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Mavropoulos A, Johnson C, Lu V, Nieto J, Schneider EC, Saini K, Phelan ML, Hsie LX, Wang MJ, Cruz J, Mei J, Kim JJ, Lian Z, Li N, Boutet SC, Wong-Thai AY, Yu W, Lu QY, Kim T, Geng Y, Masaeli MM, Lee TD, Rao J. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Morphology-Based Enrichment of Malignant Cells from Body Fluid. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100195. [PMID: 37100228 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphology is a fundamental feature used to evaluate patient specimens in pathologic analysis. However, traditional cytopathology analysis of patient effusion samples is limited by low tumor cell abundance coupled with the high background of nonmalignant cells, restricting the ability of downstream molecular and functional analyses to identify actionable therapeutic targets. We applied the Deepcell platform that combines microfluidic sorting, brightfield imaging, and real-time deep learning interpretations based on multidimensional morphology to enrich carcinoma cells from malignant effusions without cell staining or labels. Carcinoma cell enrichment was validated with whole genome sequencing and targeted mutation analysis, which showed a higher sensitivity for detection of tumor fractions and critical somatic variant mutations that were initially at low levels or undetectable in presort patient samples. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and added value of supplementing traditional morphology-based cytology with deep learning, multidimensional morphology analysis, and microfluidic sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vivian Lu
- Deepcell, Inc, Menlo Park, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Teresa Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Yipeng Geng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Thomas D Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.
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Peran I, Dakshanamurthy S, McCoy MD, Mavropoulos A, Allo B, Sebastian A, Hum NR, Sprague SC, Martin KA, Pishvaian MJ, Vietsch EE, Wellstein A, Atkins MB, Weiner LM, Quong AA, Loots GG, Yoo SS, Assefnia S, Byers SW. Cadherin 11 Promotes Immunosuppression and Extracellular Matrix Deposition to Support Growth of Pancreatic Tumors and Resistance to Gemcitabine in Mice. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1359-1372.e13. [PMID: 33307028 PMCID: PMC7956114 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) are characterized by fibrosis and an abundance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We investigated strategies to disrupt interactions among CAFs, the immune system, and cancer cells, focusing on adhesion molecule CDH11, which has been associated with other fibrotic disorders and is expressed by activated fibroblasts. METHODS We compared levels of CDH11 messenger RNA in human pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissues and cells with normal pancreas, and measured levels of CDH11 protein in human and mouse pancreatic lesions and normal tissues. We crossed p48-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+ (KPC) mice with CDH11-knockout mice and measured survival times of offspring. Pancreata were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and (single-cell) RNA sequencing; RNA and proteins were identified by imaging mass cytometry. Some mice were given injections of PD1 antibody or gemcitabine and survival was monitored. Pancreatic cancer cells from KPC mice were subcutaneously injected into Cdh11+/+ and Cdh11-/- mice and tumor growth was monitored. Pancreatic cancer cells (mT3) from KPC mice (C57BL/6), were subcutaneously injected into Cdh11+/+ (C57BL/6J) mice and mice were given injections of antibody against CDH11, gemcitabine, or small molecule inhibitor of CDH11 (SD133) and tumor growth was monitored. RESULTS Levels of CDH11 messenger RNA and protein were significantly higher in CAFs than in pancreatic cancer epithelial cells, human or mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines, or immune cells. KPC/Cdh11+/- and KPC/Cdh11-/- mice survived significantly longer than KPC/Cdh11+/+ mice. Markers of stromal activation entirely surrounded pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias in KPC/Cdh11+/+ mice and incompletely in KPC/Cdh11+/- and KPC/Cdh11-/- mice, whose lesions also contained fewer FOXP3+ cells in the tumor center. Compared with pancreatic tumors in KPC/Cdh11+/+ mice, tumors of KPC/Cdh11+/- mice had increased markers of antigen processing and presentation; more lymphocytes and associated cytokines; decreased extracellular matrix components; and reductions in markers and cytokines associated with immunosuppression. Administration of the PD1 antibody did not prolong survival of KPC mice with 0, 1, or 2 alleles of Cdh11. Gemcitabine extended survival of KPC/Cdh11+/- and KPC/Cdh11-/- mice only or reduced subcutaneous tumor growth in mT3 engrafted Cdh11+/+ mice when given in combination with the CDH11 antibody. A small molecule inhibitor of CDH11 reduced growth of pre-established mT3 subcutaneous tumors only if T and B cells were present in mice. CONCLUSIONS Knockout or inhibition of CDH11, which is expressed by CAFs in the pancreatic tumor stroma, reduces growth of pancreatic tumors, increases their response to gemcitabine, and significantly extends survival of mice. CDH11 promotes immunosuppression and extracellular matrix deposition, and might be developed as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Peran
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew D. McCoy
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA,Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA,School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Sara C. Sprague
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelly A. Martin
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pishvaian
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eveline E. Vietsch
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael B. Atkins
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiner
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA,School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Shahin Assefnia
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Mavropoulos A, Tsiogkas S, Skyvalidas D, Liaskos C, Roussaki-Schulze A, Zafiriou E, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. SAT0363 DELPHINIDIN DOSE-DEPENDENTLY DIMINISHES PERIPHERAL IL-17 AND IFN-Γ PRODUCING LYMPHOCYTES IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin and powerful anti-oxidant from pigmented fruits and vegetables, has broad anti-inflammatory properties. In a human skin model of psoriasis, delphinidin reduced expression of proliferative and inflammatory markers (1).Objectives:The rationale of our study was to assess whether delphinidin can in vitro suppress IL-17 and IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods:PBMCs were obtained from 24 patients with PsA attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Rheumatology/clinical Immunology at the University General Hospital of Larissa, Greece. 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were also included in the study. Delphinidin was supplemented at a concentration ranging from 1 to 50μg/ml, one hour prior to cell stimulation. Cell viability (Annexin V staining) and innate/adaptive lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry with a panel of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD56, CD3, CD4 and CD8. Intracellular expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ was measured following PMA/ionomycin stimulation for 5 hours using standard cell permeabilization protocols and monoclonal antibodies against IL-17 and IFN-γResults:Delphinidin at concentration ≥10 μg/ml sharply diminished IL-17-production by CD4(+) T cells (Th17) and CD56(+)CD3(+) (NKT) cells from patients with psoriatic arthritis and normal controls (p≤0.05). IFN-γ producing T (CD4 and CD8) cells, as well as NK and NKT cells were also dose-dependently suppressed following delphinidin pre-incubation in both patients and healthy controls. Inhibition of IFN-γ(+) cells ranged from 27 to 69% and peaked at delphinidin concentration 20-50μg/ml. The inhibitory effect of delphinidin on IL-17 and IFN-γ producing lymphocytes was not due to compromised cell viability, as assessed by annexin V binding.Conclusion:Delphinidin exerts, in a dose-dependent manner, a profound in vitro inhibitory effect on T cell and NKT cell IL-17 and IFN-γ production in PsA, and therefore, it may be used as a dietary immunosuppressant, complementary to standard treatment.References:[1]Chamcheu JC Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2015;28(4):177-88. doi: 10.1159/000368445Disclosure of Interests:ATHANASIOS MAVROPOULOS: None declared, Sotirios Tsiogkas: None declared, Dimitrios Skyvalidas: None declared, Christos Liaskos: None declared, Aggeliki Roussaki-Schulze Grant/research support from: Received a grant to support the educational and research activities of the department from Genesis Pharma (2018), Speakers bureau: Received honoraria from Genesis Pharma and Janssen(2017) and from Roche and Pharmaserve Lilly(2018), Efterpi Zafiriou Speakers bureau: Received honoraria from Genesis Pharma, Abbvie, Novartis, Roche, Jansses(2017) and Novartis, Abbvie(2018), Dimitrios Bogdanos: None declared, Lazaros Sakkas Grant/research support from: Received a grant to support the educational and research activities of the department from Bristol-Meyers Squib, Speakers bureau: Received honoraria from Actellion(2018), Janssen(2017), Novartis(2017), Sanofi-Aventis(2018), Abbvie(2017) and Roche(2017)
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Mavropoulos A, Allo B, He M, Park E, Majonis D, Ornatsky O. Simultaneous Detection of Protein and mRNA in Jurkat and KG-1a Cells by Mass Cytometry. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1200-1208. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingxiao He
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc.; Newark California
| | - Emily Park
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc.; Newark California
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Mavropoulos A, Liaskos C, Simopoulou T, Varna A, Katsiari C, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. AB0163 No Association between The Percentage of Memory or Transitional B Regs and Disease-Related Autoantibodies in Systemic Sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mavropoulos A, Varna A, Alexiou I, Liaskos C, Zafiriou E, Vlychou M, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. AB0019 IL-10-Producing Bregs Are Decreased in Psoriatic Arthritis and Inversely Correlate with Th17 Cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liaskos C, Rentouli S, Simopoulou T, Mavropoulos A, Norman G, Alexiou I, Katsiari C, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. AB0613 Anti-C1q Autoantibodies Are Frequently Detected in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Lung Fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mavropoulos A, Majonis D, He M, Park E, Ornatsky O. Development of a metal-based detection method for simultaneous protein and gene expression analysis in single cells by mass cytometry. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.69.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Fluidigm® CyTOF system is a mass cytometer that uniquely enables high-dimensional single-cell analysis of complex populations. Mass cytometry is based on inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry used for multiplex proteomic analysis. In this approach, metal-conjugated affinity reagents are used to tag the components of cells. The cells are nebulized and sent to an argon plasma, ionizing the multi-atom metal tags, which are then analyzed by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
Gene expression can be finely tuned through the synthesis of RNA and through the control of its stability and location. Misregulation of gene expression can have severe consequences, such as developmental disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. The ability to acquire complete spatial-temporal profiles of gene expression is therefore critical for the understanding of disease pathophysiology, medical diagnostics and drug discovery.
In this presentation, we discuss the development of a multiplex method for targeted RNA detection using the Fluidigm CyTOF® and Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope® platforms. This novel assay includes the hybridization of RNA-specific target probes, followed by signal amplification and ending with the binding of amplifier-specific metal-labelled probes. Presently, we are able to detect four different mRNA probes in a single-cell analysis setting. The detection of RNA is compatible with Fluidigm products such as Maxpar® antibodies. Future developments will include high-dimensional detection that enables researchers to investigate the simultaneous expression profile of RNA and protein across millions of cells.
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Khan IS, Park CY, Mavropoulos A, Shariat N, Pollack JL, Barczak AJ, Erle DJ, McManus MT, Anderson MS, Jeker LT. Identification of MiR-205 As a MicroRNA That Is Highly Expressed in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135440. [PMID: 26270036 PMCID: PMC4535774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) support T cell development in the thymus. Cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) facilitate positive selection of developing thymocytes whereas medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) facilitate the deletion of self-reactive thymocytes in order to prevent autoimmunity. The mTEC compartment is highly dynamic with continuous maturation and turnover, but the genetic regulation of these processes remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of TEC genetic programs since miRNA-deficient TECs are severely defective. However, the individual miRNAs important for TEC maintenance and function and their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR-205 is highly and preferentially expressed in mTECs during both thymic ontogeny and in the postnatal thymus. This distinct expression is suggestive of functional importance for TEC biology. Genetic ablation of miR-205 in TECs, however, neither revealed a role for miR-205 in TEC function during homeostatic conditions nor during recovery from thymic stress conditions. Thus, despite its distinct expression, miR-205 on its own is largely dispensable for mTEC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran S. Khan
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chong Y. Park
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Mavropoulos
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikki Shariat
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua L. Pollack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Barczak
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. McManus
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSA); (LTJ)
| | - Lukas T. Jeker
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSA); (LTJ)
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Mavropoulos A, Varna A, Alexiou I, Kolokotsa N, Zafeiriou E, Vlychou M, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. FRI0012 IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cell Deficiency is a Feature of Psoriatic Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, Liaskos C, Katsiari C, Bogdanos D, Sakkas L. FRI0011 IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells are Decreased in Systemic Sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chamberlain CE, Scheel DW, McGlynn K, Kim H, Miyatsuka T, Wang J, Nguyen V, Zhao S, Mavropoulos A, Abraham AG, O’Neill E, Ku GM, Cobb MH, Martin GR, German MS. Menin determines K-RAS proliferative outputs in endocrine cells. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4093-101. [PMID: 25133424 PMCID: PMC4153699 DOI: 10.1172/jci69004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine cell proliferation fluctuates dramatically in response to signals that communicate hormone demand. The genetic alterations that override these controls in endocrine tumors often are not associated with oncogenes common to other tumor types, suggesting that unique pathways govern endocrine proliferation. Within the pancreas, for example, activating mutations of the prototypical oncogene KRAS drive proliferation in all pancreatic ductal adenocarcimomas but are never found in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Therefore, we asked how cellular context impacts K-RAS signaling. We found that K-RAS paradoxically suppressed, rather than promoted, growth in pancreatic endocrine cells. Inhibition of proliferation by K-RAS depended on antiproliferative RAS effector RASSF1A and blockade of the RAS-activated proproliferative RAF/MAPK pathway by tumor suppressor menin. Consistent with this model, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonist, which stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation, did not affect endocrine cell proliferation by itself, but synergistically enhanced proliferation when combined with a menin inhibitor. In contrast, inhibition of MAPK signaling created a synthetic lethal interaction in the setting of menin loss. These insights suggest potential strategies both for regenerating pancreatic β cells for people with diabetes and for targeting menin-sensitive endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester E. Chamberlain
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David W. Scheel
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen McGlynn
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hail Kim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juehu Wang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anastasia Mavropoulos
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aswin G. Abraham
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregory M. Ku
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gail R. Martin
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael S. German
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Diabetes Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Surgery and Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Farmer DT, Shariat N, Park CY, Liu HJ, Mavropoulos A, McManus MT. Partially penetrant postnatal lethality of an epithelial specific MicroRNA in a mouse knockout. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76634. [PMID: 24116130 PMCID: PMC3792019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs thought to have pivotal roles in numerous diseases and developmental processes. However, a growing body of literature indicates that in vivo elimination of these tiny RNAs usually has little to no observable consequence, suggesting functional redundancy with other microRNAs or cellular pathways. We provide an in-depth analysis of miR-205 expression and define miR-205 as an epithelial-specific microRNA, and for the first time show that ablation of this microRNA knockout exhibits partially penetrant lethality in a constitutive mouse knockout model. Given the role of this microRNA in cancer and development, this mouse model will be an incredible reagent to study the function and mechanisms of miR-205 in epithelial tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D’Juan T. Farmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nikki Shariat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chong Yon Park
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Huey Jiin Liu
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Mavropoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael T. McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Clark A, Camann W, Mavropoulos A. Epidural analgesia in a parturient with lumbar tinea versicolor. Int J Obstet Anesth 2013; 22:265-6. [PMID: 23711761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Quiroz Y, Lopez M, Mavropoulos A, Motte P, Martial JA, Hammerschmidt M, Muller M. The HMG-box transcription factor Sox4b is required for pituitary expression of gata2a and specification of thyrotrope and gonadotrope cells in zebrafish. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1014-27. [PMID: 22543271 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary is a complex gland comprising different cell types each secreting specific hormones. The extensive network of signaling molecules and transcription factors required for determination and terminal differentiation of specific cell types is still not fully understood. The SRY-like HMG-box (SOX) transcription factor Sox4 plays important roles in many developmental processes and has two homologs in zebrafish, Sox4a and Sox4b. We show that the sox4b gene is expressed in the pituitary anlagen starting at 24 h after fertilization (hpf) and later in the entire head region including the pituitary. At 48 hpf, sox4b mRNA colocalizes with that for TSH (tshβ), glycoprotein subunit α (gsuα), and the Zn finger transcription factor Gata2a. Loss of Sox4b function, using morpholino knockdown or expression of a dominant-negative Sox4 mutant, leads to a drastic decrease in tshβ and gsuα expression and reduced levels of gh, whereas other anterior pituitary gland markers including prl, slβ, pomc, and lim3 are not affected. Sox4b is also required for expression of gata2a in the pituitary. Knockdown of gata2a leads to decreased tshβ and gsuα expression at 48 hpf, similar to sox4b morphants. Injection of gata2a mRNA into sox4b morphants rescued tshβ and gsuα expression in thyrotrope cells. Finally, sox4b or gata2a knockdown causes a significant decrease of gonadotropin expression (lhβ and fshβ) at 4 d after fertilization. In summary, our results indicate that Sox4b is expressed in zebrafish during pituitary development and plays a crucial role in the differentiation of thyrotrope and gonadotrope cells through induction of gata2a expression in the developing pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yobhana Quiroz
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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Moustakas K, Mavropoulos A, Katsou E, Haralambous KJ, Loizidou M. Leaching properties of slag generated by a gasification/vitrification unit: the role of pH, particle size, contact time and cooling method used. J Hazard Mater 2012; 207-208:44-50. [PMID: 21983167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact from the operation of thermal waste treatment facilities mainly originates from the air emissions, as well as the generated solid residues. The objective of this paper is to examine the slag residue generated by a demonstration plasma gasification/vitrification unit and investigate the composition, the leaching properties of the slag under different conditions, as well as the role of the cooling method used. The influence of pH, particle size and contact time on the leachability of heavy metals are discussed. The main outcome is that the vitrified slag is characterized as inert and stable and can be safely disposed at landfills or used in the construction sector. Finally, the water-cooled slag showed better resistance in relation to heavy metal leachability compared to the air-cooled slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moustakas
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Unit of Environmental Science & Technology, 9, Heroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, P.C. 15773, Athens, Greece.
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Kalousova A, Mavropoulos A, Adams BA, Nekrep N, Li Z, Krauss S, Stainier DY, German MS. Dachshund homologues play a conserved role in islet cell development. Dev Biol 2010; 348:143-52. [PMID: 20869363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All metazoans use insulin to control energy metabolism, but they secrete it from different cells: neurons in the central nervous system in invertebrates and endocrine cells in the gut or pancreas in vertebrates. Despite their origins in different germ layers, all of these insulin-producing cells share common functional features and gene expression patterns. In this study, we tested the role in insulin-producing cells of the vertebrate homologues of Dachshund, a transcriptional regulator that marks the earliest committed progenitors of the neural insulin-producing cells in Drosophila. Both zebrafish and mice expressed a single dominant Dachshund homologue in the pancreatic endocrine lineage, and in both species loss of this homologue reduced the numbers of all islet cell types including the insulin-producing β-cells. In mice, Dach1 gene deletion left the pancreatic progenitor cells unaltered, but blocked the perinatal burst of proliferation of differentiated β-cells that normally generates most of the β-cell mass. In β-cells, Dach1 bound to the promoter of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1, which constrains β-cell proliferation. Taken together, these data demonstrate a conserved role for Dachshund homologues in the production of insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalousova
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Muller M, Mavropoulos A, Nica G, Motte P, Martial JA, Hammerschmidt M, Lopez M. Sox4b is required for pituitary expression of gata2 and specification of thyrotrope cells in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.03.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stetsyuk V, Peers B, Mavropoulos A, Verbruggen V, Thisse B, Thisse C, Motte P, Duvillié B, Scharfmann R. Calsenilin is required for endocrine pancreas development in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2007; 236:1517-25. [PMID: 17450605 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsenilin/DREAM/Kchip3 is a neuronal calcium-binding protein. It is a multifunctional protein, mainly expressed in neural tissues and implicated in regulation of presenilin processing, repression of transcription, and modulation of A-type potassium channels. Here, we performed a search for new genes expressed during pancreatic development and have studied the spatiotemporal expression pattern and possible role of calsenilin in pancreatic development in zebrafish. We detected calsenilin transcripts in the pancreas from 21 somites to 39 hours postfertilization stages. Using double in situ hybridization, we found that the calsenilin gene was expressed in pancreatic endocrine cells. Loss-of-function experiments with anti-calsenilin morpholinos demonstrated that injected morphants have a significant decrease in the number of pancreatic endocrine cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of calsenilin leads to perturbation in islet morphogenesis, suggesting that calsenilin is required for early islet cell migration. Taken together, our results show that zebrafish calsenilin is involved in endocrine cell differentiation and morphogenesis within the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stetsyuk
- University Paris-Descartes, Faculty of Medicine; INSERM, Necker Hospital, U845/EMI 363, Paris, France
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Mavropoulos A, Devos N, Biemar F, Zecchin E, Argenton F, Edlund H, Motte P, Martial JA, Peers B. sox4b is a key player of pancreatic alpha cell differentiation in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2005; 285:211-23. [PMID: 16055112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreas development relies on a network of transcription factors belonging mainly to the Homeodomain and basic Helix-Loop-Helix families. We show in this study that, in zebrafish, sox4, a member of the SRY-like HMG-box (SOX) family, is required for proper endocrine cell differentiation. We found that two genes orthologous to mammalian Sox4 are present in zebrafish and that only one of them, sox4b, is strongly expressed in the pancreatic anlage. Transcripts of sox4b were detected in mid-trunk endoderm from the 5-somite stage, well before the onset of expression of the early pancreatic gene pdx-1. Furthermore, by fluorescent double in situ hybridization, we found that expression of sox4b is mostly restricted to precursors of the endocrine compartment. This expression is not maintained in differentiated cells although transient expression can be detected in alpha cells and some beta cells. That sox4b-expressing cells belong to the endocrine lineage is further illustrated by their absence from the pancreata of slow-muscle-omitted mutant embryos, which specifically lack all early endocrine markers while retaining expression of exocrine markers. The involvement of sox4b in cell differentiation is suggested firstly by its up-regulation in mind bomb mutant embryos displaying accelerated pancreatic cell differentiation. In addition, sox4b knock-down leads to a drastic reduction in glucagon expression, while other pancreatic markers including insulin, somatostatin, and trypsin are not significantly affected. This disruption of alpha cell differentiation is due to down-regulation of the homeobox arx gene specifically in the pancreas. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in zebrafish, sox4b is expressed transiently during endocrine cell differentiation and plays a crucial role in the generation of alpha endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mavropoulos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génie Génétique, Center of Biomedical Integrative Genoproteomics (CBIG), Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bâtiment B6, 4000 Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
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Mavropoulos A, Staudt CB, Kiliaridis S, Krejci I. Light curing time reduction: in vitro evaluation of new intensive light-emitting diode curing units. Eur J Orthod 2005; 27:408-12. [PMID: 15961571 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cji021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to establish the minimum necessary curing time to bond stainless steel brackets (Mini Diamond Twin) using new, intensive, light-emitting diode (LED) curing units. Seventy-five bovine primary incisors were divided into five equal groups. A standard light curing adhesive (Transbond XT) was used to bond the stainless steel brackets using different lamps and curing times. Two groups were bonded using an intensive LED curing lamp (Ortholux LED) for 5 and 10 seconds. Two more groups were bonded using another intensive LED curing device (Ultra-Lume LED 5) also for 5 and 10 seconds. Finally, a high-output halogen lamp (Optilux 501) was used for 40 seconds to bond the final group, which served as a positive control. All teeth were fixed in hard acrylic and stored for 24 hours in water at 37 degrees C. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured using an Instron testing machine. Weibull distribution and analysis of variance were used to test for significant differences. The SBS values obtained were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001). When used for 10 seconds, the intensive LED curing units achieved sufficient SBS, comparable with the control. In contrast, 5 seconds resulted in significantly lower SBS. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was not significantly affected.A curing time of 10 seconds was found to be sufficient to bond metallic brackets to incisors using intensive LED curing units. These new, comparatively inexpensive, curing lamps seem to be an advantageous alternative to conventional halogen lamps for bonding orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavropoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Marteus H, Mavropoulos A, Palm JP, Ulfgren AK, Bergström J, Alving K. Nitric oxide formation in the oropharyngeal tract: possible influence of cigarette smoking. Nitric Oxide 2004; 11:247-55. [PMID: 15566971 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2004.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking reduces the level of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air by an unknown mechanism. The view that part of the effect of cigarette smoking on NO production should occur in the oropharyngeal tract is supported by several studies. We have therefore compared smokers and non-smokers regarding non-enzymatic formation of NO from nitrite in the oral cavity since this is a primary candidate target for cigarette smoke. We have also looked at NO synthase-dependent NO formation in the mucosa of the oropharyngeal tract as an alternative target for the inhibitory effect induced by cigarette smoke. Smokers exhaled 67% lower levels of NO than controls (p<0.01, n=15 each group). We could not detect any significant difference in salivary nitrite, nitrate or ascorbate between smokers and non-smokers. Mouthwash with the antibacterial agent chlorhexidine reduced salivary nitrite (-65%) and exhaled NO levels (-10%) similarly in the two groups. Immunohistochemical techniques revealed dense expression of inducible (but not endothelial or neuronal) NO synthase in the squamous epithelium of non-inflamed tonsillar and gingival tissue biopsies. In the same biopsies, significant Ca2+ -independent citrulline-forming activity was detected. We found no difference between smoking and non-smoking subjects regarding NO-synthase expression and in vitro activity. In another group of non-smoking subjects (n=10), spraying the oropharyngeal tract with the NO-synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (250 mg) significantly reduced exhaled NO levels for at least 30 min (-18%, p<0.01). Our data suggest that cigarette smoking does not affect non-enzymatic NO formation from nitrite in saliva. However, NO is also formed by inducible NO synthase in the squamous epithelium of the normal oropharyngeal tract. We suggest that cigarette smoking may down-regulate enzymatic NO formation in the oropharyngeal compartment as well as in the bronchial compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marteus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mavropoulos A, Kiliaridis S, Bresin A, Ammann P. Effect of different masticatory functional and mechanical demands on the structural adaptation of the mandibular alveolar bone in young growing rats. Bone 2004; 35:191-7. [PMID: 15207756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Revised: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of masticatory functional and mechanical demands on the structural adaptation of the alveolar bone has not been investigated in both animals and humans. The effect of two experimental factors, the insertion of a bite-opening appliance and the alteration of food consistency, was investigated in young growing rats, with a particular emphasis on three-dimensional (3D) bone microstructure. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into two equal groups, fed with either the standard hard diet or soft diet, at the age of 4 weeks. After 2 weeks, half of the animals in both groups had their upper molars fitted with an upper posterior bite block, an appliance similar to those used in clinical orthodontics. The remaining animals served as a control. After another 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and their left hemimandibles were excised. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure parameters of the alveolar process were subsequently measured, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The alveolar process width was also measured. Both experimental factors led to significant shape and structure modification of the mandibular alveolar bone in the growing rat. The bite block applied a continuous light force, which was associated with an inhibition of alveolar process vertical growth and a significant increase of cortical thickness. Soft diet and the consequent reduction of the intermittent forces applied to the alveolar bone during mastication resulted in a reduction of bone mineral density, accompanied by decreased trabecular bone volume and thickness. This rat model could prove to be a useful tool for the in vivo investigation of the role of muscular forces on the shape and structure adaptation of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavropoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Zecchin E, Mavropoulos A, Devos N, Filippi A, Tiso N, Meyer D, Peers B, Bortolussi M, Argenton F. Erratum to “Evolutionary conserved role of ptf1a in the specification of exocrine pancreatic fates” [Dev. Biol. 268 (2004) 174–184]. Dev Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zecchin E, Mavropoulos A, Devos N, Filippi A, Tiso N, Meyer D, Peers B, Bortolussi M, Argenton F. Evolutionary conserved role of ptf1a in the specification of exocrine pancreatic fates. Dev Biol 2004; 268:174-84. [PMID: 15031114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized and mapped the zebrafish ptf1a gene, analyzed its embryonic expression, and studied its role in pancreas development. In situ hybridization experiments show that from the 12-somite stage to 48 hpf, ptf1a is dynamically expressed in the spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebellum, retina, and pancreas of zebrafish embryos. Within the endoderm, ptf1a is initially expressed at 32 hpf in the ventral portion of the pdx1 expression domain; ptf1a is expressed in a subset of cells located on the left side of the embryo posteriorly to the liver primordium and anteriorly to the endocrine islet that arises from the posterodorsal pancreatic anlage. Then the ptf1a expression domain buds giving rise to the anteroventral pancreatic anlage that grows posteriorly to eventually engulf the endocrine islet. By 72 hpf, ptf1a continues to be expressed in the exocrine compartment derived from the anteroventral anlage. Morpholino-induced ptf1a loss of function suppresses the expression of the exocrine markers, while the endocrine markers in the islet are unaffected. In mind bomb (mib) mutants, in which delta-mediated notch signalling is defective [Dev. Cell 4 (2003) 67], ptf1a is normally expressed. In addition, the slow-muscle-omitted (smu) mutants that lack expression of endocrine markers because of a defective hedgehog signalling [Curr. Biol. 11(2001) 1358] exhibit normal levels of ptf1a. This indicates that hedgehog signaling plays a different genetic role in the specification of the anteroventral (mostly exocrine) and posterodorsal (endocrine) pancreatic anlagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Zecchin
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degli Studi di Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
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Mavropoulos A, Karamouzos A, Kolokithas G, Athanasiou AE. In vivo evaluation of two new moisture-resistant orthodontic adhesive systems: a comparative clinical trial. J Orthod 2003; 30:139-47; discussion 127-8. [PMID: 12835430 DOI: 10.1093/ortho/30.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of two new moisture-resistant orthodontic adhesive systems: a chemically-cured composite resin (Unite, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) in conjunction with a special moisture-resistant primer (Transbond MIP, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA); and a fluoride-releasing light-cured compomer (Assure, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Inc., Itasca, Illinois, USA). DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial using the 'split-mouth' technique. SETTING Department of Orthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. SUBJECTS (MATERIALS) AND METHODS Twenty-five consecutively started patients (13 females and 12 males) requiring fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. INTERVENTIONS Four-hundred-and-thirty-six stainless steel brackets bonded to all teeth except molars using two different moisture-resistant orthodontic adhesive systems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bond failure rates during a period of 9 months were estimated for each adhesive system and the corresponding bracket survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan- Meier product-limit estimate. Bracket survival distributions with respect to adhesive material, tooth location, patient's gender and operator, were then compared by means of a log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined using the Adhesive Remnant Index. RESULTS Assure recorded a higher bond failure rate (13.8 per cent) than Unite & MIP (7.3 per cent). The corresponding bracket survival curves were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). Premolars exhibited higher bond failures than incisors and canines (P < 0.001), while half (49.8 per cent) of the total bond failures occurred during the first 2 months of treatment. The predominant mode of failure was within the bonding material. CONCLUSION The new moisture-resistant adhesive systems under study were found to be clinically efficient, though Assure exhibited a significantly higher bond failure rate than Unite and Transbond MIP. The higher frequency of adhesive failures observed with Assure might indicate a possible weak point at the adhesive-bracket interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavropoulos
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Karamouzos A, Mavropoulos A, Athanasiou AE, Kolokithas G. In vivo evaluation of a moisture-activated orthodontic adhesive: a comparative clinical trial. Orthod Craniofac Res 2002; 5:170-8. [PMID: 12194667 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.02207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the clinical performance of a water-activated, ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive to a conventional composite resin. The null hypothesis tested was that there was no difference in bracket survival distribution, over a period of orthodontic treatment, for brackets bonded with either bonding agent. DESIGN Single center randomized controlled clinical study. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-five consecutive patients (15 females and 10 males) were selected and treated with fixed appliances in a university postgraduate orthodontic clinic. All teeth, but the molars, were bonded with twin stainless steel brackets (n = 429) using a split-mouth technique and random allocation of the two adhesives. OUTCOME MEASURE Bond failure rates during a period of 9 months were estimated for each adhesive system and the corresponding bracket survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimate. Bracket survival distributions with respect to adhesive material, tooth location, investigator, and bond failure interface were then compared by means of a log-rank test. Bond failure interface was determined using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). RESULTS The water-activated bonding material recorded a significantly higher bond failure (22.4%) than the composite resin (5.1%). There were also statistically significant differences in bracket survival distributions between the two adhesives (log-rank test: p < 0.001). Premolars exhibited higher bond failure rates than incisors and canines (p < 0001). The predominant mode of failure was within the bonding material. CONCLUSION Further investigations focused on the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the water-activated bonding system are needed to make it a reliable alternative adhesive for the direct bonding of orthodontic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karamouzos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Biliaderis CG, Lazaridou A, Mavropoulos A, Barbayiannis N. WATER PLASTICIZATION EFFECTS ON CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF LACTOSE IN A CO-LYOPHILIZED AMORPHOUS POLYSACCHARIDE MATRIX AND ITS RELEVANCE TO THE GLASS TRANSITION. International Journal of Food Properties 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-120005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Snuff-induced blood flow responses in the gingiva were evaluated in 22 healthy casual consumers of tobacco. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to measure blood flow simultaneously and continuously on two gingival sites (buccal aspect of the papillae between the upper lateral incisors and canines). In addition, measurements of skin blood flow in the forehead and palmar side of the left thumb were performed. Arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were also recorded. Unilateral application of commercial snuff (500 mg, 1%) caused a marked and rapid increase in gingival blood flow (GBF) on the exposed side (p < 0.001). Blood flow increased also in the contralateral gingiva and forehead skin (p < 0.05). Skin blood flow in the thumb showed an insignificant decrease. BP and HR increased. Vascular conductance increased significantly in the snuff-exposed gingiva but not in the contralateral gingiva or the forehead. Vascular conductance was largely unaffected in the thumb. It is concluded that acute application of snuff, besides giving rise to typical changes in BP and HR, increases GBF in and around the exposed area, probably through activation of sensory nerves and the subsequent release of vasodilatory peptides from their peripheral endings. Blood flow in unexposed gingival and forehead skin may increase probably due to humoral or nervously mediated mechanisms. However, a passive pressure-induced hyperaemia in the unexposed gingiva and forehead skin can not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavropoulos
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
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Mavropoulos A, Endal U, Aars H, Brodin P. Effects of mandibular nerve block on heat- or cold-induced changes in pulpal blood flow in man. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995; 11:284-7. [PMID: 8617164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1995.tb00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to study the effect of mandibular nerve block, using 3% mepivacain, on heat- or cold-induced changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) evoked by application of cold or heat to the lingual surfaces of teeth 33 and 43 in nine young subjects. PBF on average showed a 7% increase in response to heat (48 degrees C) and a 20% decrease when exposed to cold (3 degrees C). Neither response was affected by mandibular block. From this we concluded that the effects on PBF of the presently applied heating and cooling of the tooth were solely due to direct thermal influences on the blood vessels, without involvement of vasomotor or sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavropoulos
- Department of Periodontics, University of Oslo, Norway
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