Novel guanidine derivatives targeting leukemia as selective Src/Abl dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anti-proliferative activity

A new series of benzene-sulfonamide derivatives 3a-i was designed and synthesized via the reaction of N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamides 1a-i with sulfamethazine sodium salt 2 as dual Src/Abl inhibitors. Spectral data IR, 1H-, 13C- NMR and elemental analyses were used to confirm the structures of all the newly synthesized compounds 3a-i and 4a-i. Crucially, we screened all the synthesized compounds 3a-i against NCI 60 cancer cell lines. Among all, compound 3b was the most potent, with IC50 of 0.018 μM for normoxia, and 0.001 μM for hypoxia, compared to staurosporine against HL-60 leukemia cell line. To verify the selectivity of this derivative, it was assessed against a panel of tyrosine kinase EGFR, VEGFR-2, B-raf, ERK, CK1, p38-MAPK, Src and Abl enzymes. Results revealed that compound 3b can effectively and selectively inhibit Src/Abl with IC500.25 μM and Abl inhibitory activity with IC500.08 μM, respectively, and was found to be more potent on these enzymes than other kinases that showed the following results: EGFR IC500.31 μM, VEGFR-2 IC500.68 μM, B-raf IC500.33 μM, ERK IC501.41 μM, CK1 IC500.29 μM and p38-MAPK IC500.38 μM. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis performed to compound 3b against HL-60 suggesting its antiproliferative activity through Src/Abl inhibition. Finally, molecular docking studies and physicochemical properties prediction for compounds 3b, 3c, and 3 h were carried out to investigate their biological activities and clarify their bioavailability.

Preparation, Agricultural Bioactivity Evaluation, Structure-Activity Relationships Estimation, and Molecular Docking of Some Quinazoline Compounds

Quinazoline compounds have gained significant attention in the fields of agriculture and chemistry due to their diverse activities. In this study, we focused on a series of quinazoline derivatives (4a-l). The objectives involved multiple aspects, including preparation, evaluation of their agricultural bioactivity against the maize aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), estimation of the structure-activity relationships (SAR), and conducting molecular docking analysis. The results of the agricultural bioactivities revealed that compound (4b) possesses the highest insecticidal activity, and the other compounds have good potential as insecticidal agents. We conducted the SARs and also molecular docking investigation to elucidate the binding modes and interactions of these compounds with target proteins relevant to the agricultural bioactivity. The docking results provided valuable information on the binding affinities and molecular interactions, aiding in the rationalization of the observed bioactivity trends. The enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was docked with the 12 synthetic compounds (4a-l). Among these compounds, (4b), (4i), and (4e)exhibited the highest binding affinity, with docking scores (S) of -7.96, -7.83, and -7.73 kcal/mol, respectively. They were followed by compounds (4d) (S = -7.57 kcal/mol), (4c) (S = -7.53 kcal/mol), (4g) (S = -7.34 kcal/mol), (4f) (S = -7.23 kcal/mol), (4h) (S = -7.14 kcal/mol), (4k) (S = -6.61 kcal/mol), (4j) (S = -6.57 kcal/mol), (4a) (S = -6.28 kcal/mol), and finally (4l) (S = -6.01 kcal/mol). These compounds were shown to have a variety of binding interactions within the 2ACE active site, as evidenced by protein-ligand docking configurations. This study gives evidence that those compounds have AChE-inhibitory capabilities and, hence, may be used for AChE-targeting development. Also, the findings in this study highlight the potential of these compounds as agricultural agents and provide valuable insights for the design and development of some quinazoline derivatives with enhanced bioactivity for crop protection.

Synthesis, X-ray crystallography and antimicrobial activity of 2-cyanoguanidinophenytoin

The optimized synthesis of [5-oxo-4,4-diphenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene]cyanamide, which is known as 2-cyanoguanidinophenytoin (CNG-DPH) (3), and (imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-diylidine)dicyanamide (4) has been reported in the present work. Furthermore, new Mannich bases derived from CNG-DPH were synthesized via its reaction with formaldehyde and using the corresponding amines, piperidine (base 5), and morpholine (base 6). Also, the antimicrobial activity and X-ray crystal structures for CNG-DPH and their Mannich bases were studied. The bases 3 and 6 crystallized in a monoclinic system; the crystal structure of 3 containing four molecules in the unit cell with a P21/c space group. The unit cell of 6 has eight molecules with a C2/c space group. The inter and intra hydrogen bond contacts packed and stabilized both of the structures. The morpholine ring of base 6 demonstrated a distinctive chair configuration. Mannich bases 5 and 6 showed promising antimicrobial effects. base 4 has a greater percentage for in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50) against normal cells, whereas 3 has the lowest ratio.

Utility of arylglyoxal hydrates in synthesis of 4-aroyl-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-imines and 5-aryl-2-phenyl-4H-imidazol-4-imines

Nucleophilic substitution reaction for arylglyoxal hydrates (AGs-hydrate) was studied via their reaction with some mono- and multi-nucleophilic reagents in the presence of sodium ethoxide as basic catalyst. Thus, reaction of phenylglyoxal hydrate (1a) with hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonium acetate afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxy-2-mercapto-1-phenylethanone (2) and 2-oxo-2-phenylethanimidamide (3), respectively. Heterocyclization reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-f with 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)guanidine (4) gave 4-aroyl-[1,3,5]triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-imines 5a-f. Also, a series of 5-aryl-2-phenyl-4H-imidazol-4-imines 7a-d was synthesized via one-pot multicomponent reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-d, benzonitrile (6) and ammonium acetate. Imidazole-4-imines 7a-d can be also prepared using other route via multicomponent reaction of AGs-hydrate 1a-d, benzenecarboximidamide acetate (8) and ammonium acetate.

Novel chalcone/aryl carboximidamide hybrids as potent anti-inflammatory via inhibition of prostaglandin E2 and inducible NO synthase activities: design, synthesis, molecular docking studies and ADMET prediction

Two series of chalcone/aryl carboximidamide hybrids 4a-f and 6a-f were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against iNOS and PGE2. The most potent derivatives were further checked for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity utilising carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. Compounds 4c, 4d, 6c and 6d were proved to be the most effective inhibitors of PGE2, LPS-induced NO production, iNOS activity. Moreover, 4c, 4d, 6c and 6d showed significant oedema inhibition ranging from 62.21% to 78.51%, compared to indomethacin (56.27 ± 2.14%) and celecoxib (12.32%). Additionally, 4c, 6a and 6e displayed good COX2 inhibitory activity while 4c, 6a and 6c exhibited the highest 5LOX inhibitory activity. Compounds 4c, 4d, 6c and 6d fit nicely into the pocket of iNOS protein (PDB ID: 1r35) via the important amino acid residues. Prediction of physicochemical parameters exhibited that 4c, 4d, 6c and 6d had acceptable physicochemical parameters and drug-likeness. The results indicated that chalcone/aryl carboximidamides 4c, 4d, 6c and 6d, in particular 4d and 6d, could be used as promising lead candidates as potent anti-inflammatory agents.

Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-chalcone/oxime hybrids as potential antibacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, ADMET prediction and molecular docking study

New antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to tackle the rapid rise in multi-drug resistant bacteria. DNA gyrase is a validated target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Thus, in the present investigation, a novel series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-chalcone/oxime (6a-f) and (7a-f) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR (¹H and ¹³C) and elemental analyses. The title compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity by the modified agar diffusion method as well as their E. coli DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the structure activity relationships (SARs) were evaluated. Among all, compounds 6a, 6c-e, 7b and 7e were the most potent and proved to possess broad spectrum activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Additionally, compounds 6a (against S. aureus), 6c (against B. subtilis and E. hirae), 6e (against E. hirae), 6f, 7a and 7c (against E. coli) and 7d (against B. subtilis), with MIC value of 3.12 μM were two-fold more potent than the standard ciprofloxacin (MIC = 6.25 μM). Mechanistically, compounds 6c, 7c, 7e and 7b had good inhibitory activity against E. coli gyrase with IC₅₀ values of 17.05, 13.4, 16.9, and 19.6 µM, respectively, in comparison with novobiocin (IC₅₀ = 12.3 µM) and ciprofloxacin (IC₅₀ = 10.5 µM). The molecular docking results at DNA gyrase active site revealed that the most potent compounds 6c and 7c have binding mode and docking scores comparable to that of ciprofloxacin and novobiocin suggesting their antibacterial activity via inhibition of DNA gyrase. Finally, the predicted parameters of Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET analysis showed that 6c and 7c had good drug-likeness and acceptable physicochemical properties. Therefore, the hybridization of the chalcone and oxadiazole moieties could be promising lead as antibacterial candidate which merit further future structural optimizations.

Design, synthesis and molecular modeling of novel aryl carboximidamides and 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles derived from indomethacin as potent anti-inflammatory iNOS/PGE2 inhibitors

The development of NSAIDs/iNOS inhibitor hybrids is a new strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases by suppression of the overproduction of PGE₂ and NO. A novel series of aryl carboximidamides 4a-g and their cyclized 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 5a-g counterparts derived from indomethacin 1 were synthesized. Most of the target compounds displayed lower LPS-induced NO production IC₅₀ in RAW 264.7 cells and potent in vitro iNOS and PGE2 inhibitory activity than indomethacin. Moreover, in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method, most of them exhibited higher in vivo anti-inflammatory activity than the reference drug indomethacin. Notably, 4 hrs after carrageenan injection, compound 4a proved to be the most potent anti-inflammatory agent in this study, with almost two- and eight-fold more active than the reference drugs indomethacin (1) and celecoxib, respectively. Compound 4a proved to be inhibitor to LPS-induced NO production, iNOS activity and PGE2 with IC₅₀ of 10.70 μM, 2.31 μM, and 29 nM; respectively. Compounds 4a and 5b possessed the lowest ulcerogenic liabilities (35% and 38%, respectively) compared to 1. Histopathological analysis revealed that compounds 4a and 5b demonstrated reduced degeneration and healing of ulcers. Molecular docking studies into the catalytic binding pocket of the iNOS protein receptor (PDB ID: 1r35) showed good correlation with the obtained biological results. Parameters of Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET analysis were calculated where compound 4a had reasonable drug-likeness with acceptable physicochemical properties so it could be used as promising orally absorbed anti-inflammatory therapy and entitled to be used as future template for further investigations.

Facile synthesis and assessment of 2-alkoxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-arylnicotinonitrile derivatives as new inhibitors for C1018-steel corrosion in HCl: A combined theoretical and experiential investigations.. [DOI: 10.3762/bxiv.2019.147.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0]

An effective and accessible synthesis of alkoxy arylnicotinonitriles was achieved via a four-component reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, acetophenones, malononitrile in the presence of RONa. The synthesized alkoxy arylnicotinonitrile derivatives containing pyridine moiety were predestined as inhibitors for C1018-steel (CS) corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using potentiodynamic-polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. PDP plots were demonstrated that the arylnicotinonitriles behave as typical inhibitors of the mixed-type. They have also suppressed the CS corrosion at lower [inhibitor] and accomplished an inhibition capacity ranged from 87.6 to 98.2% in 0.7 mM. Their adsorption on the CS interface follows the isotherm model of Langmuir and they include both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms, with a preference of chemisorption. The morphology of the CS surface was examined utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Moreover, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations confirm the empirical findings and the adsorption of arylnicotinonitrile derivatives on the CS interface.

Novel aryl carboximidamide and 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole analogues of naproxen as dual selective COX-2/15-LOX inhibitors: Design, synthesis and docking studies

A series of novel naproxen analogues containing 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles moiety (4b-g) and their reaction intermediates aryl carboximidamides moiety (3b-g) was synthesized and evaluated in vitro as dual COXs/15-LOX inhibitors. Compounds 3b-g exhibited superior inhibitory activity than celecoxib as COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 3b-d and 3g were the most potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 6.4 - 8.13 nM and higher selectivity indexes (3b, SI = 26.19; 3c, SI = 13.73; 3d, SI = 29.27; 3g, SI = 18.00) comparing to celecoxib (IC50 = 42.60 nM, SI = 8.05). Regarding 15-LOX inhibitory activity, compounds belonging to aryl carboximidamide backbone 3b-e and 3g were the most potent with IC50 range of 1.77-4.91 nM comparing to meclofenamate sodium (IC50 = 5.64 µM). Data revealed that The levels of NO released by aryl carboximidamides 3b-g were more higher than 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives 4b-g, which correlated well with their COX-2 inhibitory activities.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some S-beta-D-glucosides of 4-mercaptopyrimidine

5-Acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylmercapto)pyramidines 3a-c were obtained by the reaction of 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-pyrimidine thiol 1a-c with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (2) in aq. KOH/acetone. The reaction of 1a-c with peracetylated galactose 5 and peracetylated ribose 8 under MW irradiation gave 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosylmercapto)pyrimidine 6a-c and 5-acetyl-2-aryl-6-methyl-4-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosylmercapto)pyrimidines 9a-c. The deprotection of 3a-c, 6a-c, and 9a-c in the presence of methanol and TEA/H(2)O yielded the deprotected products 4a-c, 7a-c, and 10a-c. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by using IR, (1)H, (13)C spectra and microanalysis. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some glucosyl- and ribosyl-pyridazin-3-ones

Reaction of 5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one 1a,b with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bromide 2 in K(2)CO(3)/acetone gave 5,6-diphenyl-N(2)-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)pyridazin-3-one 5a,b. The same nucleosides 5a,b were obtained by reaction of 1a,b with peracetylated glucose 3 under MW irradiation. Mercuration of 1a,b followed by reaction with glucosyl bromide 2 gave the same nucleosides 5a,b. The riboside 4-cyano-5,6-diphenyl-N(2)-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyridazin-3-one 8 was obtained by reaction of 4-cyanopyridazinone 1b with peracetylated ribose 7 under MW irradiation. The deprotected nucleosides 6a,b and 9 were obtained by stirring of 5a,b and 8 in methanol and TEA/H(2)O. The structure was confirmed using (1)H and (13)C-NMR spectra. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antibacterial activity.

Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of some pyrimidine glycosides

Reaction of ethyl 4-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate derivatives 1a,b and ethyl 4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1c with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl bromide in KOH or TEA afforded ethyl 2-aryl-4-(2',3',4',6'-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylthio or/ oxy)-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate 6a-c. The glucosides 6a and 6b were obtained by the reaction of 1a and 1b with peracetylated glucose3 under MW irradiation. Mercuration of 1a followed by reaction with acetobromoglucose gave the same product 6a. The reaction of 1a-c with peracetylated ribose 4 under MW irradiation gave ethyl 2-aryl-4-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosylthio)-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylate 8a-c. The deprotection of 6a-c and 8a-c in the presence of methanol and TEA/H(2)O afforded the deprotected products 7a-c and 9a-c. The structure were confirmed by using (1)H and (13)CNMR spectra. Selected members of these compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Double-headed acyclo C-nucleoside analogues. Functionalized 1,2-bis-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethane-1,2-diol

Reaction of L-tartaric acid with thiocarbohydcrazide afforded (1R, 2S)-1,2-bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-ethane-1,2-diol (3). The functional groups in 3 allowed the construction of fused heterocycles on the 1,2,4-triazole rings, mainly of the 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine type as in 4, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole type as in 14.