2F-1 is indispensable for a hitherto unidentified cell type-specific and unique role in keratinocyte proliferation, adhesion, and migration as well as in proper wound repair and epidermal regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Jude Anthony D'Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Child Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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11
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Vespa A, Gori S, Bonaiuto S, Cruciani G, Spazzafumo L. Validation of the Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory (CMAI-long form) on a sample of Italian demented patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2002; 8:377-83. [PMID: 14764418 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(02)00135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Vespa
- National Intitute of Research and Care for Eldrely, Department of Gerontological Research, Ancona, Italy.
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12
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Gori G, Pientini S, Vespa A. The selection of meaningful activities as a treatment for day-care in dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr Suppl 2001; 7:207-12. [PMID: 11431066 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(01)00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Gori
- Ospedale I Fraticini. INRCA, Firenze, Italy
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13
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Porru D, Campus G, Tudino D, Valdes E, Vespa A, Scarpa R, Usai E. Results of Treatment of Refractory Interstitial Cystitis With Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Porru
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - G. Campus
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - D. Tudino
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - E. Valdes
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - A. Vespa
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - R.M. Scarpa
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
| | - E. Usai
- Clinica Urologica, Universita di Cagliari and Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS Trinita, Cagliari, Italia
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Porru D, Campus G, Tudino D, Valdes E, Vespa A, Scarpa RM, Usai E. Results of treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis with intravesical hyaluronic acid. Urol Int 1997; 59:26-9. [PMID: 9313320 DOI: 10.1159/000283012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic benign disease of the bladder that causes bothersome and debilitating symptoms and mainly affects women. Since interstitial cystitis (IC) might result from a defective glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder epithelium, we conducted a trial of hyaluronic acid (HA), used intravesically, to test its activity in the treatment of this disease. A total of 10 patients with typical findings of IC were included. Following bladder catheterisation, the patients received a dose of 40 mg, weekly for 6 weeks, and then monthly. Response to therapy was evaluated by comparing the pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom scores and voiding diaries. There was a 30% positive response rate at week 6, which was maintained until week 24. No significant local or general side-effects were noted during the course of treatment. Although we recorded a low incidence of success in our group of patients, the results of our limited study were satisfactory in the group of responsive patients (30%), who had no relapses during the observation period of 6 months. The intravesical administration of HA was well tolerated in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porru
- Clinica Urologica, Università di Cagliari, Italia
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15
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Fraticelli A, Gesuita R, Vespa A, Paciaroni E. Congestive heart failure in the elderly requiring hospital admission. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996; 23:225-38. [PMID: 15374142 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(96)00731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1996] [Revised: 07/25/1996] [Accepted: 07/27/1996] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fifty consecutive elderly (> 60 years) patients admitted to our department with congestive heart failure (CHF) entered a prospective database, to define their main clinical, instrumental and cognitive characteristics. In addition we evaluated the patterns of drug therapy in this aged population. Eighty percent of this sample had been previously hospitalized for CHF. Two or more associated diseases were present in 92%. Heart disease was ischemic or hypertensive in etiology in 80% of patients. Acute dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom. Atrial fibrillation or flutter were found in 38% of patients. Ultrasound evaluation evidenced left ventricular dysfunction of a systolic type in 49% and of a diastolic type in 28.6% of subjects. Diuretics and cardiac glycosides were the most widely administered drugs, followed by ACE-inhibitors, nitrates and dobutamine. Older ( >or= 75 years) patients were treated with more agents, with a trend to a lesser use of dobutamine. Moderate to severe mental deficit was present in 20.8% of our sample, while significant depression was more common (54.2%). The main implications of the clinical profile of the elderly patient hospitalized for CHF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraticelli
- Cardiology Department, I.N.R.C.A.-I.R.C.C.S., Via della Montagnola, 164, I-60131, Ancona AN, Italy
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16
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Valdès E, Borzoni F, Onnis D, Piras S, Vespa A, Varsi C. [Disseminated Pneumocystis carinii infection: clinico-pathologic findings in an AIDS patient]. Pathologica 1994; 86:659-64. [PMID: 7617399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PcP) is the most frequent cause of death in AIDS patients. Systemic diffusion of this microorganism is a rare event, mostly reported in patients receiving prophylactic aerosol therapy. The case here described is relative to a 29 years old man with AIDS, dead short by after hospital admission. Radiological and ecoscan examinations revealed structural subversion of liver and spleen, with frequent parenchymal calcification. Post mortem histological examination of lung, liver, spleen, heart, bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidney and hypophysis identified the presence of Pc, confirmed by monoclonal specified antibody immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Valdès
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale SS. Trinità, Cagliari
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Raimondi G, Legramante JM, Cassarino S, Iellamo F, Vespa A, Peruzzi G, Tallarida G. Cardiorespiratory effects evoked by electrical stimulation of somatic afferent fibers. Funct Neurol 1991; 6:243-7. [PMID: 1743536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several neurophysiological studies have shown that electrical activation of afferent fibers of somatic nerves can evoke inhibitory or excitatory cardiovascular responses. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects induced by electrical stimulation of somatic nerves on cardiocirculatory and respiratory functions in anesthetized rabbits. Both low frequency stimulation and high frequency stimulation of afferent fibers of somatic nerves caused two distinct patterns of cardiocirculatory and respiratory reflex responses absolutely similar to those observed in our previous experiments on rabbits with dynamic and static exercise. The present findings do not support the existence in the somatic nerves of afferent fibers with cardiorespiratory effect having physiological functions different from that of producing cardiopulmonary adjustments to muscular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raimondi
- Department of Internal Medicine, 2nd University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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