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Kumaraswamy A, Duan Z, Flores D, Zhang C, Sehrawat A, Hu YM, Swaim OA, Rodansky E, Storck WK, Kuleape JA, Bedi K, Mannan R, Wang XM, Udager A, Ravikumar V, Bankhead A, Coleman I, Lee JK, Morrissey C, Nelson PS, Chinnaiyan AM, Rao A, Xia Z, Yates JA, Alumkal JJ. LSD1 promotes prostate cancer reprogramming by repressing TP53 signaling independently of its demethylase function. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167440. [PMID: 37440313 PMCID: PMC10445684 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that promotes stemness and cell survival in cancers such as prostate cancer. Most prostate malignancies are adenocarcinomas with luminal differentiation. However, some tumors undergo cellular reprogramming to a more lethal subset termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) with neuronal differentiation. The frequency of NEPC is increasing since the widespread use of potent androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Currently, there are no effective treatments for NEPC. We previously determined that LSD1 promotes survival of prostate adenocarcinoma tumors. However, the role of LSD1 in NEPC is unknown. Here, we determined that LSD1 is highly upregulated in NEPC versus adenocarcinoma patient tumors. LSD1 suppression with RNAi or allosteric LSD1 inhibitors - but not catalytic inhibitors - reduced NEPC cell survival. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that LSD1 represses pathways linked to luminal differentiation, and TP53 was the top reactivated pathway. We confirmed that LSD1 suppressed the TP53 pathway by reducing TP53 occupancy at target genes while LSD1's catalytic function was dispensable for this effect. Mechanistically, LSD1 inhibition disrupted LSD1-HDAC interactions, increasing histone acetylation at TP53 targets. Finally, LSD1 inhibition suppressed NEPC tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that blocking LSD1's noncatalytic function may be a promising treatment strategy for NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasu Kumaraswamy
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diana Flores
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ya-Mei Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute and
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Olivia A. Swaim
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and
| | - Eva Rodansky
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William K. Storck
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua A. Kuleape
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karan Bedi
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John K. Lee
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Knight Cancer Institute and
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joel A. Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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2
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Tyner JW, Haderk F, Kumaraswamy A, Baughn LB, Van Ness B, Liu S, Marathe H, Alumkal JJ, Bivona TG, Chan KS, Druker BJ, Hutson AD, Nelson PS, Sawyers CL, Willey CD. Understanding Drug Sensitivity and Tackling Resistance in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1448-1460. [PMID: 35195258 PMCID: PMC9018544 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer and the development of novel therapeutics have yielded a number of remarkable successes. However, our ability to broadly assign effective, rationally targeted therapies in a personalized manner remains elusive for many patients, and drug resistance persists as a major problem. This is in part due to the well-documented heterogeneity of cancer, including the diversity of tumor cell lineages and cell states, the spectrum of somatic mutations, the complexity of microenvironments, and immune-suppressive features and immune repertoires, which collectively require numerous different therapeutic approaches. Here, we describe a framework to understand the types and biological causes of resistance, providing translational opportunities to tackle drug resistance by rational therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Linda B. Baughn
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian Van Ness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Himangi Marathe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Trever G. Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Keith Syson Chan
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brian J. Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alan D. Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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3
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Mehta P, Kumaraswamy A, Saraswat V, Kumar BP. Utilisation of High Energy Propellant Waste in Manufacturing of Fired Clay Bricks to Enhance the Acoustic Properties. DEFENCE SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.71.17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The disposal and waste management of solid high energy propellant (HEP) is a considerate conservational problem. HEP waste is currently disposed in open or confined burning which may cause environmental hazards. In this paper, we examined and discussed results on recycling of HEP waste into fired clay bricks baked in different orientation. HEP modified bricks with 1.5%, 3% and 5 wt. % HEP waste content were manufactured and tested, and then compared against virgin clay bricks without HEP content. The effect of directional orientation of bricks baked with varying HEP content on acoustic properties were experimented and discussed. The sound transmission loss decreases with increase in HEP waste due to formation of independently closed directional pores. The transmission loss of horizontally baked during firing of bricks is nearly 5dB lower than vertically baked bricks. Results of the experimental studies indicate that HEP waste can be utilised in fired clay bricks and different orientation baking further enhances the acoustic properties.
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4
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Kim DH, Sun D, Storck WK, Welker Leng K, Jenkins C, Coleman DJ, Sampson D, Guan X, Kumaraswamy A, Rodansky ES, Urrutia JA, Schwartzman JA, Zhang C, Beltran H, Labrecque MP, Morrissey C, Lucas JM, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Corey E, Handelman SK, Sexton JZ, Aggarwal R, Abida W, Feng FY, Small EJ, Spratt DE, Bankhead A, Rao A, Gesner EM, Attwell S, Lakhotia S, Campeau E, Yates JA, Xia Z, Alumkal JJ. BET Bromodomain Inhibition Blocks an AR-Repressed, E2F1-Activated Treatment-Emergent Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity Program. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4923-4936. [PMID: 34145028 PMCID: PMC8416959 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lineage plasticity in prostate cancer-most commonly exemplified by loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and a switch from a luminal to alternate differentiation program-is now recognized as a treatment resistance mechanism. Lineage plasticity is a spectrum, but neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is the most virulent example. Currently, there are limited treatments for NEPC. Moreover, the incidence of treatment-emergent NEPC (t-NEPC) is increasing in the era of novel AR inhibitors. In contradistinction to de novo NEPC, t-NEPC tumors often express the AR, but AR's functional role in t-NEPC is unknown. Furthermore, targetable factors that promote t-NEPC lineage plasticity are also unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using an integrative systems biology approach, we investigated enzalutamide-resistant t-NEPC cell lines and their parental, enzalutamide-sensitive adenocarcinoma cell lines. The AR is still expressed in these t-NEPC cells, enabling us to determine the role of the AR and other key factors in regulating t-NEPC lineage plasticity. RESULTS AR inhibition accentuates lineage plasticity in t-NEPC cells-an effect not observed in parental, enzalutamide-sensitive adenocarcinoma cells. Induction of an AR-repressed, lineage plasticity program is dependent on activation of the transcription factor E2F1 in concert with the BET bromodomain chromatin reader BRD4. BET inhibition (BETi) blocks this E2F1/BRD4-regulated program and decreases growth of t-NEPC tumor models and a subset of t-NEPC patient tumors with high activity of this program in a BETi clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS E2F1 and BRD4 are critical for activating an AR-repressed, t-NEPC lineage plasticity program. BETi is a promising approach to block this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hwan Kim
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - William K. Storck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katherine Welker Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chelsea Jenkins
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Daniel J. Coleman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - David Sampson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Anbarasu Kumaraswamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Eva S. Rodansky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua A. Urrutia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Jacob A. Schwartzman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark P. Labrecque
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jared M. Lucas
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilsa M. Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel K. Handelman
- Center for Drug Repurposing, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Center for Drug Repurposing, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wassim Abida
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric J. Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E. Spratt
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arvind Rao
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Eric Campeau
- Zenith Epigenetics Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel A. Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zheng Xia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon.,Corresponding Authors: Joshi J. Alumkal, Phone: 734-936-9868; Fax: 734-647-9480; E-mail: and Zheng Xia, Phone: 503-494-9726; E-mail:
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Corresponding Authors: Joshi J. Alumkal, Phone: 734-936-9868; Fax: 734-647-9480; E-mail: and Zheng Xia, Phone: 503-494-9726; E-mail:
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5
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Kumaraswamy A, Welker Leng KR, Westbrook TC, Yates JA, Zhao SG, Evans CP, Feng FY, Morgan TM, Alumkal JJ. Recent Advances in Epigenetic Biomarkers and Epigenetic Targeting in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 80:71-81. [PMID: 33785255 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations play a crucial role during prostate cancer progression. A better understanding of the epigenetic factors that promote prostate cancer progression may lead to the design of rational therapeutic strategies to target prostate cancer more effectively. OBJECTIVE To systematically review recent literature on the role of epigenetic factors in prostate cancer and highlight key preclinical and translational data with epigenetic therapies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a systemic literature search in PubMed. At the request of the editors, we limited our search to articles published between January 2015 and August 2020 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical trials targeting epigenetic factors were retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We retrieved 1451 articles, and 62 were finally selected for review. Twelve additional foundational studies outside this time frame were also included. Findings from both preclinical and clinical studies were reviewed and summarized. We also discuss 12 ongoing clinical studies with epigenetic targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic mechanisms impact prostate cancer progression. Understanding the role of specific epigenetic factors is critical to determine how we may improve prostate cancer treatment and modulate resistance to standard therapies. Recent preclinical studies and ongoing or completed clinical studies with epigenetic therapies provide a useful roadmap for how to best deploy epigenetic therapies clinically to target prostate cancer. PATIENT SUMMARY Epigenetics is a process by which gene expression is regulated without changes in the DNA sequence itself. Oftentimes, epigenetic changes influence cellular behavior and contribute to cancer development or progression. Understanding how epigenetic changes occur in prostate cancer is the first step toward therapeutic targeting in patients. Importantly, laboratory-based studies and recently completed and ongoing clinical trials suggest that drugs targeting epigenetic factors are promising. More work is necessary to determine whether this class of drugs will add to our existing treatment arsenal in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel A Yates
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery and UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Utilisation of propellant waste in fabrication of bricks is not only used as efficient waste disposal method but also to get better functional properties. In the present study, high energy propellant (HEP) waste additive mixed with soil and fly ash in different proportions during manufacturing of bricks has been investigated experimentally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to confirm the brick formation and the effect of HEP waste. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with HEP waste additive in proper proportions i.e. 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, 3.5 wt %, and 4 wt % and then evaluated for water absorption capability and compressive strength. Compressive strength of 6.7 N/mm2, and Water absorption of 22 % have been observed from modified fired bricks impregnated with HEM waste additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the effect of HEP waste additive on pore formation and distribution in the bricks. Further, the heat resulting from decomposition of propellants can cause a decrease in the energy required of baking process. The process of manufacturing of bricks with HEP waste additive is first of its kind till date.
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7
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Coleman DJ, Sampson DA, Sehrawat A, Kumaraswamy A, Sun D, Wang Y, Schwartzman J, Urrutia J, Lee AR, Coleman IM, Nelson PS, Dong X, Morrissey C, Corey E, Xia Z, Yates JA, Alumkal JJ. Alternative splicing of LSD1+8a in neuroendocrine prostate cancer is mediated by SRRM4. Neoplasia 2020; 22:253-262. [PMID: 32403054 PMCID: PMC7218227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is the most virulent form of prostate cancer. Importantly, our recent work examining metastatic biopsy samples demonstrates NEPC is increasing in frequency. In contrast to prostate adenocarcinomas that express a luminal gene expression program, NEPC tumors express a neuronal gene expression program. Despite this distinction, the diagnosis of NEPC is often challenging, demonstrating an urgent need to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our prior work demonstrated that the histone demethylase LSD1 (KDM1A) is important for survival of prostate adenocarcinomas, but little was known about LSD1's role in NEPC. Recently, a neural-specific transcript variant of LSD1-LSD1+8a-was discovered and demonstrated to activate neuronal gene expression in neural cells. The splicing factor SRRM4 was previously shown to promote LSD1+8a splicing in neuronal cells, and SRRM4 promotes NEPC differentiation and cell survival. Therefore, we sought to determine if LSD1+8a might play a role in NEPC and whether LSD1+8a splicing was linked to SRRM4. To investigate a potential role for LSD1+8a in NEPC, we examined a panel of prostate adenocarcinoma and NEPC patient-derived xenografts and metastatic biopsies. LSD1+8a was expressed exclusively in NEPC samples and correlated significantly with elevated expression of SRRM4. Using SRRM4-overexpressing cell lines, we determined that SRRM4 mediates alternative splicing of LSD1+8a. Finally, using gain of function studies, we confirmed that LSD1+8a and SRRM4 co-regulate target genes distinct from canonical LSD1. Our findings suggest further study of the interplay between SRRM4 and LSD1+8a and mechanisms by which LSD1+8a regulates gene expression in NEPC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Coleman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David A Sampson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Archana Sehrawat
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anbarasu Kumaraswamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacob Schwartzman
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joshua Urrutia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ahn R Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel A Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Kumaraswamy A, Mamidi A, Desai P, Sivagnanam A, Perumalsamy LR, Ramakrishnan C, Gromiha M, Rajalingam K, Mahalingam S. The non-enzymatic RAS effector RASSF7 inhibits oncogenic c-Myc function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15691-15705. [PMID: 30139745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a proto-oncogene controlling expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and differentiation. Although the functional role of c-Myc as a transcriptional regulator has been intensively studied, targeting this protein in cancer remains a challenge. Here, we report a trimodal regulation of c-Myc function by the Ras effector, Ras-association domain family member 7 (RASSF7), a nonenzymatic protein modulating protein-protein interactions to regulate cell proliferation. Using HEK293T and HeLa cell lines, we provide evidence that RASSF7 destabilizes the c-Myc protein by promoting Cullin4B-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, RASSF7 competed with MYC-associated factor X (MAX) in the formation of a heterodimeric complex with c-Myc and attenuated its occupancy on target gene promoters to regulate transcription. Consequently, RASSF7 inhibited c-Myc-mediated oncogenic transformation, and an inverse correlation between the expression levels of the RASSF7 and c-Myc genes was evident in human cancers. Furthermore, we found that RASSF7 interacts with c-Myc via its RA and leucine zipper (LZ) domains and LZ domain peptide is sufficient to inhibit c-Myc function, suggesting that this peptide might be used to target oncogenic c-Myc. These results unveil that RASSF7 and c-Myc are functionally linked in the control of tumorigenesis and open up potential therapeutic avenues for targeting the "undruggable" c-Myc protein in a subset of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasu Kumaraswamy
- From the National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Anitha Mamidi
- From the National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Pavitra Desai
- From the National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Ananthi Sivagnanam
- From the National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | | | - Chandrasekaran Ramakrishnan
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India and
| | - Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India and
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- the MSU-FZI, Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumaraswamy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, 600036
| | - J. Sobhanadri
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, 600036
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Viswanath H, Kumaraswamy A, Sivakumar P. Optimisation of Diesel Engine for Hybrid Military Tracked Vehicles using Matlab-Simulink. DEFENCE SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.67.11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
<p class="Abstract">The demand in the technology requirements for diesel engines is growing keeping hybrid vehicles in mind. In future the diesel engine no longer drives the wheels directly; as a result the engine can be engaged at a limited number of operating points, thus, offering an opportunity to optimise the fuel efficiency and performance at those operating points. The extent to which this optimisation is possible is limited by practical considerations. Also if the positive and negative power peaks in vehicle during mobility (e.g. acceleration and regenerative braking respectively) can be accommodated by high-power batteries, then the size of the engine can be considerably reduced. The engine’s operating points depend on the power-control strategy. The consequences of modifications to these operating points will have an effect on performance and efficiency. As in series hybrid only a limited number of operating points are involved and dynamic performance requirements are not imposed on the diesel engine, significant improvements can be achieved by the optimisation of the diesel engine at these operating points. The feasibility of optimisation of the engine at these operating points can be done by modification on the injection systems, the valve timings and other such parameters. This kind of approach requires the use of complex and repeated experimental analysis of the engine which is costly, cumbersome and time consuming. An alternative to this kind of experimental approach is to develop a simulation model of the engine with the generator in Matlab- Simulink.</p>
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Thoompumkal IJ, Subba Rao MRK, Kumaraswamy A, Krishnan R, Mahalingam S. GNL3L Is a Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Shuttling Protein: Role in Cell Cycle Regulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135845. [PMID: 26274615 PMCID: PMC4537249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GNL3L is an evolutionarily conserved high molecular weight GTP binding nucleolar protein belonging to HSR1-MMR1 subfamily of GTPases. The present investigation reveals that GNL3L is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein and its export from the nucleus is sensitive to Leptomycin B. Deletion mutagenesis reveals that the C-terminal domain (amino acids 501–582) is necessary and sufficient for the export of GNL3L from the nucleus and the exchange of hydrophobic residues (M567, L570 and 572) within the C-terminal domain impairs this process. Results from the protein-protein interaction analysis indicate that GNL3L interaction with CRM1 is critical for its export from the nucleus. Ectopic expression of GNL3L leads to lesser accumulation of cells in the ‘G2/M’ phase of cell cycle whereas depletion of endogenous GNL3L results in ‘G2/M’ arrest. Interestingly, cell cycle analysis followed by BrdU labeling assay indicates that significantly increased DNA synthesis occurs in cells expressing nuclear export defective mutant (GNL3L∆NES) compared to the wild type or nuclear import defective GNL3L. Furthermore, increased hyperphosphorylation of Rb at Serine 780 and the upregulation of E2F1, cyclins A2 and E1 upon ectopic expression of GNL3L∆NES results in faster ‘S’ phase progression. Collectively, the present study provides evidence that GNL3L is exported from the nucleus in CRM1 dependent manner and the nuclear localization of GNL3L is important to promote ‘S’ phase progression during cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Jose Thoompumkal
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Malireddi Rama Krishna Subba Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Anbarasu Kumaraswamy
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
- National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Rehna Krishnan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Sundarasamy Mahalingam
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
- National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
- * E-mail:
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Jeyaraj M, Kumaraswamy A, Sobhanadri J. Numerical curve fitting technique for evaluating complex permittivity of liquids of millimetre and centimetre wavelengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/12/12/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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