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Flach EJ, Stidworthy MF, Aberdeen S, Clarke D, Davidson H, Donald H, Goodey G, Hulbert A, John S, Masters N, Macgregor S, Pearce-Kelly P, Spiro S, Guthrie A. FIVE YEARS OF PARTULA SNAIL PRE-EXPORT HEALTH SCREENING. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 55:31-41. [PMID: 38453485 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred Partula snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to repopulate areas of French Polynesia, where the snails were extinct or critically endangered. In total, 129 separate tank populations of 12 different species were screened at ZSL London Zoo. Wet mounts and smears stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) of 535 fecal samples were examined, and 45% contained flagellated protozoa, and 35.5% had MZN-positive oocysts, measuring 3-5 µm in diameter. Smaller (2 µm) presumptive spores, MZN-positive bacilli, ciliated protozoa and nematodes were recorded less frequently. Fecal bacterial culture yielded mixed species, with a clear predominance of Myroides species (88.9% of samples). The MZN-positive oocysts (3-5 µm) were present in 6.5% of impression smears from the apices of 432 snails examined postmortem, plus acid-fast bacilli in a few cases, but no 2 µm spores. Mixed bacteria were cultured from coelomic swabs, with Myroides species again the most common (63.5%). Histologic examination was carried out on 292 snails. Autolysis affected almost 90% of those found dead but only 3.4% of euthanized snails. Histology commonly identified microsporidial sporocysts in the digestive gland and midgut epithelium of all but two species. Intracellular, extracytoplasmic Cryptosporidium-like organisms were also common in the midgut but were only observed when snails were fixed in 10% formalin (2017-2019), not ethanol. There were no clear pathologic changes associated with either organism. Pigmented hemocytic nodules were commonly observed, most frequently in the foot process; these were either age related or evidence of prior chronic inflammatory reaction and of low clinical significance. With no evidence of poor health and no significant organisms found, a total of 4,978 individuals representing 12 species were exported for reintroduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Flach
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom,
| | - Mark F Stidworthy
- International Zoo Veterinary Group Pathology, Keighley, BD21 4NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Aberdeen
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - David Clarke
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Davidson
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Donald
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Goodey
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Alysa Hulbert
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Shinto John
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Nic Masters
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Shaheed Macgregor
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Pearce-Kelly
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Spiro
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Guthrie
- Wildlife Health and Animal Departments, and the Institute of Zoology, ZSL London Zoo, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
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Cock HR, Spiro S, Stidworthy MF, Denk D, Guthrie A. RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD DOGS ( LYCAON PICTUS) HELD WITHIN UNITED KINGDOM ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS BETWEEN 2000 AND 2020. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:498-510. [PMID: 37817615 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and is part of captive breeding programs designed to support free-living populations and genetic diversity. This study's aim was to identify common causes of morbidity and mortality objectively in United Kingdom captive African wild dogs to inform management recommendations that will improve health and welfare and reduce disease prevalence. Data were gathered from 140 individual dogs housed in 10 institutions, with morbidity records for 122 individuals and 70 postmortem reports. Descriptive statistics including the Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratios were used to analyze morbidity and mortality across age and sex. The most common cause of death for African wild dogs, excluding those,< 7 d old, was trauma (23%), followed by geriatric (18%), degenerative (15%), and neoplastic (14%) conditions. The most common morbidity was also trauma (62%), of which 76% was caused by intraspecific aggression. Integumentary disease secondary to trauma was the most common morbidity by body system. Eight independent incidents of barbiturate toxicosis from consumption of contaminated carcasses, affecting 18 animals, were identified. Records for neonatal deaths were incomplete and conclusions limited; neonatal loss was estimated at 20.5%. Recommendations include research into factors affecting intraspecific aggression in captivity, operant conditioning for hand injection, provision of dietary carcasses from reputable sources, and improved record-keeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R Cock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom,
- Trinity Veterinary Centre, Maidstone ME16 9NZ, UK
| | - Simon Spiro
- Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F Stidworthy
- International Zoo Veterinary Group, Station House, Keighley BD21 4NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Denk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Guthrie
- Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
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Kane D, Guthrie A, Michaels CJ, Spiro S. Fungal dermatitis secondary to a hemipenal plug in a rhinoceros viper (
Bitis nasicornis
). Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kane
- Zoological Society of London London Zoo London UK
| | | | | | - Simon Spiro
- Zoological Society of London London Zoo London UK
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4
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Ceccolini ME, Wessels M, Macgregor SK, Deaville R, Perkins M, Jepson PD, John SK, Guthrie A. Systemic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in seven free-ranging delphinids stranded in England and Wales. Dis Aquat Organ 2021; 145:173-184. [PMID: 34263732 DOI: 10.3354/dao03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbiology records for 1127 cetaceans stranded on English and Welsh beaches and examined at the Institute of Zoology between 1990 and 2019 were reviewed to identify cases of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, an uncommon but potentially fatal zoonotic pathogen. Once cases were identified, prevalence was calculated, corresponding postmortem reports were reviewed, common gross and histopathological findings were identified, and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined. Overall prevalence for E. rhusiopathiae was 0.62% (7/1127; 95% CI: 0.30-1.28%). It was isolated from 3 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus, 3 harbor porpoises Phocoena phocoena, and 1 short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis, with a prevalence of 21.4% (3/14; 95% CI: 7.6-47.9%), 0.39% (3/779; 95% CI: 0.13-1.13%), and 0.47% (1/212; 95% CI: 0.08-2.62%) for each species, respectively. E. rhusiopathiae resulted in septicemia in all cases from which it was isolated. Gross necropsy findings included pulmonary edema (5/7), hemorrhage (5/7) and/or congestion of various organs (4/7), and serosanguineous effusion (3/7; pericardial: 3/7, pleural: 2/6, abdominal: 2/6). Congestion (5/5), bacterial emboli (4/5), and hemorrhage (4/5) were commonly observed on histopathology, and acute renal tubular injury (2/5) and pulmonary edema (2/5) were occasionally observed. Routine bacterial cultures were vital in identifying E. rhusiopathiae, since gross lesions were often subtle and nonspecific. The liver, kidney, and brain were key organs from which E. rhusiopathiae was consistently isolated. Antibiotic resistance was uncommon and was only observed for amikacin and trimethoprim sulfonamide. Penicillins were consistently effective, along with fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, cephalexin, and oxytetracycline.
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5
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Golokolenov I, Guthrie A, Kafanov S, Pashkin YA, Tsepelin V. On the origin of the controversial electrostatic field effect in superconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2747. [PMID: 33980842 PMCID: PMC8115342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconducting quantum devices offer numerous applications, from electrical metrology and magnetic sensing to energy-efficient high-end computing and advanced quantum information processing. The key elements of quantum circuits are (single and double) Josephson junctions controllable either by electric current or magnetic field. The voltage control, commonly used in semiconductor-based devices via the electrostatic field effect, would be far more versatile and practical. Hence, the field effect recently reported in superconducting devices may revolutionise the whole field of superconductor electronics provided it is confirmed. Here we show that the suppression of the critical current attributed to the field effect, can be explained by quasiparticle excitations in the constriction of superconducting devices. Our results demonstrate that a miniscule leakage current between the gate and the constriction of devices perfectly follows the Fowler-Nordheim model of electron field emission from a metal electrode and injects quasiparticles with energies sufficient to weaken or even suppress superconductivity. A recent report on electrostatic field effect in superconducting devices provides a high potential for advanced quantum technology, but it remains controversial. Here, the authors report that the suppression of critical current, which was attributed to the field effect, can instead be explained by quasiparticle excitations in the constriction of superconducting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Golokolenov
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,P. L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Guthrie
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Kafanov
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Yu A Pashkin
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - V Tsepelin
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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6
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Guthrie A, Strike T, Patterson S, Walker C, Cowl V, Franklin AD, Powell DM. The past, present and future of hormonal contraceptive use in managed captive female tiger populations with a focus on the current use of deslorelin acetate. Zoo Biol 2021; 40:306-319. [PMID: 33724521 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tigers (Panthera tigris spp.) are endangered in the wild; ensuring sustainable insurance populations requires careful planning within zoological collections. In captive situations, contraceptives are often used to control breeding and ensure genetically viable populations that contain manageable numbers of animals; reversible contraceptives are ideal because they offer flexibility for breeding management. Historically, synthetic progestins, such as melengestrol acetate implants, were used in female tigers, but these are associated with an increased risk of reproductive pathology and subsequent infertility. Recent management advice to ex-situ collections has been to transition to the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, such as deslorelin acetate implants, which do not appear to have a similar risk of reproductive pathology but are associated with highly variable reversal times in exotic felids. Using data from 917 contraceptive records in female tigers captured by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria Reproductive Management Group's joint Contraception Database and from supplementary surveys, this study reviews the changing use of contraceptives in captive female tigers. The aim was to describe the historical and current use of contraceptives and provide a comprehensive assessment on the use of deslorelin implants, including data on product protocols, efficacy, pathology, and reversibility. This study determined that current dose, frequency, reversibility, and anatomical placement sites of deslorelin implants are highly variable, indicating that specific, readily available, unified, evidence-based recommendations on the use of deslorelin would be useful for future contraceptive use in managed tiger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Guthrie
- Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taina Strike
- Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, United Kingdom.,The EAZA Reproductive Management Group, Chester Zoo, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Patterson
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Walker
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Cowl
- The North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Chester Zoo, Chester, United Kingdom.,The European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), Artis Zoo, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,The EAZA Reproductive Management Group, Chester Zoo, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley D Franklin
- Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) Reproductive Management Center, Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - David M Powell
- Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) Reproductive Management Center, Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
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7
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Zhong J, Smith C, Walker P, Sheridan M, Guthrie A, Albazaz R. Imaging post liver transplantation part I: vascular complications. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:845-853. [PMID: 32709390 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation continues to rise in frequency, with over 1,000 procedures performed in the UK in 2018. Complications are increasingly uncommon but when they occur, early recognition and intervention is vital to save grafts. Imaging after the perioperative period is often performed at patients' local hospitals meaning that all radiologists and sonographers need to have an understanding of how to assess a transplant liver. Part I of this series will focus on vascular complications, including the normal postoperative vascular anatomy following liver transplantation, normal post-transplantation vascular imaging findings and abnormal findings that may prompt further investigation. Vascular complications following liver transplantation will be illustrated using a collection of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhong
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - C Smith
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - P Walker
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - M Sheridan
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Guthrie
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - R Albazaz
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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8
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Evans R, Taylor S, Kalasthry J, Sakai N, Miles A, Aboagye A, Agoramoorthy L, Ahmed S, Amadi A, Anand G, Atkin G, Austria A, Ball S, Bazari F, Beable R, Beare S, Beedham H, Beeston T, Bharwani N, Bhatnagar G, Bhowmik A, Blakeway L, Blunt D, Boavida P, Boisfer D, Breen D, Bridgewater J, Burke S, Butawan R, Campbell Y, Chang E, Chao D, Chukundah S, Clarke C, Collins B, Collins C, Conteh V, Couture J, Crosbie J, Curtis H, Daniel A, Davis L, Desai K, Duggan M, Ellis S, Elton C, Engledow A, Everitt C, Ferdous S, Frow A, Furneaux M, Gibbons N, Glynne-Jones R, Gogbashian A, Goh V, Gourtsoyianni S, Green A, Green L, Green L, Groves A, Guthrie A, Hadley E, Halligan S, Hameeduddin A, Hanid G, Hans S, Hans B, Higginson A, Honeyfield L, Hughes H, Hughes J, Hurl L, Isaac E, Jackson M, Jalloh A, Janes S, Jannapureddy R, Jayme A, Johnson A, Johnson E, Julka P, Kalasthry J, Karapanagiotou E, Karp S, Kay C, Kellaway J, Khan S, Koh D, Light T, Limbu P, Lock S, Locke I, Loke T, Lowe A, Lucas N, Maheswaran S, Mallett S, Marwood E, McGowan J, Mckirdy F, Mills-Baldock T, Moon T, Morgan V, Morris S, Morton A, Nasseri S, Navani N, Nichols P, Norman C, Ntala E, Nunes A, Obichere A, O'Donohue J, Olaleye I, Oliver A, Onajobi A, O'Shaughnessy T, Padhani A, Pardoe H, Partridge W, Patel U, Perry K, Piga W, Prezzi D, Prior K, Punwani S, Pyers J, Rafiee H, Rahman F, Rajanpandian I, Ramesh S, Raouf S, Reczko K, Reinhardt A, Robinson D, Rockall A, Russell P, Sargus K, Scurr E, Shahabuddin K, Sharp A, Shepherd B, Shiu K, Sidhu H, Simcock I, Simeon C, Smith A, Smith D, Snell D, Spence J, Srirajaskanthan R, Stachini V, Stegner S, Stirling J, Strickland N, Tarver K, Teague J, Thaha M, Train M, Tulmuntaha S, Tunariu N, van Ree K, Verjee A, Wanstall C, Weir S, Wijeyekoon S, Wilson J, Wilson S, Win T, Woodrow L, Yu D. Patient deprivation and perceived scan burden negatively impact the quality of whole-body MRI. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:308-315. [PMID: 31836179 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between the image quality of cancer staging whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) and patient demographics, distress, and perceived scan burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of patients recruited prospectively to multicentre trials comparing WB-MRI with standard scans for staging lung and colorectal cancer were invited to complete two questionnaires. The baseline questionnaire, administered at recruitment, collated data on demographics, distress and co-morbidity. The follow-up questionnaire, completed after staging investigations, measured perceived WB-MRI scan burden (scored 1 low to 7 high). WB-MRI anatomical coverage, and technical quality was graded by a radiographic technician and grading combined to categorise the scan as "optimal", "sub-optimal" or "degraded". A radiologist categorised 30 scans to test interobserver agreement. Data were analysed using the chi-square, Fisher's exact, t-tests, and multinomial regression. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study (53 lung, 61 colorectal; average age 65.3 years, SD=11.8; 66 men [57.9%]). Overall, 45.6% (n=52), scans were classified as "optimal" quality, 39.5% (n=45) "sub-optimal", and 14.9% (n=17) as "degraded". In adjusted analyses, greater deprivation level and higher patient-reported scan burden were both associated with a higher likelihood of having a sub-optimal versus an optimal scan (odds ratio [OR]: 4.465, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.454 to 13.709, p=0.009; OR: 1.987, CI: 1.153 to 3.425, p=0.013, respectively). None of the variables predicted the likelihood of having a degraded scan. CONCLUSIONS Deprivation and patients' perceived experience of the WB-MRI are related to image quality. Tailored protocols and individualised patient management before and during WB-MRI may improve image quality.
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9
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Wilson JB, Salman M, Janzen E, Sparagano O, Speer N, Pantaleon L, La Jeunesse C, Häsler B, Wills M, Rielander D, Du Preez R, Nguyen Thi Minh T, Le Thanh H, Guthrie A, Wilson M, Hayes FJ, London S, Churchyard R, Gillam W, Noor S, Delaney C, Briggs H, Cook K, Rivers J. Community Network Integration: An approach to alignment of One Health partners for solutions to 'Wicked' problems of antimicrobial resistance. Prev Vet Med 2019; 175:104870. [PMID: 31896504 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Wilson
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada.
| | - M Salman
- Animal Population Health Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1601, United States
| | - E Janzen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary, TRW 2D01, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - O Sparagano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - N Speer
- Turkey Track Consulting, 1080 Parkwood Court, Bowling Green, KY, 42103, United States
| | - L Pantaleon
- Pantaleon PLLC, Versailles, KY, United States
| | - C La Jeunesse
- La Jeune Consulting, P.O. Box 224, Southworth, WA, 98386, United States
| | - B Häsler
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wills
- G. Magnotta Lyme Disease Research Lab, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D Rielander
- Farmers Resource Animal Production, P.O. Box 61419, Pierre van Ryneveld, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - R Du Preez
- AfriVet, 195 Dawie Street, Newmark Estate and Office Park, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - T Nguyen Thi Minh
- Department of Husbandry and Veterinary Studies, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - H Le Thanh
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - A Guthrie
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada
| | - M Wilson
- Department of Husbandry and Veterinary Studies, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Viet Nam
| | - F J Hayes
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada
| | - S London
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - R Churchyard
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Gillam
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada
| | - S Noor
- College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C Delaney
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada
| | - H Briggs
- Bracelet of Hope, 21 Yarmouth St, Guelph, ON, N1H 4G2, Canada
| | - K Cook
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada
| | - J Rivers
- Novometrix Research Inc., 4564 Nassagaweya-Puslinch Townline, Moffat, ON, L0P 1J0, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Goody R, Arunsingh M, Murray L, Adair R, Albazaz R, Anthoney A, Beckett C, Cairns A, Collinson F, Guthrie A, Kenyon A, Macutkiewicz C, Sanni L, Sheridan M, Smith A, Trainor P, Radhakrishna G. EP-1428: Early outcomes following neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Guthrie A, Citino S, Rooker L, Zelazo-Kessler A, Lim A, Myers C, Bolin SR, Trainor K. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in six captive southern cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:319-24. [PMID: 27439350 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION Within a 2-week period, 4 southern cassowaries (Casuarius casuarius) at an exhibit at a Virginia zoo died acutely subsequent to eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) infection. This prompted a search for other EEEV outbreaks in cassowaries, which resulted in the identification of 2 additional cassowaries that died of EEEV infection at a conservation center in Florida. CLINICAL FINDINGS Both juvenile and adult birds were affected. Three of the 6 birds died acutely with no premonitory signs. Clinical disease in the other 3 birds was characterized by lethargy and ataxia. Clinicopathologic findings typically included leukocytosis, hyperuricemia, abnormally high liver enzyme activities, and hyper-β globulinemia, which was indicative of acute inflammation. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The 3 birds with clinical disease died despite supportive treatment. Gross abnormalities commonly observed during necropsy included coelomitis and evidence of diarrhea. Frequently observed histologic abnormalities were encephalitis, vasculitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and splenitis. The diagnosis of EEEV infection was confirmed by detection of serum anti-EEEV antibodies or detection of viral RNA in brain tissue by use of a reverse-transcriptase PCR assay. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that EEEV can cause high morbidity and mortality rates in southern cassowaries. Clinical disease might be reduced or prevented by vaccination, isolation of ill birds, and mosquito control strategies.
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Roberts T, Wilson J, Guthrie A, Cookson K, Vancraeynest D, Schaeffer J, Moody R, Clark S. New issues and science in broiler chicken intestinal health: Emerging technology and alternative interventions. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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13
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Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, Muise M, Vandermeer B, Donovan L. Diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes and their impact on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review. Diabet Med 2014; 31:319-31. [PMID: 24528230 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess different diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes on outcomes for mothers and their offspring in the absence of treatment for gestational diabetes. This information was used to inform a National Institutes of Health consensus conference on diagnosing gestational diabetes. METHODS We searched 15 electronic databases from 1995 to May 2012. Study selection was conducted independently by two reviewers. Randomized controlled trials or cohort studies were eligible if they involved women without known pre-existing diabetes mellitus and who did not undergo treatment for gestational diabetes. One reviewer extracted, and a second reviewer verified, data for accuracy. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included. Three large, methodologically strong studies showed a continuous positive relationship between increasing glucose levels and the incidence of Caesarean section and macrosomia. When data were examined categorically (i.e. women meeting or not meeting specific diagnostic thresholds), women with gestational diabetes across all glucose criteria had significantly more Caesarean sections, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia (except for International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups' criteria) and large for gestational age. Higher glucose thresholds did not consistently demonstrate greater risk for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher glucose thresholds did not consistently demonstrate greater risk, possibly because studies did not compare mutually exclusive groups of women. A pragmatic approach for diagnosis of gestational diabetes using Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study odds ratio 2.0 thresholds warrants further consideration until additional analysis of the data comparing mutually exclusive groups of women is provided and large randomized controlled trials investigating different diagnostic and treatment thresholds are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hartling
- Alberta Research Center for Health Evidence and the University of Alberta Evidence-Based Practice Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sockett P, Goebel SE, Varela NP, Guthrie A, Wilson J, Guilbault LA, Clark WF. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli: costs of illness in Canada, including long-term health outcomes. J Food Prot 2014; 77:216-26. [PMID: 24490915 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to provide cost estimates of human Escherichia coli O157 infection to facilitate future assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative preventive strategies to reduce illness. We investigated the costs of illness to Canadians from primary human infection by verotoxigenic E. coli O157 (also called Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157) using data from the National Notifiable Diseases Registry. We used relative risk information from peer-reviewed publications to estimate the burden of illness and associated costs for eight long-term health outcomes. National estimates of the number of cases (mean and 5th and 95th percentiles), associated costs, and a rank correlation test to identify which outcomes were associated with the highest per capita costs were calculated. An estimated 22,344 cases of primary infections occur in Canada annually, costing $26.7 million. There are 37,867 additional on-going long-term health outcomes costing $377.2 million each year. Our analysis indicated that the annual cost for primary and long-term illness is $403.9 million. The analysis supports evaluation of alternative control and prevention measures and the development and implementation of policy and practices aimed at safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sockett
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S E Goebel
- Bioniche Life Sciences, 231 Dundas Street E., Belleville, Ontario, Canada K8N 1E2.
| | - N P Varela
- University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - A Guthrie
- Novometrix Research, Inc., Moffat, Ontario, Canada L0P 1J0
| | - J Wilson
- Novometrix Research, Inc., Moffat, Ontario, Canada L0P 1J0
| | - L A Guilbault
- BIOptima Consulting, Inc., Saint-Bruno, Québec, Canada J3V 6G8
| | - W F Clark
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5W9
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15
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El Garch H, Crafford JE, Amouyal P, Durand PY, Edlund Toulemonde C, Lemaitre L, Cozette V, Guthrie A, Minke JM. An African horse sickness virus serotype 4 recombinant canarypox virus vaccine elicits specific cell-mediated immune responses in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 149:76-85. [PMID: 22763149 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine co-expressing synthetic genes encoding outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 4 (ALVAC(®)-AHSV4) has been demonstrated to fully protect horses against homologous challenge with virulent field virus. Guthrie et al. (2009) detected weak and variable titres of neutralizing antibody (ranging from <10 to 40) 8 weeks after vaccination leading us to hypothesize that there could be a participation of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in protection against AHSV4. The present study aimed at characterizing the CMI induced by the experimental ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccine. Six horses received two vaccinations twenty-eight days apart and three horses remained unvaccinated. The detection of VP2/VP5 specific IFN-γ responses was assessed by enzyme linked immune spot (ELISpot) assay and clearly demonstrated that all ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinated horses developed significant IFN-γ production compared to unvaccinated horses. More detailed immune responses obtained by flow cytometry demonstrated that ALVAC(®)-AHSV4 vaccinations induced immune cells, mainly CD8(+) T cells, able to recognize multiple T-epitopes through all VP2 and only the N-terminus sequence of VP5. Neither VP2 nor VP5 specific IFN-γ responses were detected in unvaccinated horses. Overall, our data demonstrated that an experimental recombinant canarypox based vaccine induced significant CMI specific for both VP2 and VP5 proteins of AHSV4.
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16
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Shihab OC, Taylor F, Bees N, Blake H, Jeyadevan N, Bleehen R, Blomqvist L, Creagh M, George C, Guthrie A, Massouh H, Peppercorn D, Moran BJ, Heald RJ, Quirke P, Tekkis P, Brown G. Relevance of magnetic resonance imaging-detected pelvic sidewall lymph node involvement in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2011; 98:1798-804. [PMID: 21928408 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-suspected pelvic sidewall (PSW) lymph node involvement in rectal cancer is uncertain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images were reviewed retrospectively by specialist gastrointestinal radiologists for the presence of suspicious PSW nodes. Scans and outcome data were from patients with biopsy-proven rectal cancer and a minimum of 5 years' follow-up in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Rectal Cancer European Equivalence Study. Overall disease-free survival (DFS) was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and stratified according to preoperative therapy. Binary logistic regression was used to match patients for propensity of clinical and staging characteristics, and further survival analysis was carried out to determine associations between suspicious PSW nodes on MRI and survival outcomes. RESULTS Of 325 patients, 38 (11·7 per cent) had MRI-identified suspicious PSW nodes on baseline scans. Such nodes were associated with poor outcomes. Five-year DFS was 42 and 70·7 per cent respectively for patients with, and without suspicious PSW nodes (P < 0·001). Among patients undergoing primary surgery, MRI-suspected PSW node involvement was associated with worse 5-year DFS (31 versus 76·3 per cent; P = 0·001), but the presence of suspicious nodes had no impact on survival among patients who received preoperative therapy. After propensity matching for clinical and tumour characteristics, the presence of suspicious PSW nodes on MRI was not an independent prognostic variable. CONCLUSION Patients with suspicious PSW nodes on MRI had significantly worse DFS that appeared improved with the use of preoperative therapy. These nodes were associated with adverse features of the primary tumour and were not an independent prognostic factor.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Guthrie
- Zoo Boise, 355 N. Julia Davis Drive, Boise, ID 83702, USA
| | - Jeff George
- Sea Turtle Inc., 6617 Padre Boulevard, South Padre Island, TX 78597, USA
| | - Thomas W. deMaar
- Gladys Porter Zoo, 500 Ringgold Street, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
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18
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Gee J, Laforest S, Pugacz A, Guthrie A, Salem W, Sabatka S, Ortiz C, Hoover D. Getting serious about transition: A medication reconciliation model of care in the management of heart failure. Heart Lung 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Brannigan G, Tabernacle B, Guthrie A. Legal. How to avoid taking liberties. Health Serv J 2010; 120:21. [PMID: 20476624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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20
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Lipinski MJ, Amigues Y, Blasi M, Broad TE, Cherbonnel C, Cho GJ, Corley S, Daftari P, Delattre DR, Dileanis S, Flynn JM, Grattapaglia D, Guthrie A, Harper C, Karttunen PL, Kimura H, Lewis GM, Longeri M, Meriaux JC, Morita M, Morrin-O'donnell RC, Niini T, Pedersen NC, Perrotta G, Polli M, Rittler S, Schubbert R, Strillacci MG, Van Haeringen H, Van Haeringen W, Lyons LA. An international parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus). Anim Genet 2007; 38:371-7. [PMID: 17655554 PMCID: PMC1974777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen commercial and research laboratories participated in two comparison tests under the auspices of the International Society for Animal Genetics to develop an internationally tested, microsatellite-based parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus). Genetic marker selection was based on the polymorphism information content and allele ranges from seven random-bred populations (n = 261) from the USA, Europe and Brazil and eight breeds (n = 200) from the USA. Nineteen microsatellite markers were included in the comparison test and genotyped across the samples. Based on robustness and efficiency, nine autosomal microsatellite markers were ultimately selected as a single multiplex ‘core’ panel for cat identification and parentage testing. Most markers contained dinucleotide repeats. In addition to the autosomal markers, the panel included two gender-specific markers, amelogenin and zinc-finger XY, which produced genotypes for both the X and Y chromosomes. This international cat parentage and identification panel has a power of exclusion comparable to panels used in other species, ranging from 90.08% to 99.79% across breeds and 99.47% to 99.87% in random-bred cat populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lipinski
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Rout S, Foo FJ, Hayden JD, Guthrie A, Smith AM. Right-sided Bochdalek hernia obstructing in an adult: case report and review of the literature. Hernia 2007; 11:359-62. [PMID: 17342385 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-007-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bochdalek hernias on the right side of the diaphragm are very rarely diagnosed in adults. We review a case of a 35-year-old female who presented acutely with intestinal obstruction. Plain and cross-sectional imaging identified a large right-sided Bochdalek hernia, containing colon, causing a mechanical obstruction and, surprisingly, concurrent appendicitis. The patient underwent an emergency laparotomy. At surgery the colon was reduced and was viable. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired using non-absorbable sutures and an appendicectomy was then performed for purulent appendicitis. She made an uneventful recovery and remains well at 9-month follow-up. We discuss what we believe to be the first reported case of an obstructed right-sided Bochdalek's hernia associated with appendicitis in an adult and review the published literature on this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rout
- Department of Surgery, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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22
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Penedo MCT, Millon LV, Bernoco D, Bailey E, Binns M, Cholewinski G, Ellis N, Flynn J, Gralak B, Guthrie A, Hasegawa T, Lindgren G, Lyons LA, Røed KH, Swinburne JE, Tozaki T. International Equine Gene Mapping Workshop Report: a comprehensive linkage map constructed with data from new markers and by merging four mapping resources. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 111:5-15. [PMID: 16093715 DOI: 10.1159/000085664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive male linkage map was generated by adding 359 new, informative microsatellites to the International Equine Gene Map half-sibling reference families and by combining genotype data from three independent mapping resources: a full sibling family created at the Animal Health Trust in Newmarket, United Kingdom, eight half-sibling families from Sweden and two half-sibling families from the University of California, Davis. Because the combined data were derived primarily from half-sibling families, only autosomal markers were analyzed. The map was constructed from a total of 766 markers distributed on the 31 equine chromosomes. It has a higher marker density than that of previously reported maps, with 626 markers linearly ordered and 140 other markers assigned to a chromosomal region. Fifty-nine markers (7%) failed to meet the criteria for statistical evidence of linkage and remain unassigned. The map spans 3,740 cM with an average distance of 6.3 cM between markers. Fifty-five percent of the intervals are < or = 5 cM and only 3% > or = 20 cM. The present map demonstrates the cohesiveness of the different data sets and provides a single resource for genome scan analyses and integration with the radiation hybrid map.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C T Penedo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Dasgupta D, Guthrie A, McClean P, Davison S, Luntley J, Rajwal S, Lodge JPA, Prasad KR, Wyatt JI, Stringer MD. Liver transplantation for a hilar inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Pediatr Transplant 2004; 8:517-21. [PMID: 15367291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2004.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A 7-yr-old boy presented with obstructive jaundice secondary to an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor centered on the hepatic hilum and extending into the liver. The tumor was further complicated by portal vein phlebitis and occlusion. Attempted resection of the tumor with portal vein reconstruction and bilioenteric drainage was unsuccessful and he required urgent orthotopic liver transplantation. In contrast to more peripheral inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the liver, hilar lesions are locally aggressive, causing occlusive portal phlebitis and biliary obstruction. Successful management may include the need for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dasgupta
- Children's Liver and GI Unit, Gledhow Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Hassan A, Lansbury A, Catto AJ, Guthrie A, Spencer J, Craven C, Grant PJ, Bamford JM. Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype is associated with leukoaraiosis in lacunar syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72:343-6. [PMID: 11861692 PMCID: PMC1737772 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathological and clinical data suggest that patients presenting with ischaemic lacunar syndromes may be a heterogenous group. Those with isolated lacunar infarction are thought to have localised atherosclerosis whereas in those with coexisting leukoaraiois a distinct diffuse small vessel vasculopathy may be the predominant underlying pathology. The ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is an important candidate gene in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease but, where lacunar stroke specifically has been examined, there have been discrepant reports concerning a possible association. It was hypothesised that the influence of the ACE gene may be different among the two subgroups of ischaemic lacunar stroke reflecting the heterogeneity of the small vessel disease phenotype. METHODS Eighty four consecutive patients presenting with classic lacunar syndromes were studied. All had acute cranial CT to exclude primary intracerebral haemorrhage and these were subsequently assessed for the presence and extent of leukoaraiosis. All patients were genotyped for the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the distribution of ACE genotype with the DD genotype occurring more often in patients with leukoaraiosis and the II and ID genotypes occurring more often among those in whom this was absent (chi(2)=9.06, p=0.01). In a logistic regression model the ACE DD genotype remained as an independent predictor for the presence of leukoaraiosis (p=0.02) in patients presenting with classic lacunar syndromes. CONCLUSION This study supports the hypothesis that there may be different types of small vessel disease in patients with classic lacunar syndromes and that the influence of the ACE DD genotype may be relevant in mediating the diffuse form of vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hassan
- Department of Neurology, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Abstract
A two-dimensional, steady state model of the circle of Willis has been developed. To simulate the peripheral resistance of the cerebrovascular tree, blocks of porous media were used. Their effective resistance was kept constant, disregarding the effects of arterial auto-regulation. The model was then used to simulate different common abnormalities of the circle of Willis while a range of varying boundary conditions was imposed to the right internal carotid artery (ICA). The total flux was tabulated and compared favourably with both clinical measurements and other models of the circle of Willis. Relevant fluid dynamics effects were also observed and analysed. The present model demonstrates that the use of CFD can produce physiological results if the appropriate boundary conditions are used. We can provide clinicians with a priority list of the severity of the flux reduction for the considered abnormalities for different degrees of stenosis of the right ICA. From this study it is apparent that the redistribution of blood via the circle of Willis is mainly driven by changes in the vascular resistance of the brain rather than in the local arterial geometry. The use of valid peripheral resistances allows for a more realistic model of the circle of Willis but also highlights the need for more accurate means to estimate the vascular resistance of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferrández
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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26
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Guthrie A. Separation anxiety: an overview. Pediatr Dent 1997; 19:486-90. [PMID: 9442544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Guthrie
- Oklahoma University College of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, USA
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Stanley SMR, Wilhelmi BS, Rodgers JP, Guthrie A. Detection of corticosteroids by high-performance liquid chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a particle beam interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200230805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krecek RC, van Nieuwenhuizen LC, Guthrie A, Robbertse PJ. Pollen grains of grasses in horse faecal analysis. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1993; 64:59. [PMID: 8410942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Dealler S, Guthrie A, Lipkin G. Quantitative Pyoverdin Measurement in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa CAPD Peritonitis. Perit Dial Int 1988. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088800800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Lipkin
- University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
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Evans JR, Ogston S, Guthrie A, Johnston B, McKechnie L. The relationship between liver function tests and alcohol intake in patients admitted to an alcoholism unit. Ann Clin Biochem 1984; 21 ( Pt 4):261-7. [PMID: 6207761 DOI: 10.1177/000456328402100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Values of various blood plasma tests have been determined in heavy drinkers admitted to an Alcoholism Unit and in a reference group of occasional social drinkers. These tests were total protein, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and amylase. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of GGT and AST as indices of alcohol intake in heavy drinkers entering an Alcoholism Unit. The data indicate that in the patients group intra-personal variance and analytical variances are relatively small compared with the between-person variance. The data also indicate, however, that in the patients group GGT and AST are not valid group indices of alcohol intake since the between-person variation is large and the correlation with alcohol intake is weak due to large differences in the dose-response relationship between individuals. AST and GGT are poor indicators of alcohol intake in admissions to an Alcoholism Unit.
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Presly AS, Guthrie A, Fraser D. A follow-up study of discharged long-stay patients. Health Bull (Edinb) 1982; 40:220-7. [PMID: 6816756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Guthrie A, Elliott WA. Early cerebral impairment in alcoholism. Health Bull (Edinb) 1981; 39:384-92. [PMID: 7327940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Devgun MS, Fiabane A, Paterson CR, Zarembski P, Guthrie A. Vitamin and mineral nutrition in chronic alcoholics including patients with Korsakoff's psychosis. Br J Nutr 1981; 45:469-73. [PMID: 6972227 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19810125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
1. A group of 129 patients with chronic alcoholism were assessed for their nutritional status with respect to certain minerals and vitamins, and compared with control subjects. 2. In all subjects the plasma values were normal for calcium, magnesium and zinc. 3. As in other studies a seasonal variation was found in the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the control subjects and the alcoholic subjects; in all seasons lower levels were found in the alcoholics than in the controls, but none of the alcoholic patients had results in the range found in osteomalacia. 4. The alcoholic subjects had low levels of ascorbic acid both in the plasma and in the leucocytes. 5. Although vitamin A and beta-carotene levels were within the reference range, the results in alcoholics were found to be lower than in the control subjects. 6. We suggest that subclinical vitamin deficiencies other than thiamine deficiency contribute to the cerebral impairment frequently found in alcoholism.
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Guthrie A. The first year after treatment: factors affecting time course of reversibility of memory and learning deficits in alcoholism. Adv Exp Med Biol 1980; 126:757-70. [PMID: 7405712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3632-7_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-two alcoholics admitted to the Tayside Area Alcoholism Unit in East Scotland were examined on four tests of memory and learning two weeks after cessation of drinking. Sixty-two were re-examined at four weeks, forty-one at eight weeks, thirty-five at six months and thirty-two at one year after initial abstinence, although some resumed drinking. There was a significant improvement in testing results over the year following treatment, greatest in the period from four to twenty-six weeks. Improvement was most marked in the patients who remained abstinent or almost abstinent and in those not malnourished at admission.
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Abstract
Deficits on tests of learning and memory were related to duration of heavy drinking and malnutrition and they predicted attendance in therapy. Retesting 6 months later indicated improved performance in abstinent patients and more impaired performance in alcoholics who continued to drink as before treatment.
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Fleming AM, Guthrie A. The electroencephalogram, psychological testing, and other investigations in abstinent alcoholics: a longitudinal study. Adv Exp Med Biol 1980; 126:745-56. [PMID: 7405711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3632-7_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Guthrie A, Guthrie DW, Jackson L. Diabetes mellitus. The child with diabetes. J Kans Med Soc 1975; 76:95-9, 107. [PMID: 805196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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