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Fonseca-Salazar MA, Díaz-Avalos C, Rochin-García H, Espinosa-García AC, Mazari-Hiriart M. Risk transfer from a megacity to a peri-urban agricultural community: wastewater reuse and effects on groundwater quality. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:741. [PMID: 34674049 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater is a resource that can be reused, but its management must be carefully executed, considering its potential impact on public and environmental health. Unfortunately, marked differences in the quality of treatment, management, collection, and the monitoring of wastewater exist among low-, middle-, and high-income countries. This is the case of the Mezquital Valley, a semi-rural area that is composed of agricultural and industrial communities on the outskirts of Mexico City. For over 100 years, wastewater from Mexico City and its areas of conurbation has been sent to the Mezquital Valley, with few studies having been conducted to assess the existence and severity of bacterial and pathogen infiltration into the local aquifer. In this research, we present an assessment of wastewater infiltration transported from Mexico City, used for irrigation, with potential infiltration into the Mezquital Valley aquifer. We utilized stable isotope analysis of deuterium and oxygen-18 to determine whether a mixture of untreated wastewater from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) flows into the Mezquital aquifer. Also, tests for adenovirus, rotavirus, fecal coliform, fecal enterococci, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum were employed to determine the presence of fecal indicators and pathogens in different water sources in the study area. The results show the presence of indicators and pathogens in local wells used as water supply in Mezquital Valley. The presence of such indicators suggests that pathogens can reach the water consumed by the inhabitants, posing a hazard to persons exposed to these waters during their normal daily-life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Díaz-Avalos
- Departamento de Probabilidad Y Estadística, Instituto de Invsetigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Hermes Rochin-García
- Posgrado en Ciencias de La Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de La Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisa Mazari-Hiriart
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de La Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mateus-Anzola J, Martínez-López B, Espinosa-García AC, Ojeda-Flores R. Global subtype diversity, spatial distribution patterns, and phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza virus in water. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e344-e355. [PMID: 34464033 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for zoonotic infectious disease surveillance. Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to animal and public health due to its pandemic potential. Virus-contaminated water has been suggested as an important AIV spread mechanism among multiple species. Nevertheless, few studies have characterized the global AIV subtype diversity and distribution in environmental water. Therefore, this study aims to provide an updated descriptive and phylogenetic analysis of AIVs isolated in water samples from high risk-sites for influenza outbreaks (i.e. live bird markets, poultry farms, and wild bird habitats) on a global scale. The descriptive analysis evidenced that 21 subtypes were reported from nine countries between 2003 and 2020. Fourteen AIV subtypes were solely reported from Asian countries. Most of the viral sequences were obtained in China and Bangladesh with 47.44% and 23.93%, respectively. Likewise, the greatest global AIV subtype diversity was observed in China with 12 subtypes. Live bird markets represented the main sampling site for AIV detection in water samples (64.1%), mostly from poultry cage water. Nevertheless, the highest subtype diversity was observed in water samples from wild bird habitats, especially from the Izumi plain and the Dongting Lake located in Japan and China, respectively. Water from drinking poultry troughs evidenced the greatest subtype diversity in live bird markets; meanwhile, environmental water used by ducks had the highest number of different subtypes in poultry farms. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed that some sequences were closely related among different poultry/wild bird-related environments from different geographic origins. Therefore, the results suggest that even though the availability of gene sequences in public-access databases varies greatly among countries, environmental AIV surveillance represents a useful tool to elucidate potential viral diversity in wild and domestic bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mateus-Anzola
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Martínez-López
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Ojeda-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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3
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Alamo-Hernández U, Espinosa-García AC, Rangel-Flores H, Farías P, Hernández-Bonilla D, Cortez-Lugo M, Díaz-Barriga F, Flores N, Rodríguez-Dozal S, Riojas-Rodríguez H. Environmental Health Promotion of a Contaminated Site in Mexico. Ecohealth 2019; 16:317-329. [PMID: 30953243 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Entangled in complex ecological, sociocultural, and economic systems, current environmental health problems require integrated participatory approaches. Alpuyeca, a semi-urban, highly marginalized community in South-Central Mexico burdened by lead and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination, dengue fever, and intestinal diseases, illustrates this. Its residents are distinctive, however, for their concerted actions in the face of environmental problems and the presence of defenders of a prehispanic worldview based on the protection of nature. This article addresses the health impacts of an integrated environmental health promotion strategy implemented through a participatory action research intervention based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Different actors, sectors, dimensions, and knowledge types were harmonized in a collaborative space created specifically for our interdisciplinary research team, community residents and local authorities. Reflections, plans and actions were developed collectively in this space with the view of finding solutions anchored in the local culture. Results included sharp reductions in blood-lead concentrations among children, in entomological indices, and in PCB contamination, as well as capacity strengthening. Medium-level community participation was achieved. This work contributes evidence that participatory environmental health research can be effective in analyzing and reducing problems in communities with multiple environmental health concerns. It complements ecohealth and environmental health literacy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urinda Alamo-Hernández
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa-García
- Institute of Ecology, National Laboratory of Sciences of the Sustainability, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tercer Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, Coyoacán, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Hilda Rangel-Flores
- Center of Investigation on Infectious Diseases (CISEI), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Paulina Farías
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-Bonilla
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Marlene Cortez-Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz-Barriga
- Department of Environmental Toxicology - Medical School, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405. Col. De los filtros, CP. 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nelly Flores
- Public Health School, National Insitute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Dozal
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico
| | - Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez
- Department of Environmental Health, Center of Investigation in Population Health (CISP), National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Av. Universidad 655. Col. Sta. Ma. Ahucatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Arias M, Riojas-Rodríguez H, Catalán-Vázquez M, Terrazas-Meraz MA, Rosas I, Espinosa-García AC, Santos-Luna R, Siebe C. Socio-environmental assessment of a landfill using a mixed study design: A case study from México. Waste Manag 2019; 85:42-59. [PMID: 30803597 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste management is a challenge for local authorities since mismanagement leads to environmental damage and social discontent. The objective of this study was to assess in an integrated manner the socio-environmental situation of a municipal landfill from México, using a design of mixed methods, which considered a quantitative evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological variables measured in leachates, surface and groundwater samples, soil and air, and a qualitative evaluation by in-depth interviews with the near-by inhabitants about their perception of the impacts of the landfill. The results show that leachates polluted the soil and surface water in a radius of up to 500 m from the landfill, but did not reach the groundwater, while the mean concentrations of PM10, Mn, and Ni measured in air samples at the landfill of 146 µg m-3, 0.12 µg m-3, 0.10 µg m-3, respectively, in the dry season and of Mn and Ni of 0.13 µg m-3 and 0.11 µg m-3, respectively, in the rainy season, surpassed permissible limits. From the residents perspective the landfill pollutes soil, water and air and it contributes to vehicle traffic and noise, promotes harmful fauna and disturbs the esthetic view. Air measurements coincide with social perception and in general, the applied mixed study design helped to assess in an integrated manner the socio-environmental concerns and to give advice to improve the current management of the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sánchez-Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP. 62100. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - H Riojas-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP. 62100. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - M Catalán-Vázquez
- Departamento de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calz. Tlalpan No. 4502, CP. 14080. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M A Terrazas-Meraz
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, CP. 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - I Rosas
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, CP. 04510. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A C Espinosa-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, CP. 04510. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Santos-Luna
- Subdirección de Geografía Médica y Geomática, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, CP. 62100. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - C Siebe
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad No. 3000, CP. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Espinosa-García AC, Díaz-Ávalos C, Solano-Ortiz R, Tapia-Palacios MA, Vázquez-Salvador N, Espinosa-García S, Sarmiento-Silva RE, Mazari-Hiriart M. Removal of bacteria, protozoa and viruses through a multiple-barrier household water disinfection system. J Water Health 2014; 12:94-104. [PMID: 24642436 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2013.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal water disinfection systems in some areas are not always able to meet water consumer needs, such as ensuring distributed water quality, because household water management can be a contributing factor in water re-contamination. This fact is related to the storage options that are common in places where water is scarce or is distributed over limited time periods. The aim of this study is to assess the removal capacity of a multiple-barrier water disinfection device for protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. Water samples were taken from households in Mexico City and spiked with a known amount of protozoa (Giardia cyst, Cryptosporidium oocyst), bacteria (Escherichia coli), and viruses (rotavirus, adenovirus, F-specific ribonucleic acid (FRNA) coliphage). Each inoculated sample was processed through a multiple-barrier device. The efficiency of the multiple-barrier device to remove E. coli was close to 100%, and more than 87% of Cryptosporidium oocysts and more than 98% of Giardia cysts were removed. Close to 100% of coliphages were removed, 99.6% of the adenovirus was removed, and the rotavirus was almost totally removed. An effect of site by zone was detected; this observation is important because the water characteristics could indicate the efficiency of the multiple-barrier disinfection device.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - C Díaz-Ávalos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas y Sistemas, UNAM, Circuito Escolar Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R Solano-Ortiz
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M A Tapia-Palacios
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - N Vázquez-Salvador
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - S Espinosa-García
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - R E Sarmiento-Silva
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México
| | - M Mazari-Hiriart
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Distrito Federal, México E-mail:
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