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Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Castillo MFR, Lobo JD, Sanchez YR, Ang G, Cirilo A, Leal JA, Pruitt C, Walker AL, Wilson KL, Pung MA, Redwine LS, Hong S. Post-traumatic stress in older, community-dwelling adults with hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: An investigation of pre-pandemic sociodemographic, health, and vascular and inflammatory biomarker predictors. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:552-566. [PMID: 38088312 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231213305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic-related traumatic stress (PRTS) symptoms are reported in various populations, but risk factors in older adults with chronic medical conditions, remain understudied. We therefore examined correlates and pre-pandemic predictors of PRTS in older adults with hypertension during COVID-19. Participants in California, aged 61-92 years (n = 95), participated in a pre-pandemic healthy aging trial and later completed a COVID-19 assessment (May to September 2020). Those experiencing ⩾1 PRTS symptom (n = 40), and those without PRTS symptoms (n = 55), were compared. The PRTS+ group had poorer mental and general health and greater impairment in instrumental activities of daily living. Pre-pandemic biomarkers of vascular inflammation did not predict increased odds of PRTS; however, greater pre-pandemic anxiety and female gender did predict PRTS during COVID-19. Our findings highlight PRTS as a threat to healthy aging in older adults with hypertension; targeted approaches are needed to mitigate this burden, particularly for females and those with pre-existing anxiety.
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Kohn JN, Lobo JD, Troyer EA, Ang G, Wilson KL, Walker AL, Spoon C, Pruitt C, Tibiriçá L, Pung MA, Redwine LS, Hong S. Tai Chi versus health education as a frailty intervention for community-dwelling older adults with hypertension. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2051-2060. [PMID: 37458963 PMCID: PMC10826892 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is associated with poor outcomes among older adults with hypertension and complicates its pharmacological management. Here, we assessed whether 12-weeks of instructor-guided, group Tai Chi (TC) practice improved frailty relative to Healthy Aging Practice-centered Education (HAP-E) classes in older adults with hypertension. METHODS Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in San Diego County, USA, of 167 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 60 yrs (70% female; 72.1 ± 7.5 yrs), defined as non-frail (66%) or frail (34%) based on 53-item deficit accumulation frailty index (FI). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess pre-to-post intervention differences in FI and logistic regression to explore differential odds of clinically meaningful FI change. RESULTS One hundred thirty-one participants completed post-intervention assessments. Frailty decreased pre-to-post intervention in the TC (ΔFI = - 0.016, d = - 0.39, - 0.75 to - 0.03), but not the HAP-E arm (ΔFI = - 0.009, d = - 0.13, - 0.52-0.27), despite no significant group differences between the TC and HAP-E arms (d = - 0.11, - 0.46-0.23). Furthermore, greater odds of improved FI were observed for frail participants in the TC (OR = 3.84, 1.14-14.9), but not the HAP-E (OR = 1.34, 0.39-4.56) arm. Subgroup analysis indicated treatment effects in TC were attributed to frail participants (frail: ΔFI = - 0.035, d = - 0.68, -1.26 to - 0.08; non-frail: ΔFI = - 0.005, d = - 0.19, - 0.59-0.22), which was not the case in the HAP-E arm (frail: ΔFI = - 0.017, d = - 0.23, - 0.81-0.35; non-frail: ΔFI = - 0.003, d = - 0.07, - 0.47-0.33). Frail participants were no more likely to drop-out of the study than non-frail (71% vs. 69% retained). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of twice-weekly guided TC practice was well-tolerated, associated with decreases in frailty, and increased odds of clinically meaningful FI improvement at post-intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US.
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research On Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US.
| | - Judith D Lobo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Emily A Troyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Gavrila Ang
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Kathleen L Wilson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Amanda L Walker
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Chad Spoon
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Christopher Pruitt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Lize Tibiriçá
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research On Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Meredith A Pung
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
| | - Laura S Redwine
- Family Medicine and Community Health, Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, US
| | - Suzi Hong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, US
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Kohn JN, Lobo JD, Troyer EA, Wilson KL, Ang G, Walker AL, Pruitt C, Pung MA, Redwine LS, Hong S. Tai chi or health education for older adults with hypertension: effects on mental health and psychological resilience to COVID-19. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:496-504. [PMID: 35311437 PMCID: PMC9489818 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2053836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of 12 weeks of community-based, in-person, group Tai Chi (TC) and Health Education (HAP-E) in improving health and wellbeing in older adults with hypertension and in promoting psychological resilience during COVID-19. METHODS A 12-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) in San Diego County, USA. Self-reported depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep disturbances, gratitude, resilience, mental and physical health were assessed in-person pre- and post-intervention, and by long-term follow-up surveys during COVID-19. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess study arm differences over time and logistic regression to identify predictors of positive intervention response. RESULTS Of 182 randomized participants (72.6 ± 7.9 yrs; 72% female), 131 completed the intervention. Modest improvements in health and wellbeing occurred post-intervention in both arms (Cohen's d: TC = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.25-0.51; HAP-E = 0.24, 0.11-0.37), though positive intervention responses were more than twice as likely in TC (OR = 2.29, 1.07-4.57). Younger age, higher anxiety, and poorer mental health at baseline predicted greater odds of response. Small declines in health and wellbeing were reported at the first COVID-19 follow-up, with smaller declines in the TC arm (Cohen's d: TC = -0.15, -0.31-0.00; HAP-E = -0.34, -0.49 to -0.19). Health and wellbeing stabilized at the second COVID-19 follow-up. Most participants (>70%) reported that the interventions benefitted their health and wellbeing during COVID-19. CONCLUSION TC and HAP-E improved health and wellbeing, though TC conferred greater odds of an improved mental health response. Declines in health and wellbeing were observed at pandemic follow-up, with smaller declines in the TC arm, suggesting increased resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N. Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Judith D. Lobo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Emily A. Troyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kathleen L. Wilson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Gavrila Ang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Amanda L. Walker
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher Pruitt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Meredith A. Pung
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Laura S. Redwine
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Kohn JN, Lobo JD, Troyer EA, Wilson KL, Ang G, Walker AL, Pruitt C, Pung MA, Redwine LS, Hong S. Trends, heterogeneity, and correlates of mental health and psychosocial well-being in later-life: study of 590 community-dwelling adults aged 40-104 years. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:1-10. [PMID: 35622016 PMCID: PMC9489818 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2078790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine if mental health and psychosocial well-being differed between middle-aged (MA; 40-59 years), younger-old (YO; 60-79 years), and older-old (OO; 80+ years) adults with respect to their trends, heterogeneity, and correlates. METHODS Eighteen mental health and psychosocial well-being instruments were administered to 590 adults over age 40. Cross-sectional data also included self-report-based measures of sociodemographics, cognitive functioning, physical health and activity, and body mass index. RESULTS Age trends across instruments varied in magnitude and shape, but generally supported an inverted U-shaped trend in mental health and psychosocial well-being, with small increases from MA to YO age (d = 0.29) and smaller declines from YO to OO age (d = -0.17). A U-shaped association between age and mental health heterogeneity was also observed. The strongest correlates of mental health and psychosocial well-being differed by age (MA: perceived stress; YO: successful aging; OO: compassion toward others), as did the associations of a flourishing versus languishing mental health and well-being profile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the "paradox of aging," whereby declines in physical and cognitive health co-occur with relatively preserved mental health and well-being. Our findings indicate that variance in mental and psychosocial health does not increase linearly with age and support careful consideration of heterogeneity in mental health and aging research. Our findings also suggest that mental health and psychosocial well-being decouple from stress-related dimensions in MA and become increasingly associated with positive, other-oriented emotions in OO, broadly supporting socioemotional theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N. Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Judith D. Lobo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Emily A. Troyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kathleen L. Wilson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Gavrila Ang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Amanda L. Walker
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher Pruitt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Meredith A. Pung
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Laura S. Redwine
- College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Walker AL, DeFrancesco TC, Bonagura JD, Keene BW, Meurs KM, Tou SP, Kurtz K, Aona B, Barron L, McManamey A, Robertson J, Adin DB. Association of diet with clinical outcomes in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol 2022; 40:99-109. [PMID: 33741312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs has been associated with feeding of grain-free (GF), legume-rich diets. Some dogs with presumed diet-associated DCM have shown improved myocardial function and clinical outcomes following a change in diet and standard medical therapy. HYPOTHESIS Prior GF (pGF) diet influences reverse cardiac remodeling and clinical outcomes in dogs with DCM and congestive heart failure (CHF). ANIMALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed with 67 dogs with DCM and CHF for which diet history was known. Dogs were grouped by diet into pGF and grain-inclusive (GI) groups. Dogs in the pGF group were included if diet change was a component of therapy. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS The median survival time was 344 days for pGF dogs vs. 253 days for GI dogs (P = 0.074). Statistically significant differences in median survival were identified when the analysis was limited to dogs surviving longer than one week (P = 0.033). Prior GF dogs had a significantly worse outcome the longer a GF diet was fed prior to diagnosis (P = 0.004) or if they were diagnosed at a younger age (P = 0.017). Prior GF dogs showed significantly greater improvement in normalized left ventricular internal diastolic diameter (P = 0.038) and E-point septal separation (P = 0.031) measurements and significant decreases in their furosemide (P = 0.009) and pimobendan (P < 0.005) dosages over time compared to GI dogs. CONCLUSIONS Prior GF dogs that survived at least one week after diagnosis of DCM, treatment of CHF, and diet change had better clinical outcomes and showed reverse ventricular remodeling compared to GI dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Walker
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis,1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - T C DeFrancesco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - J D Bonagura
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - B W Keene
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - K M Meurs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - S P Tou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - K Kurtz
- MedVet Chicago, 3305 N, California Ave., Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - B Aona
- MedVet Columbus, 300 E, Wilson Bridge Rd., Worthington, OH, 43085, USA
| | - L Barron
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - A McManamey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - J Robertson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - D B Adin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Tai-Seale M, Rosen R, Ruo B, Hogarth M, Longhurst CA, Lander L, Walker AL, Stults CD, Chan A, Mazor K, Garber L, Millen M. Implementation of Patient Engagement Tools in Electronic Health Records to Enhance Patient-Centered Communication: Protocol for Feasibility Evaluation and Preliminary Results. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e30431. [PMID: 34435960 PMCID: PMC8430844 DOI: 10.2196/30431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patient–physician communication during clinical encounters is essential to ensure quality of care. Many studies have attempted to improve patient–physician communication. Incorporating patient priorities into agenda setting and medical decision-making are fundamental to patient-centered communication. Efficient and scalable approaches are needed to empower patients to speak up and prepare physicians to respond. Leveraging electronic health records (EHRs) in engaging patients and health care teams has the potential to enhance the integration of patient priorities in clinical encounters. A systematic approach to eliciting and documenting patient priorities before encounters could facilitate effective communication in such encounters. Objective In this paper, we report the design and implementation of a set of EHR tools built into clinical workflows for facilitating patient–physician joint agenda setting and the documentation of patient concerns in the EHRs for ambulatory encounters. Methods We engaged health information technology leaders and users in three health care systems for developing and implementing a set of EHR tools. The goal of these tools is to standardize the elicitation of patient priorities by using a previsit “patient important issue” questionnaire distributed through the patient portal to the EHR. We built additional EHR documentation tools to facilitate patient–staff communication when the staff records the vital signs and the reason for the visit in the EHR while in the examination room, with a simple transmission method for physicians to incorporate patient concerns in EHR notes. Results The study is ongoing. The anticipated completion date for survey data collection is November 2021. A total of 34,037 primary care patients from three health systems (n=26,441; n=5136; and n=2460 separately recruited from each system) used the previsit patient important issue questionnaire in 2020. The adoption of the digital previsit questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic was much higher in one health care system because it expanded the use of the questionnaire from physicians participating in trials to all primary care providers midway through the year. It also required the use of this previsit questionnaire for eCheck-ins, which are required for telehealth encounters. Physicians and staff suggested anecdotally that this questionnaire helped patient–clinician communication, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions EHR tools have the potential to facilitate the integration of patient priorities into agenda setting and documentation in real-world primary care practices. Early results suggest the feasibility and acceptability of such digital tools in three health systems. EHR tools can support patient engagement and clinicians’ work during in-person and telehealth visits. They could potentially exert a sustained influence on patient and clinician communication behaviors in contrast to prior ad hoc educational efforts targeting patients or clinicians. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03385512; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03385512 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/30431
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tai-Seale
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca Rosen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bernice Ruo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael Hogarth
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher A Longhurst
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lina Lander
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amanda L Walker
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cheryl D Stults
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Albert Chan
- Sutter Health Center for Health Systems Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Sutter Health Clinical Leadership Team, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Mazor
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.,Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Reliant Medical Group, and Fallon Health, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lawrence Garber
- Meyers Primary Care Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Reliant Medical Group, and Fallon Health, Worcester, MA, United States.,Reliant Medical Group, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Marlene Millen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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van Laarhoven AIM, Walker AL, Wilder-Smith OH, Kroeze S, van Riel PLCM, van de Kerkhof PCM, Kraaimaat FW, Evers AWM. Role of induced negative and positive emotions in sensitivity to itch and pain in women. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:262-9. [PMID: 22404598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itch and pain are common symptoms in skin disease. It has been suggested that negative emotions may play a role in itch and pain. To date, however, the role of emotions has only been studied for pain in experimental studies, not yet for itch. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of negative and positive emotions on the sensitivity to itch and pain. METHODS Film fragments were used to induce a negative or positive emotional state in healthy women. Itch and pain were induced using the following somatosensory stimuli: electrical stimulation, histamine iontophoresis and the cold pressor test. RESULTS Results showed that the scores for itch and pain evoked by histamine and the cold pressor test, respectively, were significantly higher in the negative than in the positive emotion condition, whereas tolerance thresholds to electrical stimulation and the cold pressor test, and stimulus unpleasantness scores did not differ between the two conditions. CONCLUSIONS These findings for the first time indicate in an experimental design that emotions play a role in sensitivity to somatosensory sensations of both itch and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
We report on fixation instabilities in a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). This patient underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery bilaterally in the vicinity of the subthalamic nuclei (STN). Examination of the eye movements of this patient revealed marked fixation instability compared with a healthy age matched control. The eye movements occurring during fixation differed from other reports of fixation instabilities in that they interrupted fixation for only brief durations. These interruptive saccades (IS) had saccade-like amplitude velocity relationships. The frequency of these IS was higher in the patient with PD than in the healthy age matched control. Furthermore, the frequency of the IS in the patient reduced toward control with application of bilateral DBS in the vicinity of the STN. From our observations we conclude that fixation ability may be altered in PD and improved with DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A C Wark
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P C Garell
- Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A L Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - M A Basso
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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England A, Tam CL, Thacker DE, Walker AL, Parkinson AS, Demello W, Bradley AJ, Tuck JS, Laasch HU, Butterfield JS, Ashleigh RJ, England RE, Martin DF. Patterns, incidence and predictive factors for pain after interventional radiology. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:1188-94. [PMID: 16223615 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate prospectively the pattern, severity and predictive factors of pain after interventional radiological procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients undergoing non-arterial radiological interventional procedures were assessed using a visual-analogue scale (VAS) for pain before and at regular intervals for 24 h after their procedure. RESULTS One hundred and fifty patients (87 men, mean age 62 years, range 18-92 years) were entered into the study. Significant increases in VAS score occurred 8 h after percutaneous biliary procedures (+47.7 mm, SD 14.9 mm; p=0.001), 6 h after central venous access and gastrostomy insertion (+23.7 mm, SD 19.5 mm; p=0.001 and +28.4 mm, SD 9.7 mm; p=0.007, respectively) and 4h after oesophageal stenting (+27.8 mm, SD 20.2 mm, p=0.001). Non-significant increases in VAS pain score were observed after duodenal and colonic stenting (duodenal: +5.13 mm, SD 7.47 mm; p=0.055, colonic: +23.3 mm, SD 13.10 mm, p=0.250) at a mean of 5h (range 4-6h). Patients reported a significant reduction in pain score for nephrostomy insertion (-28.4mm, SD 7.11 mm, p=0.001). Post-procedural analgesia was required in 99 patients (69.2%), 40 (28.0%) requiring opiates. Maximum post-procedural VAS pain score was significantly higher in patients who had no pre-procedural analgesia (p=0.003). CONCLUSION Post-procedural pain is common and the pattern and severity of pain between procedures is variable. Pain control after interventional procedures is often inadequate, and improvements in pain management are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A England
- Department of Radiology, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester, UK.
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Giblin GM, Box PC, Campbell IB, Hancock AP, Roomans S, Mills GI, Molloy C, Tranter GE, Walker AL, Doctrow SR, Huffman K, Malfroy B. 6,6′-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine manganese(III) complexes: A novel series of superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1367-70. [PMID: 11378356 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel manganese(III) complexes is described based on a 6,6'-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine template. These complexes show superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. The effect of the aromatic substitution pattern on the SAR is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Giblin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, SG1 2NY, Stevenage, UK.
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Buckingham RS, Walker AL, Darville JA. Vision readiness at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. Mil Med 2000; 165:512-4. [PMID: 10920648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring that our forces are vision ready, i.e., they have the appropriate visual acuity, optical devices, and eye health to perform their mission, is essential on today's battlefield. A study was conducted at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base to determine the prevalence of vision readiness in a deploying fighter squadron. Of the 204 personnel screened, 59 wore glasses or contact lenses. Of these 59, 15 individuals (25%) were optically ready and 44 individuals (75%) were not optically ready to deploy. Optical readiness is defined as having the correct type and number of optical devices. Of the 15 individuals (25%) who were optically ready, 13 (87%) had had a professional eye examination within 12 months. Of the 44 individuals (75%) who were not optically ready, 36 (82%) had been examined within 1 year. Pearson's chi 2 test (chi 2 = 1.59, degrees of freedom = 3, significance = 0.66) indicated that there was no significant association between readiness and the date of the last examination. This study reveals that although personnel are having regular periodic professional eye examinations, optometry personnel, commanders, and deploying airmen must take a more active role in ensuring that our forces are vision ready.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Buckingham
- U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010-5422, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the organisms most commonly isolated from pleural fluid from dogs and cats with pyothorax. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 51 dogs and 47 cats. PROCEDURE Results of bacteriologic culture of pleural fluid samples obtained by means of thoracentesis were obtained from medical records. To obtain information on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms commonly isolated from dogs and cats, records of all dogs and cats examined during 1998 were reviewed, and information was obtained on identity and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of aerobic organisms isolated from samples other than urine or urinary tract samples. RESULTS Median ages of dogs and cats were 4 years. Bacteria were isolated from pleural fluid samples from 47 of 51 (92%) dogs and 45 of 47 (96%) cats. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 28 dogs and 40 cats. A mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria was isolated from 17 dogs and 20 cats. Samples from cats most often yielded a member of the nonenteric group (most commonly members of the genus Pasteurella), whereas those from dogs more often yielded a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae (most commonly E coli). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that antimicrobial agents chosen for the initial treatment of dogs and cats with pyothorax should be active against a mixture of obligate anaerobic and facultative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Walker
- Microbiology Service, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Jin NR, Lum LG, Buren EV, Lerman SP, Walker AL, June CH. Signal transduction by B and T cells early after bone marrow transplantation: B cell calcium flux responses are intact whereas lack of CD4 cells accounts for impaired T cell responses. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 16:103-9. [PMID: 7581108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that intracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) flux responses after anti-CD3 crosslinking of CD3/TCR on T cells from allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were impaired, Yamagami et al. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 1347-1351. In contrast to the earlier study, this study focuses on identifying the T cell subset(s) responsible for the defects and determining if B cell responses are defective in BMT recipients early after BMT. In 37 recipients after anti-CD3 stimulation of PBL, a mean of 25.9% responding T cells was observed. This was significantly lower than the mean of 43.6% responding T cells in PBL from 21 normals (P < 0.001). The proportion of responding T cells in PBL (T PBL) increased in the recipients with time after BMT. By 6 months after BMT, the mean percent of responding T PBL approached the normal range. On the other hand, a mean of 8.1% responding B cells in anti-IgM crosslinked PBL from 24 recipients was not different from the mean of 7.4% responding B cells in anti-IgM crosslinked PBL from 16 normals (P = 0.6). Four color flow cytometry was used to identify subpopulations of lymphocytes. Enriched B cells were tested by gating out CD3+ and CD56+ cells to confirm the results of unfractionated PBL. In 8 recipients, the mean percent responding B cells was 36.6% and was not different from 6 normals (mean = 41.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Jin
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Rubinstein D, Burton BS, Walker AL. The anatomy of the inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve in the jugular foramen. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:185-94. [PMID: 7900591 PMCID: PMC8337704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the variations of the courses of the cranial nerves and the inferior petrosal sinuses as they enter and traverse the jugular foramen. METHODS Thirty-nine cadaveric specimens containing the jugular foramen were scanned with 1-mm contiguous axial and coronal CT sections. Each specimen was dissected to evaluate the position of the cranial nerves and inferior petrosal sinus as they entered the jugular foramen. RESULTS The glossopharyngeal nerve entered the most superior, anterior, and medial aspect of the jugular foramen and descended in the anterior portion of the jugular foramen, often within a groove. The vagus and accessory nerves could not be separated by CT. They entered the jugular foramen most often anterior or anterior and inferior to the jugular spine of the temporal bone and descended in a position ranging from medial to anterior to the jugular vein. The inferior petrosal sinus most often coursed inferior to the horizontal portion of the glossopharyngeal nerve and entered the jugular system in the jugular foramen, at the exocranial opening or below the skull base. A pars nervosa and pars venosa could be identified only at the endocranial opening, where the jugular spine separated the pars nervosa containing the inferior petrosal sinus and three cranial nerves from the pars venosa containing the jugular vein. CONCLUSION Our evaluation demonstrated anatomic variation in the area of the jugular foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rubinstein
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262
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Walker BL, Beck K, Walker AL, Shemanski S. The short-term effects of a fire safety education program for the elderly. Fire Technol 1992; 28:134-162. [PMID: 10117978 DOI: 10.1007/bf01857941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The high risk of fire death and injury among elderly people is well documented. To be effective, fire safety education must reach older adults in the settings in which they reside: nursing homes and other long-term care institutions, board and care homes, and independent living facilities including the person's own home. Training must also be targeted at the people who are responsible for fire safety. In the case of the nursing home or board and care home, the responsible people are the staff and owners. In the case of the majority of older adults who live independently in their homes, it is either the individual or family members. These programs must also be comprehensive. A fire safety education curriculum was developed by a group of experts in a variety of related fields including fire safety, gerontology, health care industry, developmental disabilities, research, and instructional design. Older adults were included in each planning session. Based on that curriculum, workshops and workshop materials were developed for each of the three target populations: staff of health care facilities, staff and owners of board and care homes, and elderly people living independently in their homes. Materials included both print and audiovisuals. A pilot test of each workshop was conducted to test the short-term effects of the programs. Results indicated significant gains in knowledge for all groups and a significant improvement in positive attitudes toward fire safety for most participants. Measures of effects of the programs on intentions to change fire safety practices indicated a potential for change. Results also showed that the measured traits, knowledge of fire safety and attitudes toward fire safety, were relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Norwood
- Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds
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Berkeley C, Dodds EC, Walker AL. Some Chemical Observations on the Toxæmias of Pregnancy, with Special Reference to Hepatic Function. Proc R Soc Med 1924; 17:59-64. [PMID: 19983855 PMCID: PMC2201760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Berkeley C, Dodds EC, Walker AL. Some Chemical Observations on the Toxæmias of Pregnancy, with Special Reference to Hepatic Function. Proc R Soc Med 1924; 17:59-64. [PMID: 20908252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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