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Fred EJ, Minardi S, Goodwin AM, Nandurkar TS, Plantz MA, Lyons JG, Paul JT, Foley JP, Wintring AJ, Furman AA, Jeong S, Yun C, Stock SR, Hsu WK, Hsu EL. A Mechanistic and Preclinical Assessment of BioRestore Bioactive Glass as a Synthetic Bone Graft Extender and Substitute for Osteoinduction and Spine Fusion. Clin Spine Surg 2024:01933606-990000000-00281. [PMID: 38531819 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Preclinical animal study. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the osteoinductivity and bone regenerative capacity of BioRestore bioactive glass. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA BioRestore is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved bone void filler that has not yet been evaluated as a bone graft extender or substitute for spine fusion. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to compare BioRestore with other biomaterials for the capacity to promote osteodifferentiation and spinal fusion. The materials evaluated (1) absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), (2) allograft, (3) BioRestore, (4) Human Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM), and (5) MasterGraft. For in vitro studies, rat bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) were cultured on the materials in either standard or osteogenic media (SM, OM), followed by quantification of osteogenic marker genes (Runx2, Osx, Alpl, Bglap, Spp1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Sixty female Fischer rats underwent L4-5 posterolateral fusion (PLF) with placement of 1 of 5 implants: (1) ICBG from syngeneic rats; (2) ICBG+BioRestore; (3) BioRestore alone; (4) ICBG+Allograft; or (5) ICBG+MasterGraft. Spines were harvested 8 weeks postoperatively and evaluated for bone formation and fusion via radiography, blinded manual palpation, microCT, and histology. RESULTS After culture for 1 week, BioRestore promoted similar expression levels of Runx2 and Osx to cells grown on DBM. At the 2-week timepoint, the relative ALP activity for BioRestore-OM was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of ACS-OM and DBM-OM (P<0.01) and statistically equivalent to cells grown on allograft-OM. In vivo, radiographic and microCT evaluation showed some degree of bridging bone formation in all groups tested, with the exception of BioRestore alone, which did not produce successful fusions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the capacity of BioRestore to promote osteoinductivity in vitro. In vivo, BioRestore performed similarly to commercially available bone graft extender materials but was incapable of producing fusion as a bone graft substitute. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianna J Fred
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Silvia Minardi
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Tejas S Nandurkar
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark A Plantz
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph G Lyons
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan T Paul
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - James P Foley
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Allison J Wintring
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew A Furman
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Chawon Yun
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Erin L Hsu
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Hiltzik DM, Goodwin AM, Kurapaty SS, Inglis JE, Pagadala MS, Edelstein AI, Hsu WK. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Orthopedic Surgery-a Narrative Review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2024; 17:37-46. [PMID: 38133764 PMCID: PMC10805751 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The importance of the gut microbiome has received increasing attention in recent years. New literature has revealed significant associations between gut health and various orthopedic disorders, as well as the potential for interventions targeting the gut microbiome to prevent disease and improve musculoskeletal outcomes. We provide a broad overview of available literature discussing the links between the gut microbiome and pathogenesis and management of orthopedic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Human and animal models have characterized the associations between gut microbiome dysregulation and diseases of the joints, spine, nerves, and muscle, as well as the physiology of bone formation and fracture healing. Interventions such as probiotic supplementation and fecal transplant have shown some promise in ameliorating the symptoms or slowing the progression of these disorders. We aim to aid discussions regarding optimization of patient outcomes in the field of orthopedic surgery by providing a narrative review of the available evidence-based literature involving gut microbiome dysregulation and its effects on orthopedic disease. In general, we believe that the gut microbiome is a viable target for interventions that can augment current management models and lead to significantly improved outcomes for patients under the care of orthopedic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hiltzik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Steven S Kurapaty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Inglis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Manasa S Pagadala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA.
| | - Adam I Edelstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60622, USA
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Inglis JE, Goodwin AM, Divi SN, Hsu WK. Advances in Synthetic Grafts in Spinal Fusion Surgery. Int J Spine Surg 2023; 17:S18-S27. [PMID: 37748919 PMCID: PMC10753330 DOI: 10.14444/8557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative spine disease is increasing in prevalence as the global population ages, indicating a need for targeted therapies and continued innovations. While autograft and allograft have historically demonstrated robust results in spine fusion surgery, they have significant limitations and associated complications such as infection, donor site morbidity and pain, and neurovascular injury. Synthetic grafts may provide similar success while mitigating negative outcomes. A narrative literature review was performed to review available synthetic materials that aim to optimize spinal fusion. The authors specifically address the evolution of synthetics and comment on future trends. Novel synthetic materials currently in use include ceramics, synthetic polymers and peptides, bioactive glasses, and peptide amphiphiles, and the authors focus on their success in both human and animal models, physical properties, advantages, and disadvantages. Advantages include properties of osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteogenesis, whereas disadvantages encompass a lack of these properties or growth factor-induced complications. Typically, the use of synthetic materials results in fewer complications and lower costs. While the development and tuning of synthetic materials are ongoing, there are many beneficial alternatives to autografts and allografts with promising fusion results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Inglis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Srikanth N Divi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Goodwin AM, Hsu WK. Congenital Cervical Stenosis: a Review of the Current Literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2023; 16:438-445. [PMID: 37452915 PMCID: PMC10427602 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital cervical stenosis (CCS) is a phenomenon in which an individual has a narrow canal due to abnormal anatomy which can present with earlier degenerative symptoms due to a reduced sagittal diameter. The diagnosis of CCS is important to individual treatment and preventative measures. Often, athletes are warned against sport participation that may cause damage to the cervical spine. There may be a predisposition in certain populations, but lack of data limits conclusions. The current review investigates recent literature on the definition, pathoanatomy, clinical presentation, and management of CCS. It specifically interrogates potential populations predisposed to this condition. RECENT FINDINGS The current literature reveals a potential predisposition for CCS in the black population when compared to the white population; however, many studies do not report race when discussing CCS patients. The lack of data limits a consensus on specific populations with a congenitally narrow canal. CCS may be more prevalent in specific populations. With knowledge of populations more at risk for this condition, physicians and teams can be alert when evaluating players and young adults. Furthermore, this may provide insight into risk for symptoms with degenerative disease. These findings introduce an avenue for further research into CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Wellington K Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute (SQI), Northwestern University, 303 E Superior, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Bajaj A, Shah RM, Goodwin AM, Kurapaty S, Patel AA, Divi SN. The Role of Preoperative Vitamin D in Spine Surgery. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2022; 16:48-54. [PMID: 36538281 PMCID: PMC9889582 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-022-09813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient for human bone health and maintenance. Patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with hypovitaminosis D may be at greater risk for worsened clinical outcomes. This narrative review aims to compile the current literature studying the effects of low preoperative vitamin D on spine surgery outcomes, creating a resource that clinicians can use to inform their practice. RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin D deficiency predisposes to worse outcomes following spine surgery. Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in reducing the risk for adverse postoperative events; however, the literature is inconclusive regarding its efficacy in improving bone density and fracture risk. Spine clinicians should be aware of the increased risk for poor outcomes in patients with preoperative vitamin D deficiency. Future investigations are needed to better evaluate the benefits of preoperative vitamin D screening and supplementation on improving surgical outcomes in spine patients. These studies must also consider the effects on perioperative healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitesh Bajaj
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Rohan M. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Alyssa M. Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Steven Kurapaty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Alpesh A. Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Srikanth N. Divi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Casillo SM, Venkatesh A, Muthiah N, Agarwal N, Scott T, Romani R, Fernández LL, Aristizabal S, Ginalis EE, Ozair A, Bhat V, Faruqi A, Bajaj A, Sonkar AA, Ikeda DS, Chiocca EA, Lonser RR, Sutton TE, McGregor JM, Rea GL, Schunemann VA, Ngwenya LB, Marlin ES, Porensky PN, Shaikhouni A, Huntoon K, Dornbos D, Shaw AB, Powers CJ, Gluski JM, Culver LG, Goodwin AM, Ham S, Marupudi NI, Bhat DI, Berry KM, Wu EM, Wang MY. Biographies of international women leaders in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 50:E19. [PMID: 33789227 DOI: 10.3171/2021.1.focus201096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We received so many biographies of women neurosurgery leaders for this issue that only a selection could be condensed here. In all of them, the essence of a leader shines through. Many are included as "first" of their country or color or other achievement. All of them are included as outstanding-in clinical, academic, and organized neurosurgery. Two defining features are tenacity and service. When faced with shocking discrimination, or numbing indifference, they ignored it or fought valiantly. When choosing their life's work, they chose service, often of the most neglected-those with pain, trauma, and disability. These women inspire and point the way to a time when the term "women leaders" as an exception is unnecessary.-Katharine J. Drummond, MD, on behalf of this month's topic editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Casillo
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anisha Venkatesh
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nallammai Muthiah
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa Scott
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, Warwickshire
| | - Rossana Romani
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L Fernández
- 4Faculty of Medicine, El Bosque University, Semillero Investigación Neurotrauma, Group of Investigation INUB-MEDITECH, Institute of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sarita Aristizabal
- 4Faculty of Medicine, El Bosque University, Semillero Investigación Neurotrauma, Group of Investigation INUB-MEDITECH, Institute of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth E Ginalis
- 5Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ahmad Ozair
- 6Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - Vivek Bhat
- 7Faculty of Medicine, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore
| | - Arjumand Faruqi
- 6Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - Ankur Bajaj
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow
| | - Abhinav Arun Sonkar
- 9Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Daniel S Ikeda
- 10Department of Surgery, US Naval Hospital Okinawa, Japan
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- 11Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russell R Lonser
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tracy E Sutton
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John M McGregor
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gary L Rea
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victoria A Schunemann
- 13Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura B Ngwenya
- 14Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Evan S Marlin
- 15Department of Neurosurgery, St. Luke's University Hospital, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul N Porensky
- 16Service of Neurosurgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, California
| | - Ammar Shaikhouni
- 17Division of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristin Huntoon
- 18Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Dornbos
- 19Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Clinic and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew B Shaw
- 20Department of Neurosurgery, Baptist Medical Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ciarán J Powers
- 12Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jacob M Gluski
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Lauren G Culver
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Steven Ham
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit.,22Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Neena I Marupudi
- 21Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit.,22Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dhananjaya I Bhat
- 23Department of Neurosurgery, Aster RV Hospital, Bangalore, India; and
| | - Katherine M Berry
- 24Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eva M Wu
- 24Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael Y Wang
- 24Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Gall AJ, Goodwin AM, Khacherian OS, Teal LB. Superior Colliculus Lesions Lead to Disrupted Responses to Light in Diurnal Grass Rats ( Arvicanthis niloticus). J Biol Rhythms 2019; 35:45-57. [PMID: 31619104 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419881920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system regulates daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. Although extraordinary advances have been made to elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying the circadian system in nocturnal species, less is known in diurnal species. Recent studies have shown that retinorecipient brain areas such as the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and olivary pretectal nucleus (OPT) are critical for the display of normal patterns of daily activity in diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus). Specifically, grass rats with IGL and OPT lesions respond to light in similar ways to intact nocturnal animals. Importantly, both the IGL and OPT project to one another in nocturnal species, and there is evidence that these 2 brain regions also project to the superior colliculus (SC). The SC receives direct retinal input, is involved in the triggering of rapid eye movement sleep in nocturnal rats, and is disproportionately large in the diurnal grass rat. The objective of the current study was to use diurnal grass rats to test the hypothesis that the SC is critical for the expression of diurnal behavior and physiology. We performed bilateral electrolytic lesions of the SC in female grass rats to examine behavioral patterns and acute responses to light. Most grass rats with SC lesions expressed significantly reduced activity in the presence of light. Exposing these grass rats to constant darkness reinstated activity levels during the subjective day, suggesting that light masks their ability to display a diurnal activity profile in 12:12 LD. Altogether, our data suggest that the SC is critical for maintaining normal responses to light in female grass rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College, Holland, Michigan
| | - Alyssa M Goodwin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College, Holland, Michigan
| | - Ohanes S Khacherian
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College, Holland, Michigan
| | - Laura B Teal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College, Holland, Michigan
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Fogo GM, Goodwin AM, Khacherian OS, Ledbetter BJ, Gall AJ. The effects of ambient temperature and lighting intensity on wheel-running behavior in a diurnal rodent, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 133:215-222. [PMID: 30394785 DOI: 10.1037/com0000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions, such as the light-dark cycle and temperature, affect the display of circadian rhythmicity and locomotor activity patterns in mammals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that manipulating these environmental conditions would affect wheel-running activity patterns in a diurnal rodent, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). Grass rats are diurnal in the field, however, a subset switch from a day-active pattern to a night-active pattern of activity after the introduction of a running wheel. The mechanism of this chronotype switch remains largely unknown. In the present study, grass rats were presented with running wheels in 12:12 light-dark conditions. First, subjects were exposed to 25 °C during the day and 21 °C at night, which resulted in 100% of grass rats expressing diurnal behavior. Subjects were then exposed to manipulations of elevated ambient temperature, which resulted in a significant reduction in wheel-running activity. Reducing ambient temperature below 21 °C, however, did not disrupt the expression of diurnality or overall activity. Next, lighting intensity was reduced, which resulted in a switch from a diurnal to a nocturnal chronotype in a subset of animals and reduced overall wheel-running activity. Upon return to baseline lighting intensity, patterns of diurnal activity were restored. Altogether, increases in ambient temperature and decreases in lighting intensity significantly reduced overall wheel-running activity. Importantly, dim light resulted in a temporal niche switch in a subset of grass rats, suggesting a critical role for lighting intensity on the expression of wheel-running activity patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M Fogo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Gall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Hope College
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Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway regulates normal development as well as a variety of pathologies. Studies of the Wnt pathway have focused largely on very early development and on tumorigenesis. Recent observations point to a role for Wnt signaling in vessel development and pathology. Although not yet investigated systematically, several Wnt ligands have been demonstrated to be expressed in the cells of blood vessels in vivo and in vitro, including Wnt-2, -5a, -7a and -10b. Mice deficient for Wnt-2 display vascular abnormalities including defective placental vasculature. Wnt receptors, called frizzled (Fz), are also expressed by vascular cells in culture and in situ. Of the 10 murine Fz identified to date, Fz-1, -2, -3, and -5 have been demonstrated in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells; mice deficient for Fz-5 display vascular abnormalities and are embryonic lethal. Two soluble, naturally occurring Wnt antagonists, frizzled-related proteins (FRP)-1 and -3, are also expressed by vascular cells. Stabilization of the downstream signaling component beta-catenin in blood vessels has been demonstrated in several developmental and pathologic states, further supporting the idea that Wnt signaling plays an important regulatory role in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Goodwin
- The Schepens Eye Research Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Goodwin AM, Gore V. Managing the stresses of nursing people with severe and enduring mental illness: a psychodynamic observation study of a long-stay psychiatric ward. Br J Med Psychol 2000; 73 ( Pt 3):311-25. [PMID: 11003372 DOI: 10.1348/000711200160534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The task of nursing people with severe and enduring mental illness can evoke stresses and anxieties for staff which are not consciously known about, but which, nevertheless, impinge upon the quality of care delivered. As a way of exploring this issue, the interactions between staff and between staff and residents in long-term residential care were observed. Alongside efforts to rehabilitate residents, nurses behaved in ways at variance with this task. These behaviours seemed to serve a function of protecting the staff group from the unconscious anxieties the work provoked. These can be understood in terms of three fundamental anxieties regarding the client group, stemming from their mental illness (fears of 'madness' and loss of control), the severity of their disabilities (responsibility and vulnerability), and the chronicity of their difficulties (failure and despair). Better ways of managing these anxieties may be possible if they can be known and thought about.
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Abstract
Regular observations were made of a group of residents and staff on a long stay psychiatric ward and in the early months following their move to the community. During the period before the move, staff and residents colluded to prevent residents' active involvement in the preparations. Immediately following the move, staff seemed unsure of their roles and value, and residents expressed continued uncertainty about their identity as psychiatric patients versus members of the community. The results were interpreted in terms of the threat that transition from hospital to community represents to the defensive social structures developed by each group to cope with the anxieties inherent in their position. For the residents, this threat is to their already ambiguous identities as neither "mad" nor "normal". For the staff, it means greater intimacy with the residents and raises expectations of improvement that may not be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Goodwin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Nottinghamshire Healthcare (NHS) Trust, Millbrook Mental Health Unit, Sutton in Ashfield, UK
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Foster JE, Nicholson JM, Butcher R, Stables JP, Edafiogho IO, Goodwin AM, Henson MC, Smith CA, Scott KR. Synthesis, characterization and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. Part 6: Synthesis of substituted vinylic benzamides as potential anticonvulsants. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2415-25. [PMID: 10632051 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comparison of enaminones from various unsubstituted and p-substituted benzamides to the analogous benzylamines has been undertaken with the aim of elucidating the essential structural parameters necessary for anticonvulsant activity. Initial studies on methyl 4-N-(benzylamino)-6-methyl-2-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-oate, 3a, 3-N-(benzylamino)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 3p, and 5,5-dimethyl-3-N-(benzylamino)-cyclohex-2-en-1-one, 3r indicated that benzylamines possessed significant anti-maximal electroshock seizure (MES) activity. Evaluation of the analogous benzamides revealed significant differences in anticonvulsant activity, these differences were most probably related to the differences in their three-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Laws ML, Roberts RR, Nicholson JM, Butcher R, Stables JP, Goodwin AM, Smith CA, Scott KR. Synthesis, characterization, and anticonvulsant activity of enaminones. Part 5: investigations on 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothizin-4[10H]-one derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:2289-99. [PMID: 9925291 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)80009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new series of anticonvulsant 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-on es is herein reported. 2-Aminothiophenols underwent cyclocondensation with 4-carboalkoxy-5-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diones in refluxing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to yield 3-carboalkoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-on es, 4ak. In the case of the carbo-tert-butoxy derivatives (4c and 4k) prolonged reaction times led to the isolation of the respective 3-unsubstituted-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-phenothiazin-4[10H]-ones (41 and 4m) instead. Significant anticonvulsant activity was displayed by these analogues, most particularly 4k, which was active at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) in mice in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) evaluation, with no toxicity noted at dosages up to 300 mg/kg. Oral (p.o.) rat evaluation of 4k in the MES evaluation provided an ED50 of 17.60 mg/kg, with no toxicity noted at dosages up to 500 mg/kg, providing a protective index (PI = TD50/ED50) > 28.40. These compounds represent the first reported series of phenothiazines which possess anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Laws
- DuPont Merck Company, Chemical & Physical Sciences, R & D Experimental Station, Wilmington, DE 19880-0500, USA
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Abstract
In order to identify some of the variables influencing public level of acceptance and attitudes towards people with a mental illness, a social distance scale accompanying a case vignette was sent to 488 postal respondents. The vignette contained systematically varied residence labels (psychiatric hospital/community) and behaviours (disturbed/control). There was a 43 per cent response rate. The results showed that social rejection was influenced by the behaviour described in the vignette, the respondents' judgement about the behaviour, and the respondents' previous contact with people with mental illness. The given residence label had an impact on only one component of social rejection and only for those presented with the control vignette. The findings are discussed in relation to current community care policies.
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Abstract
Assumptions tend to be made about the value of long-stay psychiatric patients living on mixed-sex wards. In this study the views of 71 patients living on single-sex continuing care wards were elicited using a six-item structured interview. The data were analysed by quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show that the majority of patients preferred single-sex living. The benefits and problems of surveys with this population are discussed as well as the implications for decisions about the structure and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hingley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
A case of transient ischaemic attack lasting 6 h occurred after spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine. The level of sensory block was satisfactory and there was no significant hypotension. We discuss the possible cause of this previously undescribed complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chung
- Anaesthetic Department, St George's Hospital, London
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Goodwin AM. Oral manifestations of AIDS. An overview. Dent Hyg (Chic) 1987; 61:304-8. [PMID: 3474177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
A questionnaire was sent by the British Diabetic Association to hospital consultant physicians caring for diabetic patients in the UK to estimate the number of ethnic minority patients attending British Diabetic clinics, and the availability of special facilities for their care. Sixty-two clinics were estimated to have at least 50 Asian patients, and 25 had at least 200 Asian patients. For Afro-Caribbeans the corresponding figures were 33 and 14 clinics, respectively. Clinics serving a relatively high proportion of these patient groups were situated primarily in Greater London, the Midlands and the North West. Approximately 40% of clinics with over 50 Asians had no specifically adapted diet sheets, and 34% had no hospital interpreter service. Tapes, slides or video presentations were available in only eight clinics. There is an urgent need to improve the provision of special facilities to clinics with substantial numbers of ethnic minority patients.
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Briggs E, Lupovici EM, Goodwin AM. The effects of relaxation therapy on dental hygiene students' clinical performance: a pilot study. Educ Dir Dent Aux 1984; 9:16-21. [PMID: 6394276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Goodwin AM. Precambrian Geology:
Geological Evolution of the Earth During the Precambrian
. Lazarus J. Salop. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983. xii, 460 pp., illus. $65.80. Translated from the Russian edition (Lenigrad, 1982) by V. P. Grudina. Science 1983; 222:923-4. [PMID: 17738481 DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4626.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The Precambrian record is interpreted in terms of an evolutionary progression that moves in the direction of increasing continental stability. An early, highly mobile microplate tectonics phase progressed through a more stable, largely intracratonic, ensialic, mobile belt phase to the modern macroplate tectonics phase that involves large, rigid lithospheric plates. Various phases are characterized by distinctive crustal associations. Three controls-bulk earth heat production, crustal fractionation and cratonization, and atmospheric oxygen accumulation-are viewed as the cumulative cause of the trends and events that characterize the crust at different stages of development, from its inception approximately 4.6 billion years ago to the present.
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Abbott AC, Goodwin AM, Meltzer S. THE EFFECT OF TRACHEAL COMPRESSION ON THE THYROID GLAND. Can Med Assoc J 1933; 28:481-489. [PMID: 20319095 PMCID: PMC402831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Abbott AC, Goodwin AM. OBSERVATIONS ON BONE FORMATION IN THE ABDOMINAL WALL FOLLOWING TRANSPLANTATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE URINARY BLADDER : A Preliminary Report. Can Med Assoc J 1932; 26:393-397. [PMID: 20318671 PMCID: PMC402280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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