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Camus V, Thieblemont C, Gaulard P, Cheminant M, Casasnovas RO, Ysebaert L, Damaj GL, Guidez S, Pica GM, Kim WS, Lim ST, Andre M, Gutiérrez N, Penarrubia MJ, Staber PB, Trotman J, Hüttmann A, Stefoni V, Tucci A, Fogarty P, Farhat H, Abraham J, Abarah W, Belmecheri F, Ribrag V, Delfau-Larue MH, Cottereau AS, Itti E, Li J, Delarue R, de Leval L, Morschhauser F, Bachy E. Romidepsin Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone Versus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone in Patients With Previously Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Ro-CHOP Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1612-1618. [PMID: 38364196 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.The primary analysis of the Ro-CHOP phase III randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01796002) established that romidepsin (Ro) plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) did not yield an increased efficacy compared with CHOP alone as first-line treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. We report the planned final analysis 5 years after the last patient enrolled. With a median follow-up of 6 years, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.0 months compared with 10.2 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79 [95% CI, 0.62 to 1.005]; P = .054), while median overall survival was 62.2 months (35.7-86.6 months) and 43.8 months (30.1-70.2 months; HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.68 to 1.14]; P = .324) in the Ro-CHOP and CHOP arms, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, the median PFS in the centrally reviewed follicular helper T-cell lymphoma subgroup was significantly longer in the Ro-CHOP arm (19.5 v 10.6 months, HR, 0.703 [95% CI, 0.502 to 0.985]; P = .039). Second-line treatments were given to 251 patients with a median PFS2 and OS2 after relapse or progression of 3.3 months and 11.5 months, respectively. Within the limits of highly heterogeneous second-line treatments, no specific regimen seemed to provide superior disease control. However, a potential benefit was observed with brentuximab vedotin in association with chemotherapy even after excluding anaplastic large-cell lymphoma subtype or after adjusting for histology and international prognostic index in a multivariate model (HR for PFS, 0.431 [95% CI, 0.238 to 0.779]; P = .005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Camus
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | | | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology and InsermU955, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- Service d'Hematologie adultes, Hopital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gian Matteo Pica
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | | | | | - Marc Andre
- Department of Hematology, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Norma Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL, CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Trotman
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, Australia
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Fogarty
- Biostatistics Department, LYSARC, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Hassan Farhat
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Julie Abraham
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire (CHU) Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Wajed Abarah
- Department of Hematology, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
| | - Fatiha Belmecheri
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Department of Hematology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anne-Ségolène Cottereau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Itti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Ju Li
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Richard Delarue
- Service d'Hematologie adultes, Hopital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bachy
- Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Johansson P, Alig S, Richter J, Hanoun C, Rekowski J, Dürig J, Ylstra B, de Jong D, Klapper W, Alizadeh AA, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A. Outcome prediction by interim positron emission tomography and IgM monoclonal gammopathy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:3445-3455. [PMID: 37566280 PMCID: PMC10640472 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a positive interim positron emission tomography (PET) scan predicts treatment failure, but the proportion of high-risk patients thus identified is small. To improve prediction, we combined the interim PET result with the presence or absence of an associated IgM gammopathy. Of 108 DLBCL patients participating in a prospective trial, nine (8%) were interim PET positive and 19 (18%) had an IgM gammopathy. The monoclonal protein was not associated with distinguishing genetic features, and its light chain restriction was not always concordant with the light chain restriction of the lymphoma. The information provided by interim PET and IgM gammopathy was combined to dichotomize the population into sizeable high-risk (1-2 adverse factors) and low-risk groups (no adverse factor) with widely different outcomes (population size, 25% vs. 75%; 3-year risk of progression, 51% vs. 10%; 3-year overall survival, 64% vs. 95%). Multivariable analyses including established risk factors revealed the interim PET result and the IgM gammopathy status to be the only factors significantly associated with outcome. Information about interim PET response and IgM gammopathy may be useful in studies testing risk-adapted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Johansson
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Alig
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia Richter
- Department of Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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3
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Ferrández MC, Golla SSV, Eertink JJ, de Vries BM, Lugtenburg PJ, Wiegers SE, Zwezerijnen GJC, Pieplenbosch S, Kurch L, Hüttmann A, Hanoun C, Dührsen U, de Vet HCW, Zijlstra JM, Boellaard R. An artificial intelligence method using FDG PET to predict treatment outcome in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13111. [PMID: 37573446 PMCID: PMC10423266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may improve response prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a CNN using maximum intensity projection (MIP) images from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) baseline scans to predict the probability of time-to-progression (TTP) within 2 years and compare it with the International Prognostic Index (IPI), i.e. a clinically used score. 296 DLBCL 18F-FDG PET/CT baseline scans collected from a prospective clinical trial (HOVON-84) were analysed. Cross-validation was performed using coronal and sagittal MIPs. An external dataset (340 DLBCL patients) was used to validate the model. Association between the probabilities, metabolic tumour volume and Dmaxbulk was assessed. Probabilities for PET scans with synthetically removed tumors were also assessed. The CNN provided a 2-year TTP prediction with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, outperforming the IPI-based model (AUC = 0.68). Furthermore, high probabilities (> 0.6) of the original MIPs were considerably decreased after removing the tumours (< 0.4, generally). These findings suggest that MIP-based CNNs are able to predict treatment outcome in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ferrández
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakoba J Eertink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M de Vries
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternella J Lugtenburg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne E Wiegers
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Pieplenbosch
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Methodology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Eertink JJ, Zwezerijnen GJC, Heymans MW, Pieplenbosch S, Wiegers SE, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Kurch L, Hanoun C, Lugtenburg PJ, Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Ceriani L, Zucca E, Czibor S, Györke T, Chamuleau MED, Hoekstra OS, de Vet HCW, Boellaard R, Zijlstra JM. Baseline PET radiomics outperforms the IPI risk score for prediction of outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 141:3055-3064. [PMID: 37001036 PMCID: PMC10646814 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to externally validate the clinical positron emission tomography (PET) model developed in the HOVON-84 trial and to compare the model performance of our clinical PET model using the international prognostic index (IPI). In total, 1195 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were included in the study. Data of 887 patients from 6 studies were used as external validation data sets. The primary outcomes were 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year time to progression (TTP). The metabolic tumor volume (MTV), maximum distance between the largest lesion and another lesion (Dmaxbulk), and peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) were extracted. The predictive values of the IPI and clinical PET model (MTV, Dmaxbulk, SUVpeak, performance status, and age) were tested. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), and diagnostic performance, using the positive predictive value (PPV). The IPI yielded an AUC of 0.62. The clinical PET model yielded a significantly higher AUC of 0.71 (P < .001). Patients with high-risk IPI had a 2-year PFS of 61.4% vs 51.9% for those with high-risk clinical PET, with an increase in PPV from 35.5% to 49.1%, respectively. A total of 66.4% of patients with high-risk IPI were free from progression or relapse vs 55.5% of patients with high-risk clinical PET scores, with an increased PPV from 33.7% to 44.6%, respectively. The clinical PET model remained predictive of outcome in 6 independent first-line DLBCL studies, and had higher model performance than the currently used IPI in all studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Eertink
- Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. C. Zwezerijnen
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. W. Heymans
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Pieplenbosch
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. E. Wiegers
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U. Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A. Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L. Kurch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C. Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P. J. Lugtenburg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. F. Barrington
- King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. G. Mikhaeel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy’s Cancer Centre and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London University, London, United Kingdom
| | - L. Ceriani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Zucca
- SAKK Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, IOSI - Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - S. Czibor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Györke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. E. D. Chamuleau
- Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O. S. Hoekstra
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. C. W. de Vet
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Boellaard
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Zijlstra
- Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - PETRA Consortium
- Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy’s Cancer Centre and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London University, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, IOSI - Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Friese C, Breuckmann K, Hüttmann A, Eisele L, Dührsen U. Neutropenia-related aspergillosis in non-transplant haematological patients hospitalised under ambient air versus purified air conditions. Mycoses 2023; 66:505-514. [PMID: 36786491 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA), air purification by high-efficiency particulate air filtration and laminar air flow (HEPA/LAF) is standard of care in allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Its use in non-transplant haematological patients is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the incidence and outcome of pulmonary IA in non-transplant patients with life-threatening neutropenia by comparing an ambient air hospitalisation period (2008-2011) with a subsequent HEPA/LAF hospitalisation period (2012-2014). PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared 204 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or aplastic anaemia completing 534 neutropenia-related hospitalisations under ambient air conditions with 126 such patients completing 437 neutropenia-related hospitalisations under HEPA/LAF conditions. IA was defined using the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria. RESULTS Within a 7-year study period, we observed one 'proven', three 'probable' and 73 'possible' IAs, most often during acute leukaemia remission induction. Their frequency rose with increasing duration of life-threatening neutropenia (1-10 days, 1.8%; >40 days, 35.2%) and concomitant severe anaemia (0 days, 3.2%; >20 days, 31.0%). Multiple logistic regression revealed a strong correlation between IA incidence and hospitalisation under HEPA/LAF conditions (odds ratio [OR], 0.368 [95% confidence interval, 0.207-0.654]; p < .001) and duration of neutropenia (OR, 1.043 [1.023-1.062] per day; p < .001) and anaemia (OR, 1.044 [1.008-1.081] per day; p = .016). IA-associated fatal outcomes were non-significantly reduced under HEPA/LAF (OR, 0.077 [0.005-1.151]; p = .063). The protective effect of HEPA/LAF was not seen under posaconazole prophylaxis (OR, 0.856 [0.376-1.950]; p = .711). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of HEPA/LAF was associated with a significant reduction in neutropenia-related IA in non-transplant haematological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Friese
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Breuckmann
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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6
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Sworder BJ, Kurtz DM, Alig SK, Frank MJ, Shukla N, Garofalo A, Macaulay CW, Shahrokh Esfahani M, Olsen MN, Hamilton J, Hosoya H, Hamilton M, Spiegel JY, Baird JH, Sugio T, Carleton M, Craig AFM, Younes SF, Sahaf B, Sheybani ND, Schroers-Martin JG, Liu CL, Oak JS, Jin MC, Beygi S, Hüttmann A, Hanoun C, Dührsen U, Westin JR, Khodadoust MS, Natkunam Y, Majzner RG, Mackall CL, Diehn M, Miklos DB, Alizadeh AA. Determinants of resistance to engineered T cell therapies targeting CD19 in large B cell lymphomas. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:210-225.e5. [PMID: 36584673 PMCID: PMC10010070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most relapsed/refractory large B cell lymphoma (r/rLBCL) patients receiving anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T cells relapse. To characterize determinants of resistance, we profiled over 700 longitudinal specimens from two independent cohorts (n = 65 and n = 73) of r/rLBCL patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel. A method for simultaneous profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free CAR19 (cfCAR19) retroviral fragments, and cell-free T cell receptor rearrangements (cfTCR) enabled integration of tumor and both engineered and non-engineered T cell effector-mediated factors for assessing treatment failure and predicting outcomes. Alterations in multiple classes of genes are associated with resistance, including B cell identity (PAX5 and IRF8), immune checkpoints (CD274), and those affecting the microenvironment (TMEM30A). Somatic tumor alterations affect CAR19 therapy at multiple levels, including CAR19 T cell expansion, persistence, and tumor microenvironment. Further, CAR19 T cells play a reciprocal role in shaping tumor genotype and phenotype. We envision these findings will facilitate improved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sworder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Kurtz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stefan K Alig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew J Frank
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Navika Shukla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Garofalo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles W Macaulay
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mari N Olsen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Hamilton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hitomi Hosoya
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Hamilton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jay Y Spiegel
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John H Baird
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Takeshi Sugio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mia Carleton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander F M Craig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sheren F Younes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natasha D Sheybani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph G Schroers-Martin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chih Long Liu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jean S Oak
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Jin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara Beygi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasodha Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robbie G Majzner
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David B Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Seifert R, Kersting D, Rischpler C, Sandach P, Ferdinandus J, Fendler WP, Rahbar K, Weckesser M, Umutlu L, Hanoun C, Hüttmann A, Reinhardt HC, von Tresckow B, Herrmann K, Dührsen U, Schäfers M. Interim FDG-PET analysis to identify patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma who benefit from treatment intensification: a post-hoc analysis of the PETAL trial. Leukemia 2022; 36:2845-2852. [PMID: 36241697 PMCID: PMC9712103 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The randomized PETAL trial failed to demonstrate a benefit of interim FDG-PET (iPET)-based treatment intensification over continued standard therapy with CHOP (plus rituximab (R) in CD20-positive lymphomas). We hypothesized that PET analysis of all lymphoma manifestations may identify patients who benefitted from treatment intensification. A previously developed neural network was employed for iPET analysis to identify the highest pathological FDG uptake (max-SUVAI) and the mean FDG uptake of all lymphoma manifestations (mean-SUVAI). High mean-SUVAI uptake was determined separately for iPET-positive and iPET-negative patients. The endpoint was time-to-progression (TTP). There was a significant interaction of additional rituximab and mean-SUVAI in the iPET-negative group (HR = 0.6, p < 0.05). Patients with high mean-SUVAI had significantly prolonged TTP when treated with 6xR-CHOP + 2 R (not reached versus 52 months, p < 0.05), whereas max-SUVmanual failed to show an impact of additional rituximab. In the iPET-positive group, patients with high mean-SUVAI had a significantly longer TTP with (R-)CHOP than with the Burkitt protocol (14 versus 4 months, p < 0.01). Comprehensive iPET evaluation may provide new prognosticators in aggressive lymphoma. Additional application of rituximab was associated with prolonged TTP in iPET-negative patients with high mean-SUVAI. Comprehensive iPET interpretation could identify high-risk patients who benefit from study-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seifert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - David Kersting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Sandach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justin Ferdinandus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kambiz Rahbar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Weckesser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lale Umutlu
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hanoun
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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8
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Mikhaeel NG, Heymans MW, Eertink JJ, de Vet HC, Boellaard R, Dührsen U, Ceriani L, Schmitz C, Wiegers SE, Hüttmann A, Lugtenburg PJ, Zucca E, Zwezerijnen GJ, Hoekstra OS, Zijlstra JM, Barrington SF. Proposed New Dynamic Prognostic Index for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: International Metabolic Prognostic Index. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2352-2360. [PMID: 35357901 PMCID: PMC9287279 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is a promising biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Our aims were to determine the best statistical relationship between MTV and survival and to compare MTV with the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and its individual components to derive the best prognostic model. METHODS PET scans and clinical data were included from five published studies in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Transformations of MTV were compared with the primary end points of 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to derive the best relationship for further analyses. MTV was compared with IPI categories and individual components to derive the best model. Patients were grouped into three groups for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier analysis; 10% at highest risk, 30% intermediate risk, and 60% lowest risk, corresponding with expected clinical outcome. Validation of the best model was performed using four studies as a test set and the fifth study for validation and repeated five times. RESULTS The best relationship for MTV and survival was a linear spline model with one knot located at the median MTV value of 307.9 cm3. MTV was a better predictor than IPI for PFS and OS. The best model combined MTV with age as continuous variables and individual stage as I-IV. The MTV-age-stage model performed better than IPI and was also better at defining a high-risk group (3-year PFS 46.3% v 58.0% and 3-year OS 51.5% v 66.4% for the new model and IPI, respectively). A regression formula was derived to estimate individual patient survival probabilities. CONCLUSION A new prognostic index is proposed using MTV, age, and stage, which outperforms IPI and enables individualized estimates of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. George Mikhaeel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn W. Heymans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakoba J. Eertink
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrica C.W. de Vet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Ceriani
- Department of Oncology, IOSI—Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK—Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sanne E. Wiegers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pieternella J. Lugtenburg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Department of Oncology, IOSI—Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK—Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerben J.C. Zwezerijnen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto S. Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josée M. Zijlstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sally F. Barrington
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's Health Partners, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Mikhaeel NG, Heymans MW, Eertink JJ, de Vet HCW, Boellaard R, Dührsen U, Ceriani L, Schmitz C, Wiegers SE, Hüttmann A, Lugtenburg PJ, Zucca E, Zwezerijnen GJC, Hoekstra OS, Zijlstra JM, Barrington SF. Proposed New Dynamic Prognostic Index for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: International Metabolic Prognostic Index. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2352-2360. [PMID: 35357901 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02063:jco2102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is a promising biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Our aims were to determine the best statistical relationship between MTV and survival and to compare MTV with the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and its individual components to derive the best prognostic model. METHODS PET scans and clinical data were included from five published studies in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Transformations of MTV were compared with the primary end points of 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to derive the best relationship for further analyses. MTV was compared with IPI categories and individual components to derive the best model. Patients were grouped into three groups for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier analysis; 10% at highest risk, 30% intermediate risk, and 60% lowest risk, corresponding with expected clinical outcome. Validation of the best model was performed using four studies as a test set and the fifth study for validation and repeated five times. RESULTS The best relationship for MTV and survival was a linear spline model with one knot located at the median MTV value of 307.9 cm3. MTV was a better predictor than IPI for PFS and OS. The best model combined MTV with age as continuous variables and individual stage as I-IV. The MTV-age-stage model performed better than IPI and was also better at defining a high-risk group (3-year PFS 46.3% v 58.0% and 3-year OS 51.5% v 66.4% for the new model and IPI, respectively). A regression formula was derived to estimate individual patient survival probabilities. CONCLUSION A new prognostic index is proposed using MTV, age, and stage, which outperforms IPI and enables individualized estimates of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N George Mikhaeel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre and School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jakoba J Eertink
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrica C W de Vet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Luca Ceriani
- Department of Oncology, IOSI-Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK-Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sanne E Wiegers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pieternella J Lugtenburg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Department of Oncology, IOSI-Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- SAKK-Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto S Hoekstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sally F Barrington
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's Health Partners, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Sasse S, Bröckelmann PJ, Momotow J, Plütschow A, Hüttmann A, Basara N, Koenecke C, Martin S, Bentz M, Grosse-Thie C, Thorspecken S, de Wit M, Kobe C, Dietlein M, Tresckow BV, Fuchs M, Borchmann P, Engert A. AFM13 in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of an open-label, randomized, multicenter phase II trial. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1871-1878. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2095623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sasse
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Maria Hilf Hospital Moenchengladbach, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Paul Jan Bröckelmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jesko Momotow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annette Plütschow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Koenecke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Martin
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Bentz
- Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christina Grosse-Thie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic III – Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Thorspecken
- Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Hospital Schwabing, München, Germany
| | - Maike de Wit
- Department of Medicine – Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Vivantes Hospital Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Dietlein
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Greuter M, Eertink JJ, Jongeneel G, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Schmitz C, Lugtenburg PJ, Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Ceriani L, Zucca E, Carr R, Györke T, Burggraaff CN, de Vet H, Hoekstra OS, Zijlstra JM, Coupé V. Cost-Effectiveness of Shortening Treatment Duration Based on Interim PET Outcome in Patients With Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2022; 22:382-392. [PMID: 34953740 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guideline recommendations for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment are shifting from long to short treatment duration, although it is still unclear whether shortening treatment duration does not cause any harm. As interim PET (I-PET) has high negative predictive value for progression, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of shortening treatment duration dependent on I-PET result. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a Markov cohort model using the PET Re-Analysis (PETRA) database to evaluate a long treatment duration (LTD) strategy, ie 8x R-CHOP or 6x R-CHOP plus 2 R, and a short treatment duration (STD) strategy, ie 6x R-CHOP. Strategies were evaluated separately in I-PET2 positive and I-PET2 negative patients. Outcomes included total costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per patient (pp) from a societal perspective. Net monetary benefit (NMB) per strategy was calculated using a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000/QALY. Robustness of model predictions was assessed in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In I-PET2 positive patients, shortening treatment duration led to 50.4 additional deaths per 1000 patients. The STD strategy was less effective (-0.161 [95%CI: -0.343;0.028] QALYs pp) and less costly (-€2768 [95%CI: -€8420;€1105] pp). Shortening treatment duration was not cost-effective (incremental NMB -€5281). In I-PET2 negative patients, shortening treatment duration led to 5.0 additional deaths per 1000 patients and a minor difference in effectiveness (-0.007 [95%CI: -0.136;0.140] QALY pp). The STD strategy was less costly (-€5807 [95%CI: -€10,724;-€2685] pp) and led to an incremental NMB of €5449, indicating that it is cost-effective to shorten treatment duration. Robustness of these findings was underpinned by deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Treatment duration should not be shortened in I-PET2 positive patients whereas it is cost-effective to shorten treatment duration in I-PET2 negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mje Greuter
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands..
| | - J J Eertink
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Jongeneel
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P J Lugtenburg
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, department of Hematology, The Netherlands
| | - S F Barrington
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's Health Partners, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N G Mikhaeel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's Cancer Centre and King's College London University, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Ceriani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, IIMSI - Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland;; SAKK - Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Zucca
- SAKK - Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Clinics, IOSI - Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - R Carr
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and Cancer Division, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Györke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C N Burggraaff
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hcw de Vet
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O S Hoekstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Zijlstra
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vmh Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Momotow J, Bühnen I, Trautmann-Grill K, Kobbe G, Hahn D, Schroers R, Heinrich B, Gaska T, Forstbauer H, Schmidt B, Boger R, Hüttmann A, Heil G, Kraemer DM, Krüger W, Zeremski V, Grobe N, Jentsch-Ullrich K, Griesinger F, Fuchs M, von Tresckow B, Borchmann P, Engert A, Bröckelmann PJ. Outcomes of anti-programmed death 1 treatment for relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: A German Hodgkin Study Group multicentre real-world analysis. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:401-404. [PMID: 35538912 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesko Momotow
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Bühnen
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Guido Kobbe
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Hahn
- Stuttgart General Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Heinrich
- Hämatologisch-onkologische Praxis Heinrich/Bangerter, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gaska
- Brüderkrankenhaus St. Josef Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | | | - Regina Boger
- Hospital Schwarzwald-Baar, Villingen Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - William Krüger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin C - Hämatologie, Onkologie, Stammzelltransplantation, Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vanja Zeremski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Grobe
- Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Fuchs
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul J Bröckelmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany.,Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Hess G, Hüttmann A, Witzens-Harig M, Dreyling MH, Keller U, Marks R, Ernst T, Pott C, Viardot A, Frontzek F, Trautmann M, Ruckes C, Deuster O, Rosenwald A, Theobald M, Lenz G. A phase II trial to evaluate the combination of pixantrone and obinutuzumab for patients with relapsed aggressive lymphoma: Final results of the prospective, multicentre GOAL trial. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:482-491. [PMID: 35362552 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains poor with current options. Here we prospectively evaluated the combination of pixantrone with obinutuzumab for up to six cycles for patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL. Overall response rate (ORR) was the primary end-point. Sixty-eight patients were evaluated, median age was 75 years, median number of prior lines was three (range 1-10), 52 patients (76.5%) were diagnosed with DLBCL and 16 (23.5%) patients had transformed indolent lymphoma or follicular lymphoma (FL) IIIB. ORR was 35.3% for all and 40% for evaluable patients (16.6% complete response), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 2.8 months and 8 months, respectively. Analysis of the cell of origin revealed a superior course for patients with non-GCB (germinal centre B-cell-like) phenotype [median OS not reached (n.r.) vs 5.2 months]. Patients with one prior line had an improved outcome over patients treated in later lines (PFS n.r. vs 2.5 months). Disease progression was the main reason for premature termination. Adverse events were mainly haematologic. The combination treatment revealed no unexpected adverse events. Most relevant non-haematologic toxicity was infection in 28% of patients. In summary, pixantrone-obinutuzumab showed clinical activity with sometimes long-term remission; however, the trial failed to meet its primary end-point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hess
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Witzens-Harig
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin H Dreyling
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Marks
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Pott
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Frontzek
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Deuster
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Trials (IZKS), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Bachy E, Camus V, Thieblemont C, Sibon D, Casasnovas RO, Ysebaert L, Damaj G, Guidez S, Pica GM, Kim WS, Lim ST, André M, García-Sancho AM, Penarrubia MJ, Staber PB, Trotman J, Hüttmann A, Stefoni V, Re A, Gaulard P, Delfau-Larue MH, de Leval L, Meignan M, Li J, Morschhauser F, Delarue R. Romidepsin Plus CHOP Versus CHOP in Patients With Previously Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: Results of the Ro-CHOP Phase III Study (Conducted by LYSA). J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:242-251. [PMID: 34843406 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Romidepsin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has demonstrated activity in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) as a single agent. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) therapy is widely used as first-line treatment of PTCL; however, it has limited efficacy. Results from a phase Ib and II study showed the feasibility of combining romidepsin with CHOP (Ro-CHOP). METHODS This study is a randomized phase III study of Ro-CHOP versus CHOP in adult patients with previously untreated PTCL. All patients received CHOP in 3-week cycles for six cycles. Romidepsin, 12 mg/m2, was administered intravenously over a 4-hour period on days 1 and 8 of each 3-week cycle for six cycles. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) according to International Working Group 1999 criteria. RESULTS Between January 2013 and December 2017, 421 patients were enrolled (Ro-CHOP, n = 211; CHOP, n = 210). The median PFS for Ro-CHOP versus CHOP was 12.0 months (95% CI, 9.0 to 25.8) versus 10.2 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 13.2) with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (P = .096). In the Ro-CHOP versus CHOP arms, the median overall survival was 51.8 versus 42.9 months and the objective response rate was 63% versus 60% with complete response plus unconfirmed complete response rates of 41% versus 37% (P > .1 in all comparisons), respectively. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurring in ≥ 30% of patients in the Ro-CHOP arm included thrombocytopenia (50% v 10% in the Ro-CHOP v CHOP arms, respectively), neutropenia (49% v 33%), anemia (47% v 17%), and leukopenia (32% v 20%). CONCLUSION The addition of romidepsin to CHOP did not improve PFS, response rates, nor overall survival and increased the frequency for grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events. Ro-CHOP does not represent a significant advance in the standard of care for patients with previously untreated PTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bachy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Camus
- Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d'hémato-oncologie, DMU DHI, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Sibon
- Service d'Hématologie adultes, Hopital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gandhi Damaj
- Hematology Institute, University Hospital, Normandy University, School of Medicine, Caen, France
| | | | - Gian Matteo Pica
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | | | | | - Marc André
- Department of Hematology, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | | | | | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Trotman
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, Australia
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Alessandro Re
- Hematology Division, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Department of Pathology and Inserm U955, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Meignan
- LYSA Imaging, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Ju Li
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 - GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Richard Delarue
- Service d'Hématologie adultes, Hopital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Celgene, a Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Boudry, Switzerland
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15
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Horwitz S, O'Connor OA, Pro B, Trümper L, Iyer S, Advani R, Bartlett NL, Christensen JH, Morschhauser F, Domingo-Domenech E, Rossi G, Kim WS, Feldman T, Menne T, Belada D, Illés Á, Tobinai K, Tsukasaki K, Yeh SP, Shustov A, Hüttmann A, Savage KJ, Yuen S, Zinzani PL, Miao H, Bunn V, Fenton K, Fanale M, Puhlmann M, Illidge T. The ECHELON-2 Trial: 5-year results of a randomized, phase 3 study of brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2021; 33:288-298. [PMID: 34921960 PMCID: PMC9447792 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: For patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), outcomes using frontline treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like therapy are typically poor. The ECHELON-2 study demonstrated that brentuximab vedotin plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (A+CHP) exhibited statistically superior progression-free survival (PFS) per independent central review and improvements in overall survival versus CHOP for the frontline treatment of patients with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma or other CD30-positive PTCL. Patients and methods: ECHELON-2 is a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, placebo-controlled, active-comparator phase III study. We present an exploratory update of the ECHELON-2 study, including an analysis of 5-year PFS per investigator in the intent-to-treat analysis group. Results: A total of 452 patients were randomized (1 : 1) to six or eight cycles of A+CHP (N = 226) or CHOP (N = 226). At median follow-up of 47.6 months, 5-year PFS rates were 51.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 42.8% to 59.4%] with A+CHP versus 43.0% (95% CI: 35.8% to 50.0%) with CHOP (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53–0.91), and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 70.1% (95% CI: 63.3% to 75.9%) with A+CHP versus 61.0% (95% CI: 54.0% to 67.3%) with CHOP (hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.99). Both PFS and OS were generally consistent across key subgroups. Peripheral neuropathy was resolved or improved in 72% (84/117) of patients in the A+CHP arm and 78% (97/124) in the CHOP arm. Among patients who relapsed and subsequently received brentuximab vedotin, the objective response rate was 59% with brentuximab vedotin retreatment after A+CHP and 50% with subsequent brentuximab vedotin after CHOP. Conclusions: In this 5-year update of ECHELON-2, frontline treatment of patients with PTCL with A+CHP continues to provide clinically meaningful improvement in PFS and OS versus CHOP, with a manageable safety profile, including continued resolution or improvement of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horwitz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
| | - O A O'Connor
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - B Pro
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Trümper
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Iyer
- MD Anderson Cancer Center/University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Advani
- Stanford Cancer Center, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Stanford, California, USA
| | - N L Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - E Domingo-Domenech
- Institut Catala D'oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Rossi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - W S Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Feldman
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack Meridian Health School of Medicine, Hackensack NJ
| | - T Menne
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - D Belada
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic and Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Á Illés
- Debreceni Egyetem, Debrecen, Hajdu-Bihar, Hungary
| | - K Tobinai
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tsukasaki
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - S-P Yeh
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - A Shustov
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Hüttmann
- Universitatsklinikum Essen, Essen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - K J Savage
- Department of Medical Oncology and University of British Columbia, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Yuen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Australia
| | - P L Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli"; Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - H Miao
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Limited
| | - V Bunn
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Limited
| | - K Fenton
- Seagen Inc., Bothell, Washington, USA
| | - M Fanale
- Seagen Inc., Bothell, Washington, USA
| | | | - T Illidge
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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16
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Kurtz DM, Soo J, Co Ting Keh L, Alig S, Chabon JJ, Sworder BJ, Schultz A, Jin MC, Scherer F, Garofalo A, Macaulay CW, Hamilton EG, Chen B, Olsen M, Schroers-Martin JG, Craig AFM, Moding EJ, Esfahani MS, Liu CL, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Casasnovas RO, Westin JR, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Enhanced detection of minimal residual disease by targeted sequencing of phased variants in circulating tumor DNA. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1537-1547. [PMID: 34294911 PMCID: PMC8678141 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker for many cancers, but the limited sensitivity of current detection methods reduces its utility for diagnosing minimal residual disease. Here we describe phased variant enrichment and detection sequencing (PhasED-seq), a method that uses multiple somatic mutations in individual DNA fragments to improve the sensitivity of ctDNA detection. Leveraging whole-genome sequences from 2,538 tumors, we identify phased variants and their associations with mutational signatures. We show that even without molecular barcodes, the limits of detection of PhasED-seq outperform prior methods, including duplex barcoding, allowing ctDNA detection in the ppm range in participant samples. We profiled 678 specimens from 213 participants with B cell lymphomas, including serial cell-free DNA samples before and during therapy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In participants with undetectable ctDNA after two cycles of therapy using a next-generation sequencing-based approach termed cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing, an additional 25% have ctDNA detectable by PhasED-seq and have worse outcomes. Finally, we demonstrate the application of PhasED-seq to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kurtz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Soo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lyron Co Ting Keh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Alig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacob J Chabon
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Foresight Diagnostics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian J Sworder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Jin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Scherer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Garofalo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles W Macaulay
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily G Hamilton
- Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Binbin Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mari Olsen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Schroers-Martin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander F M Craig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett J Moding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Esfahani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chih Long Liu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Gillessen S, Hüttmann A, Vucinic V, Müller H, Plütschow A, Viardot A, Topp MS, Kobe C, Böll B, Eichenauer DA, Sasse S, Haverkamp H, Schmitz C, Borchmann S, Bröckelmann PJ, Heger JM, Fuchs M, Engert A, Borchmann P, von Tresckow B. Reinduction therapy with everolimus in combination with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabin and cisplatinum in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: an experimental phase I/II multicentre trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG HD-R3i). Br J Haematol 2021; 196:606-616. [PMID: 34775591 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reinduction chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDCT + ASCT) is second-line standard of care for transplant-eligible patients with relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r cHL) but has a high failure rate. Because response to reinduction is predictive of the outcome after HDCT + ASCT, we aimed to improve the standard dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine and cisplatinum (DHAP) reinduction regimen by addition of the oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (everDHAP). Transplant-eligible patients aged 18-60 years with histologically confirmed r/r cHL were included in this experimental phase I/II trial. Everolimus (10 mg/day, determined in phase-I-part) was administered on day 0-13 of each DHAP cycle. From July 2014 to March 2018, 50 patients were recruited to the phase II everDHAP group; two were not evaluable, three discontinued due to toxicity. Randomization to a placebo group stopped in October 2015 due to poor recruitment after nine patients. The primary end-point of computed tomography (CT)-based complete remission (CR) after two cycles of everDHAP was expected to be ≥40%. With a CT-based CR rate of 27% (n = 12/45) after two cycles of everDHAP the trial did not meet the primary end-point. Adding everolimus to DHAP is thus feasible; however, the everDHAP regimen failed to show an improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gillessen
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Horst Müller
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annette Plütschow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Viardot
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max S Topp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris Böll
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis A Eichenauer
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sasse
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Department IV of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heinz Haverkamp
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Borchmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul J Bröckelmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Michel Heger
- Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation and Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Altmann B, Held G, Angel S, Stilgenbauer S, Thurner L, Bewarder M, Schwier M, Pfreundschuh M, Löffler M, Menhart K, Grosse J, Ziepert M, Herrmann K, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Barbato F, Poeschel V, Hellwig D. FDG PET/CT to detect bone marrow involvement in the initial staging of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results from the prospective, multicenter PETAL and OPTIMAL>60 trials. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3550-3559. [PMID: 33928400 PMCID: PMC8440256 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is the standard for staging aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Limited data from prospective studies is available to determine whether initial staging by FDG PET/CT provides treatment-relevant information of bone marrow (BM) involvement (BMI) and thus could spare BM biopsy (BMB). METHODS Patients from PETAL (NCT00554164) and OPTIMAL>60 (NCT01478542) with aggressive B-cell NHL initially staged by FDG PET/CT and BMB were included in this pooled analysis. The reference standard to confirm BMI included a positive BMB and/or FDG PET/CT confirmed by targeted biopsy, complementary imaging (CT or magnetic resonance imaging), or concurrent disappearance of focal FDG-avid BM lesions with other lymphoma manifestations during immunochemotherapy. RESULTS Among 930 patients, BMI was detected by BMB in 85 (prevalence 9%) and by FDG PET/CT in 185 (20%) cases, for a total of 221 cases (24%). All 185 PET-positive cases were true positive, and 709 of 745 PET-negative cases were true negative. For BMB and FDG PET/CT, sensitivity was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32-45%) and 84% (CI: 78-88%), specificity 100% (CI: 99-100%) and 100% (CI: 99-100%), positive predictive value 100% (CI: 96-100%) and 100% (CI: 98-100%), and negative predictive value 84% (CI: 81-86%) and 95% (CI: 93-97%), respectively. In all of the 36 PET-negative cases with confirmed BMI patients had other adverse factors according to IPI that precluded a change of standard treatment. Thus, the BMB would not have influenced the patient management. CONCLUSION In patients with aggressive B-cell NHL, routine BMB provides no critical staging information compared to FDG PET/CT and could therefore be omitted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00554164 and NCT01478542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaddu-Mulindwa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Altmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Held
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Angel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maren Schwier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Pfreundschuh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Menhart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jirka Grosse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marita Ziepert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Barbato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Viola Poeschel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical School, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hellwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Kurch L, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Georgi TW, Sabri O, Kluge R, Hasenclever D. Quantitative evaluation of interim positron emission tomography in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:90. [PMID: 34523055 PMCID: PMC8440745 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interim [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography predicts outcome in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We compared two quantitative evaluation methods. METHODS Interim scans from 43 patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative PTCL from the 'Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas' trial were re-analyzed by qPET (relating residual lymphoma-related uptake to liver uptake) and ∆SUVmax (relating interim scan to baseline scan). The endpoint was progression-free survival. RESULTS qPET and ∆SUVmax were closely correlated (Pearson's r = 0.627). Up to the 60th percentile of values ranked by increasing residual activity, the positive predictive value for progression or death increased from 60 to 95%, with stable negative predictive values (NPV) of 60%. Beyond the 60th percentile, the NPV decreased to 40%. qPET ≥ 2 and ∆SUVmax < 50% identified high-risk populations comprising 41.9% and 39.5% of patients, with 3-year progression-free survival rates of 5.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.8-37.3) and 0%, respectively, as compared to 63.7% (47.4-85.8) and 61.3% (45.1-83.3) in low-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS qPET and ∆SUVmax identify large fractions of PTCL patients destined to experience treatment failure. qPET may be preferred because it requires a single PET scan, halving the diagnostic effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kurch
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Klinik Für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Klinik Für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas W Georgi
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Regine Kluge
- Klinik Und Poliklinik Für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- Institut Für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik Und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Denker S, Bittner A, Frick M, Kase J, Hoffmann J, Trenker C, Keller U, Bogner C, Hüttmann A, Dürig J, Janz M, Mathas S, Marks R, Krohn U, Na IK, Bullinger L, Schmitt CA. Ibrutinib- and bortezomib-extended R-CHOP induction in elderly higher-risk patients newly diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - first analysis of toxicity and efficacy signals. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 63:84-92. [PMID: 34414850 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1964024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy. About 30-40% of the patients will not be cured by standard Rituximab (R)-CHOP-like immune-chemotherapy, and many of them experience relapse and eventually succumb to their disease. Enhancing first-line efficacy in patients at higher risk, among them many elderly, is key to improve long-term outcomes. Numerous attempts to combine R-CHOP with targeted agents failed in large randomized phase III trials. The addition of Ibrutinib enhanced survival in younger patients, but increased toxicity across all age groups, especially in the elderly. Older DLBCL patients impose particular challenges, since they often present with more advanced disease, and exhibit treatment-relevant comorbidities. ImbruVeRCHOP trial aims at identifying patients who need that benefit from rationally augmented first-line regimens without experiencing overt toxicity and detecting their molecular signatures of response. This first analysis presents encouraging feasibility, safety, and preliminary response data in elderly high-risk DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophy Denker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aitomi Bittner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Frick
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kase
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hoffmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Trenker
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bogner
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Janz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Marks
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krohn
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Department of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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21
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Kurtz DM, Chabon JJ, Soo J, Co Ting Keh L, Alig S, Schultz A, Jin MC, Scherer F, Craig AFM, Liu CL, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Casasnovas R, Westin JR, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. PHASED VARIANTS IMPROVE DLBCL MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE DETECTION AT THE END OF THERAPY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.25_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M Kurtz
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - J. J Chabon
- Foresight Diagnostics Research and Development Aurora Colorado USA
| | - J Soo
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - L Co Ting Keh
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - S Alig
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - A Schultz
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - M. C Jin
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - F Scherer
- Freiburg University Medical Center Hematology Freiburg Germany
| | - A. F. M Craig
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - C. L Liu
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - U Dührsen
- University Hospital Essen Hematology Essen Germany
| | - A Hüttmann
- University Hospital Essen Hematology Essen Germany
| | - R.‐O Casasnovas
- Hopital F. Mitterrand CHU. Dijon and INSERM 1231 Hematology Dijon France
| | - J. R Westin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma Houston Texas USA
| | - M Roschewski
- National Cancer Institute Lymphoid Malignancies Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - W. H Wilson
- National Cancer Institute Lymphoid Malignancies Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - G Gaidano
- University of Eastern Piedmont Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine Novara Italy
| | - D Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research Hematology Bellinzona Switzerland
| | - M Diehn
- Stanford University Radiation Oncology Stanford California USA
| | - A. A Alizadeh
- Stanford University, Medicine Division of Oncology Stanford California USA
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22
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Boegeholz J, Alig S, Sworder B, Macaulay C, Craig A, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Miklos D, Frank M, Diehn M, Kurtz D, Alizadeh A. CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INFERIOR PROGNOSIS IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.23_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Alig
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
| | - B Sworder
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
| | - C Macaulay
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
| | - A Craig
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
| | - U Dührsen
- University Hospital Essen Hematology Essen Germany
| | - A Hüttmann
- University Hospital Essen Hematology Essen Germany
| | - D Miklos
- Stanford University BMT and Cell Therapy Stanford USA
| | - M Frank
- Stanford University BMT and Cell Therapy Stanford USA
| | - M Diehn
- Stanford University Radiation Oncology Stanford USA
| | - D Kurtz
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
| | - A Alizadeh
- Stanford University Oncology Stanford USA
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23
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Martelli M, Zucca E, Botto B, Kryachok I, Ceriani L, Balzarotti M, Tucci A, Cabras MG, Zilioli VR, Rusconi C, Angrilli F, Arcaini L, Iwanicka AD, Ferreri A, Merli F, Zhao W, Hodgson D, Ionescu C, Fosså A, Cwynarski K, Mikhaeel G, Jerkeman M, Janikova A, Hüttmann A, Ciccone G, Metser U, Barrington S, Malkowski B, Versari A, Esposito F, Cozens K, Ielmini N, Ricardi R, Cavalli F, Johnson P, Davies A. IMPACT OF DIFFERENT INDUCTION REGIMENS ON THE OUTCOME OF PRIMARY MEDIASTINAL B CELL LYMPHOMA IN THE PROSPECTIVE IELSG 37 TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.49_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Alig S, Macaulay CW, Kurtz DM, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Schmitz C, Jin MC, Sworder BJ, Garofalo A, Shahrokh Esfahani M, Nabet BY, Soo J, Scherer F, Craig AFM, Casasnovas O, Westin JR, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Meignan M, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Short Diagnosis-to-Treatment Interval Is Associated With Higher Circulating Tumor DNA Levels in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2605-2616. [PMID: 33909455 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in need of immediate therapy are largely under-represented in clinical trials. The diagnosis-to-treatment interval (DTI) has recently been described as a metric to quantify such patient selection bias, with short DTI being associated with adverse risk factors and inferior outcomes. Here, we characterized the relationships between DTI, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), conventional risk factors, and clinical outcomes, with the goal of defining objective disease metrics contributing to selection bias. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated pretreatment ctDNA levels in 267 patients with DLBCL treated across multiple centers in Europe and the United States using Cancer Personalized Profiling by Deep Sequencing. Pretreatment ctDNA levels were correlated with DTI, total metabolic tumor volumes (TMTVs), the International Prognostic Index (IPI), and outcome. RESULTS Short DTI was associated with advanced-stage disease (P < .001) and higher IPI (P < .001). We also found an inverse correlation between DTI and TMTV (RS = -0.37; P < .001). Similarly, pretreatment ctDNA levels were significantly associated with stage, IPI, and TMTV (all P < .001), demonstrating that both DTI and ctDNA reflect disease burden. Notably, patients with shorter DTI had higher pretreatment ctDNA levels (P < .001). Pretreatment ctDNA levels predicted short DTI independent of the IPI (P < .001). Although each risk factor was significantly associated with event-free survival in univariable analysis, ctDNA level was prognostic of event-free survival independent of DTI and IPI in multivariable Cox regression (ctDNA: hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI [1.2 to 2.0]; IPI: 1.1 [0.9 to 1.3]; -DTI: 1.1 [1.0 to 1.2]). CONCLUSION Short DTI largely reflects baseline tumor burden, which can be objectively measured using pretreatment ctDNA levels. Pretreatment ctDNA levels therefore have utility for quantifying and guarding against selection biases in prospective DLBCL clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Alig
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Charles W Macaulay
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - David M Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael C Jin
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brian J Sworder
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrea Garofalo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Barzin Y Nabet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
| | - Joanne Soo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Florian Scherer
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Department Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander F M Craig
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- Hematology Department, University Hospital F. Mitterrand and Inserm UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mark Roschewski
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Hüttmann A, Heidt V, Bender D, Wörsdörfer E. Core design for the boiling water reactor SWR 1000 / Nukleare Kernauslegung für den Siedewasserreaktor SWR 1000. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-1996-615-610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Borchmann P, Plütschow A, Kobe C, Greil R, Meissner J, Topp MS, Ostermann H, Dierlamm J, Mohm J, Thiemer J, Sökler M, Kerkhoff A, Ahlborn M, Halbsguth TV, Martin S, Keller U, Balabanov S, Pabst T, Vogelhuber M, Hüttmann A, Wilhelm M, Zijlstra JM, Moccia A, Kuhnert G, Bröckelmann PJ, von Tresckow B, Fuchs M, Klimm B, Rosenwald A, Eich H, Baues C, Marnitz S, Hallek M, Diehl V, Dietlein M, Engert A. PET-guided omission of radiotherapy in early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma (GHSG HD17): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:223-234. [PMID: 33539742 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined-modality treatment consisting of chemotherapy and consolidation radiotherapy is standard of care for patients with early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the use of radiotherapy can have long-term sequelae, which is of particular concern, as Hodgkin lymphoma is frequently diagnosed in young adults with a median age of approximately 30 years. In the German Hodgkin Study Group HD17 trial, we investigated whether radiotherapy can be omitted without loss of efficacy in patients who have a complete metabolic response after receiving two cycles of escalated doses of etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, and regular doses of bleomycin, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (eBEACOPP) plus two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy (2 + 2). METHODS In this multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial, patients (aged 18-60 years) with newly diagnosed early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma (all histologies) and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less were enrolled at 224 hospitals and private practices in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the Netherlands. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either standard combined-modality treatment, consisting of the 2 + 2 regimen (eBEACOPP consisted of 1250 mg/m2 intravenous cyclophosphamide on day 1, 35 mg/m2 intravenous doxorubicin on day 1, 200 mg/m2 intravenous etoposide on days 1-3, 100 mg/m2 oral procarbazine on days 1-7, 40 mg/m2 oral prednisone on days 1-14, 1·4 mg/m2 intravenous vincristine on day 8 [maximum dose of 2 mg per cycle], and 10 mg/m2 intravenous bleomycin on day 8; ABVD consisted of 25 mg/m2 intravenous doxorubicin, 10 mg/m2 intravenous bleomycin, 6 mg/m2 intravenous vinblastine, and 375 mg/m2 intravenous dacarbazine, all given on days 1 and 15) followed by 30 Gy involved-field radiotherapy (standard combined-modality treatment group) or PET4-guided treatment, consisting of the 2 + 2 regimen followed by 30 Gy of involved-node radiotherapy only in patients with positive PET at the end of four cycles of chemotherapy (PET4; PET4-guided treatment group). Randomisation was done centrally and used the minimisation method and seven stratification factors (centre, age, sex, clinical symptoms, disease localisation, albumin concentration, and bulky disease), and patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation until central review of the PET4 examination had been completed. With the final analysis presented here, the primary objective was to show non-inferiority of the PET4-guided strategy in a per-protocol analysis of the primary endpoint of progression-free survival. We defined non-inferiority as an absolute difference of 8% in the 5-year progression-free survival estimates between the two groups. Safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01356680. FINDINGS Between Jan 13, 2012, and March 21, 2017, we enrolled and randomly assigned 1100 patients to the standard combined-modality treatment group (n=548) or to the PET4-guided treatment group (n=552); two patients in each group were found ineligible after randomisation. At a median follow-up of 46·2 months (IQR 32·7-61·2), 5-year progression-free survival was 97·3% (95% CI 94·5-98·7) in the standard combined-modality treatment group and 95·1% (92·0-97·0) in the PET4-guided treatment group (hazard ratio 0·523 [95% CI 0·226-1·211]). The between-group difference was 2·2% (95% CI -0·9 to 5·3) and excluded the non-inferiority margin of 8%. The most common grade 3 or 4 acute haematological adverse events were leucopenia (436 [83%] of 528 patients in the standard combined-modality treatment group vs 443 [84%] of 529 patients in the PET4-guided treatment group) and thrombocytopenia (139 [26%] vs 176 [33%]), and the most frequent acute non-haematological toxic effects were infection (32 [6%] vs 40 [8%]) and nausea or vomiting (38 [7%] vs 29 [6%]). The most common acute radiotherapy-associated adverse events were dysphagia (26 [6%] in the standard combined-modality treatment group vs three [2%] in the PET4-guided treatment group) and mucositis (nine [2%] vs none). 229 serious adverse events were reported by 161 (29%) of 546 patients in the combined-modality treatment group, and 235 serious adverse events were reported by 164 (30%) of 550 patients in the PET4-guided treatment group. One suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction (infection) leading to death was reported in the PET4-guided treatment group. INTERPRETATION PET4-negativity after treatment with 2 + 2 chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage unfavourable Hodgkin lymphoma allows omission of consolidation radiotherapy without a clinically relevant loss of efficacy. PET4-guided therapy could thereby reduce the proportion of patients at risk of the late effects of radiotherapy. FUNDING Deutsche Krebshilfe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Borchmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annette Plütschow
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Richard Greil
- Illrd Medical Department, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg Austria; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute and AGMT, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Meissner
- Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max S Topp
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Judith Dierlamm
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Thiemer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sökler
- Innere Medizin II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Medizinische Klinik A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Ahlborn
- Medizinische Klinik III, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Teresa V Halbsguth
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sonja Martin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Medical Oncology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Vogelhuber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Wilhelm
- Klinikum Nurnberg and Paracelsus Medical University, Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alden Moccia
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kuhnert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul J Bröckelmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Klimm
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Gastroenterologie, Kliniken Maria Hilf, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Eich
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiooncology and Cyberknife Center, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Marnitz
- Department of Radiooncology and Cyberknife Center, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Diehl
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Dietlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Bröckelmann PJ, Goergen H, Keller U, Meissner J, Ordemann R, Halbsguth TV, Sasse S, Sökler M, Kerkhoff A, Mathas S, Hüttmann A, Bormann M, Zimmermann A, Mettler J, Fuchs M, von Tresckow B, Baues C, Rosenwald A, Klapper W, Kobe C, Borchmann P, Engert A. Efficacy of Nivolumab and AVD in Early-Stage Unfavorable Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Randomized Phase 2 German Hodgkin Study Group NIVAHL Trial. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:872-880. [PMID: 32352505 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance In early-stage unfavorable classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), conventional therapy induces high cure rates but also relevant acute and long-term toxic effects. Nivolumab is well tolerated and highly effective in relapsed/refractory cHL but has not been adequately studied in first-line treatment of early-stage cHL. The NIVAHL trial evaluated nivolumab in this setting with the aim to develop a highly effective yet tolerable systemic therapy to ultimately mitigate morbidity in patients who survive cHL. Objective To evaluate efficacy of 2 experimental nivolumab-based first-line treatment strategies in patients with early-stage unfavorable cHL. Design, Setting, and Participants This was an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 randomized clinical trial, open between April 2017 and October 2018. The trial took place at 35 trial centers across Germany, ranging from academic centers to private offices. Eligibility was defined by age 18 to 60 years, cHL confirmed by expert pathology review, early-stage unfavorable disease by German Hodgkin Study Group criteria (stage I to II with risk factor[s]), and absence of serious concomitant disease or organ dysfunction. Among 110 enrolled patients, 109 were eligible. Interventions Systemic therapy, per random assignment (1:1) to either concomitant treatment with 4 cycles of nivolumab and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (N-AVD) or sequential treatment with 4 doses of nivolumab, 2 cycles of N-AVD, and 2 cycles of AVD at standard doses, followed by 30-Gy involved-site radiotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Complete remission (CR) rate after study treatment, aiming at excluding a CR rate of 80% or lower via a 2-sided 95% CI for each treatment group. Results Of 109 patients included in this study, 65 (59.6%) were women, and the median (range) age was 27 (18-60) years. At interim staging after 2 cycles of N-AVD or 4 doses of nivolumab monotherapy, 54 of 54 (100%) and 49 of 51 (96%) response-eligible patients, respectively, achieved an objective response, with CR in 47 (87%) and 26 (51%) patients, respectively. Among 101 patients eligible for primary end point analysis, 46 of 51 (90%; 95% CI, 79%-97%) patients receiving concomitant therapy and 47 of 50 (94%; 95% CI, 84%-99%) patients receiving sequential therapy achieved CR after study treatment. With a median follow-up of 13 months, 12-month progression-free survival was 100% for patients receiving concomitant treatment and 98% (95% CI, 95%-100%) for patients receiving sequential therapy. Conclusions and Relevance Both strategies combining nivolumab and AVD are feasible and resulted in high remission rates. Despite narrowly missing the efficacy benchmark in the concomitant group, the excellent 12-month progression-free survival and the unexpectedly high CR rate after 4 doses of nivolumab monotherapy warrant further evaluation of this approach in the first-line treatment of patients with early-stage cHL. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03004833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bröckelmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Goergen
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU München, Internal Medicine III, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Meissner
- Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Ordemann
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Teresa V Halbsguth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sasse
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Kerkhoff
- Medizinische Klinik A, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Mathas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mettler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Radiooncology and Cyberknife Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Borchmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Hodgkin Study Group, Cologne, Germany
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Kurch L, Hüttmann A, Georgi TW, Rekowski J, Sabri O, Schmitz C, Kluge R, Dührsen U, Hasenclever D. Interim PET in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:1068-1074. [PMID: 33246974 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, early assessment of treatment response by 18F-FDG PET may trigger treatment modification. Reliable identification of good and poor responders is important. We compared 3 competing methods of interim PET evaluation. Methods: Images from 449 patients participating in the "PET-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas" trial were reanalyzed by applying the visual Deauville score and the SUV-based qPET (q = quantitative) and ΔSUVmax scales to interim PET scans performed after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. qPET relates residual lymphoma 18F-FDG uptake to physiologic liver uptake, converting the ordinal Deauville scale into a continuous scale and permitting a direct comparison with the continuous ΔSUVmax scale, which is based on SUVmax changes between baseline and interim scans. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated for progression-free survival. Results: When established thresholds were used to distinguish between good and poor responders (visual Deauville score 1-3 vs. 4-5; ΔSUVmax > 66% vs. ≤ 66%), the positive predictive value was significantly lower with Deauville than ΔSUVmax (38.4% vs. 56.6%; P = 0.03). qPET and ΔSUVmax were strongly correlated on the log scale (Pearson r = 0.75). When plotted along corresponding percentiles, the positive predictive value curves for qPET and ΔSUVmax were superimposable, with low values up to the 85th percentile and a steep rise thereafter. The recommended threshold of 66% SUVmax reduction for the identification of poor responders was equivalent to qPET = 2.26, corresponding to score 5 on the visual Deauville scale. The negative predictive value curves were also superimposable but remained flat between 80% and 70%. Conclusion: Continuous scales are better suited for interim PET-based outcome prediction than the ordinal Deauville scale. qPET and ΔSUVmax essentially carry the same information. The proportion of poor-risk patients identified is less than 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kurch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas W Georgi
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; and
| | - Osama Sabri
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Regine Kluge
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Schmitz C, Rekowski J, Müller SP, Farsijani N, Hertenstein B, Franzius C, von Verschuer U, La Rosée P, Freesmeyer M, Wilop S, Krohn T, Raghavachar A, Ganser A, Bengel FM, Prange-Krex G, Kroschinsky F, Kotzerke J, Giagounidis A, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A. Impact of complete surgical resection on outcome in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8386-8396. [PMID: 32926763 PMCID: PMC7666729 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical resection is considered to be of purely diagnostic value in aggressive lymphoma. Evidence for an impact on outcome is scant and restricted to retrospective observations. Methods In the “Positron Emission Tomography‐guided Therapy of Aggressive non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas” (PETAL) trial, patients with a negative baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scan were documented in a prospective observational substudy. Baseline PET‐negative patients with the absence of lymph node enlargement on computed tomography and a negative bone marrow biopsy were considered to have undergone complete lymphoma resection. Results Eighty‐two of 1,041 patients (7.9%) had a negative baseline PET scan, and 67 were included in this analysis. All were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), plus rituximab for CD20‐positive lymphomas. Among 52 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 48 had completely resected disease. Their outcome tended to be better than that of 115 baseline PET‐positive stage I DLBCL patients treated in the main part of the PETAL trial (2‐year progression‐free survival 92.7% [95% confidence interval 84.7‐100] versus 88.4% [82.5‐94.3], P = .056; 2‐year overall survival 92.7% [84.7‐100] versus 93.7% [89.2‐98.2], P = .176), but this was restricted to patients below the age of 60 years (2‐year progression‐free survival 100% versus 92.2% [84.8‐99.6], P = .031; 2‐year overall survival 100% versus 95.9% [90.2‐100], P = .075). In peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, eight of 11 patients had completely resected disease. In contrast to DLBCL, complete resection was not associated with improved outcome compared to the control. Conclusion Young patients with early stage DLBCL may benefit from complete lymphoma resection prior to immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmitz
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan P Müller
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Navid Farsijani
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Franzius
- Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik (Zemodi), Zentrum für Nuklearmedizin und PET/CT, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Paul La Rosée
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wilop
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostaseologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Krohn
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aruna Raghavachar
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Hämostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Kroschinsky
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schmitz C, Hüttmann A, Müller SP, Hanoun M, Boellaard R, Brinkmann M, Jöckel KH, Dührsen U, Rekowski J. Corrigendum to 'Dynamic risk assessment based on positron emission tomography scanning in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Post-hoc analysis from the PETAL trial' [Eur J Canc 124 (January 2020) 25-36]. Eur J Cancer 2020; 136:207-208. [PMID: 32651046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan P Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maher Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Brinkmann
- Center for Clinical Trials, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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31
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Rekowski J, Hüttmann A, Schmitz C, Müller SP, Kurch L, Kotzerke J, Franzius C, Weckesser M, Bengel FM, Freesmeyer M, Hertel A, Krohn T, Holzinger J, Brink I, Haberkorn U, Nyuyki F, van Assema DME, Geworski L, Hasenclever D, Jöckel KH, Dührsen U. Interim PET Evaluation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using Published Recommendations: Comparison of the Deauville 5-Point Scale and the ΔSUV max Method. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:37-42. [PMID: 32385164 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.244145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT (iPET)-guided treatment decisions in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been the subject of much debate. This investigation focuses on a comparison of the Deauville score and the change-in-SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) approach-2 methods to assess early metabolic response to standard chemotherapy in DLBCL. Methods: Of 609 DLBCL patients participating in the PET-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas trial, iPET scans of 596 patients originally evaluated using the ΔSUVmax method were available for post hoc assessment of the Deauville score. A commonly used definition of an unfavorable iPET result according to the Deauville score is an uptake greater than that of the liver, whereas an unfavorable iPET scan with regard to the ΔSUVmax approach is characterized as a relative reduction of the SUVmax between baseline and iPET staging of less than or equal to 66%. We investigated the 2 methods' correlation and concordance by Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the agreement in classification, respectively. We further used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to assess differences in survival between patient subgroups defined by the prespecified cutoffs. Time-dependent receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis provided information on the methods' respective discrimination performance. Results: Deauville score and ΔSUVmax approach differed in their iPET-based prognosis. The ΔSUVmax approach outperformed the Deauville score in terms of discrimination performance-most likely because of a high number of false-positive decisions by the Deauville score. Cutoff-independent discrimination performance remained low for both methods, but cutoff-related analyses showed promising results. Both favored the ΔSUVmax approach, for example, for the segregation by iPET response, where the event-free survival hazard ratio was 3.14 (95% confidence interval, 2.22-4.46) for ΔSUVmax and 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-2.24) for the Deauville score. Conclusion: When considering treatment intensification, the currently used Deauville score cutoff of an uptake above that of the liver seems to be inappropriate and associated with potential harm for DLBCL patients. The ΔSUVmax criterion of a relative reduction in SUVmax of less than or equal to 66% should be considered as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rekowski
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie, und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan P Müller
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Kurch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Franzius
- Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik (Zemodi), Zentrum für Nuklearmedizin und PET/CT, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Frank M Bengel
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hertel
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Therapeutische Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum, Fulda, Germany
| | - Thomas Krohn
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Holzinger
- Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie, Neuroradiologie, und Nuklearmedizin, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden, Germany
| | - Ingo Brink
- Klinik für nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik und Therapie, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Radiologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fonyuy Nyuyki
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Brüderkrankenhaus St. Josef, Paderborn, Germany
| | | | - Lilli Geworski
- Stabsstelle Strahlenschutz und Abteilung Medizinische Physik, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik, und Epidemiologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie, und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
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Schmitz C, Rekowski J, Müller SP, Hertenstein B, Franzius C, Ganser A, Bengel FM, Kroschinsky F, Kotzerke J, La Rosée P, Freesmeyer M, Hoeffkes HG, Hertel A, Behringer D, Mesters R, Weckesser M, Mahlmann S, Haberkorn U, Martens U, Prange-Krex G, Brenner W, Giagounidis A, Moeller R, Runde V, Sandmann M, Hautzel H, Wilop S, Krohn T, Dürk H, Heike M, Alashkar F, Brinkmann M, Trenn G, Wacker D, Kreisel-Büstgens C, Bernhard H, Heil G, Larisch R, Kurch L, Jöckel KH, Hoelzer D, Klapper W, Boellaard R, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A. Baseline and interim PET-based outcome prediction in peripheral T-cell lymphoma: A subgroup analysis of the PETAL trial. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:244-256. [PMID: 32067259 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prospective randomized Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (PETAL) trial was designed to test the ability of interim PET (iPET) to direct therapy. As reported previously, outcome remained unaffected by iPET-based treatment changes. In this subgroup analysis, we studied the prognostic value of baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) and iPET response in 76 patients with T-cell lymphoma. TMTV was measured using the 41% maximum standardized uptake value (SUV41max ) and SUV4 thresholding methods. Interim PET was performed after two treatment cycles and evaluated using the ΔSUVmax approach and the Deauville scale. Because of significant differences in outcome, patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lymphoma were analyzed separately from patients with ALK-negative lymphoma. In the latter, TMTV was statistically significantly correlated with progression-free survival, with thresholds best dichotomizing the population, of 232 cm3 using SUV41max and 460 cm3 using SUV4 . For iPET response, the respective thresholds were 46.9% SUVmax reduction and Deauville score 1-4 vs 5. The proportion of poor prognosis patients was 46% and 29% for TMTV by SUV41max and SUV4 , and 29% and 25% for iPET response by ΔSUVmax and Deauville, respectively. At diagnosis, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for poor prognosis vs good prognosis patients according to TMTV was 2.291 (1.135-4.624) for SUV41max and 3.206 (1.524-6.743) for SUV4 . At iPET, it was 3.910 (1.891-8.087) for ΔSUVmax and 4.371 (2.079-9.187) for Deauville. On multivariable analysis, only TMTV and iPET response independently predicted survival. Patients with high baseline TMTV and poor iPET response (22% of the population) invariably progressed or died within the first year (hazard ratio, 9.031 [3.651-22.336]). Due to small numbers and events, PET did not predict survival in ALK-positive lymphoma. Baseline TMTV and iPET response are promising tools to select patients with ALK-negative T-cell lymphoma for early allogeneic transplantation or innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan P Müller
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Franzius
- Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik (Zemodi), Zentrum für Nuklearmedizin und PET/CT, Bremen, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Hämostaseologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Kroschinsky
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul La Rosée
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Hertel
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Therapeutische Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda, Germany
| | - Dirk Behringer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Mesters
- Medizinische Klinik A, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Weckesser
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Mahlmann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 1, Westpfalz-Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Radiologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Martens
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III: Hämatologie, Onkologie, Palliativmedizin, Klinikum am Gesundbrunnen, Heilbronn, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Brenner
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aristoteles Giagounidis
- Klinik für Onkologie, Hämatologie und Palliativmedizin, Marien Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Regina Moeller
- Hämatologisch-onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Halle, Germany
| | - Volker Runde
- Klinik für Innere Medizin mit den Schwerpunkten Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Wilhelm-Anton-Hospital, Goch, Germany
| | - Matthias Sandmann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Hämatologie und Onkologie, Palliativmedizin, Petrus-Krankenhaus, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostaseologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Krohn
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heinz Dürk
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Hamm, Germany
| | - Michael Heike
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hämatologie und internistische Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Klinikum Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ferras Alashkar
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Brinkmann
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien Essen (ZKSE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Trenn
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Dietmar Wacker
- Medizinische Klinik III, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Klinikum Vest, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | | | - Helga Bernhard
- Medizinische Klinik V, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Heil
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Germany
| | - Rolf Larisch
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Germany
| | - Lars Kurch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Institut für Pathologie, Sektion für Hämatopathologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schmitz C, Rekowski J, Reinke S, Müller SP, Hüttmann A, Klapper W, Dührsen U. Metabolic tumor volume, cancer cell fraction, and prognosis - the case of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1372-1379. [PMID: 32022621 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1713319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a rare aggressive lymphoma characterized by a paucity of neoplastic B-cells and a majority of reactive T-cells with or without histiocytes. In the 'Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas' trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00554164; EudraCT 2006-001641-33), its frequency was less than 3%. While cancer cell content by quantitative histology was 10-times lower, baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) by 18-fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography was 10-times higher in THRLBCL than in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). When THRLBCL and DLBCL populations were matched for TMTV, the survival curves were superimposable. However, when the populations were matched for cancer cell volume by multiplying TMTV by cancer cell fraction, outcome in THRLBCL was worse than in DLBCL. Whether genetic differences between cancer cells, tumor-promoting properties of non-neoplastic cells, or both are responsible for inferior cancer cell volume-related outcome in THRLBCL, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Reinke
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan P Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schmitz C, Hüttmann A, Müller SP, Hanoun M, Boellaard R, Brinkmann M, Jöckel KH, Dührsen U, Rekowski J. Supporting data for positron emission tomography-based risk modelling using a fixed-instead of a relative thresholding method for total metabolic tumor volume determination. Data Brief 2020; 28:104976. [PMID: 31890813 PMCID: PMC6931116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) was measured in 510 patients with DLBCL participating in the PETAL trial. The present data provide information about the prognostic impact of total metabolic tumor volume using the fixed standardized uptake value (SUV4) instead of the relative SUV41max thresholding method. A Bland-Altman plot was created to compare both methods. For TMTV assessed by the SUV4 method a Cox regression was applied to determine its effect on time to progression, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curves and corresponding hazard ratios were used to estimate the effect of TMTV alone or in combination with interim positron emission tomography response on patients’ survival. The data relate to the research article entitled “Dynamic risk assessment based on positron emission tomography scanning in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: post-hoc analysis from the PETAL trial” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan P Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maher Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Brinkmann
- Center for Clinical Trials, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Demirdas S, Hense J, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A. Treatment Outcome in Patients with Primary or Secondary Transformed Indolent B-Cell Lymphomas. Oncol Res Treat 2019; 42:580-588. [PMID: 31536987 DOI: 10.1159/000502754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologic transformation (HT) of indolent B-cell lymphomas into an aggressive form can occur simultaneously (primary HT, pHT) or sequentially after a preceding diagnosis of indolent lymphoma (secondary HT, sHT). The clinical course after diagnosis of HT is variable. OBJECTIVES To describe the outcome of treatment in pHT and sHT patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed HT cases with an underlying follicular lymphoma, nodal marginal zone lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or small lymphocytic lymphoma at our institution. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to calculate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Ninety-two HT patients were identified, 38 with pHT and 54 with sHT. In sHT, time-to-transformation was not influenced by the preceding treatment strategy of the indolent lymphoma component. In pHT, median PFS was 61 months (95% CI 27-61), and OS was not reached. In sHT, median PFS and OS was 14 months (95% CI 9-32) and 42 months (95% CI 16-90), respectively. Significant differences between pHT and sHT in PFS (p = 0.002; Hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.36-3.91) and OS (p = 0.0001; HR 3.30, 95% CI 1.81-6.03) were observed. Response to treatment for transformation was highly prognostic of PFS and OS (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The outcome in pHT cases is favorable and signifi-cantly better than in sHT cases. Failure to achieve a remission after treatment for transformation confers a dismal pro-gnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Demirdas
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hense
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,
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36
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Kurtz DM, Esfahani MS, Scherer F, Soo J, Jin MC, Liu CL, Newman AM, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Casasnovas O, Westin JR, Ritgen M, Böttcher S, Langerak AW, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Bahlo J, Hallek M, Tibshirani R, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Dynamic Risk Profiling Using Serial Tumor Biomarkers for Personalized Outcome Prediction. Cell 2019; 178:699-713.e19. [PMID: 31280963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of long-term outcomes remains a challenge in the care of cancer patients. Due to the difficulty of serial tumor sampling, previous prediction tools have focused on pretreatment factors. However, emerging non-invasive diagnostics have increased opportunities for serial tumor assessments. We describe the Continuous Individualized Risk Index (CIRI), a method to dynamically determine outcome probabilities for individual patients utilizing risk predictors acquired over time. Similar to "win probability" models in other fields, CIRI provides a real-time probability by integrating risk assessments throughout a patient's course. Applying CIRI to patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, we demonstrate improved outcome prediction compared to conventional risk models. We demonstrate CIRI's broader utility in analogous models of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and breast adenocarcinoma and perform a proof-of-concept analysis demonstrating how CIRI could be used to develop predictive biomarkers for therapy selection. We envision that dynamic risk assessment will facilitate personalized medicine and enable innovative therapeutic paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kurtz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Esfahani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Florian Scherer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Soo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Jin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chih Long Liu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Newman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- Department of Hematology, Hopital F. Mitterrand, CHU Dijon and INSERM 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Jason R Westin
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthais Ritgen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Campus Kiel, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Department III of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roschewski
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi
- Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Bahlo
- German CLL Study Group, Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- German CLL Study Group, Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Related Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- Department Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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37
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Illidge T, Horwitz S, Iyer S, Bartlett N, Kim W, Tilly H, Belada D, Feldman T, Illés Á, Jacobsen E, Hüttmann A, Zinzani P, O'Connor O, Trepicchio W, Miao H, Rao S, Onsum M, Manley T, Advani R. RESPONSE TO A+CHP BY CD30 EXPRESSION IN THE ECHELON-2 TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.92_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Illidge
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; University of Manchester, National Institutes of Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Christie Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - S. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine; Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York United States
| | - S. Iyer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma; Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston United States
| | - N. Bartlett
- Department of Medicine; Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center; Saint Louis United States
| | - W. Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - H. Tilly
- Department of Hematology; Centre Henri Becquerel, Université of Rouen Normandie; Rouen France
| | - D. Belada
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Haematology; Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - T. Feldman
- Hematology Division; Hackensack University Medical Center; Hackensack United States
| | - Á. Illés
- Department of Hematology; University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine; Debrecen Hungary
| | - E. Jacobsen
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston United States
| | - A. Hüttmann
- Department of Haematology; Universitatsklinikum Essen; Essen Germany
| | - P. Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology; “Seràgnoli” University of Bologna; Bologna France
| | - O.A. O'Connor
- Department of Medicine; Columbia University Medical Center; New York United States
| | - W. Trepicchio
- Clinical Development; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Limited; Cambridge United States
| | - H. Miao
- Clinical Development; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Limited; Cambridge United States
| | - S. Rao
- Development; Seattle Genetics, Inc.; Bothell United States
| | - M. Onsum
- Development; Seattle Genetics, Inc.; Bothell United States
| | - T. Manley
- Development; Seattle Genetics, Inc.; Bothell United States
| | - R. Advani
- Medicine - Med/Oncology; Stanford Cancer Institute; Stanford United States
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38
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Kurtz DM, Scherer F, Jin MC, Soo J, Craig AFM, Esfahani MS, Chabon JJ, Stehr H, Liu CL, Tibshirani R, Maeda LS, Gupta NK, Khodadoust MS, Advani RH, Newman AM, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Meignan M, Casasnovas O, Westin JR, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Reply to J. Wang et al. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:755-757. [PMID: 30753108 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M Kurtz
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Florian Scherer
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael C Jin
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joanne Soo
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Alexander F M Craig
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Mohammad S Esfahani
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jacob J Chabon
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Henning Stehr
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chih Long Liu
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Lauren S Maeda
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Neel K Gupta
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ranjana H Advani
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aaron M Newman
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michel Meignan
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Olivier Casasnovas
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason R Westin
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Mark Roschewski
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Davide Rossi
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- David M. Kurtz, MD, PhD; Florian Scherer, MD; Michael C. Jin; Joanne Soo; Alexander F.M. Craig, MPhil; Mohammad S. Esfahani, PhD; Jacob J. Chabon, PhD; Henning Stehr, PhD; Chih Long Liu, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Lauren S. Maeda, MD; Neel K. Gupta, MD; Michael S. Khodadoust, MD, PhD; Ranjana H. Advani, MD; and Aaron M. Newman, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Ulrich Dührsen, MD; and Andreas Hüttmann, MD, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, MD, PhD, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil, France; Olivier Casasnovas, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, MD, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski, MD; and Wyndham H. Wilson, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano, MD, PhD; and Davide Rossi, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; and Ash A. Alizadeh, MD, PhD, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Sakarou M, Eisele L, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A. Efficacy of the GMALL‐B‐ALL/NHL2002 protocol in Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma and aggressive non‐Hodgkin‐lymphomas with or without CNS involvement. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:241-250. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sakarou
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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Horwitz S, O'Connor OA, Pro B, Illidge T, Fanale M, Advani R, Bartlett NL, Christensen JH, Morschhauser F, Domingo-Domenech E, Rossi G, Kim WS, Feldman T, Lennard A, Belada D, Illés Á, Tobinai K, Tsukasaki K, Yeh SP, Shustov A, Hüttmann A, Savage KJ, Yuen S, Iyer S, Zinzani PL, Hua Z, Little M, Rao S, Woolery J, Manley T, Trümper L. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (ECHELON-2): a global, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2019; 393:229-240. [PMID: 30522922 PMCID: PMC6436818 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the encouraging activity and manageable safety profile observed in a phase 1 study, the ECHELON-2 trial was initiated to compare the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (A+CHP) versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) for the treatment of CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas. METHODS ECHELON-2 is a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, placebo-controlled, active-comparator phase 3 study. Eligible adults from 132 sites in 17 countries with previously untreated CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas (targeting 75% with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma) were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either A+CHP or CHOP for six or eight 21-day cycles. Randomisation was stratified by histological subtype according to local pathology assessment and by international prognostic index score. All patients received cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle intravenously and prednisone 100 mg once daily on days 1 to 5 of each cycle orally, followed by either brentuximab vedotin 1·8 mg/kg and a placebo form of vincristine intravenously (A+CHP group) or vincristine 1·4 mg/m2 and a placebo form of brentuximab vedotin intravenously (CHOP group) on day 1 of each cycle. The primary endpoint, progression-free survival according to blinded independent central review, was analysed by intent-to-treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01777152. FINDINGS Between Jan 24, 2013, and Nov 7, 2016, 601 patients assessed for eligibility, of whom 452 patients were enrolled and 226 were randomly assigned to both the A+CHP group and the CHOP group. Median progression-free survival was 48·2 months (95% CI 35·2-not evaluable) in the A+CHP group and 20·8 months (12·7-47·6) in the CHOP group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·54-0·93], p=0·0110). Adverse events, including incidence and severity of febrile neutropenia (41 [18%] patients in the A+CHP group and 33 [15%] in the CHOP group) and peripheral neuropathy (117 [52%] in the A+CHP group and 124 [55%] in the CHOP group), were similar between groups. Fatal adverse events occurred in seven (3%) patients in the A+CHP group and nine (4%) in the CHOP group. INTERPRETATION Front-line treatment with A+CHP is superior to CHOP for patients with CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas as shown by a significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival with a manageable safety profile. FUNDING Seattle Genetics Inc, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmacuetical Company Limited, and National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Cancer Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Horwitz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Barbara Pro
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim Illidge
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, National Institutes of Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Christie Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle Fanale
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; Seattle Genetics, Inc, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Ranjana Advani
- Stanford Cancer Center, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Franck Morschhauser
- University of Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | | | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Belada
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, Charles University, Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Árpád Illés
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Su-Peng Yeh
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Andrei Shustov
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kerry J Savage
- University of British Columbia and the Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Yuen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Swaminathan Iyer
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zhaowei Hua
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
| | - Meredith Little
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
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Dührsen U, Müller S, Rekowski J, Hüttmann A. Reply to H.J.A Adams et al and C. Gisselbrecht. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:3273-3274. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dührsen
- Ulrich Dührsen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Stefan Müller, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Jan Rekowski, Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Andreas Hüttmann, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Ulrich Dührsen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Stefan Müller, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Jan Rekowski, Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Andreas Hüttmann, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Ulrich Dührsen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Stefan Müller, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Jan Rekowski, Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Andreas Hüttmann, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Ulrich Dührsen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Stefan Müller, Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany; Jan Rekowski, Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; and Andreas Hüttmann, Klinik für Hämatologie, Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
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Kurtz DM, Scherer F, Jin MC, Soo J, Craig AFM, Esfahani MS, Chabon JJ, Stehr H, Liu CL, Tibshirani R, Maeda LS, Gupta NK, Khodadoust MS, Advani RH, Levy R, Newman AM, Dührsen U, Hüttmann A, Meignan M, Casasnovas RO, Westin JR, Roschewski M, Wilson WH, Gaidano G, Rossi D, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA. Circulating Tumor DNA Measurements As Early Outcome Predictors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2845-2853. [PMID: 30125215 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.78.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma remain heterogeneous, with existing methods failing to consistently predict treatment failure. We examined the additional prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) before and during therapy for predicting patient outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied the dynamics of ctDNA from 217 patients treated at six centers, using a training and validation framework. We densely characterized early ctDNA dynamics during therapy using cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing to define response-associated thresholds within a discovery set. These thresholds were assessed in two independent validation sets. Finally, we assessed the prognostic value of ctDNA in the context of established risk factors, including the International Prognostic Index and interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans. RESULTS Before therapy, ctDNA was detectable in 98% of patients; pretreatment levels were prognostic in both front-line and salvage settings. In the discovery set, ctDNA levels changed rapidly, with a 2-log decrease after one cycle (early molecular response [EMR]) and a 2.5-log decrease after two cycles (major molecular response [MMR]) stratifying outcomes. In the first validation set, patients receiving front-line therapy achieving EMR or MMR had superior outcomes at 24 months (EMR: EFS, 83% v 50%; P = .0015; MMR: EFS, 82% v 46%; P < .001). EMR also predicted superior 24-month outcomes in patients receiving salvage therapy in the first validation set (EFS, 100% v 13%; P = .011). The prognostic value of EMR and MMR was further confirmed in the second validation set. In multivariable analyses including International Prognostic Index and interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans across both cohorts, molecular response was independently prognostic of outcomes, including event-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION Pretreatment ctDNA levels and molecular responses are independently prognostic of outcomes in aggressive lymphomas. These risk factors could potentially guide future personalized risk-directed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kurtz
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Florian Scherer
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Jin
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Soo
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexander F M Craig
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jacob J Chabon
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stehr
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Chih Long Liu
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Robert Tibshirani
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lauren S Maeda
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Neel K Gupta
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ranjana H Advani
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Levy
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M Newman
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michel Meignan
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - René-Olivier Casasnovas
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jason R Westin
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mark Roschewski
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- David M. Kurtz, Florian Scherer, Michael C. Jin, Joanne Soo, Alexander F.M. Craig, Mohammad Shahrokh Esfahani, Jacob J. Chabon, Henning Stehr, Chih Long Liu, Robert Tibshirani, Lauren S. Maeda, Neel K. Gupta, Michael S. Khodadoust, Ranjana H. Advani, Ronald Levy, Aaron M. Newman, Maximilian Diehn, and Ash A. Alizadeh, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Florian Scherer, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Michel Meignan, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Creteil; René-Olivier Casasnovas, Hôpital Le Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Jason R. Westin, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Mark Roschewski and Wyndham H. Wilson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Gianluca Gaidano and Davide Rossi, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; and Davide Rossi, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Dührsen U, Müller S, Hertenstein B, Thomssen H, Kotzerke J, Mesters R, Berdel WE, Franzius C, Kroschinsky F, Weckesser M, Kofahl-Krause D, Bengel FM, Dürig J, Matschke J, Schmitz C, Pöppel T, Ose C, Brinkmann M, La Rosée P, Freesmeyer M, Hertel A, Höffkes HG, Behringer D, Prange-Krex G, Wilop S, Krohn T, Holzinger J, Griesshammer M, Giagounidis A, Raghavachar A, Maschmeyer G, Brink I, Bernhard H, Haberkorn U, Gaska T, Kurch L, van Assema DME, Klapper W, Hoelzer D, Geworski L, Jöckel KH, Scherag A, Bockisch A, Rekowski J, Hüttmann A. Positron Emission Tomography-Guided Therapy of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (PETAL): A Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Trial. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:2024-2034. [PMID: 29750632 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interim positron emission tomography (PET) using the tracer, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, may predict outcomes in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We assessed whether PET can guide therapy in patients who are treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Patients and Methods Newly diagnosed patients received two cycles of CHOP-plus rituximab (R-CHOP) in CD20-positive lymphomas-followed by a PET scan that was evaluated using the ΔSUVmax method. PET-positive patients were randomly assigned to receive six additional cycles of R-CHOP or six blocks of an intensive Burkitt's lymphoma protocol. PET-negative patients with CD20-positive lymphomas were randomly assigned or allocated to receive four additional cycles of R-CHOP or the same treatment with two additional doses rituximab. The primary end point was event-free survival time as assessed by log-rank test. Results Interim PET was positive in 108 (12.5%) and negative in 754 (87.5%) of 862 patients treated, with statistically significant differences in event-free survival and overall survival. Among PET-positive patients, 52 were randomly assigned to R-CHOP and 56 to the Burkitt protocol, with 2-year event-free survival rates of 42.0% (95% CI, 28.2% to 55.2%) and 31.6% (95% CI, 19.3% to 44.6%), respectively (hazard ratio, 1.501 [95% CI, 0.896 to 2.514]; P = .1229). The Burkitt protocol produced significantly more toxicity. Of 754 PET-negative patients, 255 underwent random assignment (129 to R-CHOP and 126 to R-CHOP with additional rituximab). Event-free survival rates were 76.4% (95% CI, 68.0% to 82.8%) and 73.5% (95% CI, 64.8% to 80.4%), respectively (hazard ratio, 1.048 [95% CI, 0.684 to 1.606]; P = .8305). Outcome prediction by PET was independent of the International Prognostic Index. Results in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were similar to those in the total group. Conclusion Interim PET predicted survival in patients with aggressive lymphomas treated with R-CHOP. PET-based treatment intensification did not improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Dührsen
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Müller
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Hertenstein
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Thomssen
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Mesters
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Franzius
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Kroschinsky
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Weckesser
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorothea Kofahl-Krause
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dürig
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Matschke
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Schmitz
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Pöppel
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Ose
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Brinkmann
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul La Rosée
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Freesmeyer
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Hertel
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heinz-Gert Höffkes
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Behringer
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Prange-Krex
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Krohn
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Holzinger
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Griesshammer
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aristoteles Giagounidis
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aruna Raghavachar
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georg Maschmeyer
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingo Brink
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga Bernhard
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Gaska
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Kurch
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M E van Assema
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieter Hoelzer
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lilli Geworski
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André Scherag
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Bockisch
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rekowski
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Ulrich Dührsen, Stefan Müller, Jan Dürig, Johannes Matschke, Christine Schmitz, Thorsten Pöppel, Andreas Bockisch, and Andreas Hüttmann, Universitätsklinikum Essen; Claudia Ose, Marcus Brinkmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, André Scherag, and Jan Rekowski, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Bernd Hertenstein and Henrike Thomssen, Klinikum Bremen Mitte; Christiane Franzius, Zentrum für moderne Diagnostik, Bremen; Jörg Kotzerke and Frank Kroschinsky, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus; Gabriele Prange-Krex, Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dresden; Rolf Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel, and Matthias Weckesser, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster; Dorothea Kofahl-Krause, Frank M. Bengel, and Lilli Geworski, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover; Paul La Rosée, Martin Freesmeyer, and André Scherag, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena; Andreas Hertel and Heinz-Gert Höffkes, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda; Dirk Behringer, Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Bochum; Stefan Wilop and Thomas Krohn, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen; Jens Holzinger and Martin Griesshammer, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden; Aristoteles Giagounidis, Helios St Johannes Klinik, Duisburg; Aruna Raghavachar, Helios Universitätsklinikum, Wuppertal; Georg Maschmeyer and Ingo Brink, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam; Helga Bernhard, Klinikum Darmstadt, Darmstadt; Uwe Haberkorn, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Tobias Gaska, Brüderkrankenhaus St Josef, Paderborn; Lars Kurch, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig; Wolfram Klapper, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Dieter Hoelzer, Onkologikum, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and Daniëlle M.E. van Assema, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Borchmann P, Goergen H, Kobe C, Lohri A, Greil R, Eichenauer DA, Zijlstra JM, Markova J, Meissner J, Feuring-Buske M, Hüttmann A, Dierlamm J, Soekler M, Beck HJ, Willenbacher W, Ludwig WD, Pabst T, Topp MS, Hitz F, Bentz M, Keller UB, Kühnhardt D, Ostermann H, Schmitz N, Hertenstein B, Aulitzky W, Maschmeyer G, Vieler T, Eich H, Baues C, Stein H, Fuchs M, Kuhnert G, Diehl V, Dietlein M, Engert A. PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Lancet 2017; 390:2790-2802. [PMID: 29061295 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive polychemotherapy regimen eBEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone in escalated doses) is very active in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma, albeit at the expense of severe toxicities. Individual patients might be cured with less burdensome therapy. We investigated whether metabolic response determined by PET after two cycles of standard regimen eBEACOPP (PET-2) would allow adaption of treatment intensity, increasing it for PET-2-positive patients and reducing it for PET-2-negative patients. METHODS In this open-label, randomised, parallel-group phase 3 trial, we recruited patients aged 18-60 years with newly diagnosed, advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma in 301 hospitals and private practices in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic. After central review of PET-2, patients were assigned (1:1) to one of two parallel treatment groups on the basis of their PET-2 result. Patients with positive PET-2 were randomised to receive six additional cycles of either standard eBEACOPP (8 × eBEACOPP in total) or eBEACOPP with rituximab (8 × R-eBEACOPP). Those with negative PET-2 were randomised between standard treatment with six additional cycles of eBEACOPP (8 × eBEACOPP) or experimental treatment with two additional cycles (4 × eBEACOPP). A protocol amendment in June, 2011, introduced a reduction of standard therapy to 6 × eBEACOPP; after this point, patients with positive PET-2 were no longer randomised and were all assigned to receive 6 × eBEACOPP and patients with negative PET-2 were randomly assigned to 6 × eBEACOPP (standard) or 4 × eBEACOPP (experimental). Randomisation was done centrally using the minimisation method including a random component, stratified according to centre, age (<45 vs ≥45 years), stage (IIB, IIIA vs IIIB, IV), international prognostic score (0-2 vs 3-7), and sex. eBEACOPP was given as previously described; rituximab was given intravenously at a dose of 375 mg/m2 (maximum total dose 700 mg). The primary objectives were to show superiority of the experimental treatment in the PET-2-positive cohort, and to show non-inferiority of the experimental treatment in the PET-2-negative cohort in terms of the primary endpoint, progression-free survival. We defined non-inferiority as an absolute difference of 6% in the 5-year progression-free survival estimates. Primary analyses in the PET-2-negative cohort were per protocol; all other analyses were by intention to treat. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00515554. FINDINGS Between May 14, 2008, and July 18, 2014, we recruited 2101 patients, of whom 137 were found ineligible before randomisation and a further 19 were found ineligible after randomisation. Among 434 randomised patients (217 per arm) with positive PET-2, 5-year progression-free survival was 89·7% (95% CI 85·4-94·0) with eBEACOPP and 88·1% (83·5-92·7) with R-eBEACOPP (log-rank p=0·46). Patients with negative PET-2 randomly assigned to either 8 × eBEACOPP or 6 × eBEACOPP (n=504) or 4 × eBEACOPP (n=501) had 5-year progression-free survival of 90·8% (95% CI 87·9-93·7) and 92·2% (89·4-95·0), respectively (difference 1·4%, 95% CI -2·7 to 5·4). 4 × eBEACOPP was associated with fewer severe infections (40 [8%] of 498 vs 75 [15%] of 502) and organ toxicities (38 [8%] of 498 vs 91 [18%] of 502) than were 8 × eBEACOPP or 6 × eBEACOPP in PET-2-negative patients. Ten treatment-related deaths occurred: four in the PET-2-positive cohort (one [<1%] in the 8 × eBEACOPP group, three [1%] in the 8 × R-eBEACOPP group) and six in the PET-2-negative group (six [1%] in the 8 × eBEACOPP or 6 × eBEACOPP group). INTERPRETATION The favourable outcome of patients treated with eBEACOPP could not be improved by adding rituximab after positive PET-2. PET-2 negativity allows reduction to only four cycles of eBEACOPP without loss of tumour control. PET-2-guided eBEACOPP provides outstanding efficacy for all patients and increases overall survival by reducing treatment-related risks for patients with negative PET-2. We recommend this PET-2-guided treatment strategy for patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. FUNDING Deutsche Krebshilfe, Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research, and Roche Pharma AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Borchmann
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Helen Goergen
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Kobe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Lohri
- Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Greil
- IIIrd Medical Department, Paracelcus Medical University and Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria; Salzburg Cancer Research Institute and AGMT (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dennis A Eichenauer
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jana Markova
- Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Meissner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Dierlamm
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Soekler
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Beck
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute and AGMT (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie), Salzburg, Austria; Medical University Innsbruck, Internal Medicine V: Hematology & Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria; Oncotyrol, Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Pabst
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Max S Topp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Hitz
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland; Cantonal Hospital of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bentz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bernd Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum "Rechts der Isar", Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kühnhardt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Ostermann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Haematology, Asklepios Hospital St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Hertenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - Walter Aulitzky
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Maschmeyer
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Ernst von Bergmann Hospital, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tom Vieler
- Karl Lennert-Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Eich
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Stein
- Berlin Reference Center for Lymphoma and Haematopathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Kuhnert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Diehl
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Dietlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Engert
- German Hodgkin Study Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Wein F, Weniger MA, Höing B, Arnolds J, Hüttmann A, Hansmann ML, Hartmann S, Küppers R. Complex Immune Evasion Strategies in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:1122-1132. [PMID: 29070649 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is dominated by a mixed infiltrate of inflammatory cells with typically only about 1% Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells. T cells are usually the largest population of cells in the cHL microenvironment, encompassing T helper (Th) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cytotoxic T cells. Th cells and Tregs presumably provide essential survival signals for HRS cells. Tregs are also involved in rescuing HRS cells from antitumor immune responses. An understanding of the immune evasion strategies of HRS cells is not only relevant for a characterization of the pathophysiology of cHL but is also clinically relevant, given the current treatment approaches targeting checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we characterized the cHL-specific CD4+ T-cell infiltrate regarding its role in immune evasion. Global gene expression analysis of CD4+ Th cells and Tregs isolated from cHL lymph nodes and reactive tonsils revealed that Treg signatures were enriched in CD4+ Th cells of cHL. Hence, HRS cells may induce Treg differentiation in Th cells, a conclusion supported by in vitro studies with Th cells and cHL cell lines. We also found evidence for immune-suppressive purinergic signaling and a role of the inhibitory receptor-ligand pairs B- and T-cell lymphocyte attenuator-herpesvirus entry mediator and CD200R-CD200 in promoting immune evasion. Taken together, this study highlights the relevance of Treg induction and reveals new immune checkpoint-driven immune evasion strategies in cHL. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1122-32. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc A Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Höing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Arnolds
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt/Main, Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Trappe RU, Dierickx D, Zimmermann H, Morschhauser F, Mollee P, Zaucha JM, Dreyling MH, Dührsen U, Reinke P, Verhoef G, Subklewe M, Hüttmann A, Tousseyn T, Salles G, Kliem V, Hauser IA, Tarella C, Van Den Neste E, Gheysens O, Anagnostopoulos I, Leblond V, Riess H, Choquet S. Response to Rituximab Induction Is a Predictive Marker in B-Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder and Allows Successful Stratification Into Rituximab or R-CHOP Consolidation in an International, Prospective, Multicenter Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2016; 35:536-543. [PMID: 27992268 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.69.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Sequential Treatment of CD20-Positive Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD-1) trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01458548) established sequential treatment with four cycles of rituximab followed by four cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy as a standard in the management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and identified response to rituximab induction as a prognostic factor for overall survival. We hypothesized that rituximab consolidation might be sufficient treatment for patients with a complete response after rituximab induction. Patients and Methods In this prospective, international, multicenter phase II trial, 152 treatment-naive adult solid organ transplant recipients, with CD20+ PTLD unresponsive to immunosuppression reduction, were treated with four weekly doses of rituximab induction. After restaging, complete responders continued with four courses of rituximab consolidation every 21 days; all others received four courses of rituximab plus CHOP chemotherapy every 21 days. The primary end point was treatment efficacy measured as the response rate in patients who completed therapy and the response duration in those who completed therapy and responded. Secondary end points were frequency of infections, treatment-related mortality, and overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. Results One hundred eleven of 126 patients had a complete or partial response (88%; 95% CI, 81% to 93%), of whom 88 had a complete response (70%; 95% CI, 61% to 77%). Median response duration was not reached. The 3-year estimate was 82% (95% CI, 74% to 90%). Median overall survival was 6.6 years (95% CI, 5.5 to 7.6 years). The frequency of grade 3 or 4 infections and of treatment-related mortality was 34% (95% CI, 27% to 42%) and 8% (95% CI, 5% to 14%), respectively. Response to rituximab induction remained a prognostic factor for overall survival despite treatment stratification. Conclusion In B-cell PTLD, treatment stratification into rituximab or rituximab plus CHOP consolidation on the basis of response to rituximab induction is feasible, safe, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf U Trappe
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Daan Dierickx
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Heiner Zimmermann
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Franck Morschhauser
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Mollee
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan M Zaucha
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin H Dreyling
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Reinke
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregor Verhoef
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gilles Salles
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Kliem
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ingeborg A Hauser
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Van Den Neste
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Olivier Gheysens
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis Anagnostopoulos
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronique Leblond
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Hanno Riess
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Ralf U. Trappe and Heiner Zimmermann, DIAKO Evangelisches Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen; University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel; Ralf U. Trappe, Petra Reinke, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, and Hanno Riess, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Martin H. Dreyling and Marion Subklewe, University of Munich, Munich; Ulrich Dührsen and Andreas Hüttmann, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Volker Kliem, Nephrological Centre Lower Saxony, Hann. Münden; Ingeborg A. Hauser, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; Daan Dierickx, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Tousseyn, and Olivier Gheysens, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven; Eric Van Den Neste, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Franck Morschhauser, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille; Gilles Salles, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite; Veronique Leblond and Sylvain Choquet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Peter Mollee, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Jan M. Zaucha, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk; Polish Lymphoma Research Group, Warsaw, Poland; and Corrado Tarella, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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47
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Göbel M, Eisele L, Möllmann M, Hüttmann A, Johansson P, Scholtysik R, Bergmann M, Busch R, Döhner H, Hallek M, Seiler T, Stilgenbauer S, Klein-Hitpass L, Dührsen U, Dürig J. Progranulin is a novel independent predictor of disease progression and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72107. [PMID: 24009671 PMCID: PMC3751910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (Pgrn) is a 88 kDa secreted protein with pleiotropic functions including regulation of cell cycle progression, cell motility, wound repair and tumorigenesis. Using microarray based gene expression profiling we have recently demonstrated that the gene for Pgrn, granulin (GRN), is significantly higher expressed in aggressive CD38(+)ZAP-70(+) as compared to indolent CD38(-)ZAP-70(-) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases. Here, we measured Pgrn plasma concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the Essen CLL cohort of 131 patients and examined Pgrn for association with established prognostic markers and clinical outcome. We found that high Pgrn plasma levels were strongly associated with adverse risk factors including unmutated IGHV status, expression of CD38 and ZAP-70, poor risk cytogenetics (11q-, 17p-) as detected by flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high Binet stage. Pgrn as well as the aforementioned risk factors were prognostic for time to first treatment and overall survival in this series. Importantly, these results could be confirmed in the independent multicentric CLL1 cohort of untreated Binet stage A patients (n = 163). Here, multivariate analysis of time to first treatment revealed that high risk Pgrn (HR = 2.06, 95%-CI = 1.13-3.76, p = 0.018), unmutated IGHV status (HR = 5.63, 95%-CI = 3.05-10.38, p<0.001), high risk as defined by the study protocol (HR = 2.06, 95%-CI = 1.09-3.89, p = 0.026) but not poor risk cytogenetics were independent prognostic markers. In summary our results suggest that Pgrn is a novel, robust and independent prognostic marker in CLL that can be easily measured by ELISA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Patient Outcome Assessment
- Prognosis
- Progranulins
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Göbel
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Möllmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hüttmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Johansson
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raymonde Busch
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, and Center of Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, Köln, Germany
| | - Till Seiler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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48
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Hanoun M, Eisele L, Suzuki M, Greally JM, Hüttmann A, Aydin S, Scholtysik R, Klein-Hitpass L, Dührsen U, Dürig J. Epigenetic silencing of the circadian clock gene CRY1 is associated with an indolent clinical course in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34347. [PMID: 22470559 PMCID: PMC3314606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythm is believed to play a critical role in cancer development. Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a core component of the mammalian circadian clock and we have previously shown its deregulated expression in a subgroup of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Using real-time RT-PCR in a cohort of 76 CLL patients and 35 normal blood donors we now demonstrate that differential CRY1 mRNA expression in high-risk (HR) CD38+/immunoglobulin variable heavy chain gene (IgVH) unmutated patients as compared to low-risk (LR) CD38−/IgVH mutated patients can be attributed to down-modulation of CRY1 in LR CLL cases. Analysis of the DNA methylation profile of the CRY1 promoter in a subgroup of 57 patients revealed that CRY1 expression in LR CLL cells is silenced by aberrant promoter CpG island hypermethylation. The methylation pattern of the CRY1 promoter proved to have high prognostic impact in CLL where aberrant promoter methylation predicted a favourable outcome. CRY1 mRNA transcript levels did not change over time in the majority of patients where sequential samples were available for analysis. We also compared the CRY1 expression in CLL with other lymphoid malignancies and observed epigenetic silencing of CRY1 in a patient with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Circadian Clocks/genetics
- CpG Islands
- Cryptochromes/genetics
- Cryptochromes/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hanoun
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States America
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States America
| | | | - Semra Aydin
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - René Scholtysik
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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49
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Weber F, Dammann M, Görner M, Hüttmann A, Schmid K, Paul A. Interdisziplinäre Behandlungskonzepte bei primären Lymphomen der Schilddrüse. Zentralbl Chir 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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50
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Hüttmann A, Müller S, Jöckel KH, Dührsen U. Pitfalls of Interim Positron Emission Tomography Scanning in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:e488-9; author reply e490-1. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hüttmann
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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