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Lule SA, Kushitor SB, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Okoibhole L, Awuah R, Baatiema L, Kretchy IA, Arhinful D, de-Graft Aikins A, Koram K, Fottrell E. The contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) diabetes project: study design for a quantitative survey of diabetes prevalence and non-communicable disease risk in Ga Mashie, Accra, Ghana. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2297513. [PMID: 38323339 PMCID: PMC10851827 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2297513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is estimated to affect between 3.3% and 8.3% of adults in Ghana, and prevalence is expected to rise. The lack of cost-effective diabetes prevention programmes designed specifically for the Ghanaian population warrants urgent attention. The Contextual Awareness, Response and Evaluation (CARE): Diabetes Project in Ghana is a mixed methods study that aims to understand diabetes in the Ga Mashie area of Accra, identify opportunities for community-based intervention and inform future diabetes prevention and control strategies. This paper presents the study design for the quantitative survey within the CARE project. This survey will take place in the densely populated Ga Mashie area of Accra, Ghana. A household survey will be conducted using simple random sampling to select households from 80 enumeration areas identified in the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census. Trained enumerators will interview and collect data from permanent residents aged ≥ 25 years. Pregnant women and those who have given birth in the last six months will be excluded. Data analysis will use a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics, and all analyses will account for the cluster sampling design. Analyses will describe the prevalence of diabetes, other morbidities, and associated risk factors and identify the relationship between diabetes and physical, social, and behavioural parameters. This survey will generate evidence on drivers and consequences of diabetes and facilitate efforts to prevent and control diabetes and other NCDs in urban Ghana, with relevance for other low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana
- Department of Food Science and Centre for Sustainability Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mawuli Komla Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy, Fred Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Lydia Okoibhole
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raphael Awuah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Akwo Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Arhinful
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Kushitor SB, Alangea DO, Aryeetey R, de-Graft Aikins A. Dietary patterns among adults in three low-income urban communities in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293726. [PMID: 37943866 PMCID: PMC10635542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary patterns describe the dietary behaviour and habits of individuals. Unhealthy dietary patterns provide individuals with limited nutrients while increasing the risk of nutrition-related diseases. Unhealthy dietary patterns are high in urban areas, especially among low-income urban residents. This study examined dietary patterns in three low-income urban communities in Accra, Ghana, between 2011 and 2013. METHODS This study used Wave 2 and 3 data from the Urban Health and Poverty Survey (EDULINK 2011 and 2013). The sample size was 960 in 2011 and 782 in 2013. Dietary pattern was examined using factor analysis and the NOVA food classification system. Summary statistics were computed for sociodemographic characteristics and diet frequency and pattern. Differences in dietary behaviours between 2011 and 2013 were also estimated. Three logistic regression models were computed to determine the predictors of dietary patterns. RESULTS The frequency of consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) and fruits was higher in 2013 compared with 2011. The intake of processed culinary ingredients (NOVA Group 2), processed foods (NOVA Group 3) and ultra-processed foods (NOVA Group 4) was higher in 2013 versus 2011. In 2013, 29% consumed ultra-processed foods compared to 21% in 2011. Three dietary patterns (rice-based, snack-based, and staple and stew/soup) were identified. About two out of every five participants consumed the food items in the rice (43%) and staple and sauce patterns (40%). The proportion of participants who consumed the food items in the snack pattern was 35% in 2011 but 41% in 2013. Respondents aged 25-34 and those with higher education often consumed the snack-based and rice-based dietary patterns. In 2013, participants in Ussher Town had a higher probability of consuming food items in the snack pattern than those living in Agbogbloshie. CONCLUSIONS This study found that between 2011 and 2013, more participants consumed ASFs, fruits, and processed foods. A complex interplay of personal and socio-cultural factors influenced dietary intake. The findings of this study mirror global changes in diet and food systems, with important implications for the primary and secondary prevention of NCDs. Health promotion programs at the community level are needed to address the increasing levels of processed food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Department of Community Health, Ensign Global College, Kpong, Ghana
- Department of Food Science and Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Deda Ogum Alangea
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade O, Baatiema L, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Addo J, Agyemang C. How chronic conditions are understood, experienced and managed within African communities in Europe, North America and Australia: A synthesis of qualitative studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277325. [PMID: 36791113 PMCID: PMC9931108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the lived experiences of chronic conditions among African communities in the Global North, focusing on established immigrant communities as well as recent immigrant, refugee, and asylum-seeking communities. We conducted a systematic and narrative synthesis of qualitative studies published from inception to 2022, following a search from nine databases-MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Social Science Citation Index, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, SCOPUS and AMED. 39 articles reporting 32 qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. The studies were conducted in 10 countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States) and focused on 748 participants from 27 African countries living with eight conditions: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, prostate cancer, sickle cell disease, chronic hepatitis, chronic pain, musculoskeletal orders and mental health conditions. The majority of participants believed chronic conditions to be lifelong, requiring complex interventions. Chronic illness impacted several domains of everyday life-physical, sexual, psycho-emotional, social, and economic. Participants managed their illness using biomedical management, traditional medical treatment and faith-based coping, in isolation or combination. In a number of studies, participants took 'therapeutic journeys'-which involved navigating illness action at home and abroad, with the support of transnational therapy networks. Multi-level barriers to healthcare were reported across the majority of studies: these included individual (changing food habits), social (stigma) and structural (healthcare disparities). We outline methodological and interpretive limitations, such as limited engagement with multi-ethnic and intergenerational differences. However, the studies provide an important insights on a much-ignored area that intersects healthcare for African communities in the Global North and medical pluralism on the continent; they also raise important conceptual, methodological and policy challenges for national health programmes on healthcare disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Olutobi Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kafui Adjaye-Gbewonyo
- Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kretchy IA, Okoibhole LO, Sanuade OA, Jennings H, Strachan DL, Blandford A, Agyei F, Asante P, Todowede O, Kushitor M, Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Arhinful D, Baatiema L, Dankyi E, Grijalva-Eternod CS, Fottrell EF, de-Graft Aikins A. Scoping review of community health participatory research projects in Ghana. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2122304. [DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah Jennings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York and Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Daniel Ll Strachan
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann Blandford
- Department of Computer Science, UCLIC, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francis Agyei
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Paapa Asante
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Olamide Todowede
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mawuli Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Kafui Adjaye-Gbewonyo
- Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Daniel Arhinful
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Leonard Baatiema
- Department of Health Policy, School of Public Health, Planning and ManagementUniversity of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ernestina Dankyi
- Centre for Social Policy Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Carlos S. Grijalva-Eternod
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Sanuade OA, Kushitor MK, Awuah RB, Asante PY, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A. Lay knowledge of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in three communities in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049451. [PMID: 34907046 PMCID: PMC8671941 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana, and urban poor communities are disproportionately affected. Research has shown that knowledge of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the first step to risk reduction. This study examines knowledge of CVD and risk factors and determinants of CVD knowledge in three urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. METHODS Using the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale, which has been validated in Ghana, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with 775 respondents aged 15-59 years. CVD knowledge was computed as a continuous variable based on correct answers to 27 questions, and each correct response was assigned one point. Linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with CVD knowledge. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 30.3±10.8 years and the mean knowledge score was 19.3±4.8. About one-fifth of participants were living with chronic diseases. Overall, 71.1% had good CVD knowledge, and 28.9% had moderate or poor CVD knowledge. CVD knowledge was low in the symptoms and risk factor domains. A larger proportion received CVD knowledge from radio and television. The determinants of CVD knowledge included ethnicity, alcohol consumption, self-reported health and sources of CVD knowledge. CVD knowledge was highest among a minority Akan ethnic group, those who were current alcohol consumers and those who rated their health as very good/excellent, compared with their respective counterparts. CVD knowledge was significantly lower among those who received information from health workers and multiple sources. CONCLUSION This study underscores the need for health education programmes to promote practical knowledge on CVD symptoms, risks and treatment. We outline health systems and community-level barriers to good CVD knowledge and discuss the implications for developing context-specific and culturally congruent CVD primary prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Agyemang
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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de-Graft Aikins A, Sanuade O, Baatiema L, Asante PY, Agyei F, Asah-Ayeh V, Okai JAO, Osei-Tutu A, Koram K. COVID-19, chronic conditions and structural poverty: A social psychological assessment of the needs of a marginalized community in Accra, Ghana. J Soc Polit Psych 2021. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the African region COVID-19 infection and death rates are increasing (writing in May 2020), most deaths have occurred among individuals with chronic conditions, and poor communities face higher risks of infection and socio-economic insecurities. We assessed the psychosocial needs of a chronic illness support group in Accra, Ghana, within the context of their broader community. The community lives in structural poverty and has a complex burden of infectious and chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Between March and May 2020, we conducted interviews, group discussions, and surveys, with members of the support group and their caregivers, frontline healthcare workers, and religious and community leaders. Data was analysed through the social psychology of participation framework. Community members understood COVID-19 as a new public health threat and drew on eclectic sources of information to make sense of this. Members of the support group had psychosocial and material needs: they were anxious about infection risk as well as money, food and access to NCD treatment. Some community members received government food packages during the lockdown period. This support ended after lockdown in April and while anti-poverty COVID policies have been unveiled they have yet to be implemented. We discuss the impact of these representational, relational and power dynamics on the community’s access to COVID-19 and NCD support. We argue that strategies to address immediate and post-COVID needs of vulnerable communities have to focus on the politics and practicalities of implementing existing rights-based policies that intersect health, poverty reduction and social protection.
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Christian AK, Sanuade OA, Kushitor SB, Kushitor M, Kretchy I, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A. Metabolic syndrome among individuals living with hypertension in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253837. [PMID: 34669710 PMCID: PMC8528323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigate the prevalence and associated risky behaviour of MetS in resource-poor urban communities in Accra, Ghana. We analysed data on 111 persons with hypertension, screened and recruited for a therapeutic lifestyle intervention program in August 2015. MetS was measured using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization definitions. The prevalence of MetS was 58.4% and 16.8% by the IDF and WHO definitions respectively. More women (61.8%) compared to men (31.8%) had MetS (p = 0.011). Approximately 31% of the hypertensive patients were engaged in moderate-intensity physical activity; 9.0% were current smokers, 42.0% consumed excess alcohol over the past month prior to the interview and 41.0% discontinued taking their antihypertensive medications without consulting with a doctor. About 42.0% and 37.0% of respondents always consumed fruits and vegetables respectively at least two times a day. The binary logistic regression showed that compared to women, men had lower odds of consuming two or more servings of vegetable in a day (OR: 0.2; 95% CI; 0.1, 0.8). Increase in age was associated with higher odds of consuming fruits at least twice a day (1.0; 1.0, 1.1) but with lower odds of engaging in moderate intensity physical activity (0.9; 0.8, 1.0). Being married was associated with higher odds of engaging in moderate physical activity (2.8; 1.0, 8.2). Therapeutic methods essential for the management of patients with hypertension and MetS should include non-pharmacological remedies targeting the promotion of medication adherence, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and physical activities; these are vital to changing unhealthy lifestyle which worsens the underlying pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kobina Christian
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade
- Center for Global Cardiovascular Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois State, United States of America
| | - Sandra Boatemaa Kushitor
- Food Security Initiative and Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mawuli Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Irene Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Legon-Ghana
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Anum A, Adjorlolo S, Akotia CS, de-Graft Aikins A. Validation of the multidimensional WHOQOL-OLD in Ghana: A study among population-based healthy adults in three ethnically different districts. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02193. [PMID: 34142763 PMCID: PMC8413755 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Study of well-being of older adults, a rapidly growing demographic group in sub-Saharan Africa, depends on well-validated tools like the WHOQOL-OLD. This scale has been tested on different populations with reasonable validity results but has limited application in Africa. The specific goal of this paper was to examine the factor structure of the WHOQOL-OLD translated into three Ghanaian languages: Ga, Akan, and Kasem. We also tested group invariance for sex and for type of community (distinguished by ethnicity/language). METHODS We interviewed 353 older adults aged 60 years and above, selected from three ethnically and linguistically different communities. Using a cross-sectional design, we used purpose and convenience methods to select participants in three geographically and ethnically distinct communities. Each community was made up of selected rural, peri-urban, and urban communities in Ghana. The questionnaire was translated into three languages and administered to each respondent. RESULTS The results showed moderate to high internal consistency coefficient and factorial validity for the scale. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found that the results supported a multidimensional structure of the WHOQOL-OLD and that it did not differ for males and females, neither did it differ for different ethnic/linguistic groups. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the translated versions of the measure are adequate tools for evaluation of quality of life of older adults among the respective ethnic groups studied in Ghana. These results will also enable comparison of quality of life between older adults in Ghana and in other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adote Anum
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana.,Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charity S Akotia
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, UK.,Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
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Mtwisha L, Jackson J, Mitchel A, de-Graft Aikins A, Kebirungi H, Outtara K, Viney C. Early- and mid-career transitions to research leadership in Africa. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:74. [PMID: 34381872 PMCID: PMC8323068 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16540.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article examines the early-and mid-career transition to research leadership in Africa. Much of the available African literature on research leadership indicate several challenges related to poor conceptualisations of career transitions and gaps in the availability of research training. Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews (n=24) and focus groups (n=27) to identify key transition points of early career researchers (ECRs) and mid-career researchers (MCRs) in selected African countries. The qualitative data was complemented with quantitative survey questionnaires (n=250) and a triangulation approach was adopted to analyse the results. The findings were themed into different categories describing the common career paths, stages and challenges of research leaders. The latter part of the findings present a discussion on development approaches to attract and retain researchers in African universities. By focusing on the African continent, this study contributes to the current body of literature on research leadership in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mtwisha
- Research Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Jose Jackson
- Alliance for African Partnership, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Alison Mitchel
- Department of Diversity and Inclusion,, Lincoln University, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Karim Outtara
- Swiss Center for Scientific Research, Abidjan University, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Clare Viney
- Careers Research and Advisory Centre (CRAC) / Vitae, Cambridge, CB5 8LA, UK
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Bhopal R, Gruer L, Agyemang C, Davidovitch N, de-Graft Aikins A, Krasnik A, Martinez-Donate AP, Miranda JJ, Pottie K, Segal U, Zwi A, Kumar B. The Global Society on Migration, Ethnicity, Race and Health: why race can't be ignored even if it causes discomfort. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:3-4. [PMID: 33274353 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Bhopal
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Charles Agyemang
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- School of Public Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Allan Krasnik
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Jaime Miranda
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Lima, Peru.,CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Department of Family Medicine and School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Uma Segal
- School of Social Work, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Zwi
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernadette Kumar
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Sanuade OA, Dodoo FNA, Koram K, de-Graft Aikins A. Explanatory models of stroke in Ghana: perspectives of stroke survivors and their caregivers. Ethn Health 2021; 26:697-719. [PMID: 30922062 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1557116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines explanatory models (EMs) of stroke and its complications among people living with stroke, and their caregivers, in two urban poor communities in Accra (Ga Mashie) and Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra.Methods: Twenty-two stroke survivors and 29 caregivers were recruited from 2 urban poor communities in Accra and KBTH. Qualitative data were obtained using semi-structured interviews that lasted between 45 minutes and 2 hours. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed thematically, informed by the concept of EMs of illness.Results: Participants referred to stroke as a sudden event and they expressed different emotional responses after the stroke onset. Stroke survivors and their caregivers attributed stroke with poor lifestyle practices, high blood pressure, unhealthy diet and dietary practices, supernatural causes, stress, family history, other chronic diseases, and delay in treatment of symptoms. While the stroke survivors associated stroke complications with physical disability and stigmatisation, the caregivers associated these with physical disability, behavioural and psychological changes, cognitive disability and death. These associations were mostly influenced by the biomedical model of stroke.Conclusion: The biomedical model of stroke is important for developing interventions that will be accepted by the stroke survivors and the caregivers. Nevertheless, sociocultural explanations of stroke need to be taken into consideration during delivery of medical information to the participants. This study proposes an integrated biopsychosociocultural approach for stroke intervention among the study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwadwo Koram
- The Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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de-Graft Aikins A, Osei-Tutu A, Agyei F, Asante PY, Aboyinga H, Adjei A, Ahulu LD, Botchway I, Britwum M, Agyei Wiafe S, Edu-Ansah K, Nkrumah R, Ohenewaa E, Vogelsang JK, Ketor R. Competence in professional psychology practice in Ghana: Qualitative insights from practicing clinical health psychologists. J Health Psychol 2021; 26:1012-1025. [PMID: 31288572 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319859060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Issues concerning competence of practicing psychologists have not been critically investigated in Ghana. This study used the three-dimensional cube model of core competencies as a framework to explore competencies of professional psychologists in active clinical health practice in Ghana. Sixteen clinical psychologists with 1 to 20 years of practicing experience were interviewed on adequacy of their graduate training for practice as well as maintaining post-training competence. The results suggested that training equipped the practitioners mainly for research and teaching but less so for clinical practice. Reflective practice was underdeveloped leading to critical challenges in emotional and cultural competencies. Structural support for continuous professional development was limited. Implications for professional psychology training, research and practice are discussed. This study is the first to explore competence issues in professional psychology practice in Ghana, and it contributes to the global discourse on continuous competence in psychology.
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13
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Mtwisha L, Jackson J, Mitchel A, de-Graft Aikins A, Kebirungi H, Outtara K, Viney C. Early- and mid-career transition to research leadership in Africa. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:74. [PMID: 34381872 PMCID: PMC8323068 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16540.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This article examines the early-and mid-career transition to research leadership in Africa. Much of the available African literature on research leadership indicate several challenges related to poor conceptualisations of career transitions and gaps in the availability of research training. Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews (n=24) and focus groups (n=27) to identify key transition points of early career researchers (ECRs) and mid-career researchers (MCRs) in selected African countries. The qualitative data was complemented with quantitative survey questionnaires (n=250) and a triangulation approach was adopted to analyse the results. The findings were themed into different categories describing the common career paths, stages and challenges of research leaders. The latter part of the findings present a discussion on development approaches to attract and retain researchers in African universities. By focusing on the African continent, this study contributes to the current body of literature on research leadership in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mtwisha
- Research Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Jose Jackson
- Alliance for African Partnership, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Alison Mitchel
- Department of Diversity and Inclusion,, Lincoln University, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Karim Outtara
- Swiss Center for Scientific Research, Abidjan University, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Clare Viney
- Careers Research and Advisory Centre (CRAC) / Vitae, Cambridge, CB5 8LA, UK
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14
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Abstract
Understanding how covid-19 has been perceived in West African nations like Ghana is crucial to tackling it, says Ama de-Graft Aikins
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15
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Darko SN, Meeks KAC, Owiredu WKBA, Laing EF, Boateng D, Beune E, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Bahendeka S, Mockenhaupt F, Spranger J, Agyei-Baffour P, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Smeeth L, Agyemang C, Owusu-Dabo E. Anthropometric indices and their cut-off points in relation to type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian migrants and non-migrants: The RODAM study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 173:108687. [PMID: 33571601 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and determine optimal cut-offs in a sub-Saharan African population. METHODS Data from the RODAM study including Ghanaians aged 25-70 living in rural Ghana, urban Ghana and Europe were used. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between BMI, WC, WHR and T2DM status, by sex and site. Area under the curve (AUC) were constructed to discriminate between indices and establish performance and cut-off values. RESULTS WHR had the strongest association with T2DM in men and women across sites, except for rural men. The highest adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and AUC were in rural women for WHR (aOR = 2.09, 95%CI = 1.47-2.99; AUC = 0.71). Among migrants, WHR had higher AUCs compared with BMI (p < 0.01) and WC (p < 0.05). Cut-offs for BMI and WC in men were lower compared with the WHO reference across sites (WC: 85.4-93.7 vs 102 cm, BMI: 23.1-28.2 vs 30.0 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS WHR outperformed BMI and WC as anthropometric indices in relation to T2DM among Ghanaian migrants. The lower BMI and WC cut-offs for T2DM than WHO established standards, highlights the need for African specific cut-offs to avoid missing high risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Darko
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - William K B A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edwin F Laing
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School (MKPGMS), Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
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16
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Abstract
Since March 2020, Ghana's creative arts communities have tracked the complex facets of the COVID-19 pandemic through various art forms. This paper reports a study that analysed selected 'COVID art forms' through arts and health and critical health psychology frameworks. Art forms produced between March and July 2020, and available in the public sphere - traditional media, social media and public spaces - were collated. The data consisted of comedy, cartoons, songs, murals and textile designs. Three key functions emerged from analysis: health promotion (comedy, cartoons, songs); disease prevention (masks); and improving the aesthetics of the healthcare environment (murals). Textile designs performed broader socio-cultural functions of memorialising and political advocacy. Similar to earlier HIV/AIDS and Ebola arts interventions in other African countries, these Ghanaian COVID art forms translated public health information on COVID-19 in ways that connected emotionally, created social awareness and improved public understanding. However, some art forms had limitations: for example, songs that edutained using fear-based strategies or promoting conspiracy theories on the origins and treatment of COVID-19, and state-sponsored visual art that represented public health messaging decoupled from socio-economic barriers to health protection. These were likely to undermine the public health communication goals of behaviour modification. We outline concrete approaches to incorporate creative arts into COVID-19 public health interventions and post-pandemic health systems strengthening in Ghana. FUNDING None declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT
| | - Bernard Akoi-Jackson
- Department of Painting & Sculpture, Faculty of Art, College of Art and Built Environment, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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17
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Awuah RB, de-Graft Aikins A, Dodoo FNA, Meeks KA, Beune EJ, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Addo J, Smeeth L, Bahendeka SK, Agyemang C. Psychosocial stressors among Ghanaians in rural and urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:674-685. [PMID: 33081514 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320963549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stressors have significant health and socio-economic impacts on individuals. We examined the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial stressors among non-migrant and migrant Ghanaians as there is limited research in these populations. The study was cross-sectional and quantitative in design. A majority of the study participants had experienced stress, discrimination and negative life events. Increased age, female sex, strong social support and high sense of mastery were associated with lower odds of experiencing psychosocial stressors in both populations. Interventions should be multi-level in design, focusing on the correlates which significantly influence the experience of psychosocial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- University of Ghana, Ghana
- University College London, Institute of Advanced Studies, UK
| | | | - Karlijn Ac Meeks
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Institutes of Health, USA
| | | | | | - Juliet Addo
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Liam Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
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18
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van der Linden EL, Meeks K, Beune E, de-Graft Aikins A, Addo J, Owusu-Dabo E, Mockenhaupt FP, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Spranger J, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Tetteh Appiah L, Smeeth L, Stronks K, Agyemang C. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ghanaian migrants and their homeland counterparts: the Research on Obesity and type 2 Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study. Eur J Public Health 2020; 29:906-913. [PMID: 31220248 PMCID: PMC6761842 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether the MetSyn prevalence differs within a homogenous population residing in different settings in Africa and Europe. We therefore assessed the prevalence of MetSyn among Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in Europe. Methods We used data from the cross-sectional multi-centre RODAM study that was conducted among Ghanaian adults aged 25–70 years residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and in London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5659). MetSyn was defined according to the 2009 harmonized definition. Geographical locations were compared using age-standardized prevalence rates, and prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for age, education, physical activity, and smoking and stratified for sex. Results In men, the age-standardized prevalence of MetSyn was 8.3% in rural Ghana and showed a positive gradient through urban Ghana (23.6%, adjusted PR = 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.17–2.92) to Europe, with the highest prevalence in Amsterdam (31.4%; PR = 4.45, 2.94–6.75). In women, there was a rural-to-urban gradient in age-standardized MetSyn prevalence (rural Ghana 25%, urban Ghana 34.4%, PR = 1.38, 1.13–1.68), but small differences in MetSyn prevalence between urban-Ghanaian and European-Ghanaian women (Amsterdam 38.4%; London 38.2%). Conclusion MetSyn is highly prevalent in Ghana as well as in Ghanaian migrants in Europe. To assist prevention efforts, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving the geographical differences in MetSyn prevalence between migrant and non-migrant Ghanaians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L van der Linden
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ina Danquah
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lambert Tetteh Appiah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Baatiema L, Abimbola S, de-Graft Aikins A, Damasceno A, Kengne AP, Sarfo FS, Charway-Felli A, Somerset S. Towards evidence-based policies to strengthen acute stroke care in low-middle-income countries. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117117. [PMID: 32919367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major public health issue in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the emergence of new effective interventions for acute stroke care, uptake remains slow and largely inaccessible to patients in LMICs, where health systems response has been inadequate. In this paper, we propose a policy framework to optimise access to acute stroke care in LMICs. We draw on evidence from relevant primary studies, such as availability of evidence-based acute stroke care interventions, barriers to uptake of interventions for stroke care and insights on stroke mortality and morbidity burden in LMICs. Insights from review of secondary studies, principally systematic reviews on evidence-based acute stroke care; and the accounts and experiences of some regional experts on stroke and other NCDs have been taken into consideration. In LMICs, there is limited availability and access to emergency medical transport services, brain imaging services and best practice interventions for acute stroke care. Availability of specialist acute stroke workforce and low awareness of early stroke signs and symptoms are also major challenges impeding the delivery of quality stroke care services. As a result, stroke care in LMICs is patchy, fragmented and often results in poor patient outcomes. Reconfiguration of LMIC health systems is thus required to optimise access to quality acute stroke care. We therefore propose a ten-point framework to be adapted to country-specific health system capacity, needs and resources: Emergency medical transport and treatment services, scaling-up interventions and services for acute stroke care, clinical guidelines for acute stroke treatment and management, access to brain imaging services, human resource capacity development strategies, centralisation of stroke services, tele-stroke care, public awareness campaigns on early stroke symptoms, establish stroke registers and financing of stroke care in LMICs. While we recognise the challenges of implementing the recommendations in low resource settings, this list can provide a platform as well serve as the starting point for advocacy and prioritisation of interventions depending on context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baatiema
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Seye Abimbola
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | | | - Shawn Somerset
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
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20
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Baatiema L, de-Graft Aikins A, Sarfo FS, Abimbola S, Ganle JK, Somerset S. Improving the quality of care for people who had a stroke in a low-/middle-income country: A qualitative analysis of health-care professionals' perspectives. Health Expect 2020; 23:450-460. [PMID: 31967387 PMCID: PMC7104640 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Efforts to improve the adoption of evidence‐based interventions for optimal patient outcomes in low‐/middle‐income countries (LMICs) are persistently hampered by a plethora of barriers. Yet, little is known about strategies to address such barriers to improve quality stroke care. This study seeks to explore health professionals’ views on strategies to improve quality stroke care for people who had a stroke in a LMIC. Methods A qualitative interview study design was adopted. A semi‐structured interview guide was used to conduct in‐depth interviews among forty stroke care providers in major referral centres in Ghana. Participants were from nursing, medical, specialist and allied health professional groups. A purposive sample was recruited to share their views on practical strategies to improve quality stroke care in clinical settings. A thematic analysis approach was utilized to inductively analyse the data. Results A number of overarching themes of strategies to improve quality stroke care were identified: computerization and digitization of medical practice, allocation of adequate resources, increase the human resource capacity to deliver stroke care, development of clinical guideline/treatment protocols, institutionalization of multidisciplinary care and professional development opportunities. These strategies were however differentially prioritized among different categories of stroke care providers. Conclusion Closing the gap between existing knowledge on how to improve quality of stroke care in LMICs has the potential to be successful if unique and context‐specific measures from the views of stroke care providers are considered in developing quality improvement strategies and health systems and policy reforms. However, for optimal outcomes, further research into the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategies by stroke care providers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baatiema
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Fred S Sarfo
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Seye Abimbola
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John K Ganle
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Shawn Somerset
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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21
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Baratin C, Beune E, van Schalkwijk D, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Owusu-Dabo E, Bahendeka S, Mockenhaupt FP, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Spranger J, Boateng D, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Stronks K, Agyemang C. Differential associations between psychosocial stress and obesity among Ghanaians in Europe and in Ghana: findings from the RODAM study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:45-56. [PMID: 30859237 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity in some populations, but it is unclear whether the association is related to migration. This study explored associations between psychosocial stress and obesity among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and non-migrant Ghanaians in Ghana. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the RODAM study were used, including 5898 Ghanaians residing in Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, rural Ghana, and urban Ghana. Perceived discrimination, negative life events and stress at work or at home were examined in relation to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Linear regression analyses were performed separately for migrants and non-migrants stratified by sex. RESULTS Perceived discrimination was not associated with BMI and WC in both migrants and non-migrants. However, negative life events were positively associated with BMI (β = 0.78, 95% CI 0.34-1.22) and WC (β = 1.96, 95% CI 0.79-3.12) among male Ghanaian migrants. Similarly, stress at work or at home was positively associated with BMI (β = 0.28, 95% CI 0.00-0.56) and WC (β = 0.84, 95% CI 0.05-1.63) among male Ghanaian migrants. Among non-migrant Ghanaians, in contrast, stress at work or at home was inversely associated with BMI and WC in both males (β = - 0.66, 95% CI - 1.03 to - 0.28; β = - 1.71 95% CI - 2.69 to - 0.73, respectively) and females (β = - 0.81, 95% CI - 1.20 to - 0.42; β = - 1.46, 95% CI - 2.30 to - 0.61, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Negative life events and stress at work or at home are associated with increased body weight among male Ghanaians in European settings, whereas stress at work or at home is associated with reduced body weight among Ghanaians in Ghana. More work is needed to understand the underlying factors driving these differential associations to assist prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Baratin
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Awuah RB, de-Graft Aikins A, Dodoo FNA, Meeks KA, Beune EJ, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Addo J, Smeeth L, Bahendeka SK, Agyemang C. Psychosocial factors and hypertension prevalence among Ghanaians in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe: The RODAM study. Health Psychol Open 2019; 6:2055102919885752. [PMID: 31763049 PMCID: PMC6851611 DOI: 10.1177/2055102919885752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress made to prevent and control hypertension, its prevalence has
persisted in many countries. This study examined the associations between
psychosocial factors and hypertension among Ghanaian non-migrants and migrants.
Data were drawn from the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants
(RODAM) project. Findings show that among migrant women, those who experienced
periods of stress at home/work had higher odds of hypertension. Among
non-migrants, women with depression symptoms were more likely to be
hypertensive. Furthermore, there was a positive association between negative
life events and hypertension among non-migrant men. The findings highlight the
importance of psychosocial factors in addressing hypertension prevalence in
Ghanaian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliet Addo
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Liam Smeeth
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
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Adjei DN, Stronks K, Adu D, Beune E, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Addo J, Owuso-Dabo E, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Mockenhaupt FP, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Spranger J, Bahendeka S, de-Graft Aikins A, Agyemang C. Chronic kidney disease burden among African migrants in three European countries and in urban and rural Ghana: the RODAM cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1812-1822. [PMID: 29342308 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major burden among sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations. However, differences in CKD prevalence between rural and urban settings in Africa, and upon migration to Europe are unknown. We therefore assessed the differences in CKD prevalence among homogenous SSA population (Ghanaians) residing in rural and urban Ghana and in three European cities, and whether conventional risk factors of CKD explained the observed differences. Furthermore, we assessed whether the prevalence of CKD varied among individuals with hypertension and diabetes compared with individuals without these conditions. Methods For this analysis, data from Research on Obesity & Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM), a multi-centre cross-sectional study, were used. The study included a random sample of 5607 adult Ghanaians living in Europe (1465 Amsterdam, 577 Berlin, 1041 London) and Ghana (1445 urban and 1079 rural) aged 25-70 years. CKD status was defined according to severity of kidney disease using the combination of glomerular filtration rate (G1-G5) and albuminuria (A1-A3) levels as defined by the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes severity classification. Comparisons among sites were made using logistic regression analysis. Results CKD prevalence was lower in Ghanaians living in Europe (10.1%) compared with their compatriots living in Ghana (13.3%) even after adjustment for age, sex and conventional risk factors of CKD [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.88, P = 0.002]. CKD prevalence was markedly lower among Ghanaian migrants with hypertension (adjusted OR = 0.54, 0.44-0.76, P = 0.001) and diabetes (adjusted OR = 0.37, 0.22-0.62, P = 0.001) compared with non-migrant Ghanaians with hypertension and diabetes. No significant differences in CKD prevalence was observed among non-migrant Ghanaians and migrant Ghanaians with no hypertension and diabetes. Among Ghanaian residents in Europe, the odds of CKD were lower in Amsterdam than in Berlin, while among Ghanaian residents in Ghana, the odds of CKD were lower in rural Ghana (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.53-0.88, P = 0.004) than in urban Ghana, but these difference were explained by conventional risk factors. Conclusion Our study shows important differences in CKD prevalence among Ghanaians living in Europe compared with those living in Ghana, independent of conventional risk factors, with marked differences among those with hypertension and diabetes. Further research is needed to identify factors that might explain the observed difference across sites to implement interventions to reduce the high burden of CKD, especially in rural and urban Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Adjei
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dwomoa Adu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Nyaaba GN, Agyemang C, Masana L, de-Graft Aikins A, Beune E, Larrea-Killinger C, Stronks K. Illness representations and coping practices for self-managing hypertension among sub-Saharan Africans: A comparative study among Ghanaian migrants and non-migrant Ghanaians. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:1711-1721. [PMID: 30992171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension (HTN) control is a major obstacle among sub-Saharan African populations partly due to poor self-management. We explored and compared how persons' social and physical context shapes their illness representations regarding HTN and the coping strategies they develop and adapt to mitigate challenges in self-managing HTN. METHODS A cross sectional multisite qualitative study using semi-structured interviews among 55 Ghanaians with HTN living in The Netherlands and urban and rural Ghana. A thematic approach was used in data analysis. RESULTS Family HTN history, personal experiences with HTN and outcomes of using biomedical and traditional treatments shaped participants' illness representations and coping strategies. Migrants and urban non-migrants modified medication schedules and integrated taking medication into daily routine activities to cope with experienced side effects of taking antihypertensive medication while rural non-migrants used traditional remedies and medicines to mitigate experienced medication side effects and/or in search for a cure for HTN. CONCLUSION Contextual factors within participants' social and physical environments shape their illness representations and coping strategies for HTN though interactive phrases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health professionals should harness the relationships within peoples' social and physical environments, encourage implementation of family-wide behavioural changes and involve family and communities in HTN treatment to enhance patients' self-management of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Nsorma Nyaaba
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Masana
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Medical Anthropology Research Centre-URV Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Nyaaba GN, Stronks K, Meeks K, Beune E, Owusu-Dabo E, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Mockenhaupt F, Bahendeka S, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Smeeth L, Agyemang C. Is social support associated with hypertension control among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and non-migrants in Ghana? The RODAM study. Intern Emerg Med 2019; 14:957-966. [PMID: 30912002 PMCID: PMC6722196 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) control is crucial in preventing HTN-related complications such as stroke and coronary heart disease. Yet, HTN control remains suboptimal particularly among sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations partly due to poor self-management. Self-management of HTN is influenced by social support, but the evidence on the role of social support on HTN control particularly among SSA populations is limited. This study assessed the association between multiple proxies for social support and HTN control among Ghanaians resident in Ghana and Europe. The Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study participants with HTN and who self-reported HTN (n = 1327) were included in this analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between proxies of social support and HTN control (SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg) with adjustments for age and socioeconomic status (SES). Among Ghanaian males in both Europe and Ghana, cohabiting with more than two persons was associated with increased odds of having HTN controlled. Male hypertensive patients cohabiting with ≥ 5 persons had the highest odds of having HTN controlled after adjustment for age and SES (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.16-0.57; 0.60; 0.34-1.04, respectively). This association was not observed among females. Relationship status, frequency of religious activity attendance and satisfaction with social support did not show any significant association with HTN control. Our study shows that cohabitation is significantly associated with HTN control but in males only. The other proxies for social support appeared not to be associated with HTN control. Involving persons living with Ghanaian men with HTN in the treatment process may help to improve adherence to HTN treatment. Further research is needed to explore in-depth, how these social support proxies could contribute to improved HTN control among SSA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Nsorma Nyaaba
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Frank Mockenhaupt
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin and Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Sanuade OA, Dodoo FNA, Koram K, de-Graft Aikins A. Prevalence and correlates of stroke among older adults in Ghana: Evidence from the Study on Global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212623. [PMID: 30865654 PMCID: PMC6415815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stroke among older adults in Ghana. This cross-sectional study retrieved data from Wave 1 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Survey on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) conducted between 2007 and 2008. The sample, comprising 4,279 respondents aged 50 years and above, was analysed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and Chi-Square tests, and a multivariable binary logistic regression. Respondents ranged in age from 50 to 114 years, with a median age of 62 years. Stroke prevalence was 2.6%, with the correlates being marital status, level of education, employment status, and living with hypertension or diabetes. The results showed that being separated/divorced, having primary and secondary education, being unemployed and living with hypertension and diabetes, significantly increased the odds of stroke prevalence in this population. The results suggest that interventions to reduce stroke prevalence and impact must be developed alongside interventions for hypertension, diabetes and sociodemographic/economic factors such as marital status, level of education, and employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kwadwo Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana., Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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27
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van der Linden E, Meeks K, Beune E, de-Graft Aikins A, Addo J, Owusu-Dabo E, Mockenhaupt FP, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Spranger J, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Appiah LT, Smeeth L, Agyemang C. Dyslipidaemia among Ghanaian migrants in three European countries and their compatriots in rural and urban Ghana: The RODAM study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:83-91. [PMID: 30875497 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS African populations have a favourable lipid profile compared to European populations. However, the extent to which they differ between rural and urban settings in Africa and upon migration to Europe is unknown. We assessed the lipid profiles of Ghanaians living in rural- and urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in three European countries. METHODS We used data from a multi-centre, cross-sectional study among Ghanaian adults residing in rural- and urban-Ghana and London, Amsterdam and Berlin (n = 5482). Dyslipidaemias were defined using the 2012 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Prevention. Comparisons between groups were made using age-standardised prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) with adjustments for important covariates. RESULTS In both sexes, the age-standardised prevalence of high total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower in rural- than in urban-Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe. Adjusted PRs of high TC and LDL-C were higher in urban-Ghana (TC PR = 2.15, 95%confidence interval 1.69-2.73) and Ghanaian migrant men (TC PR = 2.03 (1.56-2.63)) compared to rural-Ghana, but there was no difference between rural- and Ghanaian migrant women (TC PR = 1.01 (0.84-1.22)). High triglycerides levels were as prevalent in rural-Ghana (11.6%) as in urban-Ghana (12.8%), but were less prevalent in Ghanaian migrant women (2.0%). In both sexes, low HDL-cholesterol was most prevalent in rural-Ghana (50.1%) and least prevalent in Europe (12.9%). CONCLUSION The lipid profile varied among ethnically homogeneous African populations living in different geographical locations in Africa and Europe. Additional research is needed to identify factors driving these differential risks to assist prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva van der Linden
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ina Danquah
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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de-Graft Aikins A. Health psychology in Ghana: A review of the multidisciplinary origins of a young sub-field and its future prospects. J Health Psychol 2018; 23:425-441. [PMID: 29502454 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317752805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a historical overview of psychology applied to health and health psychology in Ghana. A brief history of health, illness and healthcare in Ghana is introduced. Then, the history of psychology in Ghana is presented, with signposts of the major turns in the field in relation to psychology and other disciplines applied to health and the emergence of health psychology as a sub-field. Selected health psychology studies are reviewed to highlight ideological trends in the field. Finally, future prospects are considered in terms of how the sub-field can transition into an established critical field with unique contributions to make to global health psychology.
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29
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Sanuade OA, Ayettey H, Hewlett S, Dedey F, Wu L, Akingbola T, Ogedegbe G, de-Graft Aikins A. Understanding the causes of breast cancer treatment delays at a teaching hospital in Ghana. J Health Psychol 2018; 26:357-366. [PMID: 30497300 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318814152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor outcomes for breast cancer in Ghana have been attributed to late presentation of symptoms at biomedical facilities. This study explored factors accounting for delays in initiation of breast cancer treatment at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra. Focus group discussions were conducted with 20 women with breast cancer. A theory-driven thematic analysis identified three multilevel factors influencing treatment seeking delays: (1) patient (e.g. misinterpretation of symptoms, fear), (2) healthcare provider (e.g. negative attitudes) and (3) health systems (e.g. shortage of medicines). Addressing treatment delays will require multilevel interventions, including culturally congruent education, psychosocial counselling/support and strengthening health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Hewlett
- University of Ghana, Ghana.,Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - Florence Dedey
- University of Ghana, Ghana.,Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - Lily Wu
- Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adherence to hypertension treatment is a major public health challenge for low and middle-income countries particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. One potential reason could be the discordance between lay and medical explanatory models of hypertension and its treatment. Understanding community perceptions and practices may contribute to improving hypertension control as they present insights into psychosocial and cultural factors that shape individual behaviour. We explore community perceptions regarding hypertension and its treatment in rural northern Ghana and how they differ from medical understanding. DESIGN This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to collect data, which were analysed using a thematic approach. SETTING A multisite study conducted in four rural communities in two regions of northern Ghana. PARTICIPANTS We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews and eight focus group discussions with community leaders and members, respectively. RESULTS Three major themes were identified: community perceptions, treatment options and community support for people with hypertension. Community perceptions about hypertension include hypertension perceived as excess blood in the body and associated with spiritual or witchcraft attacks. Traditional medicine is perceived to cure hypertension completely with concurrent use of biomedical and traditional medicines encouraged in rural communities. Community members did not consider themselves at risk of developing hypertension and reported having inadequate information on how to provide social support for hypertensive community members, which they attributed to low literacy and poverty. CONCLUSION There is a substantial mismatch between communities' perceptions and medical understanding of hypertension and its treatment. These perceptions partly result from structural factors and social norms shaped by collective processes and traditions that shape lay beliefs and influence individual health behaviour. Socioeconomic factors also thwart access to information and contribute to inadequate social support for persons with hypertension. These findings highlight the need for a public health approach to hypertension control targeting families and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Nsorma Nyaaba
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Masana
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Anthropology Research Centre, University of Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Addo J, Cook S, Galbete C, Agyemang C, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Nicolaou M, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Brathwaite R, Mockenhaupt FP, Beune E, Meeks K, de-Graft Aikins A, Bahendaka S, Owusu-Dabo E, Smeeth L. Differences in alcohol consumption and drinking patterns in Ghanaians in Europe and Africa: The RODAM Study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206286. [PMID: 30388130 PMCID: PMC6214514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about alcohol consumption among Africans living in rural and urban Africa compared to African migrants in Europe. We compared the patterns of alcohol consumption in a group of Ghanaians living in different locations in Ghana and in Europe and examined the factors associated with drinking alcohol. METHODS Data were from a cross-sectional study (RODAM) of Ghanaians aged 25-70 years living in rural and urban Ghana and in Amsterdam, Berlin and London. Information on how often participants consumed at least one standard alcoholic drink in the preceding 12 months, the type of alcoholic beverage and the average serving size was obtained using a food propensity questionnaire. The associations between drinking alcohol and socio-demographic variables, and frequency of attending religious services were investigated using logistic regression models stratified by site and sex. For Ghanaians living in Europe, the number of years since migration and acculturation were also included in the model as covariates. RESULTS 4280 participants (62.2% women) were included in the analyses. In both men and women, the prevalence of drinking and amount of alcohol consumed per day was highest in Berlin (prevalence of drinking 71.0% and 61.7%) and lowest in urban Ghana (41.4% and 26.8%). After adjustment for age and education in both men and women in Europe, those attending religious services less frequently reported higher levels of drinking alcohol than non-attendants (never attend/no religion compared to attending service at least once a week men OR 4.60 95% CI 2.85, 7.44; women OR 1.80 95% CI 1.12, 2.90) p-trend with frequency <0.001 in men; 0.002 in women); this association was seen also in men in rural Ghana (p-trend = 0.001) and women in urban Ghana (p-trend = 0.02). The prevalence of drinking was positively associated with years since migration in both men and women in Europe ((OR per years increase in time lived in Europe 1.25 (95% CI 1.02,1.53) test for trend p = 0.03 in women; OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.03, 1.62 p = 0.03 in men) but no association was found with self-reported measures of acculturation (ethnic identity, cultural orientation or social networks). CONCLUSION There are marked differences in alcohol consumption between Ghanaians living in Europe and in Ghana suggesting migration has an important influence of drinking patterns and also suggesting the possibility of requiring different strategies in alcohol reduction campaigns among Ghanaians in different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cook
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitaestmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rachel Brathwaite
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank P. Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité–Universitaestmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Faculty of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
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Kushitor MK, Peterson MB, Asante PY, Dodoo ND, Boatemaa S, Awuah RB, Agyei F, Sakyi L, Dodoo FNA, de-Graft Aikins A. Community and individual sense of trust and psychological distress among the urban poor in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202818. [PMID: 30261067 PMCID: PMC6160026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health disorders present significant health challenges in populations in sub Saharan Africa especially in deprived urban poor contexts. Some studies have suggested that in collectivistic societies such as most African societies people can draw on social capital to attenuate the effect of community stressors on their mental health. Global studies suggest the effect of social capital on mental disorders such as psychological distress is mixed, and emerging studies on the psychosocial characteristics of collectivistic societies suggest that mistrust and suspicion sometimes deprive people of the benefit of social capital. In this study, we argue that trust which is often measured as a component of social capital has a more direct effect on reducing community stressors in such deprived communities. METHODS Data from the Urban Health and Poverty Survey (EDULINK Wave III) survey were used. The survey was conducted in 2013 in three urban poor communities in Accra: Agbogbloshie, James Town and Ussher Town. Psychological distress was measured with a symptomatic wellbeing scale. Participants' perceptions of their neighbours' willingness to trust, protect and assist others was used to measure community sense of trust. Participants' willingness to ask for and receive help from neighbours was used to measure personal sense of trust. Demographic factors were controlled for. The data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate regressions. RESULTS The mean level of psychological distress among the residents was 25.5 (SD 5.5). Personal sense of trust was 8.2 (SD 2.0), and that of community sense of trust was 7.5 (SD 2.8). While community level trust was not significant, personal sense of trust significantly reduced psychological distress (B = -.2016728, t = -2.59, p < 0.010). The other factors associated with psychological distress in this model were perceived economic standing, education and locality of residence. CONCLUSION This study presents evidence that more trusting individuals are significantly less likely to be psychologically distressed within deprived urban communities in Accra. Positive intra and inter individual level variables such as personal level trust and perceived relative economic standing significantly attenuated the effect of psychological distress in communities with high level neighbourhood disorder in Accra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawuli K. Kushitor
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Maame B. Peterson
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Naa Dodua Dodoo
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sandra Boatemaa
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Francis Agyei
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lionel Sakyi
- Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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van Nieuwenhuizen B, Zafarmand MH, Beune E, Meeks K, Aikins ADG, Addo J, Owusu-Dabo E, Mockenhaupt FP, Bahendeka S, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Spranger J, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Appiah LT, Smeeth L, Stronks K, Agyemang C. Ideal cardiovascular health among Ghanaian populations in three European countries and rural and urban Ghana: the RODAM study. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:845-856. [PMID: 29667109 PMCID: PMC6132772 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health (CVH) is a construct defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. CVH has, until now, not been evaluated in Sub-Saharan African populations. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the prevalence of ideal CVH and its constituent metrics among Ghanaians living in rural and urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants living in three European countries. The AHA definition of CVH is based on 7 metrics: smoking, body mass index, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose. These were evaluated among 3510 Ghanaian adults (aged 25-70 years) residing in rural and urban Ghana and three European cities (Amsterdam, London and Berlin) in the multi-centre RODAM study. Differences between groups were assessed using logistic regression with adjustments for gender, age, and education. Only 0.3% of all participants met all 7 metrics of the AHA's definition of ideal CVH. Compared to rural Ghana (25.7%), the proportions and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of individuals who had 6-7 CVH metrics in the ideal category were substantially lower in urban Ghana, (7.5%; OR 0.204, 95% CI 0.15-0.29), Amsterdam (4.4%; 0.13, 0.08-0.19), Berlin (2.7%; 0.06, 0.03-0.11), and London (1.7%; 0.04, 0.02-0.09), respectively. The proportion of ideal CVH for the various metrics ranged from 96% for all sites in the smoking metric to below 6% in the diet metric. The proportion of ideal CVH is extremely low in Ghanaians, especially among those living in urban Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin van Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charite-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Boateng D, Agyemang C, Beune E, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Schulze M, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Galbete C, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Agyei-Baffour P, Owusu-Dabo E, Mockenhaupt FP, Spranger J, Kengne AP, Grobbee DE, Stronks K, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Migration and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Ghanaian Populations in Europe: The RODAM Study (Research on Obesity and Diabetes Among African Migrants). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018; 10:CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004013. [PMID: 29150534 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.117.004013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For migrant populations from sub-Saharan Africa, adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been observed to be higher than found in their home country-based counterparts or among the host populations in high-income countries. Differences in absolute overall CVD risk, however, remain largely unexplained. We, therefore, predicted the differences in 10-year CVD risk among sub-Saharan African migrants (Ghanaians) living in 3 European cities and Ghana. METHODS AND RESULTS For 3864 subjects aged 40 to 70 years from the multicenter RODAM study (Research on Obesity and Diabetes Among African Migrants) conducted among Ghanaian adults residing in rural and urban Ghana and 3 European cities (Amsterdam, Berlin, and London), 10-year risk of CVD was estimated using the Pooled Cohort Equations with estimates ≥7.5% defining high CVD risk. Logistic regressions were used to determine the association of migration on CVD risk. The proportion with CVD risk ≥7.5% among Ghanaian men was 34.7% in rural Ghana, 45.4% in urban Ghana, 53.9% in Amsterdam, 61.0% in Berlin, and 52.2% in London. Compared with rural Ghana, CVD risk was significantly increased for Ghanaian men living in Berlin (adjusted odds ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-4.45) and Amsterdam (1.88; 1.25-2.84). Increased risk observed for men was largely not seen for women. CVD risk increased with longer stay in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about predictors of increased CVD risk among sub-Saharan African migrants in Europe and nonmigrants in urban centers will inform and support targeted health care and interventions to these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boateng
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.).
| | - Charles Agyemang
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Erik Beune
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Liam Smeeth
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Matthias Schulze
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Juliet Addo
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Ina Danquah
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Joachim Spranger
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Andre P Kengne
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Karien Stronks
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- From Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (D.B., D.E.G., K.K.-G.); School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (D.B., P.A.B., E.O.-D.); Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (C.A., E.B., K.M., K.S.); Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (L.S., J.A.); Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (M.S., C.G., I.D.); Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana (A.d.-G.A.); Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala (S.B.); Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame NKrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana (E.O.-D.); Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany (F.P.M.); Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany (J.S.); Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (A.P.K.); and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (K.K.-G.)
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Galbete C, Nicolaou M, Meeks K, Klipstein-Grobusch K, de-Graft Aikins A, Addo J, Amoah SK, Smeeth L, Owusu-Dabo E, Spranger J, Agyemang C, Mockenhaupt FP, Beune E, Stronks K, Schulze MB, Danquah I. Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots in Ghana: the RODAM study. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:25. [PMID: 29695705 PMCID: PMC5917045 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Ghanaian adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS In the multi-centre, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study (n = 4543), three overall DPs ("mixed", "rice, pasta, meat and fish," and "roots, tubers and plantain") and two site-specific DPs per study site (rural Ghana, urban Ghana and Europe) were identified by principal component analysis. The DPs-T2D associations were calculated by logistic regression models. RESULTS Higher adherence to the "rice, pasta, meat and fish" DP (characterized by legumes, rice/pasta, meat, fish, cakes/sweets, condiments) was associated with decreased odds of T2D, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, total energy intake and adiposity measures (odds ratio (OR)per 1 SD = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70-0.92). Similar DPs and T2D associations were discernible in urban Ghana and Europe. In the total study population, neither the "mixed" DP (whole grain cereals, sweet spreads, dairy products, potatoes, vegetables, poultry, coffee/tea, sodas/juices, olive oil) nor the "roots, tubers and plantain" DP (refined cereals, fruits, nuts/seeds, roots/tubers/plantain, fermented maize products, legumes, palm oil, condiments) was associated with T2D. Yet, after the exclusion of individuals with self-reported T2D, the "roots, tubers and plantain" DP was inversely associated with T2D (ORper 1 SD = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.69-1.12). CONCLUSION In this Ghanaian population, DPs characterized by the intake of legumes, fish, meat and confectionery were inversely associated with T2D. The effect of a traditional-oriented diet (typical staples, vegetables and legumes) remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen K Amoah
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Awuah RB, Asante PY, Sakyi L, Biney AAE, Kushitor MK, Agyei F, de-Graft Aikins A. Factors associated with treatment-seeking for malaria in urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. Malar J 2018; 17:168. [PMID: 29661191 PMCID: PMC5902882 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ghana, about 3.5 million cases of malaria are recorded each year. Urban poor residents particularly have a higher risk of malaria mainly due to poor housing, low socio-economic status and poor sanitation. Alternative treatment for malaria (mainly African traditional/herbal and/or self-medication) is further compounding efforts to control the incidence of malaria in urban poor communities. This study assesses factors associated with seeking alternative treatment as the first response to malaria, relative to orthodox treatment in three urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in three urban poor localities in Accra, Ghana among individuals in their reproductive ages (15-59 years for men and 15-49 years for women). The analytic sample for the study was 707. A multinomial regression model was used to assess individual, interpersonal and structural level factors associated with treatment-seeking for malaria. RESULTS Overall, 31% of the respondents sought orthodox treatment, 8% sought traditional/herbal treatment and 61% self-medicated as the first response to malaria. At the bivariate level, more males than females used traditional/herbal treatment and self-medicated for malaria. The results of the regression analysis showed that current health insurance status, perceived relative economic standing, level of social support, and locality of residence were associated with seeking alternative treatment for malaria relative to orthodox treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that many urban poor residents in Accra self-medicate as the first response to malaria. Additionally, individuals who were not enrolled in a health insurance scheme, those who perceived they had a low economic standing, those with a high level of social support, and locality of residence were significantly associated with the use of alternative treatment for malaria. Multi-level strategies should be employed to address the use of alternative forms of treatment for malaria within the context of urban poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lionel Sakyi
- Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adriana A E Biney
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Francis Agyei
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Boatemaa S, Badasu DM, de-Graft Aikins A. Food beliefs and practices in urban poor communities in Accra: implications for health interventions. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:434. [PMID: 29609589 PMCID: PMC5880073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor communities in low and middle income countries are reported to experience a higher burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and nutrition-related NCDs. Interventions that build on lay perspectives of risk are recommended. The objective of this study was to examine lay understanding of healthy and unhealthy food practices, factors that influence food choices and the implications for developing population health interventions in three urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. METHODS Thirty lay adults were recruited and interviewed in two poor urban communities in Accra. The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed thematically. The analysis was guided by the socio-ecological model which focuses on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, structural and policy levels of social organisation. RESULTS Food was perceived as an edible natural resource, and healthy in its raw state. A food item retained its natural, healthy properties or became unhealthy depending on how it was prepared (e.g. frying vs boiling) and consumed (e.g. early or late in the day). These food beliefs reflected broader social food norms in the community and incorporated ideas aligned with standard expert dietary guidelines. Healthy cooking was perceived as the ability to select good ingredients, use appropriate cooking methods, and maintain food hygiene. Healthy eating was defined in three ways: 1) eating the right meals; 2) eating the right quantity; and 3) eating at the right time. Factors that influenced food choice included finances, physical and psychological state, significant others and community resources. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that beliefs about healthy and unhealthy food practices are rooted in multi-level factors, including individual experience, family dynamics and community factors. The factors influencing food choices are also multilevel. The implications of the findings for the design and content of dietary and health interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Boatemaa
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra-Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra-Legon, Ghana.
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38
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Bijlholt M, Meeks KAC, Beune E, Addo J, Smeeth L, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Galbete C, de-Graft Aikins A, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Owusu-Dabo E, Spranger J, Mockenhaupt FP, Amoah SK, Bahendeka S, Stronks K, Agyemang C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus management among Ghanaian migrants resident in three European countries and their compatriots in rural and urban Ghana - The RODAM study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:32-38. [PMID: 29203253 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) awareness, treatment and control between Ghanaians resident in Ghana and Europe. METHODS Comparisons were made for the 530 participants of the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study with T2DM (25-70 years) living in Amsterdam, Berlin, London, urban Ghana and rural Ghana. We used logistic regression to assess disparities with adjustment for age, sex and education. RESULTS T2DM awareness was 51% in rural Ghana. This was lower than levels in Europe ranging from 73% in London (age-sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.7; 95%CI = 1.2-6.0) to 79% in Amsterdam (OR = 4.7; 95%CI = 2.3-9.6). T2DM treatment was also lower in rural Ghana (37%) than in urban Ghana (56%; OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.3-5.3) and European sites ranging from 67% in London (OR = 3.4; 95%CI = 1.5-7.5) to 73% in Berlin (OR = 6.9; 95%CI = 2.9-16.4). In contrast, T2DM control in rural Ghana (63%) was comparable to Amsterdam and Berlin, but higher than in London (40%; OR = 0.4; 95%CI = 0.2-0.9) and urban Ghana (28%; OR = 0.3; 95%CI = 0.1-0.6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that improved detection and treatment of T2DM in rural Ghana, and improved control for people with diagnosed T2DM in London and urban Ghana warrant prioritization. Further work is needed to understand the factors driving the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet Bijlholt
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A C Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Oudenarder Straße 16, 13316 Berlin, Germany; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen K Amoah
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boateng D, Agyemang C, Beune E, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Schulze MB, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Galbete C, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Agyei-Baffour P, Owusu-Dabo E, Mockenhaupt FP, Spranger J, Kengne AP, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Cardiovascular disease risk prediction in sub-Saharan African populations - Comparative analysis of risk algorithms in the RODAM study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 254:310-315. [PMID: 29407113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validated absolute risk equations are currently recommended as the basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification in prevention and control strategies. However, there is no consensus on appropriate equations for sub-Saharan African populations. We assessed agreement between different cardiovascular risk equations among Ghanaian migrant and home populations with no overt CVD. METHODS The 10-year CVD risks were calculated for 3586 participants aged 40-70years in the multi-centre RODAM study among Ghanaians residing in Ghana and Europe using the Framingham laboratory and non-laboratory and Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) algorithms. Participants were classified as low, moderate or high risk, corresponding to <10%, 10-20% and >20% respectively. Agreement between the risk algorithms was assessed using kappa and correlation coefficients. RESULTS 19.4%, 12.3% and 5.8% were ranked as high 10-year CVD risk by Framingham non-laboratory, Framingham laboratory and PCE, respectively. The median (25th-75th percentiles) estimated 10-year CVD risk was 9.5% (5.4-15.7), 7.3% (3.9-13.2) and 5.0% (2.3-9.7) for Framingham non-laboratory, Framingham laboratory and PCE, respectively. The concordance between PCE and Framingham non-laboratory was better in the home Ghanaian population (kappa=0.42, r=0.738) than the migrant population (kappa=0.24, r=0.732) whereas concordance between PCE and Framingham laboratory was better in migrant Ghanaians (kappa=0.54, r=0.769) than the home population (kappa=0.51, r=0.758). CONCLUSION CVD prediction with the same algorithm differs for the migrant and home populations and the interchangeability of Framingham laboratory and non-laboratory algorithms is limited. Validation against CVD outcomes is needed to inform appropriate selection of risk algorithms for use in African ancestry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School - Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin & Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin & Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin & Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Boateng D, Wekesah F, Browne JL, Agyemang C, Agyei-Baffour P, Aikins ADG, Smit HA, Grobbee DE, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Knowledge and awareness of and perception towards cardiovascular disease risk in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189264. [PMID: 29232703 PMCID: PMC5726714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of non-communicable disease mortality in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Gaps in knowledge of CVD conditions and their risk factors are important barriers in effective prevention and treatment. Yet, evidence on the awareness and knowledge level of CVD and associated risk factors among populations of SSA is scarce. This review aimed to synthesize available evidence of the level of knowledge of and perceptions towards CVDs and risk factors in the SSA region. METHODS Five databases were searched for publications up to December 2016. Narrative synthesis was conducted for knowledge level of CVDs, knowledge of risk factors and clinical signs, factors influencing knowledge of CVDs and source of health information on CVDs. The review was registered with Prospero (CRD42016049165). RESULTS Of 2212 titles and abstracts screened, 45 full-text papers were retrieved and reviewed and 20 were included: eighteen quantitative and two qualitative studies. Levels of knowledge and awareness for CVD and risk factors were generally low, coupled with poor perception. Most studies reported less than half of their study participants having good knowledge of CVDs and/or risk factors. Proportion of participants who were unable to identify a single risk factor and clinical symptom for CVDs ranged from 1.8% in a study among hospital staff in Nigeria to a high of 73% in a population-based survey in Uganda and 7% among University staff in Nigeria to 75.1% in a general population in Uganda respectively. High educational attainment and place of residence had a significant influence on the levels of knowledge for CVDs among SSA populations. CONCLUSION Low knowledge of CVDs, risk factors and clinical symptoms is strongly associated with the low levels of educational attainment and rural residency in the region. These findings provide useful information for implementers of interventions targeted at the prevention and control of CVDs, and encourages them to incorporate health promotion and awareness campaigns in order to enhance knowledge and awareness of CVDs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Wekesah
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce L. Browne
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Agyei-Baffour
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Henriette A. Smit
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederick E. Grobbee
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Dadzie G, Aziato L, Aikins ADG. "We are the best to stand in for patients": a qualitative study on nurses' advocacy characteristics in Ghana. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 29162984 PMCID: PMC5686914 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient advocacy has been identified as a core duty of the nurse, and certain nurse characteristics influence the performance of the role. However, these characteristics have not been adequately explored in Ghana. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of nurses about the characteristics of nurses that influence their role as patient advocates. Methods An exploratory descriptive qualitative study was conducted among 15 nurses from a regional hospital in Ghana. Purposive sampling was used to select participants and individual in-depth interviews were conducted in English using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. Data analysis was done concurrently employing the principles of thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained for the study from the Noguchi Memorial Institute of Medical Research and the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee. Results Themes generated revealed nurse traits which enhanced the advocacy role of nurses such as being empathetic, nurturing, ethical, assertive and persistent and nurse states which hindered the performance of the role such as fatigue and frustration. However, “compassionate” emerged as an additional nurse trait from this study. Out of empathy, participants availed themselves for patients to share their problems with them. In their nurturing roles, spending more time with patients and providing personal care fostered closeness which helped in identifying patients’ problems. Helping patients navigate the health system was also found. They perceived patient advocacy as a moral responsibility and identified good communication skills and determination to help patients get their problems solved as important in patient advocacy. Some participants also described compassion-based activities such as pleading on patients’ behalf, providing material and financial assistance, facilitating care and providing emotional support in their advocacy. However, heavy workload and lack of appreciation from patients were found to hinder the performance of the advocacy role. Conclusions We concluded that nurse characteristics that influence patient advocacy are comparable to those identified internationally such as being empathetic, assertiveness and fatigue. Enhancing these characteristics could help nurses overcome the negative states that undermine the patient advocacy role of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Dadzie
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lydia Aziato
- Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Galbete C, Nicolaou M, Meeks KA, de-Graft Aikins A, Addo J, Amoah SK, Smeeth L, Owusu-Dabo E, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Bahendeka S, Agyemang C, Mockenhaupt FP, Beune EJ, Stronks K, Schulze MB, Danquah I. Food consumption, nutrient intake, and dietary patterns in Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots in Ghana. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1341809. [PMID: 28747862 PMCID: PMC5510194 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1341809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: West African immigrants in Europe are disproportionally affected by metabolic conditions compared to European host populations. Nutrition transition through urbanisation and migration may contribute to this observations, but remains to be characterised. Objective: We aimed to describe the dietary behaviour and its socio-demographic factors among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and their compatriots living different Ghanaian settings. Methods: The multi-centre, cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants) study was conducted among Ghanaian adults in rural and urban Ghana, and Europe. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Results: Contributions of macronutrient to the daily energy intake was different across the three study sites. Three dietary patterns were identified. Adherence to the ‘mixed’ pattern was associated with female sex, higher education, and European residency. The ‘rice, pasta, meat, and fish’ pattern was associated with male sex, younger age, higher education, and urban Ghanaian environment. Adherence to the ‘roots, tubers, and plantain’ pattern was mainly related to rural Ghanaian residency. Conclusion: We observed differences in food preferences across study sites: in rural Ghana, diet concentrated on starchy foods; in urban Ghana, nutrition was dominated by animal-based products; and in Europe, diet appeared to be highly diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn A Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen K Amoah
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Faculty of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- International Diabetes Federation, Africa Region, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik J Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Baatiema L, Otim ME, Mnatzaganian G, de-Graft Aikins A, Coombes J, Somerset S. Health professionals' views on the barriers and enablers to evidence-based practice for acute stroke care: a systematic review. Implement Sci 2017; 12:74. [PMID: 28583164 PMCID: PMC5460544 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-017-0599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of contemporary evidence-based guidelines for acute stroke management is often delayed due to a range of key enablers and barriers. Recent reviews on such barriers focus mainly on specific acute stroke therapies or generalised stroke care guidelines. This review examined the overall barriers and enablers, as perceived by health professionals which affect how evidence-based practice guidelines (stroke unit care, thrombolysis administration, aspirin usage and decompressive surgery) for acute stroke care are adopted in hospital settings. METHODOLOGY A systematic search of databases was conducted using MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database from 1990 to 2016. The population of interest included health professionals working clinically or in roles responsible for acute stroke care. There were no restrictions to the study designs. A quality appraisal tool for qualitative studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute and another for quantitative studies by the Centre for Evidence-Based Management were used in the present study. A recent checklist to classify barriers and enablers to health professionals' adherence to evidence-based practice was also used. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria out of a total of 9832 search results. The main barriers or enablers identified included poor organisational or institutional level support, health professionals' limited skills or competence to use a particular therapy, low level of awareness, familiarity or confidence in the effectiveness of a particular evidence-based therapy, limited medical facilities to support evidence uptake, inadequate peer support among health professionals', complex nature of some stroke care therapies or guidelines and patient level barriers. CONCLUSIONS Despite considerable evidence supporting various specific therapies for stroke care, uptake of these therapies is compromised by barriers across organisational, patients, guideline interventions and health professionals' domains. As a result, we recommend that future interventions and health policy directions should be informed by these findings in order to optimise uptake of best practice acute stroke care. Further studies from low- to middle-income countries are needed to understand the barriers and enablers in such settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION The review protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews, PROSPERO 2015 (Registration Number: CRD42015023481 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baatiema
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O Box LG96, Legon-Accra, Ghana.
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Michael E Otim
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P.O Box LG96, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Judith Coombes
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shawn Somerset
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
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Brathwaite R, Addo J, Kunst AE, Agyemang C, Owusu-Dabo E, de-Graft Aikins A, Beune E, Meeks K, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Bahendeka S, Mockenhaupt FP, Amoah S, Galbete C, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Smeeth L. Smoking prevalence differs by location of residence among Ghanaians in Africa and Europe: The RODAM study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177291. [PMID: 28475620 PMCID: PMC5419606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of smoking is low in Ghana, little is known about the effect of migration on smoking. Comparing Ghanaians living in their country of origin to those living in Europe offers an opportunity to investigate smoking by location of residence and the associations between smoking behaviours and migration-related factors. METHODS Data on a relatively homogenous group of Ghanaians living in London (n = 949), Amsterdam (n = 1400), Berlin (n = 543), rural Ghana (n = 973) and urban Ghana (n = 1400) from the cross-sectional RODAM (Research on Obesity & Diabetes in African Migrants) study were used. Age-standardized prevalence rates of smoking by location of residence and factors associated with smoking among Ghanaian men were estimated using prevalence ratios (PR: 95% CIs). RESULTS Current smoking was non-existent among women in rural and urban Ghana and London but was 3.2% and 3.3% in women in Amsterdam and Berlin, respectively. Smoking prevalence was higher in men in Europe (7.8%) than in both rural and urban Ghana (4.8%): PR 1.91: 95% CI 1.27, 2.88, adjusted for age, marital status, education and employment. Factors associated with a higher prevalence of smoking among Ghanaian men included European residence, being divorced or widowed, living alone, Islam religion, infrequent attendance at religious services, assimilation (cultural orientation), and low education. CONCLUSION Ghanaians living in Europe are more likely to smoke than their counterparts in Ghana, suggesting convergence to European populations, although prevalence rates are still far below those in the host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brathwaite
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anton E. Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- International Diabetes Federation, Africa Region, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank P. Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Amoah
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Baatiema L, de-Graft Aikins A, Sav A, Mnatzaganian G, Chan CKY, Somerset S. Barriers to evidence-based acute stroke care in Ghana: a qualitative study on the perspectives of stroke care professionals. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015385. [PMID: 28450468 PMCID: PMC5719663 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite major advances in research on acute stroke care interventions, relatively few stroke patients benefit from evidence-based care due to multiple barriers. Yet current evidence of such barriers is predominantly from high-income countries. This study seeks to understand stroke care professionals' views on the barriers which hinder the provision of optimal acute stroke care in Ghanaian hospital settings. DESIGN A qualitative approach using semistructured interviews. Both thematic and grounded theory approaches were used to analyse and interpret the data through a synthesis of preidentified and emergent themes. SETTING A multisite study, conducted in six major referral acute hospital settings (three teaching and three non-teaching regional hospitals) in Ghana. PARTICIPANTS A total of 40 participants comprising neurologists, emergency physician specialists, non-specialist medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, clinical psychologists and a dietitian. RESULTS Four key barriers and 12 subthemes of barriers were identified. These include barriers at the patient (financial constraints, delays, sociocultural or religious practices, discharge against medical advice, denial of stroke), health system (inadequate medical facilities, lack of stroke care protocol, limited staff numbers, inadequate staff development opportunities), health professionals (poor collaboration, limited knowledge of stroke care interventions) and broader national health policy (lack of political will) levels. Perceived barriers varied across health professional disciplines and hospitals. CONCLUSION Barriers from low/middle-income countries differ substantially from those in high-income countries. For evidence-based acute stroke care in low/middle-income countries such as Ghana, health policy-makers and hospital managers need to consider the contrasts and uniqueness in these barriers in designing quality improvement interventions to optimise patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Baatiema
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Legon, Ghana
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Legon, Ghana
| | - Adem Sav
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carina K Y Chan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shawn Somerset
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia
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Nyaaba GN, Stronks K, de-Graft Aikins A, Kengne AP, Agyemang C. Tracing Africa's progress towards implementing the Non-Communicable Diseases Global action plan 2013-2020: a synthesis of WHO country profile reports. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:297. [PMID: 28381252 PMCID: PMC5382491 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Half of the estimated annual 28 million non-communicable diseases (NCDs) deaths in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are attributed to weak health systems. Current health policy responses to NCDs are fragmented and vertical particularly in the African region. The World Health Organization (WHO) led NCDs Global action plan 2013–2020 has been recommended for reducing the NCD burden but it is unclear whether Africa is on track in its implementation. This paper synthesizes Africa’s progress towards WHO policy recommendations for reducing the NCD burden. Methods Data from the WHO 2011, 2014 and 2015 NCD reports were used for this analysis. We synthesized results by targets descriptions in the three reports and included indicators for which we could trace progress in at least two of the three reports. Results More than half of the African countries did not achieve the set targets for 2015 and slow progress had been made towards the 2016 targets as of December 2013. Some gains were made in implementing national public awareness programmes on diet and/or physical activity, however limited progress was made on guidelines for management of NCD and drug therapy and counselling. While all regions in Africa show waning trends in fully achieving the NCD indicators in general, the Southern African region appears to have made the least progress while the Northern African region appears to be the most progressive. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Africa is off track in achieving the NCDs indicators by the set deadlines. To make sustained public health gains, more effort and commitment is urgently needed from governments, partners and societies to implement these recommendations in a broader strategy. While donors need to suit NCD advocacy with funding, African institutions such as The African Union (AU) and other sub-regional bodies such as West African Health Organization (WAHO) and various country offices could potentially play stronger roles in advocating for more NCD policy efforts in Africa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4199-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Nsorma Nyaaba
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health; Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, PO-box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council & University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Addo J, Agyemang C, de-Graft Aikins A, Beune E, Schulze MB, Danquah I, Galbete C, Nicolaou M, Meeks K, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Bahendaka S, Mockenhaupt FP, Owusu-Dabo E, Kunst A, Stronks K, Smeeth L. Association between socioeconomic position and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Ghanaians in different geographic locations: the RODAM study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:633-639. [PMID: 28348205 PMCID: PMC5485755 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of diabetes has been shown to be socially patterned but the direction of the association in low-income countries and among migrant populations in Europe has varied in the literature. This study examined the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and diabetes in Ghanaians in Europe and in Ghana. Methods Data were derived from the multicentre Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study of Ghanaian adults aged 25–70 years residing in Europe (Amsterdam, Berlin and London) and in urban and rural Ghana. Educational attainment (elementary, secondary or higher) and occupational class (low or high) were used as indicators of SEP. Age-standardised prevalence of diabetes and prevalence ratios were evaluated separately for men and women of different SEP in Ghana and Europe. Results A total of 5290 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of diabetes decreased with increasing level of education in Ghanaian men and women in Europe and in men in urban Ghana, whereas diabetes prevalence increased with increasing level of education in men and women in rural Ghana. The association between occupational class and the prevalence of diabetes followed a less consistent pattern in men and women in the different locations. Conclusions The association of diabetes and SEP differed in rural Ghana compared with urban settings in Ghana and Europe and comparing men and women, highlighting the complex interaction of SEP and the development of diabetes. These findings have important implications for diabetes prevention strategies in Ghanaians in different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anton Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Agyemang C, Beune E, Meeks K, Addo J, Aikins ADG, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Mockenhaupt FP, Schulze MB, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Smeeth L, Stronks K. Innovative ways of studying the effect of migration on obesity and diabetes beyond the common designs: lessons from the RODAM study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1391:54-70. [PMID: 27706830 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity are major global public health problems, with migrant populations in high-income countries being particularly affected. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are also major threats in low- and middle-income countries, from which most migrant populations originate. Transitioning of societies and the resulting changes in lifestyles are thought to be major driving forces, but the key specific factors within this broad category still need to be determined. Migrant studies provide a unique opportunity to understand the potential underlying causes of these conditions, but current research is mainly geared toward analyzing the differences between migrants and the host populations in the countries of settlement. For better understanding, there is a need to extend migrant health research across national boundaries. This review discusses innovative ways of studying the effect of migration on type 2 diabetes and obesity beyond the common designs and the relevance of extending migrant health studies across national boundaries in the current era of increasing global migration. Specifically, we describe the burden and different methods for conducting migrant studies. We use the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study as a case study, discussing the methods, some results, and lessons learned, including challenges and an essential recipe for success that may guide future migrant health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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49
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Dedey F, Wu L, Ayettey H, Sanuade OA, Akingbola TS, Hewlett SA, Tayo BO, Cole HV, de-Graft Aikins A, Ogedegbe G, Adanu R. Factors Associated With Waiting Time for Breast Cancer Treatment in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Health Educ Behav 2016; 43:420-7. [PMID: 27091222 DOI: 10.1177/1090198115620417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Ghana. Data are limited on the predictors of poor outcomes in breast cancer patients in low-income countries; however, prolonged waiting time has been implicated. Among breast cancer patients who received treatment at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, this study evaluated duration and factors that influenced waiting time from first presentation to start of definitive treatment. Method We conducted a hospital-based retrospective study of 205 breast cancer patients starting definitive treatment at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital between May and December 2013. We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient characteristics. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman rank correlation were performed to examine the patients, health system, and health worker factors associated with median waiting time. Poisson regression was used to examine the determinants of waiting time. Results The mean age of the patients was 51.1 ± 11.8 years. The median waiting time was 5 weeks. The determinants of waiting time were level of education, age, income, marital status, ethnicity, disease stage, health insurance status, study sites, time interval between when biopsy was requested and when results were received and receipt of adequate information from health workers. Conclusion A prolonged waiting time to treatment occurs for breast cancer patients in Ghana, particularly for older patients, those with minimal or no education, with lower income, single patients, those with late disease, those who are insured, and who did not receive adequate information from the health workers. Time to obtain biopsy reports should be shortened. Patients and providers need education on timely treatment to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily Wu
- University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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